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Inokuchi JI, Nagafuku M. Gangliosides in T cell development and function of mice. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:229-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Savas B, Astarita G, Aureli M, Sahali D, Ollero M. Gangliosides in Podocyte Biology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9645. [PMID: 33348903 PMCID: PMC7766259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides constitute a subgroup of glycosphingolipids characterized by the presence of sialic acid residues in their structure. As constituents of cellular membranes, in particular of raft microdomains, they exert multiple functions, some of them capital in cell homeostasis. Their presence in cells is tightly regulated by a balanced expression and function of the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis, ganglioside synthases, and their degradation, glycosidases. The dysregulation of their abundance results in rare and common diseases. In this review, we make a point on the relevance of gangliosides and some of their metabolic precursors, such as ceramides, in the function of podocytes, the main cellular component of the glomerular filtration barrier, as well as their implications in podocytopathies. The results presented in this review suggest the pertinence of clinical lipidomic studies targeting these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkan Savas
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (B.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 20007 Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano Italy, 20090 Segrate (Milano), Italy;
| | - Dil Sahali
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (B.S.); (D.S.)
- Service Néphrologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- INSERM, IMRB, Univ Paris Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France; (B.S.); (D.S.)
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Nowling TK, Rodgers J, Thiyagarajan T, Wolf B, Bruner E, Sundararaj K, Molano I, Gilkeson G. Targeting glycosphingolipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic approach for treating disease in female MRL/lpr lupus mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230499. [PMID: 32187230 PMCID: PMC7080257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) hexosylceramides and lactosylceramides are elevated in lupus mice and human patients with nephritis. Whereas other renal diseases characterized by increased GSL levels are thought to be a result of upregulated GSL synthesis, our results suggest elevated hexosylceramides and lactosylceramides in lupus nephritis is a result of increased catabolism of ganglioside GM3 due to significantly increased neuraminidase (NEU) activity. Thus, we hypothesized GM3 would be decreased in lupus nephritis kidneys and blocking NEU activity would reduce GSLs and improve disease in lupus mice. Female MRL/lpr lupus mice were treated with water or the NEU inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate at the onset of proteinuria to block GSL catabolism. Age-matched (non-nephritic) female MRL/MpJ lupus mice served as controls. Renal GM3 levels were significantly higher in the nephritic MRL/lpr water-treated mice compared to non-nephritic MRL/MpJ mice, despite significantly increased renal NEU activity. Blocking GSL catabolism increased, rather than decreased, renal and urine GSL levels and disease was not significantly impacted. A pilot study treating MRL/lpr females with GlcCer synthase inhibitor Genz-667161 to block GSL synthesis resulted in a strong significant negative correlation between Genz-667161 dose and renal GSL hexosylceramide and GM3 levels. Splenomegaly was negatively correlated and serum IgG levels were marginally correlated with increasing Genz-667161 dose. These results suggest accumulation of renal GM3 may be due to dysregulation of one or more of the GSL ganglioside pathways and inhibiting GSL synthesis, but not catabolism, may be a therapeutic approach for treating lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K. Nowling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessalyn Rodgers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thirumagal Thiyagarajan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Bruner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kamala Sundararaj
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ivan Molano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Soluble cytokine receptor levels in aqueous humour of patients with specific autoimmune uveitic entities: sCD30 is a biomarker of granulomatous uveitis. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:1614-1623. [PMID: 31804623 PMCID: PMC7608430 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Soluble cytokine receptors are potential biomarkers for immune activation and have a promising potential as immunotherapeutic agents. We investigated the levels of soluble cytokine receptors in aqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with specific autoimmune uveitic entities. Methods Patients with active uveitis associated with Behçet’s disease (BD) (n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 8), HLA-B27-related inflammation (n = 12), Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 9) were included. AH samples were analyzed with the use of multiplex assays for the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the soluble cytokine receptors sCD30, sCD163, sgp130, sIL-6 receptor-α (sIL-6R), sTNFRI and sTNFRII. Results TNF-α and soluble cytokine receptor AH levels were significantly higher in uveitis patients (n = 45) compared with controls (n = 9). When nongranulomatous uveitis (BD and HLA-B27-associated uveitis) was compared with granulomatous uveitis (sarcoidosis and VKH disease), the levels of sCD30 and sTNFRI/TNF-α and sTNFRII/TNF-α ratios were significantly enhanced in granulomatous uveitis. Finally, when comparing the profile in the specific uveitis entities, sCD30 levels were highest in patients with VKH disease. sgp130, sCD163, sIL-6R, sTNFRI and sTNFRII did not differ significantly between the four different clinical uveitic subgroups. Conclusions Soluble cytokine receptors are significantly upregulated in autoimmune uveitis. CD30+ T cells might contribute to the inflammatory process in granulomatous uveitis, particularly in VKH disease. Granulomatous uveitis is also characterized by significantly higher sTNFRs/TNF-α ratios than nongranulomatous uveitis.
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Wang C, Ming B, Wu X, Wu T, Cai S, Hu P, Tang J, Tan Z, Liu C, Zhong J, Zheng F, Dong L. Sphingomyelin synthase 1 enhances BCR signaling to promote lupus-like autoimmune response. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:578-587. [PMID: 31262710 PMCID: PMC6642282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) has been reported to participate in hepatitis and atherosclerosis. However, its role in autoimmune response is not clear. This study investigates the possible involvement of SMS1 in B-cell activation and lupus-like autoimmunity. METHODS SMS1 knockout lupus-like animal model and SLE patient samples were utilized. B-cell activation and associated signal transduction were detected by flow cytometry, confocal analysis and western blotting. The SMS1 expression in B cells was measured by real-time qPCR. FINDINGS SMS1 deficiency suppressed B-cell activation in culture, which was restored by exogenous SM supplementation. The BCR-mediated early signal transduction including the colocalization of BCR with F-actin or pY/pBtk, and the phosphorylation of intracellular Fyn and Syk were impaired in SMS1 knockout B cells. Furthermore, SMS1 knockout mice showed reduced production and deposition of autoantibodies, accompanied by less severe kidney pathological changes after pristane induction. SMS1 deficiency also displayed lower autoantibody titers and 24 h urine protein excretion in bm12-induced lupus, which were associated with reduced B-cell activation. Adoptively transferred wide-type B cells partially recovered B-cell activation and autoantibody production in SMS1 deficient bm12-induced lupus mice. Moreover, the SMS1 mRNA level in B cells of SLE patients was increased and positively correlated with the serum anti-dsDNA level, IgG and globulin titers. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that SMS1 is involved in lupus-like autoimmunity via regulating BCR signal transduction and B cell activation. (Word count for the abstract: 230).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Xuefen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Shaozhe Cai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Jungen Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HuBei, China.
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Nakayama H, Nagafuku M, Suzuki A, Iwabuchi K, Inokuchi JI. The regulatory roles of glycosphingolipid-enriched lipid rafts in immune systems. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3921-3942. [PMID: 30320884 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts formed by glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on cellular membranes play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Lactosylceramide (LacCer) forms lipid rafts on plasma and granular membranes of human neutrophils. These LacCer-enriched lipid rafts bind directly to pathogenic components, such as pathogenic fungi-derived β-glucan and Mycobacteria-derived lipoarabinomannan via carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, and mediate innate immune responses to these pathogens. In contrast, a-series and o-series gangliosides form distinct rafts on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, respectively, contributing to the respective functions of these cells and stimulating adaptive immune responses through T cell receptors. These findings suggest that gangliosides play indispensable roles in T cell selection and activation. This Review introduces the involvement of GSL-enriched lipid rafts in innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan.,Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan.,Infection Control Nursing, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Inokuchi JI, Inamori KI, Kabayama K, Nagafuku M, Uemura S, Go S, Suzuki A, Ohno I, Kanoh H, Shishido F. Biology of GM3 Ganglioside. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:151-195. [PMID: 29747813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful molecular cloning in 1998 of GM3 synthase (GM3S, ST3GAL5), the enzyme responsible for initiating biosynthesis of all complex gangliosides, the efforts of our research group have been focused on clarifying the physiological and pathological implications of gangliosides, particularly GM3. We have identified isoforms of GM3S proteins having distinctive lengths of N-terminal cytoplasmic tails, and found that these cytoplasmic tails define subcellular localization, stability, and in vivo activity of GM3S isoforms. Our studies of the molecular pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, focused on interaction between insulin receptor and GM3 in membrane microdomains, led to a novel concept: type 2 diabetes and certain other lifestyle-related diseases are membrane microdomain disorders resulting from aberrant expression of gangliosides. This concept has enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of GM3 and related gangliosides in various diseases involving chronic inflammation, such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and T-cell function and immune disorders (e.g., allergic asthma). We also demonstrated an essential role of GM3 in murine and human auditory systems; a common pathological feature of GM3S deficiency is deafness. This is the first direct link reported between gangliosides and auditory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumi Shishido
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Elevated Serum Levels of Soluble CD30 in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients and Its Association with Disease Severity-Related Parameters. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:617282. [PMID: 26273636 PMCID: PMC4529931 DOI: 10.1155/2015/617282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluble CD30 (sCD30), a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, has been shown to be associated with various pathological conditions. This study was designed to measure the levels of serum sCD30 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to evaluate the relationships between serum sCD30 levels and other disease severity-related indexes, including bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), and bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI). Our results demonstrated significantly elevated sCD30 levels in AS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs) with mean values of 32.0 ± 12.2 and 24.9 ± 8.0 ng/mL, respectively (P** = 0.007), suggesting a potential role of sCD30 in the pathogenesis of AS. However, no significant correlations of sCD30 with BASDAI, ASDAS, or BASFI were detected in our study (P > 0.05). Therefore, sCD30 cannot be used as a reliable marker for reflecting disease activity and functional ability of AS patients.
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Liu CC, Kao AH, Manzi S, Ahearn JM. Biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: challenges and prospects for the future. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2013; 5:210-33. [PMID: 23904865 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x13485503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for lupus biomarkers to diagnose, monitor, stratify, and predict individual response to therapy is currently more intense than ever before. This effort is essential for several reasons. First, epidemic overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis of lupus, even by certified rheumatologists, leads to errors in therapy with concomitant side effects which may be more serious than the disease itself. Second, identification of lupus flares remains as much an art as it is a science. Third, the capacity to stratify patients so as to predict those who will develop specific patterns of organ involvement is not currently possible but would potentially lead to preventive therapeutic strategies. Fourth, only one new drug for the treatment of lupus has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in over 50 years. A major obstacle in this pipeline is the dearth of biomarkers available to prove a patient has responded to an experimental therapeutic intervention. This review will summarize the challenges faced in the discovery and validation of lupus biomarkers, the most promising lupus biomarkers identified to date, and the promise of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ching Liu
- Allegheny Singer Research Institute,Temple University School of Medicine,320 East North Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
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Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus. Transl Res 2012; 159:326-42. [PMID: 22424435 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The urgent need for lupus biomarkers was demonstrated in September 2011 during a Workshop sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration: Potential Biomarkers Predictive of Disease Flare. After 2 days of discussion and more than 2 dozen presentations from thought leaders in both industry and academia, it became apparent that highly sought biomarkers to predict lupus flare have not yet been identified. Even short of the elusive biomarker of flare, few biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis, monitoring, and stratification have been validated and employed for making clinical decisions. This lack of reliable, specific biomarkers for SLE hampers proper clinical management of patients with SLE and impedes development of new lupus therapeutics. As such, the intensity of investigation to identify lupus biomarkers is climbing a steep trajectory, lending cautious optimism that a validated panel of biomarkers for lupus diagnosis, monitoring, stratification, and prediction of flare may soon be in hand.
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CD4 and CD8 T cells require different membrane gangliosides for activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E336-42. [PMID: 22308377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1114965109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial events of T-cell activation involve movement of the T-cell receptor into lipid rafts. Gangliosides are major components of lipid rafts. While investigating T-cell activation in ganglioside-deficient mice, we observed that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells required different ganglioside subsets for activation. Activation of CD4(+) T cells from GM3 synthase-null mice, deficient in GM3-derived gangliosides, is severely compromised, whereas CD8(+) T-cell activation is normal. Conversely, in cells from GM2/GD2 synthase-null mice, expressing only GM3 and GD3, CD4(+) T-cell activation is normal, whereas CD8(+) T-cell activation is deficient. Supplementing the cells with the corresponding missing gangliosides restores normal activation. GM3 synthase-null mice do not develop experimental asthma. Distinct expression patterns of ganglioside species in CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells, perhaps in uniquely functional lipid rafts, define immune functions in each T-cell subset. Control of ganglioside expression would offer a strategy targeting for specific T-cell subpopulations to treat immune diseases.
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Croft M, Duan W, Choi H, Eun SY, Madireddi S, Mehta A. TNF superfamily in inflammatory disease: translating basic insights. Trends Immunol 2011; 33:144-52. [PMID: 22169337 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor superfamilies (TNFSF and TNFRSF) consist of approximately 50 membrane and soluble proteins that can modulate cellular function. Most of these molecules are expressed by or can target cells of the immune system, and they have a wide range of actions including promoting cellular differentiation, survival, and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Emerging data show that TNFSF ligand-receptor signaling pathways are active in inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Furthermore, several genetic polymorphisms in TNFSF and TNFRSF associate with susceptibility to developing disease. Here, we examine recent data regarding the potential of these molecules as targets for therapy of autoimmune and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Immune Regulation, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Glycosphingolipids and Kidney Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 721:121-38. [PMID: 21910086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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