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Patwari A, Kumar A, Bakli C, Chakraborty S. Non-monotonic variation in the streaming potential in polyelectrolyte grafted nanochannels mediated by ion partitioning effects. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1321:342997. [PMID: 39155106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyelectrolyte grafted 'soft' nanochannels are known to enhance electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency, paving the way for a sustainable energy harvesting mechanism. However, the true potential of their efficacy remains to be tapped, as attributed to a deficit in accounting for the interplay between solution pH and ion partitioning effect arising due to permittivity contrast between the coated layer and the bulk media, leading to predictions of an erroneous ionic distribution and a wrongly estimated electrokinetic response. RESULTS We unravel the electrokinetic behavior of a pH-regulated zwitterionic polyelectrolyte layer grafted nanofluidic system. To this end, we derive a detailed theoretical formulation that considers the nuanced interplay between solution pH and the ion partitioning effect through a thermodynamically consistent ionic distribution. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a non-monotonic trend in the streaming potential with an increase in the ion partitioning effect, in contrast to a monotonic increase as reported previously. Additionally, we identify a critical permittivity ratio specific to the solution pH at which maximum streaming potential can be obtained. SIGNIFICANCE We shed light on the counterintuitive effect borne from the increased ion partitioning effect, unveiling a hitherto hidden facet of electrokinetics. By elucidating the delicate balance between solution pH, ion partitioning effect, and polyelectrolyte charge, our findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interplay shaping soft-electrokinetic systems, thereby paving the way for transformative advancements in energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Patwari
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Chirodeep Bakli
- Thermofluidics and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Systems Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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OU JY, LIU FL, CHEN CL, FANG MC, HUANG CH. Immunomodulatory effects of Ulva-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and residues in a murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:128-134. [PMID: 38562547 PMCID: PMC10981946 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ulva, an edible green alga, contains sulfated polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-allergic effects of Ulva-derived samples of polysaccharides (UP), oligosaccharides (UO), and residues (UR) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Oral treatment of mice with UP, UO, and UR (250 mg/kg body weight) daily noticeably improved the DTH reaction as evidenced by attenuation of footpad swelling and cell infiltration at the allergen-challenge site. Although the Ulva samples had limited impacts on the production of serum total IgG, decreased concentrations of allergen-specific IgG and IgG2a and an increased concentration of IgG1 were observed in the treated mice. Moreover, treatment with them suppressed allergen-induced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and elevated IL-4 secretion. However, none of the Ulva sample treatments could modulate the production of IL-10. Concordantly, the in situ data reveal that the Ulva sample treatments suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α expression at the allergen-injection site. These findings collectively suggest the potential of UP, UO, and UR as functional food candidates for the management of delayed-type hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi OU
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No.2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling LIU
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No.2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Li CHEN
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No.2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih FANG
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No.2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiung HUANG
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No.2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National
Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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3
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Song Y, Li S, Gong H, Yip RCS, Chen H. Biopharmaceutical applications of microbial polysaccharides as materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124259. [PMID: 37003381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological characteristics of natural polymers make microbial polysaccharides an excellent choice for biopharmaceuticals. Due to its easy purifying procedure and high production efficiency, it is capable of resolving the existing application issues associated with some plant and animal polysaccharides. Furthermore, microbial polysaccharides are recognized as prospective substitutes for these polysaccharides based on the search for eco-friendly chemicals. In this review, the microstructure and properties of microbial polysaccharides are utilized to highlight their characteristics and potential medical applications. From the standpoint of pathogenic processes, in-depth explanations are provided on the effects of microbial polysaccharides as active ingredients in the treatment of human diseases, anti-aging, and drug delivery. In addition, the scholarly developments and commercial applications of microbial polysaccharides as medical raw materials are also discussed. The conclusion is that understanding the use of microbial polysaccharides in biopharmaceuticals is essential for the future development of pharmacology and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Shuxin Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hao Gong
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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4
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Khan R, Shah MD, Shah L, Lee PC, Khan I. Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031935. [PMID: 36407542 PMCID: PMC9671505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides are unique due to their higher purity, hydrophilic nature, and a finer three-dimensional fibrous structure. Primarily, these polymers provide protection, support, and energy to the microorganism, however, more recently several auxiliary properties of these biopolymers have been unmasked. Microbial polysaccharides have shown therapeutic abilities against various illnesses, augmented the healing abilities of the herbal and Western medicines, improved overall health of the host, and have exerted positive impact on the growth of gut dwelling beneficial bacteria. Specifically, the review is discussing the mechanism through which bacterial polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, they are holding promising application in the 3D printing. The review is also discussing a perspective about the metagenome-based screening of polysaccharides, their integration with other cutting-edge tools, and synthetic microbiome base intervention of polysaccharides as a strategy for prebiotic intervention. This review has collected interesting information about the bacterial polysaccharides from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Up to our knowledge, this is the first of its kind review article that is summarizing therapeutic, prebiotics, and commercial application of bacterial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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5
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Sharma VK, Liu X, Oyarzún DA, Abdel-Azeem AM, Atanasov AG, Hesham AEL, Barik SK, Gupta VK, Singh BN. Microbial polysaccharides: An emerging family of natural biomaterials for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:706-731. [PMID: 34062265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) offer immense diversity in structural and functional properties. They are extensively used in advance biomedical science owing to their superior biodegradability, hemocompatibility, and capability to imitate the natural extracellular matrix microenvironment. Ease in tailoring, inherent bio-activity, distinct mucoadhesiveness, ability to absorb hydrophobic drugs, and plentiful availability of MPs make them prolific green biomaterials to overcome the significant constraints of cancer chemotherapeutics. Many studies have demonstrated their application to obstruct tumor development and extend survival through immune activation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest by MPs. Synoptic investigations of MPs are compulsory to decode applied basics in recent inclinations towards cancer regimens. The current review focuses on the anticancer properties of commercially available and newly explored MPs, and outlines their direct and indirect mode of action. The review also highlights cutting-edge MPs-based drug delivery systems to augment the specificity and efficiency of available chemotherapeutics, as well as their emerging role in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Kumari N, Kumar M, Radha, Lorenzo JM, Sharma D, Puri S, Pundir A, Dhumal S, Bhuyan DJ, Jayanthy G, Selim S, Abdel-Wahab BA, Chandran D, Anitha T, Deshmukh VP, Pandiselvam R, Dey A, Senapathy M, Rajalingam S, Mohankumar P, Kennedy JF. Onion and garlic polysaccharides: A review on extraction, characterization, bioactivity, and modifications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:1047-1061. [PMID: 35914557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allium cepa (onion) and Allium sativum (garlic) are important members of the Amaryllidaceae (Alliaceae) family and are being used both as food and medicine for centuries in different parts of the world. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts of onion and garlic such as bulb, straw and cell wall. The current literature portrays several studies on the extraction of polysaccharides from onion and garlic, their modification and determination of their structural (molecular weight, monosaccharide unit and their arrangement, type and position of glycosidic bond or linkage, degree of polymerization, chain conformation) and functional properties (emulsifying property, moisture retention, hygroscopicity, thermal stability, foaming ability, fat-binding capacity). In this line, this review, summarizes the various extraction techniques used for polysaccharides from onion and garlic, involving methods like solvent extraction method. Furthermore, the antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties of onion and garlic polysaccharides as reported in in vivo and in vitro studies is also critically assessed in this review. Different studies have proved onion and garlic polysaccharides as potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory agent. Studies have implemented to improve the functionality of onion and garlic polysaccharides through various modification approaches. Further studies are warranted for utilizing onion and garlic polysaccharides in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - G Jayanthy
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, India
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 7111, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - Vishal P Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Division of Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod, Kerala 671124, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | - Sureshkumar Rajalingam
- Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pran Mohankumar
- School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
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Guo Y, Bera H, Shi C, Zhang L, Cun D, Yang M. Pharmaceutical strategies to extend pulmonary exposure of inhaled medicines. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2565-2584. [PMID: 34522598 PMCID: PMC8424368 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary administration route has been extensively exploited for the treatment of local lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections, and systemic diseases such as diabetes. Most inhaled medicines could be cleared rapidly from the lungs and their therapeutic effects are transit. The inhaled medicines with extended pulmonary exposure may not only improve the patient compliance by reducing the frequency of drug administration, but also enhance the clinical benefits to the patients with improved therapeutic outcomes. This article systematically reviews the physical and chemical strategies to extend the pulmonary exposure of the inhaled medicines. It starts with an introduction of various physiological and pathophysiological barriers for designing inhaled medicines with extended lung exposure, which is followed by recent advances in various strategies to overcome these barriers. Finally, the applications of the inhaled medicines with extended lung exposure for the treatment of various diseases and the safety concerns associated to various strategies to extend the pulmonary exposure of the inhaled medicines are summarized.
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Key Words
- ALIS, amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
- CS, chitosan
- DPIs, dry powder inhalers
- DPPC, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- DSPC, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- Da, aerodynamic diameters
- ELF, epithelial lining fluid
- FDA, US food and drug administration
- FDKP, fumaryl diketopiperazine
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- IL-4, interleukin-4
- IL-5, interleukin-5
- Inhaled sustained release formulations
- LABA, long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist
- LPPs, large porous particles
- Local lung diseases
- MCE, mucociliary escalator
- MDIs, metered dose inhalers
- MP, mucoadhesive particles
- MPP, mucus-penetrating particles
- MW, molecular weight
- Mn, number-average molecular weight
- NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers
- PCL, poly-ε-caprolactone
- PDD, pulmonary drug delivery
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PLA, polylactic acid
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- Pharmaceutical strategies
- Pulmonary clearance pathways
- Pulmonary drug delivery
- Pulmonary exposure
- Pulmonary safety
- SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles
- Systemic diseases
- Tmax, time of maximum concentration
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changzhi Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 24 23986165.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Zenobia C, Herpoldt KL, Freire M. Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases? NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:80. [PMID: 34078913 PMCID: PMC8172910 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues act as a barrier throughout the oral, nasopharyngeal, lung, and intestinal systems, offering first-line protection against potential pathogens. Conventionally, vaccines are applied parenterally to induce serotype-dependent humoral response but fail to drive adequate mucosal immune protection for viral infections such as influenza, HIV, and coronaviruses. Oral mucosa, however, provides a vast immune repertoire against specific microbial pathogens and yet is shaped by an ever-present microbiome community that has co-evolved with the host over thousands of years. Adjuvants targeting mucosal T-cells abundant in oral tissues can promote soluble-IgA (sIgA)-specific protection to confer increased vaccine efficacy. Th17 cells, for example, are at the center of cell-mediated immunity and evidence demonstrates that protection against heterologous pathogen serotypes is achieved with components from the oral microbiome. At the point of entry where pathogens are first encountered, typically the oral or nasal cavity, the mucosal surfaces are layered with bacterial cohabitants that continually shape the host immune profile. Constituents of the oral microbiome including their lipids, outer membrane vesicles, and specific proteins, have been found to modulate the Th17 response in the oral mucosa, playing important roles in vaccine and adjuvant designs. Currently, there are no approved adjuvants for the induction of Th17 protection, and it is critical that this research is included in the preparedness for the current and future pandemics. Here, we discuss the potential of oral commensals, and molecules derived thereof, to induce Th17 activity and provide safer and more predictable options in adjuvant engineering to prevent emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Freire
- Departments of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Seeberger PH. Discovery of Semi- and Fully-Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections Using a Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3598-3626. [PMID: 33794090 PMCID: PMC8154330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system results in destruction of the invaders. To elicit a protective immune response, polysaccharides either isolated from the bacterial cell surface or conjugated with a carrier protein, for T-cell help, are administered. Conjugate vaccines based on isolated carbohydrates currently protect millions of people against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitides infections. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly discovered by medicinal chemistry and synthetic in origin, rather than isolated from natural sources. Converting vaccines from biologicals to pharmaceuticals requires a fundamental understanding of how the human immune system recognizes carbohydrates and could now be realized. To illustrate the chemistry-based approach to vaccine discovery, I summarize efforts focusing on synthetic glycan-based medicinal chemistry to understand the mammalian antiglycan immune response and define glycan epitopes for novel synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other bacteria. The chemical tools described here help us gain fundamental insights into how the human system recognizes carbohydrates and drive the discovery of carbohydrate vaccines.
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Cantarelli C, Guglielmo C, Hartzell S, Salem FE, Andrighetto S, Gazivoda VP, Fiaccadori E, La Manna G, Zaza G, Leventhal J, Tassiulas I, Cravedi P. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Ameliorates Murine Lupus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2695. [PMID: 31824490 PMCID: PMC6879550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines encourage administering pneumococcal vaccine Prevnar-13 to patients with lupus, but whether such vaccinations affect disease severity is unclear. To address this issue, we treated 3-month-old MRL-lpr mice, that spontaneously develop a lupus-like syndrome, with Prevnar-13 or vehicle control. After 3 months, we quantified circulating anti-Pneumococcal polysaccharide capsule (PPS) antibodies and signs of disease severity, including albuminuria, renal histology and skin severity score. We also compared immunophenotypes and function of T and B cells from treated and untreated animals. Prevnar-13 elicited the formation of anti-pneumococcal IgM and IgG. Prevnar-13 treated animals showed reduced albuminuria, renal histological lesions, and milder dermatitis compared to vehicle-treated controls. Mitigated disease severity was associated with reduced and increased T follicular helper cells (TFH) and T follicular regulatory cells (TFR), respectively, in Prevnar-treated animals. T cells from Prevnar-13 vaccinated mice showed differential cytokine production after aCD3/aCD28 stimulation, with significantly decreased IL-17 and IL-4, and increased IL-10 production compared to non-vaccinated mice. In conclusion, pneumococcal vaccination elicits anti-pneumococcal antibody response and ameliorates disease severity in MRL-lpr mice, which associates with fewer TFH and increased TFR. Together, the data support use of Prevnar vaccination in individuals with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cantarelli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Unità Operativa Complessa di Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Guglielmo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fadi El Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sofia Andrighetto
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Victor P Gazivoda
- Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeremy Leventhal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ioannis Tassiulas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Potential of glucans as vaccine adjuvants: A review of the α-glucans case. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Neff CP, Rhodes ME, Arnolds KL, Collins CB, Donnelly J, Nusbacher N, Jedlicka P, Schneider JM, McCarter MD, Shaffer M, Mazmanian SK, Palmer BE, Lozupone CA. Diverse Intestinal Bacteria Contain Putative Zwitterionic Capsular Polysaccharides with Anti-inflammatory Properties. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:535-547. [PMID: 27693306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides (ZPSs) are bacterial products that modulate T cells, including inducing anti-inflammatory IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells (Tregs). However, only a few diverse bacteria are known to modulate the host immune system via ZPS. We present a genomic screen for bacteria encoding ZPS molecules. We identify diverse host-associated bacteria, including commensals and pathogens with known anti-inflammatory properties, with the capacity to produce ZPSs. Human mononuclear cells stimulated with lysates from putative ZPS-producing bacteria induce significantly greater IL-10 production and higher proportions of Tregs than lysates from non-ZPS-encoding relatives or a commensal strain of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in which a putative ZPS biosynthetic operon was genetically disrupted. Similarly, wild-type B. cellulosilyticus DSM 14838, but not a close relative lacking a putative ZPS, attenuated experimental colitis in mice. Collectively, this screen identifies bacterial strains that may use ZPSs to interact with the host as well as those with potential probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Preston Neff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew E Rhodes
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kathleen L Arnolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Colm B Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jody Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nichole Nusbacher
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Catherine A Lozupone
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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13
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Watters C, Fleming D, Bishop D, Rumbaugh KP. Host Responses to Biofilm. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 142:193-239. [PMID: 27571696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From birth to death the human host immune system interacts with bacterial cells. Biofilms are communities of microbes embedded in matrices composed of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and have been implicated in both the healthy microbiome and disease states. The immune system recognizes many different bacterial patterns, molecules, and antigens, but these components can be camouflaged in the biofilm mode of growth. Instead, immune cells come into contact with components of the EPS matrix, a diverse, hydrated mixture of extracellular DNA (bacterial and host), proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. As bacterial cells transition from planktonic to biofilm-associated they produce small molecules, which can increase inflammation, induce cell death, and even cause necrosis. To survive, invading bacteria must overcome the epithelial barrier, host microbiome, complement, and a variety of leukocytes. If bacteria can evade these initial cell populations they have an increased chance at surviving and causing ongoing disease in the host. Planktonic cells are readily cleared, but biofilms reduce the effectiveness of both polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, in the presence of these cells, biofilm formation is actively enhanced, and components of host immune cells are assimilated into the EPS matrix. While pathogenic biofilms contribute to states of chronic inflammation, probiotic Lactobacillus biofilms cause a negligible immune response and, in states of inflammation, exhibit robust antiinflammatory properties. These probiotic biofilms colonize and protect the gut and vagina, and have been implicated in improved healing of damaged skin. Overall, biofilms stimulate a unique immune response that we are only beginning to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Watters
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - D Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - D Bishop
- Wound Infections Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - K P Rumbaugh
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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14
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Sun L, Middleton DR, Wantuch PL, Ozdilek A, Avci FY. Carbohydrates as T-cell antigens with implications in health and disease. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1029-1040. [PMID: 27236197 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is arguably the most ubiquitous post-translational modification on proteins in microbial and mammalian cells. During the past few years, there has been intensive research demonstrating that carbohydrates, either in pure forms or in conjunction with proteins or lipids, evoke and modulate adaptive immune responses. We now know that carbohydrates can be directly recognized by T cells or participate in T-cell stimulation as components of T-cell epitopes. T-cell recognition of carbohydrate antigens takes place via their presentation by major histocompatibility complex pathways on antigen-presenting cells. In this review, we summarize studies on carbohydrates as T-cell antigens modulating adaptive immune responses. Through discussion of glycan-containing antigens, such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, zwitterionic polysaccharides and carbohydrate-based glycoconjugate vaccines, we will illustrate the key molecular and cellular interactions between carbohydrate antigens and T cells and the implications of these interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dustin R Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Paeton L Wantuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ahmet Ozdilek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Rash NL, Robinson C, DeSouza N, Nair S, Hodgson H, Steward K, Waller AS, Paillot R. Prevalence and disease associations of superantigens szeF, szeN and szeP in the S. zooepidemicus population and possible functional redundancy of szeF. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:481-7. [PMID: 25267286 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) causes a variety of infections in a broad range of species. This study broadens prevalence data for three recently identified novel superantigens (szeF, szeN, and szeP) to define links between their presence and disease type. Screening of 437 strains across 190 sequence types (STs) revealed that 50% of strains contained superantigen genes. Results confirmed that the presence of S. zooepidemicus superantigen genes is significantly associated with non-Strangles lymph node abscessation in the horse (p-value = 0.003) and their absence is associated with uterine infection/abortion (p-value = 0.006). This study also investigated the lack of mitogenicity observed in szeF only. Results show that szeF is polymorphic, with 23 different alleles, and mutations altering the protein sequence. Gene expression differences are not responsible for lack of mitogenic activity in these strains. Taken together, these findings suggest that superantigens are important for S. zooepidemicus pathogenesis but SzeF probably has little involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Rash
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - C Robinson
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - N DeSouza
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - S Nair
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - H Hodgson
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - K Steward
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - A S Waller
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK
| | - R Paillot
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
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16
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Schumann B, Pragani R, Anish C, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. Synthesis of conjugation-ready zwitterionic oligosaccharides by chemoselective thioglycoside activation. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A method to chemoselectively activate thioglycosides in the presence of thioethers is developed and applied in the total synthesis of repeating units of S. pneumoniae Sp1 and B. fragilis PS A1. Biochemical evaluation of these glycans is performed after conjugation to reporter moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Schumann
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Pragani
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C. Anish
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - C. L. Pereira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - P. H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin, Germany
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17
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18
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Trück J, Lazarus R, Clutterbuck EA, Bowman J, Kibwana E, Bateman EA, Pollard AJ. The zwitterionic type I Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide does not induce memory B cell formation in humans. Immunobiology 2013; 218:368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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