1
|
Liu C, Angius F, Pol A, Mesman RA, Versantvoort W, Op den Camp HJM. Identification and characterization of an abundant lipoprotein from Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:261. [PMID: 37306788 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are characterized by the presence of a conserved N-terminal lipid-modified cysteine residue that allows the hydrophilic protein to anchor into bacterial cell membranes. These lipoproteins play essential roles in a wide variety of physiological processes. Based on transcriptome analysis of the verrucomicrobial methanotroph Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV, we identified a highly expressed lipoprotein, WP_009060351 (139 amino acids), in its genome. The first 86 amino acids are specific for the methanotrophic genera Methylacidiphilum and Methylacidmicrobium, while the last 53 amino acids are present only in lipoproteins of members from the phylum Verrucomicrobiota (Hedlund). Heterologous expression of WP_009060351 in Escherichia coli revealed a 25-kDa dimeric protein and a 60-kDa tetrameric protein. Immunoblotting showed that WP_009060351 was present in the total membrane protein and peptidoglycan fractions of M. fumariolicum SolV. The results suggest an involvement of lipoprotein WP_009060351 in the linkage between the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Angius
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Pol
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A Mesman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Versantvoort
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub J M Op den Camp
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alp D. Strain-dependent effectivity, and protective role against enzymes of S-layers in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:555-567. [PMID: 35302654 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the surface layer (S-layer), which is known to have a varying effect from strain to strain on aggregation, adhesion ability, also has an effect on the resistance of bacteria to digestive enzymes, phenol, lysozymes. The effect of S-layers on the resistance against various enzymes, aggregation and adhesion abilities, and strain specificity were determined of eight Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains. Strains were treated with 5 M lithium chloride (LiCl) to extract the S-layers, the presence of this layer in those microorganisms was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the separation of the S-layer, which surrounds the microorganism, from the microorganism by the LiCl. The images were taken three times, once at the beginning, once 30 min later, and once at the end of this process, which took 2 h in total. The effect against enzymes varied depending on the strain, but it was determined that all the tested strains had a serious loss of viability against phenol in the absence of an S-layer. Lpb. plantarum DA100 showed a maximum decrease against gastrointestinal system enzymes after the LiCl (96.48 ± 0.03% before and 66.46 ± 0.01% after LiCl). Lpb. plantarum DA255 showed a significant decrease against lysozyme (99.11 ± 0.00% before and 62.80 ± 0.0% after LiCl). Removal of the S-layer greatly affected the adhesion ability of some strains, while for others there was hardly any change. The results showed that the role of the S-layer may be strain-specific, the rate of effect can vary. The primary function of S-layer proteins is thought to contribute to the adhesion ability of bacteria. There are limited studies that have reported the protective property of this layer against various enzymes, however, our results showed that S-layer could be one of the resistance strategies developed by bacteria against enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Alp
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gambelli L, Mesman R, Versantvoort W, Diebolder CA, Engel A, Evers W, Jetten MSM, Pabst M, Daum B, van Niftrik L. The Polygonal Cell Shape and Surface Protein Layer of Anaerobic Methane-Oxidizing Methylomirabilis lanthanidiphila Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:766527. [PMID: 34925275 PMCID: PMC8671808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylomirabilis bacteria perform anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to nitrite reduction via an intra-aerobic pathway, producing carbon dioxide and dinitrogen gas. These diderm bacteria possess an unusual polygonal cell shape with sharp ridges that run along the cell body. Previously, a putative surface protein layer (S-layer) was observed as the outermost cell layer of these bacteria. We hypothesized that this S-layer is the determining factor for their polygonal cell shape. Therefore, we enriched the S-layer from M. lanthanidiphila cells and through LC-MS/MS identified a 31 kDa candidate S-layer protein, mela_00855, which had no homology to any other known protein. Antibodies were generated against a synthesized peptide derived from the mela_00855 protein sequence and used in immunogold localization to verify its identity and location. Both on thin sections of M. lanthanidiphila cells and in negative-stained enriched S-layer patches, the immunogold localization identified mela_00855 as the S-layer protein. Using electron cryo-tomography and sub-tomogram averaging of S-layer patches, we observed that the S-layer has a hexagonal symmetry. Cryo-tomography of whole cells showed that the S-layer and the outer membrane, but not the peptidoglycan layer and the cytoplasmic membrane, exhibited the polygonal shape. Moreover, the S-layer consisted of multiple rigid sheets that partially overlapped, most likely giving rise to the unique polygonal cell shape. These characteristics make the S-layer of M. lanthanidiphila a distinctive and intriguing case to study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Gambelli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Mesman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Versantvoort
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christoph A Diebolder
- Netherlands Centre for Electron Nanoscopy (NeCEN), Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Engel
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Wiel Evers
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Bertram Daum
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wagstaff BA, Zorzoli A, Dorfmueller HC. NDP-rhamnose biosynthesis and rhamnosyltransferases: building diverse glycoconjugates in nature. Biochem J 2021; 478:685-701. [PMID: 33599745 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnose is an important 6-deoxy sugar present in many natural products, glycoproteins, and structural polysaccharides. Whilst predominantly found as the l-enantiomer, instances of d-rhamnose are also found in nature, particularly in the Pseudomonads bacteria. Interestingly, rhamnose is notably absent from humans and other animals, which poses unique opportunities for drug discovery targeted towards rhamnose utilizing enzymes from pathogenic bacteria. Whilst the biosynthesis of nucleotide-activated rhamnose (NDP-rhamnose) is well studied, the study of rhamnosyltransferases that synthesize rhamnose-containing glycoconjugates is the current focus amongst the scientific community. In this review, we describe where rhamnose has been found in nature, as well as what is known about TDP-β-l-rhamnose, UDP-β-l-rhamnose, and GDP-α-d-rhamnose biosynthesis. We then focus on examples of rhamnosyltransferases that have been characterized using both in vivo and in vitro approaches from plants and bacteria, highlighting enzymes where 3D structures have been obtained. The ongoing study of rhamnose and rhamnosyltransferases, in particular in pathogenic organisms, is important to inform future drug discovery projects and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Wagstaff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, U.K
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Azul Zorzoli
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Helge C Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alp D, Kuleaşan H, Korkut Altıntaş A. The importance of the S-layer on the adhesion and aggregation ability of Lactic acid bacteria. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3449-3457. [PMID: 32279212 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
S-layer proteins in Lactic acid bacteria are not the only cell surface structures used for aggregation, but also plays significant role for intestinal tissue adhesion along with some other functional elements. In addition, it was determined that the properties of S-layer proteins differs not only between species but also the strains which belong to same species. In this work, presence and some functions of S-layer in lactic acid bacteria were determined, its effect on resistance to gastrointestinal enzymes, aggregation and adhesion ability were investigated as well. For this purpose S-layers of microorganisms were removed by 5 M LiCl treatment and size of the proteins were determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. The removal of S-layer proteins caused a change in the resistance of microorganisms to GIS enzymes. After the S-layer removal, two strains considerably lost their resistance to GIS enzymes. The strains mostly lost their aggregation ability in the absence of S-layer. The results showed that S-layer proteins are not the only structures involved in aggregation processes but, is a major mediator in Lactobacilli. Removal of S-layer had no effect on adhesion ability of W. cibaria DA28, the effect on L. casei DA4, L. coryniformis DA263 and L. plantarum DA140 was moderate, but the effect was high on L. plantarum DA100. The study showed that S-layer proteins play limited protection against GIS enzymes. In addition, absence of S-layer adversely affected aggregation and adhesion ability of strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Alp
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Kuleaşan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aylin Korkut Altıntaş
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pereira SB, Sousa A, Santos M, Araújo M, Serôdio F, Granja P, Tamagnini P. Strategies to Obtain Designer Polymers Based on Cyanobacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5693. [PMID: 31739392 PMCID: PMC6888056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers derived from polysaccharides are a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to the synthetic counterparts available in the market. Due to their distinctive properties, the cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), mainly composed of heteropolysaccharides, emerge as a valid alternative to address several biotechnological and biomedical challenges. Nevertheless, biotechnological/biomedical applications based on cyanobacterial EPS have only recently started to emerge. For the successful exploitation of cyanobacterial EPS, it is important to strategically design the polymers, either by genetic engineering of the producing strains or by chemical modification of the polymers. This requires a better understanding of the EPS biosynthetic pathways and their relationship with central metabolism, as well as to exploit the available polymer functionalization chemistries. Considering all this, we provide an overview of the characteristics and biological activities of cyanobacterial EPS, discuss the challenges and opportunities to improve the amount and/or characteristics of the polymers, and report the most relevant advances on the use of cyanobacterial EPS as scaffolds, coatings, and vehicles for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Serôdio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granja
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zorzoli A, Meyer BH, Adair E, Torgov VI, Veselovsky VV, Danilov LL, Uhrin D, Dorfmueller HC. Group A, B, C, and G Streptococcus Lancefield antigen biosynthesis is initiated by a conserved α-d-GlcNAc-β-1,4-l-rhamnosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15237-15256. [PMID: 31506299 PMCID: PMC6802508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A carbohydrate (GAC) is a bacterial peptidoglycan-anchored surface rhamnose polysaccharide (RhaPS) that is essential for growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and contributes to its ability to infect the human host. In this study, using molecular and synthetic biology approaches, biochemistry, radiolabeling techniques, and NMR and MS analyses, we examined the role of GacB, encoded in the S. pyogenes GAC gene cluster, in the GAC biosynthesis pathway. We demonstrate that GacB is the first characterized α-d-GlcNAc-β-1,4-l-rhamnosyltransferase that synthesizes the committed step in the biosynthesis of the GAC virulence determinant. Importantly, the substitution of S. pyogenes gacB with the homologous gene from Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (Group C Streptococcus), Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (Group G Streptococcus), or Streptococcus mutans complemented the GAC biosynthesis pathway. These results, combined with those from extensive in silico studies, reveal a common phylogenetic origin of the genes required for this priming step in >40 pathogenic species of the Streptococcus genus, including members from the Lancefield Groups B, C, D, E, G, and H. Importantly, this priming step appears to be unique to streptococcal ABC transporter–dependent RhaPS biosynthesis, whereas the Wzx/Wzy-dependent streptococcal capsular polysaccharide pathways instead require an α-d-Glc-β-1,4-l-rhamnosyltransferase. The insights into the RhaPS priming step obtained here open the door to targeting the early steps of the group carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways in species of the Streptococcus genus of high clinical and veterinary importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azul Zorzoli
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin H Meyer
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Adair
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir I Torgov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Veselovsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Leonid L Danilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Dusan Uhrin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helge C Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pereira SB, Santos M, Leite JP, Flores C, Eisfeld C, Büttel Z, Mota R, Rossi F, De Philippis R, Gales L, Morais‐Cabral JH, Tamagnini P. The role of the tyrosine kinase Wzc (Sll0923) and the phosphatase Wzb (Slr0328) in the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Synechocystis PCC 6803. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00753. [PMID: 30675753 PMCID: PMC6562117 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cyanobacteria produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) mainly composed of heteropolysaccharides with unique characteristics that make them suitable for biotechnological applications. However, manipulation/optimization of EPS biosynthesis/characteristics is hindered by a poor understanding of the production pathways and the differences between bacterial species. In this work, genes putatively related to different pathways of cyanobacterial EPS polymerization, assembly, and export were targeted for deletion or truncation in the unicellular Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. No evident phenotypic changes were observed for some mutants in genes occurring in multiple copies in Synechocystis genome, namely ∆wzy (∆sll0737), ∆wzx (∆sll5049), ∆kpsM (∆slr2107), and ∆kpsM∆wzy (∆slr2107∆sll0737), strongly suggesting functional redundancy. In contrast, Δwzc (Δsll0923) and Δwzb (Δslr0328) influenced both the amount and composition of the EPS, establishing that Wzc participates in the production of capsular (CPS) and released (RPS) polysaccharides, and Wzb affects RPS production. The structure of Wzb was solved (2.28 Å), revealing structural differences relative to other phosphatases involved in EPS production and suggesting a different substrate recognition mechanism. In addition, Wzc showed the ATPase and autokinase activities typical of bacterial tyrosine kinases. Most importantly, Wzb was able to dephosphorylate Wzc in vitro, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a role in cyanobacterial EPS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Pereira
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Marina Santos
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarPortoPortugal
| | - José P. Leite
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarPortoPortugal
| | - Carlos Flores
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarPortoPortugal
| | - Carina Eisfeld
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Present address:
Department of Water ManagementDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Zsófia Büttel
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Present address:
Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rita Mota
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Luís Gales
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarPortoPortugal
| | - João H. Morais‐Cabral
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S ‐ Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de BiologiaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Richards E, Bouché L, Panico M, Arbeloa A, Vinogradov E, Morris H, Wren B, Logan SM, Dell A, Fairweather NF. The S-layer protein of a Clostridium difficile SLCT-11 strain displays a complex glycan required for normal cell growth and morphology. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18123-18137. [PMID: 30275012 PMCID: PMC6254364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that causes major health challenges worldwide. It has a well-characterized surface (S)-layer, a para-crystalline proteinaceous layer surrounding the cell wall. In many bacterial and archaeal species, the S-layer is glycosylated, but no such modifications have been demonstrated in C. difficile. Here, we show that a C. difficile strain of S-layer cassette type 11, Ox247, has a complex glycan attached via an O-linkage to Thr-38 of the S-layer low-molecular-weight subunit. Using MS and NMR, we fully characterized this glycan. We present evidence that it is composed of three domains: (i) a core peptide-linked tetrasaccharide with the sequence -4-α-Rha-3-α-Rha-3-α-Rha-3-β-Gal-peptide; (ii) a repeating pentasaccharide with the sequence -4-β-Rha-4-α-Glc-3-β-Rha-4-(α-Rib-3-)β-Rha-; and (iii) a nonreducing end-terminal 2,3 cyclophosphoryl-rhamnose attached to a ribose-branched sub-terminal rhamnose residue. The Ox247 genome contains a 24-kb locus containing genes for synthesis and protein attachment of this glycan. Mutations in genes within this locus altered or completely abrogated formation of this glycan, and their phenotypes suggested that this S-layer modification may affect sporulation, cell length, and biofilm formation of C. difficile In summary, our findings indicate that the S-layer protein of SLCT-11 strains displays a complex glycan and suggest that this glycan is required for C. difficile sporulation and control of cell shape, a discovery with implications for the development of antimicrobials targeting the S-layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Richards
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bouché
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Panico
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Arbeloa
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- the Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Howard Morris
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom,; Biopharmaspec, Suite 3.1, Lido Medical Centre, St. Saviours Road, JE2 7LA Jersey, United Kingdom, and
| | - Brendan Wren
- the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Logan
- the Vaccine Program, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Anne Dell
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom,.
| | - Neil F Fairweather
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom,.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malamud M, Carasi P, Freire T, Serradell MDLA. S-layer glycoprotein from Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 enhances macrophages response to LPS in a Ca+2-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1227-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
11
|
Hollmann A, Delfederico L, Santos NC, Disalvo EA, Semorile L. Interaction of S-layer proteins of Lactobacillus kefir with model membranes and cells. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:117-125. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1281950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hollmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Basic and Applied Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina,
- Laboratory of Biointerfaces and Biomimetic Systems- CITSE – National University of Santiago del Estero and CONICET, Argentina, and
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucrecia Delfederico
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Basic and Applied Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina,
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E. Anibal Disalvo
- Laboratory of Biointerfaces and Biomimetic Systems- CITSE – National University of Santiago del Estero and CONICET, Argentina, and
| | - Liliana Semorile
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Basic and Applied Microbiology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
van Teeseling MCF, Maresch D, Rath CB, Figl R, Altmann F, Jetten MSM, Messner P, Schäffer C, van Niftrik L. The S-Layer Protein of the Anammox Bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Is Heavily O-Glycosylated. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1721. [PMID: 27847504 PMCID: PMC5088730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria are a distinct group of Planctomycetes that are characterized by their unique ability to perform anammox with nitrite to dinitrogen gas in a specialized organelle. The cell of anammox bacteria comprises three membrane-bound compartments and is surrounded by a two-dimensional crystalline S-layer representing the direct interaction zone of anammox bacteria with the environment. Previous results from studies with the model anammox organism Kuenenia stuttgartiensis suggested that the protein monomers building the S-layer lattice are glycosylated. In the present study, we focussed on the characterization of the S-layer protein glycosylation in order to increase our knowledge on the cell surface characteristics of anammox bacteria. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis showed an O-glycan attached to 13 sites distributed over the entire 1591-amino acid S-layer protein. This glycan is composed of six monosaccharide residues, of which five are N-acetylhexosamine (HexNAc) residues. Four of these HexNAc residues have been identified as GalNAc. The sixth monosaccharide in the glycan is a putative dimethylated deoxyhexose. Two of the HexNAc residues were also found to contain a methyl group, thereby leading to an extensive degree of methylation of the glycan. This study presents the first characterization of a glycoprotein in a planctomycete and shows that the S-layer protein Kustd1514 of K. stuttgartiensis is heavily glycosylated with an O-linked oligosaccharide which is additionally modified by methylation. S-layer glycosylation clearly contributes to the diversification of the K. stuttgartiensis cell surface and can be expected to influence the interaction of the bacterium with other cells or abiotic surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel C. F. van Teeseling
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia B. Rath
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Messner
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- NanoGlycobiology Unit, Department of NanoBiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schäffer C, Messner P. Emerging facets of prokaryotic glycosylation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:49-91. [PMID: 27566466 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications occurring in nature, with a wide repertoire of biological implications. Pathways for the main types of this modification, the N- and O-glycosylation, can be found in all three domains of life-the Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea-thereby following common principles, which are valid also for lipopolysaccharides, lipooligosaccharides and glycopolymers. Thus, studies on any glycoconjugate can unravel novel facets of the still incompletely understood fundamentals of protein N- and O-glycosylation. While it is estimated that more than two-thirds of all eukaryotic proteins would be glycosylated, no such estimate is available for prokaryotic glycoproteins, whose understanding is lagging behind, mainly due to the enormous variability of their glycan structures and variations in the underlying glycosylation processes. Combining glycan structural information with bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical and enzymatic data has opened up an avenue for in-depth analyses of glycosylation processes as a basis for glycoengineering endeavours. Here, the common themes of glycosylation are conceptualised for the major classes of prokaryotic (i.e. bacterial and archaeal) glycoconjugates, with a special focus on glycosylated cell-surface proteins. We describe the current knowledge of biosynthesis and importance of these glycoconjugates in selected pathogenic and beneficial microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins related to the last steps of assembly and export of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacteria. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14835. [PMID: 26437902 PMCID: PMC4594306 DOI: 10.1038/srep14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cyanobacteria produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with particular characteristics (e.g. anionic nature and presence of sulfate) that make them suitable for industrial processes such as bioremediation of heavy metals or thickening, suspending or emulsifying agents. Nevertheless, their biosynthetic pathway(s) are still largely unknown, limiting their utilization. In this work, a phylum-wide analysis of genes/proteins putatively involved in the assembly and export of EPS in cyanobacteria was performed. Our results demonstrated that most strains harbor genes encoding proteins related to the three main pathways: Wzy-, ABC transporter-, and Synthase-dependent, but often not the complete set defining one pathway. Multiple gene copies are mainly correlated to larger genomes, and the strains with reduced genomes (e.g. the clade of marine unicellular Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus), seem to have lost most of the EPS-related genes. Overall, the distribution of the different genes/proteins within the cyanobacteria phylum raises the hypothesis that cyanobacterial EPS production may not strictly follow one of the pathways previously characterized. Moreover, for the proteins involved in EPS polymerization, amino acid patterns were defined and validated constituting a novel and robust tool to identify proteins with similar functions and giving a first insight to which polymer biosynthesis they are related to.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer E, Pum D. S-layers: principles and applications. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:823-64. [PMID: 24483139 PMCID: PMC4232325 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomolecular arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits forming surface layers (S-layers) are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope components. S-layers are generally the most abundantly expressed proteins, have been observed in species of nearly every taxonomical group of walled bacteria, and represent an almost universal feature of archaeal envelopes. The isoporous lattices completely covering the cell surface provide organisms with various selection advantages including functioning as protective coats, molecular sieves and ion traps, as structures involved in surface recognition and cell adhesion, and as antifouling layers. S-layers are also identified to contribute to virulence when present as a structural component of pathogens. In Archaea, most of which possess S-layers as exclusive wall component, they are involved in determining cell shape and cell division. Studies on structure, chemistry, genetics, assembly, function, and evolutionary relationship of S-layers revealed considerable application potential in (nano)biotechnology, biomimetics, biomedicine, and synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe B. Sleytr
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Schuster
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Eva‐Maria Egelseer
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Institute of BiophysicsDepartment of NanobiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Prokaryotic glycosylation fulfills an important role in maintaining and protecting the structural integrity and function of the bacterial cell wall, as well as serving as a flexible adaption mechanism to evade environmental and host-induced pressure. The scope of bacterial and archaeal protein glycosylation has considerably expanded over the past decade(s), with numerous examples covering the glycosylation of flagella, pili, glycosylated enzymes, as well as surface-layer proteins. This article addresses structure, analysis, function, genetic basis, biosynthesis, and biomedical and biotechnological applications of cell-envelope glycoconjugates, S-layer glycoprotein glycans, and "nonclassical" secondary-cell wall polysaccharides. The latter group of polymers mediates the important attachment and regular orientation of the S-layer to the cell wall. The structures of these glycopolymers reveal an enormous diversity, resembling the structural variability of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides. While most examples are presented for Gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer glycan of the Gram-negative pathogen Tannerella forsythia is also discussed. In addition, archaeal S-layer glycoproteins are briefly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chaze T, Guillot A, Valot B, Langella O, Chamot-Rooke J, Di Guilmi AM, Trieu-Cuot P, Dramsi S, Mistou MY. O-Glycosylation of the N-terminal region of the serine-rich adhesin Srr1 of Streptococcus agalactiae explored by mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2168-82. [PMID: 24797265 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-rich (Srr) proteins exposed at the surface of Gram-positive bacteria are a family of adhesins that contribute to the virulence of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci. Lectin-binding experiments have previously shown that Srr proteins are heavily glycosylated. We report here the first mass-spectrometry analysis of the glycosylation of Streptococcus agalactiae Srr1. After Srr1 enrichment and trypsin digestion, potential glycopeptides were identified in collision induced dissociation spectra using X! Tandem. The approach was then refined using higher energy collisional dissociation fragmentation which led to the simultaneous loss of sugar residues, production of diagnostic oxonium ions and backbone fragmentation for glycopeptides. This feature was exploited in a new open source software tool (SpectrumFinder) developed for this work. By combining these approaches, 27 glycopeptides corresponding to six different segments of the N-terminal region of Srr1 [93-639] were identified. Our data unambiguously indicate that the same protein residue can be modified with different glycan combinations including N-acetylhexosamine, hexose, and a novel modification that was identified as O-acetylated-N-acetylhexosamine. Lectin binding and monosaccharide composition analysis strongly suggested that HexNAc and Hex correspond to N-acetylglucosamine and glucose, respectively. The same protein segment can be modified with a variety of glycans generating a wide structural diversity of Srr1. Electron transfer dissociation was used to assign glycosylation sites leading to the unambiguous identification of six serines and one threonine residues. Analysis of purified Srr1 produced in mutant strains lacking accessory glycosyltransferase encoding genes demonstrates that O-GlcNAcylation is an initial step in Srr1 glycosylation that is likely required for subsequent decoration with Hex. In summary, our data obtained by a combination of fragmentation mass spectrometry techniques associated to a new software tool, demonstrate glycosylation heterogeneity of Srr1, characterize a new protein modification, and identify six glycosylation sites located in the N-terminal region of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chaze
- From the ‡INRA, MICALIS UMR-1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France; §AgroParisTech, MICALIS UMR-1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France; ¶¶Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alain Guillot
- ¶INRA, PAPPSO, MICALIS UMR-1319, 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- ‖INRA, PAPPSO, Génétique végétale UMR-320, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Langella
- ‖INRA, PAPPSO, Génétique végétale UMR-320, Ferme du Moulon, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- ¶¶Institut Pasteur, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; ‖‖CNRS UMR 3528, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Di Guilmi
- **CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, F-38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- ‡‡Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram+, 28, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; §§Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS ERL3526, Paris, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- ‡‡Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram+, 28, rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; §§Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS ERL3526, Paris, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- From the ‡INRA, MICALIS UMR-1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France; §AgroParisTech, MICALIS UMR-1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The outer surface of many archaea and bacteria is coated with a proteinaceous surface layer (known as an S-layer), which is formed by the self-assembly of monomeric proteins into a regularly spaced, two-dimensional array. Bacteria possess dedicated pathways for the secretion and anchoring of the S-layer to the cell wall, and some Gram-positive species have large S-layer-associated gene families. S-layers have important roles in growth and survival, and their many functions include the maintenance of cell integrity, enzyme display and, in pathogens and commensals, interaction with the host and its immune system. In this Review, we discuss our current knowledge of S-layer and related proteins, including their structures, mechanisms of secretion and anchoring and their diverse functions.
Collapse
|
19
|
van Teeseling MCF, de Almeida NM, Klingl A, Speth DR, Op den Camp HJM, Rachel R, Jetten MSM, van Niftrik L. A new addition to the cell plan of anammox bacteria: "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" has a protein surface layer as the outermost layer of the cell. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:80-9. [PMID: 24142254 PMCID: PMC3911120 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00988-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anammox bacteria perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and have a unique compartmentalized cell consisting of three membrane-bound compartments (from inside outwards): the anammoxosome, riboplasm, and paryphoplasm. The cell envelope of anammox bacteria has been proposed to deviate from typical bacterial cell envelopes by lacking both peptidoglycan and a typical outer membrane. However, the composition of the anammox cell envelope is presently unknown. Here, we investigated the outermost layer of the anammox cell and identified a proteinaceous surface layer (S-layer) (a crystalline array of protein subunits) as the outermost component of the cell envelope of the anammox bacterium "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis." This is the first description of an S-layer in the phylum of the Planctomycetes and a new addition to the cell plan of anammox bacteria. This S-layer showed hexagonal symmetry with a unit cell consisting of six protein subunits. The enrichment of the S-layer from the cell led to a 160-kDa candidate protein, Kustd1514, which has no homology to any known protein. This protein is present in a glycosylated form. Antibodies were generated against the glycoprotein and used for immunogold localization. The antiserum localized Kustd1514 to the S-layer and thus verified that this protein forms the "Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" S-layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel C. F. van Teeseling
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi M. de Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daan R. Speth
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub J. M. Op den Camp
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, Institute for Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mike S. M. Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anzengruber J, Pabst M, Neumann L, Sekot G, Heinl S, Grabherr R, Altmann F, Messner P, Schäffer C. Protein O-glucosylation in Lactobacillus buchneri. Glycoconj J 2013; 31:117-31. [PMID: 24162649 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previous demonstration of surface (S-) layer protein glycosylation in Lactobacillus buchneri 41021/251 and because of general advantages of lactic acid bacteria for applied research, protein glycosylation in this bacterial species was investigated in detail. The cell surface of L. buchneri CD034 is completely covered with an oblique 2D crystalline array (lattice parameters, a = 5.9 nm; b = 6.2 nm; γ ~ 77°) formed by self-assembly of the S-layer protein SlpB. Biochemical and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that SlpB is the most abundant protein and that it is O-glycosylated at four serine residues within the sequence S(152)-A-S(154)-S(155)-A-S(157) with, on average, seven Glc(α1-6) residues, each. Subcellular fractionation of strain CD034 indicated a sequential order of SlpB export and glucosylation as evidenced by lack of glucosylation of cytosolic SlpB. Protein glycosylation analysis was extended to strain L. buchneri NRRL B-30929 where an analogous glucosylation scenario could be detected, with the S-layer glycoprotein SlpN containing an O-glycosylation motif identical to that of SlpB. This corroborates previous data on S-layer protein glucosylation of strain 41021/251 and let us propose a species-wide S-layer protein O-glucosylation in L. buchneri targeted at the sequence motif S-A-S-S-A-S. Search of the L. buchneri genomes for the said glucosylation motif revealed one further ORF, encoding the putative glycosyl-hydrolase LbGH25B and LbGH25N in L. buchneri CD034 and NRRL B-30929, respectively, for which we have indications of a glycosylation comparable to that of the S-layer proteins. These findings demonstrate the presence of a distinct protein O-glucosylation system in Gram-positive and beneficial microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anzengruber
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernardi A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Casnati A, De Castro C, Darbre T, Fieschi F, Finne J, Funken H, Jaeger KE, Lahmann M, Lindhorst TK, Marradi M, Messner P, Molinaro A, Murphy PV, Nativi C, Oscarson S, Penadés S, Peri F, Pieters RJ, Renaudet O, Reymond JL, Richichi B, Rojo J, Sansone F, Schäffer C, Turnbull WB, Velasco-Torrijos T, Vidal S, Vincent S, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Imberty A. Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4709-27. [PMID: 23254759 PMCID: PMC4399576 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bernardi
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Casnati
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Horst Funken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Deiniol Road Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marco Marradi
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Peri
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio, 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- University of Namur (FUNDP), Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV – CNRS), affiliated with Grenoble-Université and ICMG, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dingle KE, Didelot X, Ansari MA, Eyre DW, Vaughan A, Griffiths D, Ip CLC, Batty EM, Golubchik T, Bowden R, Jolley KA, Hood DW, Fawley WN, Walker AS, Peto TE, Wilcox MH, Crook DW. Recombinational switching of the Clostridium difficile S-layer and a novel glycosylation gene cluster revealed by large-scale whole-genome sequencing. J Infect Dis 2012. [PMID: 23204167 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea, with 30-day mortality reaching 30%. The cell surface comprises a paracrystalline proteinaceous S-layer encoded by the slpA gene within the cell wall protein (cwp) gene cluster. Our purpose was to understand the diversity and evolution of slpA and nearby genes also encoding immunodominant cell surface antigens. METHODS Whole-genome sequences were determined for 57 C. difficile isolates representative of the population structure and different clinical phenotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on their genomic region (>63 kb) spanning the cwp cluster. RESULTS Genetic diversity across the cwp cluster peaked within slpA, cwp66 (adhesin), and secA2 (secretory translocase). These genes formed a 10-kb cassette, of which 12 divergent variants were found. Homologous recombination involving this cassette caused it to associate randomly with genotype. One cassette contained a novel insertion (length, approximately 24 kb) that resembled S-layer glycosylation gene clusters. CONCLUSIONS Genetic exchange of S-layer cassettes parallels polysaccharide capsular switching in other species. Both cause major antigenic shifts, while the remainder of the genome is unchanged. C. difficile genotype is therefore not predictive of antigenic type. S-layer switching and immune escape could help explain temporal and geographic variation in C. difficile epidemiology and may inform genotyping and vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Dingle
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Govindaraju T, Avinash MB. Two-dimensional nanoarchitectonics: organic and hybrid materials. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6102-17. [PMID: 22782293 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31167d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Programmed molecular assemblies with molecular-level precision have always intrigued mankind in the quest to master the art of molecular engineering. In this regard, our review seeks to highlight the state of the art in supramolecular engineering. Herein we describe two-dimensional (2D) nanoarchitectonics of organic and organic-inorganic based hybrid materials. Molecular systems ranging from simpler hydrogen bonding driven bis-acylurea and cyclic dipeptide derivatives to complex peptoids, arylenes, cucurbiturils, biphenyls, organosilicons and organometallics, which involve a delicate interplay of multiple noncovalent interactions are discussed. These specifically chosen examples illustrate the molecular design principles and synthetic protocols to realize 2D nanosheets. The description also emphasizes the wide variety of functional properties and technological implications of these 2D nanomaterials besides an outlook for future progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory (BCL), New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Posch G, Sekot G, Friedrich V, Megson ZA, Koerdt A, Messner P, Schäffer C. Glycobiology Aspects of the Periodontal Pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Biomolecules 2012; 2:467-82. [PMID: 24970146 PMCID: PMC4030854 DOI: 10.3390/biom2040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycobiology is important for the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia, affecting the bacterium's cellular integrity, its life-style, and virulence potential. The bacterium possesses a unique Gram-negative cell envelope with a glycosylated surface (S-) layer as outermost decoration that is proposed to be anchored via a rough lipopolysaccharide. The S-layer glycan has the structure 4‑MeO-b-ManpNAcCONH2-(1→3)-[Pse5Am7Gc-(2→4)-]-b-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-[4-MeO-a-Galp-(1→2)-]-a-Fucp-(1→4)-[-a-Xylp-(1→3)-]-b-GlcpA-(1→3)-[-b-Digp-(1→2)-]-a-Galp and is linked to distinct serine and threonine residues within the D(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V) amino acid motif. Also several other Tannerella proteins are modified with the S‑layer oligosaccharide, indicating the presence of a general O‑glycosylation system. Protein O‑glycosylation impacts the life-style of T. forsythia since truncated S-layer glycans present in a defined mutant favor biofilm formation. While the S‑layer has also been shown to be a virulence factor and to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system of the host, the contribution of glycosylation to modulating host immunity is currently unraveling. Recently, it was shown that Tannerella surface glycosylation has a role in restraining the Th17-mediated neutrophil infiltration in the gingival tissues. Related to its asaccharolytic physiology, T. forsythia expresses a robust enzymatic repertoire, including several glycosidases, such as sialidases, which are linked to specific growth requirements and are involved in triggering host tissue destruction. This review compiles the current knowledge on the glycobiology of T. forsythia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Sekot
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Valentin Friedrich
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Zoë A Megson
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrea Koerdt
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vinogradov E, Deschatelets L, Lamoureux M, Patel GB, Tremblay TL, Robotham A, Goneau MF, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Watson DC, Brisson JR, Kelly JF, Gilbert M. Cell surface glycoproteins from Thermoplasma acidophilum are modified with an N-linked glycan containing 6-C-sulfofucose. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1256-67. [PMID: 22692048 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplasma acidophilum is a thermoacidophilic archaeon that grows optimally at pH 2 and 59°C. This extremophile is remarkable by the absence of a cell wall or an S-layer. Treating the cells with Triton X-100 at pH 3 allowed the extraction of all of the cell surface glycoproteins while keeping cells intact. The extracted glycoproteins were partially purified by cation-exchange chromatography, and we identified five glycoproteins by N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry of in-gel tryptic digests. These glycoproteins are positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining, have a high content of Asn including a large number in the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequon and have apparent masses that are 34-48% larger than the masses deduced from their amino acid sequences. The pooled glycoproteins were digested with proteinase K and the purified glycopeptides were analyzed by NMR. Structural determination showed that the carbohydrate part was represented by two structures in nearly equal amounts, differing by the presence of one terminal mannose residue. The larger glycan chain consists of eight residues: six hexoses, one heptose and one sugar with an unusual residue mass of 226 Da which was identified as 6-deoxy-6-C-sulfo-D-galactose (6-C-sulfo-D-fucose). Mass spectrometry analyses of the peptides obtained by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion confirmed the principal structures to be those determined by NMR and identified 14 glycopeptides derived from the main glycoprotein, Ta0280, all containing the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequons. Thermoplasma acidophilum appears to have a "general" protein N-glycosylation system that targets a number of cell surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vinogradov
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ristl R, Janesch B, Anzengruber J, Forsthuber A, Blaha J, Messner P, Schäffer C. Description of a Putative Oligosaccharyl:S-Layer Protein Transferase from the Tyrosine O-Glycosylation System of Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051 T. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:537-546. [PMID: 25893145 DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface (S)-layer proteins are model systems for studying protein glycosylation in bacteria and simultaneously hold promises for the design of novel, glyco-functionalized modules for nanobiotechnology due to their 2D self-assembly capability. Understanding the mechanism governing S-layer glycan biosynthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051T is necessary for the tailored glyco-functionalization of its S-layer. Here, the putative oligosaccharyl:S-layer protein transferase WsfB from the P. alvei S-layer glycosylation gene locus is characterized. The enzyme is proposed to catalyze the final step of the glycosylation pathway, transferring the elongated S-layer glycan onto distinct tyrosine O-glycosylation sites. Genetic knock-out of WsfB is shown to abolish glycosylation of the S-layer protein SpaA but not that of other glycoproteins present in P. alvei CCM 2051T, confining its role to the S-layer glycosylation pathway. A transmembrane topology model of the 781-amino acid WsfB protein is inferred from activity measurements of green fluorescent protein and phosphatase A fused to defined truncations of WsfB. This model shows an overall number of 13 membrane spanning helices with the Wzy_C domain characteristic of O-oligosaccharyl:protein transferases (O-OTases) located in a central extra-cytoplasmic loop, which both compares well to the topology of OTases from Gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in the Wzy_C motif resulted in loss of WsfB function evidenced in reconstitution experiments in P. alvei ΔWsfB cells. Attempts to use WsfB for transferring heterologous oligosaccharides to its native S-layer target protein in Escherichia coli CWG702 and Salmonella enterica SL3749, which should provide lipid-linked oligosaccharide substrates mimicking to some extent those of the natural host, were not successful, possibly due to the stringent function of WsfB. Concluding, WsfB has all features of a bacterial O-OTase, making it the most probable candidate for the oligosaccharyl:S-layer protein transferase of P. alvei, and a promising candidate for the first O-OTase reported in Gram-positives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ristl
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Julia Anzengruber
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Agnes Forsthuber
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Johanna Blaha
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Posch G, Pabst M, Brecker L, Altmann F, Messner P, Schäffer C. Characterization and scope of S-layer protein O-glycosylation in Tannerella forsythia. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38714-38724. [PMID: 21911490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycosylation is an important element in defining the life of pathogenic bacteria. Tannerella forsythia is a Gram-negative, anaerobic periodontal pathogen inhabiting the subgingival plaque biofilms. It is completely covered by a two-dimensional crystalline surface layer (S-layer) composed of two glycoproteins. Although the S-layer has previously been shown to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system, we characterize here the S-layer protein O-glycosylation as a potential virulence factor. The T. forsythia S-layer glycan was elucidated by a combination of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an oligosaccharide with the structure 4-Me-β-ManpNAcCONH(2)-(1→3)-[Pse5Am7Gc-(2→4)-]-β-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-[4-Me-α-Galp-(1→2)-]-α-Fucp-(1→4)-[-α-Xylp-(1→3)-]-β-GlcpA-(1→3)-[-β-Digp-(1→2)-]-α-Galp, which is O-glycosidically linked to distinct serine and threonine residues within the three-amino acid motif (D)(S/T)(A/I/L/M/T/V) on either S-layer protein. This S-layer glycan obviously impacts the life style of T. forsythia because increased biofilm formation of an UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid dehydrogenase mutant can be correlated with the presence of truncated S-layer glycans. We found that several other proteins of T. forsythia are modified with that specific oligosaccharide. Proteomics identified two of them as being among previously classified antigenic outer membrane proteins that are up-regulated under biofilm conditions, in addition to two predicted antigenic lipoproteins. Theoretical analysis of the S-layer O-glycosylation of T. forsythia indicates the involvement of a 6.8-kb gene locus that is conserved among different bacteria from the Bacteroidetes phylum. Together, these findings reveal the presence of a protein O-glycosylation system in T. forsythia that is essential for creating a rich glycoproteome pinpointing a possible relevance for the virulence of this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Wien, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology, Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Protein glycosylation in infectious disease pathobiology and treatment. Open Life Sci 2011; 6:802. [PMID: 32215117 PMCID: PMC7088636 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-011-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A host of bacteria and viruses are dependent on O-linked and N-linked glycosylation to perform vital biological functions. Pathogens often have integral proteins that participate in host-cell interactions such as receptor binding and fusion with host membrane. Fusion proteins from a broad range of disparate viruses, such as paramyxovirus, HIV, ebola, and the influenza viruses share a variety of common features that are augmented by glycosylation. Each of these viruses contain multiple glycosylation sites that must be processed and modified by the host post-translational machinery to be fusogenically active. In most viruses, glycosylation plays a role in biogenesis, stability, antigenicity and infectivity. In bacteria, glycosylation events play an important role in the formation of flagellin and pili and are vitally important to adherence, attachment, infectivity and immune evasion. With the importance of glycosylation to pathogen survival, it is clear that a better understanding of the processes is needed to understand the pathogen requirement for glycosylation and to capitalize on this requirement for the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
|
29
|
Analysis of the surface proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain SP5/1 and the new, pyrite-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus isolate HV2/2, and their possible involvement in pyrite oxidation. Arch Microbiol 2011; 193:867-82. [PMID: 21698546 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two strains of rod-shaped, pyrite-oxidizing acidithiobacilli, their cell envelope structure and their interaction with pyrite were investigated in this study. Cells of both strains, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain SP5/1 and the moderately thermophilic Acidithiobacillus sp. strain HV2/2, were similar in size, with slight variations in length and diameter. Two kinds of cell appendages were observed: flagella and pili. Besides a typical Gram-negative cell architecture with inner and outer membrane, enclosing a periplasm, both strains were covered by a hitherto undescribed, regularly arranged 2-D protein crystal with p2-symmetry. In A. ferrooxidans, this protein forms a stripe-like structure on the surface. A similar surface pattern with almost identical lattice vectors was also seen on the cells of strain HV2/2. For the surface layer of both bacteria, a direct contact to pyrite crystals was observed in ultrathin sections, indicating that the S-layer is involved in maintaining this contact site. Observations on an S-layer-deficient strain show, however, that cell adhesion does not strictly depend on the presence of the S-layer and that this surface protein has an influence on cell shape. Furthermore, the presented data suggest the ability of the S-layer protein to complex Fe3+ ions, suggesting a role in the physiology of the microorganisms.
Collapse
|