1
|
Cunha AB, Schuelke C, Mesri A, Ruud SK, Aizenshtadt A, Ferrari G, Heiskanen A, Asif A, Keller SS, Ramos-Moreno T, Kalvøy H, Martínez-Serrano A, Krauss S, Emnéus J, Sampietro M, Martinsen ØG. Development of a Smart Wireless Multisensor Platform for an Optogenetic Brain Implant. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:575. [PMID: 38257668 PMCID: PMC11154348 DOI: 10.3390/s24020575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Implantable cell replacement therapies promise to completely restore the function of neural structures, possibly changing how we currently perceive the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the major clinical hurdles for the routine implementation of stem cell therapies is poor cell retention and survival, demanding the need to better understand these mechanisms while providing precise and scalable approaches to monitor these cell-based therapies in both pre-clinical and clinical scenarios. This poses significant multidisciplinary challenges regarding planning, defining the methodology and requirements, prototyping and different stages of testing. Aiming toward an optogenetic neural stem cell implant controlled by a smart wireless electronic frontend, we show how an iterative development methodology coupled with a modular design philosophy can mitigate some of these challenges. In this study, we present a miniaturized, wireless-controlled, modular multisensor platform with fully interfaced electronics featuring three different modules: an impedance analyzer, a potentiostat and an optical stimulator. We show the application of the platform for electrical impedance spectroscopy-based cell monitoring, optical stimulation to induce dopamine release from optogenetically modified neurons and a potentiostat for cyclic voltammetry and amperometric detection of dopamine release. The multisensor platform is designed to be used as an opto-electric headstage for future in vivo animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André B. Cunha
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (A.B.C.); (C.S.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Christin Schuelke
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (A.B.C.); (C.S.); (S.K.R.)
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Alireza Mesri
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Simen K. Ruud
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (A.B.C.); (C.S.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Giorgio Ferrari
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.H.); (A.A.); (J.E.)
| | - Afia Asif
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.H.); (A.A.); (J.E.)
| | - Stephan S. Keller
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Tania Ramos-Moreno
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Håvard Kalvøy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center of Molecular Biology ‘Severo Ochoa’, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub—Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.A.); (S.K.)
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.H.); (A.A.); (J.E.)
| | - Marco Sampietro
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Ørjan G. Martinsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (A.B.C.); (C.S.); (S.K.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Savva A, Saez J, Withers A, Barberio C, Stoeger V, Elias-Kirma S, Lu Z, Moysidou CM, Kallitsis K, Pitsalidis C, Owens RM. 3D organic bioelectronics for electrical monitoring of human adult stem cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3589-3600. [PMID: 37318042 PMCID: PMC10464098 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00785e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional in vitro stem cell models have enabled a fundamental understanding of cues that direct stem cell fate. While sophisticated 3D tissues can be generated, technology that can accurately monitor these complex models in a high-throughput and non-invasive manner is not well adapted. Here we show the development of 3D bioelectronic devices based on the electroactive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)-(PEDOT:PSS) and their use for non-invasive, electrical monitoring of stem cell growth. We show that the electrical, mechanical and wetting properties as well as the pore size/architecture of 3D PEDOT:PSS scaffolds can be fine-tuned simply by changing the processing crosslinker additive. We present a comprehensive characterization of both 2D PEDOT:PSS thin films of controlled thicknesses, and 3D porous PEDOT:PSS structures made by the freeze-drying technique. By slicing the bulky scaffolds we generate homogeneous, porous 250 μm thick PEDOT:PSS slices, constituting biocompatible 3D constructs able to support stem cell cultures. These multifunctional slices are attached on indium-tin oxide substrates (ITO) with the help of an electrically active adhesion layer, enabling 3D bioelectronic devices with a characteristic and reproducible, frequency dependent impedance response. This response changes drastically when human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) grow within the porous PEDOT:PSS network as revealed by fluorescence microscopy. The increase of cell population within the PEDOT:PSS porous network impedes the charge flow at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and ITO, enabling the interface resistance (R1) to be used as a figure of merit to monitor the proliferation of stem cells. The non-invasive monitoring of stem cell growth allows for the subsequent differentiation 3D stem cell cultures into neuron like cells, as verified by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR measurements. The strategy of controlling important properties of 3D PEDOT:PSS structures simply by altering processing parameters can be applied for development of a number of stem cell in vitro models as well as stem cell differentiation pathways. We believe the results presented here will advance 3D bioelectronic technology for both fundamental understanding of in vitro stem cell cultures as well as the development of personalized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Savva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Janire Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Aimee Withers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Chiara Barberio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Verena Stoeger
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Shani Elias-Kirma
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zixuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Chrysanthi-Maria Moysidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Kallitsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cho YS, Gwak SJ. Novel Sensing Technique for Stem Cells Differentiation Using Dielectric Spectroscopy of Their Proteins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2397. [PMID: 36904601 PMCID: PMC10007102 DOI: 10.3390/s23052397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) is the primary technique to observe the dielectric properties of biomaterials. DS extracts complex permittivity spectra from measured frequency responses such as the scattering parameters or impedances of materials over the frequency band of interest. In this study, an open-ended coaxial probe and vector network analyzer were used to characterize the complex permittivity spectra of protein suspensions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cells in distilled water at frequencies ranging from 10 MHz to 43.5 GHz. The complex permittivity spectra of the protein suspensions of hMSCs and Saos-2 cells revealed two major dielectric dispersions, β and γ, offering three distinctive features for detecting the differentiation of stem cells: the distinctive values in the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity spectra as well as the relaxation frequency in the β-dispersion. The protein suspensions were analyzed using a single-shell model, and a dielectrophoresis (DEP) study was performed to determine the relationship between DS and DEP. In immunohistochemistry, antigen-antibody reactions and staining are required to identify the cell type; in contrast, DS eliminates the use of biological processes, while also providing numerical values of the dielectric permittivity of the material-under-test to detect differences. This study suggests that the application of DS can be expanded to detect stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Seek Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Gwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shah FJ, Caviglia C, Zór K, Carminati M, Ferrari G, Sampietro M, Martínez-Serrano A, Emnéus JK, Heiskanen AR. Impedance-based Real-time Monitoring of Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL BIOIMPEDANCE 2021; 12:34-49. [PMID: 34966467 PMCID: PMC8667812 DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present here the first impedance-based characterization of the differentiation process of two human mesencephalic fetal neural stem lines. The two dopaminergic neural stem cell lines used in this study, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) and human ventral mesencephalic (hVM1 Bcl-XL), have been developed for the study of Parkinsonian pathogenesis and its treatment using cell replacement therapy. We show that if only relying on impedance magnitude analysis, which is by far the most usual approach in, e.g., cytotoxicity evaluation and drug screening applications, one may not be able to distinguish whether the neural stem cells in a population are proliferating or differentiating. However, the presented results highlight that equivalent circuit analysis can provide detailed information on cellular behavior, e.g. simultaneous changes in cell morphology, cell-cell contacts, and cell adhesion during formation of neural projections, which are the fundamental behavioral differences between proliferating and differentiating neural stem cells. Moreover, our work also demonstrates the sensitivity of impedance-based monitoring with capability to provide information on changes in cellular behavior in relation to proliferation and differentiation. For both of the studied cell lines, in already two days (one day after induction of differentiation) equivalent circuit analysis was able to show distinction between proliferation and differentiation conditions, which is significantly earlier than by microscopic imaging. This study demonstrates the potential of impedance-based monitoring as a technique of choice in the study of stem cell behavior, laying the foundation for screening assays to characterize stem cell lines and testing the efficacy epigenetic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Shah
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Particle Analytical ApS, Agern Allé 3, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - C. Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Radiometer Medical ApS, Åkandevej 21, 2700 Brønshøj, Denmark
| | - K. Zór
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Carminati
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - G. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - M. Sampietro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria - DEIB, Politecnico di Milano, P.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133Milano, Italy
| | - A. Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - J. K. Emnéus
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A. R. Heiskanen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Present affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Olmo A, Yuste Y, Serrano JA, Maldonado-Jacobi A, Pérez P, Huertas G, Pereira S, Yufera A, de la Portilla F. Electrical Modeling of the Growth and Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts Cell Cultures for Tissue Engineering. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113152. [PMID: 32498394 PMCID: PMC7309147 DOI: 10.3390/s20113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, of utmost importance is the control of tissue formation, in order to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance. In this work, we present the use of an impedance spectroscopy technique for the real-time measurement of the dielectric properties of skeletal myoblast cell cultures. The processes involved in the growth and differentiation of these cell cultures in skeletal muscle are studied. A circuit based on the oscillation-based test technique was used, avoiding the use of high-performance circuitry or external input signals. The effect of electrical pulse stimulation applied to cell cultures was also studied. The technique proved useful for monitoring in real-time the processes of cell growth and estimating the fill factor of muscular stem cells. Impedance spectroscopy was also useful to study the real-time monitoring of cell differentiation, obtaining different oscillation amplitude levels for differentiated and undifferentiated cell cultures. Finally, an electrical model was implemented to better understand the physical properties of the cell culture and control the tissue formation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-55-43-25
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Andres Maldonado-Jacobi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Facultad de Física, Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Alberto Yufera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Portilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zemmyo D, Miyata S. Evaluation of Lipid Accumulation Using Electrical Impedance Measurement under Three-Dimensional Culture Condition. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10070455. [PMID: 31284585 PMCID: PMC6680657 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The degeneration of adipocyte has been reported to cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. To treat these diseases, an effective in vitro evaluation and drug-screening system for adipocyte culture is required. The objective of this study is to establish an in vitro three-dimensional cell culture system to enable the monitoring of lipid accumulation by measuring electrical impedance, and to determine the relationship between the impedance and lipid accumulation of adipocytes cultured three dimensionally. Consequently, pre-adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells, were cultured and differentiated to the adipocytes in our culture system, and the electrical impedance of the three-dimensional adipocyte culture at a high frequency was related to the lipid accumulation of the adipocytes. In conclusion, the lipid accumulation of adipocytes could be evaluated in real time by monitoring the electrical impedance during in vitro culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Zemmyo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gamal W, Wu H, Underwood I, Jia J, Smith S, Bagnaninchi PO. Impedance-based cellular assays for regenerative medicine. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0226. [PMID: 29786561 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies based on regenerative techniques have the potential to radically improve healthcare in the coming years. As a result, there is an emerging need for non-destructive and label-free technologies to assess the quality of engineered tissues and cell-based products prior to their use in the clinic. In parallel, the emerging regenerative medicine industry that aims to produce stem cells and their progeny on a large scale will benefit from moving away from existing destructive biochemical assays towards data-driven automation and control at the industrial scale. Impedance-based cellular assays (IBCA) have emerged as an alternative approach to study stem-cell properties and cumulative studies, reviewed here, have shown their potential to monitor stem-cell renewal, differentiation and maturation. They offer a novel method to non-destructively assess and quality-control stem-cell cultures. In addition, when combined with in vitro disease models they provide complementary insights as label-free phenotypic assays. IBCA provide quantitative and very sensitive results that can easily be automated and up-scaled in multi-well format. When facing the emerging challenge of real-time monitoring of three-dimensional cell culture dielectric spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography represent viable alternatives to two-dimensional impedance sensing.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Gamal
- School of Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK
| | - H Wu
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - I Underwood
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - J Jia
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - S Smith
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - P O Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nabovati G, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Letourneau A, Sawan M. Smart Cell Culture Monitoring and Drug Test Platform Using CMOS Capacitive Sensor Array. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1094-1104. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2866830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Zhou W, Graham K, Lucendo-Villarin B, Flint O, Hay DC, Bagnaninchi P. Combining stem cell-derived hepatocytes with impedance sensing to better predict human drug toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 15:77-83. [PMID: 30572740 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1558208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The liver plays a central role in human drug metabolism. To model drug metabolism, the major cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is commonly used. Hepatocytes can be derived from human and animal sources, including pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based models have shown promise in modeling human drug exposure. The assays used in those studies are normally 'snap-shot' in nature, and do not provide the complete picture of human drug exposure. Research design and methods: In this study, we employ stem cell-derived hepatocytes and impedance sensing to model human drug toxicity. This impedance-based stem cell assay reports hepatotoxicity in real time after treatment with compounds provided by industry. Results: Using electric cell-substrate impedance Sensing (ECIS), we were able to accurately measure drug toxicity post-drug exposure in real time and more quickly than gold standard biochemical assays. Conclusions: ECIS is robust and non-destructive methodology capable of monitoring human drug exposure with superior performance to current gold standard 'snapshot' assays. We believe that the methodology presented within this article could prove valuable in the quest to better predict off-target effects of drugs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Changzheng Hospital, Navy medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Karen Graham
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Baltasar Lucendo-Villarin
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Oliver Flint
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - David C Hay
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- b MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Low K, Wong LY, Maldonado M, Manjunath C, Horner CB, Perez M, Myung NV, Nam J. Physico-electrochemical Characterization of Pluripotent Stem Cells during Self-Renewal or Differentiation by a Multi-modal Monitoring System. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1329-1339. [PMID: 28457888 PMCID: PMC5425683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring pluripotent stem cell behaviors (self-renewal and differentiation to specific lineages/phenotypes) is critical for a fundamental understanding of stem cell biology and their translational applications. In this study, a multi-modal stem cell monitoring system was developed to quantitatively characterize physico-electrochemical changes of the cells in real time, in relation to cellular activities during self-renewal or lineage-specific differentiation, in a non-destructive, label-free manner. The system was validated by measuring physical (mass) and electrochemical (impedance) changes in human induced pluripotent stem cells undergoing self-renewal, or subjected to mesendodermal or ectodermal differentiation, and correlating them to morphological (size, shape) and biochemical changes (gene/protein expression). An equivalent circuit model was used to further dissect the electrochemical (resistive and capacitive) contributions of distinctive cellular features. Overall, the combination of the physico-electrochemical measurements and electrical circuit modeling collectively offers a means to longitudinally quantify the states of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Low
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lauren Y Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chetas Manjunath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christopher B Horner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mark Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nosang V Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Bourns Hall B355, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Materials Science & Engineering Building 331, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Electrical Impedance Monitoring of C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation on an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122068. [PMID: 27929401 PMCID: PMC5191049 DOI: 10.3390/s16122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing is increasingly being used for label-free and real-time monitoring of changes in cell morphology and number during cell growth, drug screening, and differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using ECIS to monitor C2C12 myoblast differentiation using a fabricated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode-based chip. C2C12 myoblast differentiation on the ITO electrode was validated based on decreases in the mRNA level of MyoD and increases in the mRNA levels of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). Additionally, MHC expression and morphological changes in myoblasts differentiated on the ITO electrode were comparable to those in cells in the control culture dish. From the monitoring the integration of the resistance change at 21.5 kHz, the cell differentiation was label-free and real-time detectable in 30 h of differentiation (p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
12
|
Pane K, Sgambati V, Zanfardino A, Smaldone G, Cafaro V, Angrisano T, Pedone E, Di Gaetano S, Capasso D, Haney EF, Izzo V, Varcamonti M, Notomista E, Hancock REW, Di Donato A, Pizzo E. A new cryptic cationic antimicrobial peptide from human apolipoprotein E with antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory effects on human cells. FEBS J 2016; 283:2115-31. [PMID: 27028511 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess fast and broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. It has become increasingly evident that many AMPs, including those that derive from fragments of host proteins, are multifunctional and able to mediate various immunomodulatory functions and angiogenesis. Among these, synthetic apolipoprotein-derived peptides are safe and well tolerated in humans and have emerged as promising candidates in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions. Here, we report the characterization of a new AMP corresponding to residues 133-150 of human apolipoprotein E. Our results show that this peptide, produced either by chemical synthesis or by recombinant techniques in Escherichia coli, possesses a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. As shown for several other AMPs, ApoE (133-150) is structured in the presence of TFE and of membrane-mimicking agents, like SDS, or bacterial surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and an anionic polysaccharide, alginate, which mimics anionic capsular exo-polysaccharides of several pathogenic microorganisms. Noteworthy, ApoE (133-150) is not toxic toward several human cell lines and triggers a significant innate immune response, assessed either as decreased expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in differentiated THP-1 monocytic cells or by the induction of chemokines released from PBMCs. This novel bioactive AMP also showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect on human keratinocytes, suggesting its potential use as a model for designing new immunomodulatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pane
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valeria Sgambati
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Evan F Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alberto Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Electrode Shape on Impedance of Single HeLa Cell: A COMSOL Simulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:871603. [PMID: 25961043 PMCID: PMC4415739 DOI: 10.1155/2015/871603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In disease prophylaxis, single cell inspection provides more detailed data compared to conventional examinations. At the individual cell level, the electrical properties of the cell are helpful for understanding the effects of cellular behavior. The electric field distribution affects the results of single cell impedance measurements whereas the electrode geometry affects the electric field distributions. Therefore, this study obtained numerical solutions by using the COMSOL multiphysics package to perform FEM simulations of the effects of electrode geometry on microfluidic devices. An equivalent circuit model incorporating the PBS solution, a pair of electrodes, and a cell is used to obtain the impedance of a single HeLa cell. Simulations indicated that the circle and parallel electrodes provide higher electric field strength compared to cross and standard electrodes at the same operating voltage. Additionally, increasing the operating voltage reduces the impedance magnitude of a single HeLa cell in all electrode shapes. Decreasing impedance magnitude of the single HeLa cell increases measurement sensitivity, but higher operational voltage will damage single HeLa cell.
Collapse
|
14
|
Song H, Rosano JM, Wang Y, Garson CJ, Prabhakarpandian B, Pant K, Klarmann GJ, Perantoni A, Alvarez LM, Lai E. Continuous-flow sorting of stem cells and differentiation products based on dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1320-8. [PMID: 25589423 PMCID: PMC8385543 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a continuous-flow microfluidic device for sorting stem cells and their differentiation progenies. The principle of the device is based on the accumulation of multiple dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces to deflect cells laterally in conjunction with the alternating on/off electric field to manipulate the cell trajectories. The microfluidic device containing a large array of oblique interdigitated electrodes was fabricated using a combination of standard and soft lithography techniques to generate a PDMS-gold electrode construct. Experimental testing with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and their differentiation progenies (osteoblasts) was carried out at different flow rates, and clear separation of the two populations was achieved. Most of the osteoblasts experiencing stronger DEP forces were deflected laterally and continuously, following zig-zag trajectories, and moved towards the desired collection outlet, whereas most of the hMSCs remained on the original trajectory due to weaker DEP forces. The experimental measurements were characterized and evaluated quantitatively, and consistent performance was demonstrated. Collection efficiency up to 92% and 67% for hMSCs and osteoblasts, respectively, along with purity up to 84% and 87% was obtained. The experimental results established the feasibility of our microfluidic DEP sorting device for continuous, label-free sorting of stem cells and their differentiation progenies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Song
- CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li J, Li D, Ju X, Shi Q, Wang D, Wei F. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells retain immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activities after neural induction. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2663-72. [PMID: 25337112 PMCID: PMC4200734 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activities of differentiated mesenchymal stem cells contribute to their therapeutic efficacy in cell-replacement therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord and induced to differentiate with basic fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and forskolin. The mesenchymal stem cells became rounded with long processes and expressed the neural markers, Tuj1, neurofilament 200, microtubule-associated protein-2 and neuron-specific enolase. Nestin expression was significantly reduced after neural induction. The expression of immunoregulatory and anti-oxidative genes was largely unchanged prior to and after neural induction in mesenchymal stem cells. There was no significant difference in the effects of control and induced mesenchymal stem cells on lymphocyte proliferation in co-culture experiments. However, the expression of human leukocyte antigen-G decreased significantly in induced neuron-like cells. These results suggest that growth factor-based methods enable the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell toward immature neuronal-like cells, which retain their immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dakun Wang
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengcai Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Real-time discrimination between proliferation and neuronal and astroglial differentiation of human neural stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6319. [PMID: 25204726 PMCID: PMC4159634 DOI: 10.1038/srep06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are characterized by a capacity for self-renewal, differentiation into multiple neural lineages, all of which are considered to be promising components for neural regeneration. However, for cell-replacement therapies, it is essential to monitor the process of in vitro NSC differentiation and identify differentiated cell phenotypes. We report a real-time and label-free method that uses a capacitance sensor array to monitor the differentiation of human fetal brain-derived NSCs (hNSCs) and to identify the fates of differentiated cells. When hNSCs were placed under proliferation or differentiation conditions in five media, proliferating and differentiating hNSCs exhibited different frequency and time dependences of capacitance, indicating that the proliferation and differentiation status of hNSCs may be discriminated in real-time using our capacitance sensor. In addition, comparison between real-time capacitance and time-lapse optical images revealed that neuronal and astroglial differentiation of hNSCs may be identified in real-time without cell labeling.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim JH, Jekarl DW, Kim M, Oh EJ, Kim Y, Park IY, Shin JC. Effects of ECM protein mimetics on adhesion and proliferation of chorion derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:298-308. [PMID: 24516355 PMCID: PMC3917120 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effects of fibronectin, collagen, cadherin, and laminin based extracellular matrix (ECM) protein mimetics coated with mussel derived adhesive protein (MAP) on adhesion and proliferation of chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs). METHODS Human placental chorionic tissues from term third-trimester pregnancies (n=3) were used. The cMSCs were cultured on rationally designed ECM protein mimetics coated with MAP on plastic surfaces with the addition of reduced fetal bovine serum (0.5%, 1% FBS). Adhesion capabilities were monitored by a real time cell analysis system (RTCA) utilizing an impedance method. Proliferation capabilities were monitored by RTCA and MTS assay. RESULTS Of the ECM protein mimetics tested, GRGDSP(FN) coated surfaces exhibited the highest adhesion and proliferation capabilities on RTCA at FBS concentration of 0.5% and 1%. When 0.5% FBS was added to ECM protein mimetics during the MTS assay, GRGDSP(FN), REDV(FN), and collagen mimetics, GPKGAAGEPGKP(ColI) showed higher cMSCs proliferation compared with the control. When 1% FBS was added, GRGDSP(FN) and TAIPSCPEGTVPLYS(ColIV) showed significant cMSCs proliferation capacity. CONCLUSIONS Fibronectin mimetics, GRGDSP(FN) amino acid sequence showed the highest adhesion and proliferation capabilities. In addition, results from RTCA assessment of cell viability correlated well with the tetrazolium-based MTS assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; ; 3. Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Jekarl
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Yang Park
- 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Chul Shin
- 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alexander FA, Price DT, Bhansali S. From Cellular Cultures to Cellular Spheroids: Is Impedance Spectroscopy a Viable Tool for Monitoring Multicellular Spheroid (MCS) Drug Models? IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 6:63-76. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2012.2222023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
19
|
Overview of micro- and nano-technology tools for stem cell applications: micropatterned and microelectronic devices. SENSORS 2012. [PMID: 23202240 PMCID: PMC3522993 DOI: 10.3390/s121115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades the scientific community has been recognizing the paramount role of the cell microenvironment in determining cell behavior. In parallel, the study of human stem cells for their potential therapeutic applications has been progressing constantly. The use of advanced technologies, enabling one to mimic the in vivo stem cell microenviroment and to study stem cell physiology and physio-pathology, in settings that better predict human cell biology, is becoming the object of much research effort. In this review we will detail the most relevant and recent advances in the field of biosensors and micro- and nano-technologies in general, highlighting advantages and disadvantages. Particular attention will be devoted to those applications employing stem cells as a sensing element.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vergani M, Carminati M, Ferrari G, Landini E, Caviglia C, Heiskanen A, Comminges C, Zór K, Sabourin D, Dufva M, Dimaki M, Raiteri R, Wollenberger U, Emneus J, Sampietro M. Multichannel bipotentiostat integrated with a microfluidic platform for electrochemical real-time monitoring of cell cultures. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2012; 6:498-507. [PMID: 23853236 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2012.2187783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical detection system specifically designed for multi-parameter real-time monitoring of stem cell culturing/differentiation in a microfluidic system is presented. It is composed of a very compact 24-channel electronic board, compatible with arrays of microelectrodes and coupled to a microfluidic cell culture system. A versatile data acquisition software enables performing amperometry, cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy in each of the 12 independent chambers over a 100 kHz bandwidth with current resolution down to 5 pA for 100 ms measuring time. The design of the platform, its realization and experimental characterization are reported, with emphasis on the analysis of impact of input capacitance (i.e., microelectrode size) and microfluidic pump operation on current noise. Programmable sequences of successive injections of analytes (ferricyanide and dopamine) and rinsing buffer solution as well as the impedimetric continuous tracking for seven days of the proliferation of a colony of PC12 cells are successfully demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vergani
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico diMilano, 20133Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Diemert S, Dolga AM, Tobaben S, Grohm J, Pfeifer S, Oexler E, Culmsee C. Impedance measurement for real time detection of neuronal cell death. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 203:69-77. [PMID: 21963366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of neuronal cell death is a standard requirement in cell culture models of neurodegenerative diseases. Although plenty of viability assays are available for in vitro applications, most of these are endpoint measurements providing only little information on the kinetics of cell death. Here, we validated the xCELLigence system based on impedance measurement for real-time detection of cell death in a neuronal cell line of immortalized hippocampal neurons (HT-22 cells), neuronal progenitor cells (NPC) and differentiated primary cortical neurons. We found a good correlation between impedance measurements and endpoint viability assays in HT-22 cells and NPC, for detecting proliferation, cell death kinetics and also neuroprotective effects of pharmacological inhibitors of apoptosis. In primary neurons we could not detect dendritic outgrowth during differentiation of the cells. Cell death in primary neurons was detectable by the xCELLigence system, however, the changes in the cell index on the basis of impedance measurements depended to a great extent on the severity of the insult. Cell death induced by ionomycin, e.g. shows as a fast paced process involving a strong cellular disintegration, which allows for impedance-based detection. Cell death accompanied by less pronounced morphological changes like glutamate induced cell death, however, is not well accessible by this approach. In conclusion, our data show that impedance measurement is a convenient and reliable method for the detection of proliferation and kinetics of cell death in neuronal cell lines, whereas this method is less suitable for the assessment of neuronal differentiation and viability of primary neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Diemert
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 1, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|