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Khezri H, Mostafavi M, Dabirmanesh B, Khajeh K. Peptibodies: Bridging the gap between peptides and antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134718. [PMID: 39142490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are a very critical class of pharmaceutical compounds that can control several signaling pathways and thereby affect many physiological and biochemical processes. Previous research suggests that both peptides and antibodies may serve as potent tools for research, diagnostics, vaccination, and therapeutics across diverse domains. The distinct attributes of peptides, like their profound tissue penetration, efficient cellular internalization, reduced immunogenicity, and adaptability to chemical modification, underscore their significance in biomedical applications. However, they also possess drawbacks such as lower affinity, poor absorption, low stability to proteolytic digestion, and rapid clearance. The advent of peptibodies is a significant advance that improves the limitations of both peptides and antibodies. Peptibodies, or Peptide-Fc fusions, represent a promising therapeutic modality comprising biologically active peptides fused to an Fc domain. The stability and efficacy of the peptide are enhanced by this fusion strategy, which overcomes some of the inherent limitations. Many peptibodies have been developed to treat conditions like cancer, diabetes, and lupus. Romiplostim and Dulaglutide are the only ones approved by the EMA and FDA, respectively. Given the growing significance of peptibodies in the pharmaceutical landscape, this investigation aims to explain key aspects encompassing the intrinsic properties of peptides, the intricacies of peptibody production, and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidhossein Khezri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mostafavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Lampitella EA, Marone M, Achanta NSK, Porzio E, Trepiccione F, Manco G. The Human Paraoxonase 2: An Optimized Procedure for Refolding and Stabilization Facilitates Enzyme Analyses and a Proteomics Approach. Molecules 2024; 29:2434. [PMID: 38893310 PMCID: PMC11173892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The human paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is the oldest member of a small family of arylesterase and lactonase enzymes, representing the first line of defense against bacterial infections and having a major role in ROS-associated diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Specific Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) clustering nearby two residues corresponding to pon2 polymorphic sites and their impact on the catalytic activity are not yet fully understood. Thus, the goal of the present study was to develop an improved PON2 purification protocol to obtain a higher amount of protein suitable for in-depth biochemical studies and biotechnological applications. To this end, we also tested several compounds to stabilize the active monomeric form of the enzyme. Storing the enzyme at 4 °C with 30 mM Threalose had the best impact on the activity, which was preserved for at least 30 days. The catalytic parameters against the substrate 3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-Homoserine Lactone (3oxoC12-HSL) and the enzyme ability to interfere with the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) were determined, showing that the obtained enzyme is well suited for downstream applications. Finally, we used the purified rPON2 to detect, by the direct molecular fishing (DMF) method, new putative PON2 interactors from soluble extracts of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros A. Lampitella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.A.L.); (M.M.); (N.S.K.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Marone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.A.L.); (M.M.); (N.S.K.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Nagendra S. K. Achanta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.A.L.); (M.M.); (N.S.K.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.A.L.); (M.M.); (N.S.K.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi c/o Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.A.L.); (M.M.); (N.S.K.A.); (E.P.)
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3
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Vallerinteavide Mavelli G, Sadeghi S, Drum CL. Laboratory Scale Production of Complex Proteins Using Charge Complimentary Nanoenvironments. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2671:403-418. [PMID: 37308658 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3222-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein refolding is a crucial procedure in bacterial recombinant expression. Aggregation and misfolding are the two challenges that can affect the overall yield and specific activity of the folded proteins. We demonstrated the in vitro use of nanoscale "thermostable exoshells" (tES) to encapsulate, fold and release diverse protein substrates. With tES, the soluble yield, functional yield, and specific activity increased from 2-fold to >100-fold when compared to folding in its absence. On average, the soluble yield was determined to be 6.5 mg/100 mg of tES for a set of 12 diverse substrates evaluated. The electrostatic charge complementation between the tES interior and the protein substrate was considered as the primary determinant for functional folding. We thus describe a useful and simple method for in vitro folding that has been evaluated and implemented in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Sadeghi
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Kopp J, Spadiut O. Inclusion Bodies: Status Quo and Perspectives. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:1-13. [PMID: 36656513 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple E. coli cultivations, producing recombinant proteins, lead to the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). IBs historically were considered as nondesired by-products, due to their time- and cost-intensive purification. Nowadays, many obstacles in IB processing can be overcome. As a consequence, several industrial processes with E. coli favor IB formation over soluble production options due to the high space time yields obtained. Within this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the art biopharmaceutical IB process, review its challenges, highlight the recent developments and perspectives, and also propose alternative solutions, compared to the state-of-the art processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kopp
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, TU Wien Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Integrated Bioprocess Development, TU Wien Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Roufarshbaf M, Akbari V. Development of Solubilization and Refolding Buffers. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2617:155-164. [PMID: 36656522 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2930-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of heterologous protein in prokaryotic host cells, such as Escherichia coli, usually leads to formation of inactive and insoluble aggregates known as inclusion bodies (IBs). Recovery of refolded and functionally bioactive proteins from IBs is a challenging task, and a unique condition (e.g., solubilizing and refolding buffers) for each individual protein should be experimentally obtained. Here, we present a simple protocol for development of solubilizing and refolding buffers for successful recovery of pure bioactive proteins from IBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roufarshbaf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Buscajoni L, Martinetz MC, Berkemeyer M, Brocard C. Refolding in the modern biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108050. [PMID: 36252795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) often emerge upon overexpression of recombinant proteins in E. coli. From IBs, refolding is necessary to generate the native protein that can be further purified to obtain pure and active biologicals. This work focusses on refolding as a significant process step during biopharmaceutical manufacturing with an industrial perspective. A theoretical and historical background on protein refolding gives the reader a starting point for further insights into industrial process development. Quality requirements on IBs as starting material for refolding are discussed and further economic and ecological aspects are considered with regards to buffer systems and refolding conditions. A process development roadmap shows the development of a refolding process starting from first exploratory screening rounds to scale-up and implementation in manufacturing plant. Different aspects, with a direct influence on yield, such as the selection of chemicals including pH, ionic strength, additives, etc., and other often neglected aspects, important during scale-up, such as mixing, and gas-fluid interaction, are highlighted with the use of a quality by design (QbD) approach. The benefits of simulation sciences (process simulation and computer fluid dynamics) and process analytical technology (PAT) for seamless process development are emphasized. The work concludes with an outlook on future applications of refolding and highlights open research inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Buscajoni
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael C Martinetz
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Berkemeyer
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Singhvi P, Panda AK. Solubilization and Refolding of Inclusion Body Proteins. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2406:371-387. [PMID: 35089569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli often leads to the formation of protein aggregates known as inclusion bodies (IBs). Inclusion body aggregates pose a major hurdle in the recovery of bioactive proteins from E. coli. Usage of strong denaturing buffers for solubilization of bacterial IBs results in poor recovery of bioactive protein. Structure-function understanding of IBs in the last two decades have led to the development of several mild solubilization buffers, which improve the recovery of bioactive from IBs. Recently, combinatorial mild solubilization methods have paved the way for solubilization of wide range of inclusion bodies with appreciable refolding yield. Here, we describe a simple protocol for solubilization and refolding of an inclusion body protein with appreciable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Singhvi
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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8
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Zalai D, Kopp J, Kozma B, Küchler M, Herwig C, Kager J. Microbial technologies for biotherapeutics production: Key tools for advanced biopharmaceutical process development and control. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 38:9-24. [PMID: 34895644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the biopharmaceutical market such as the diversification of therapies as well as the increasing time-to-market pressure will trigger the rethinking of bioprocess development and production approaches. Thereby, the importance of development time and manufacturing costs will increase, especially for microbial production. In the present review, we investigate three technological approaches which, to our opinion, will play a key role in the future of biopharmaceutical production. The first cornerstone of process development is the generation and effective utilization of platform knowledge. Building processes on well understood microbial and technological platforms allows to accelerate early-stage bioprocess development and to better condense this knowledge into multi-purpose technologies and applicable mathematical models. Second, the application of verified scale down systems and in silico models for process design and characterization will reduce the required number of large scale batches before dossier submission. Third, the broader availability of mathematical process models and the improvement of process analytical technologies will increase the applicability and acceptance of advanced control and process automation in the manufacturing scale. This will reduce process failure rates and subsequently cost of goods. Along these three aspects we give an overview of recently developed key tools and their potential integration into bioprocess development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Zalai
- Richter-Helm BioLogics GmbH & Co. KG, Suhrenkamp 59, 22335 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Kopp
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bence Kozma
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Küchler
- Richter-Helm BioLogics GmbH & Co. KG, Suhrenkamp 59, 22335 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Kager
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Sinelnikov IG, Siedhoff NE, Chulkin AM, Zorov IN, Schwaneberg U, Davari MD, Sinitsyna OA, Shcherbakova LA, Sinitsyn AP, Rozhkova AM. Expression and Refolding of the Plant Chitinase From Drosera capensis for Applications as a Sustainable and Integrated Pest Management. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:728501. [PMID: 34621729 PMCID: PMC8490864 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.728501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the study of chitinases has become an important target of numerous research projects due to their potential for applications, such as biocontrol pest agents. Plant chitinases from carnivorous plants of the genus Drosera are most aggressive against a wide range of phytopathogens. However, low solubility or insolubility of the target protein hampered application of chitinases as biofungicides. To obtain plant chitinase from carnivorous plants of the genus Drosera in soluble form in E.coli expression strains, three different approaches including dialysis, rapid dilution, and refolding on Ni-NTA agarose to renaturation were tested. The developed « Rapid dilution » protocol with renaturation buffer supplemented by 10% glycerol and 2M arginine in combination with the redox pair of reduced/oxidized glutathione, increased the yield of active soluble protein to 9.5 mg per 1 g of wet biomass. A structure-based removal of free cysteines in the core domain based on homology modeling of the structure was carried out in order to improve the soluble of chitinase. One improved chitinase variant (C191A/C231S/C286T) was identified which shows improved expression and solubility in E. coli expression systems compared to wild type. Computational analyzes of the wild-type and the improved variant revealed overall higher fluctuations of the structure while maintaining a global protein stability. It was shown that free cysteines on the surface of the protein globule which are not involved in the formation of inner disulfide bonds contribute to the insolubility of chitinase from Drosera capensis. The functional characteristics showed that chitinase exhibits high activity against colloidal chitin (360 units/g) and high fungicidal properties of recombinant chitinases against Parastagonospora nodorum. Latter highlights the application of chitinase from D. capensis as a promising enzyme for the control of fungal pathogens in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor G Sinelnikov
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Andrey M Chulkin
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan N Zorov
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra M Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Sánchez-Trasviña C, Flores-Gatica M, Enriquez-Ochoa D, Rito-Palomares M, Mayolo-Deloisa K. Purification of Modified Therapeutic Proteins Available on the Market: An Analysis of Chromatography-Based Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:717326. [PMID: 34490225 PMCID: PMC8417561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.717326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, which have inherent biorecognition properties, have long been used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of clinical indications. Protein modification through covalent attachment to different moieties improves the therapeutic's pharmacokinetic properties, affinity, stability, confers protection against proteolytic degradation, and increases circulation half-life. Nowadays, several modified therapeutic proteins, including PEGylated, Fc-fused, lipidated, albumin-fused, and glycosylated proteins have obtained regulatory approval for commercialization. During its manufacturing, the purification steps of the therapeutic agent are decisive to ensure the quality, effectiveness, potency, and safety of the final product. Due to the robustness, selectivity, and high resolution of chromatographic methods, these are recognized as the gold standard in the downstream processing of therapeutic proteins. Moreover, depending on the modification strategy, the protein will suffer different physicochemical changes, which must be considered to define a purification approach. This review aims to deeply analyze the purification methods employed for modified therapeutic proteins that are currently available on the market, to understand why the selected strategies were successful. Emphasis is placed on chromatographic methods since they govern the purification processes within the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, to discuss how the modification type strongly influences the purification strategy, the purification processes of three different modified versions of coagulation factor IX are contrasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calef Sánchez-Trasviña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Miguel Flores-Gatica
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Daniela Enriquez-Ochoa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
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11
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Knepp ZJ, Ghaner A, Root KT. Purification and refolding protocol for cold-active recombinant esterase AaSGNH1 from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:394-403. [PMID: 34355672 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1952601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial esterases are a highly desirable tool for numerous biosynthetic and biotechnological applications requiring ester bond cleavage. Once identified, microbial esterases are often produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli to enhance yield and ease of purification. In this study a polyhistidine-tagged SGNH esterase gene (AaSGNH1), originating from the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, was cloned into an over-expression plasmid and expressed in BL21(DE3) cells. The recombinant esterase enzyme was produced as inactive inclusion bodies which were insoluble in 8 M urea but readily solubilized by the detergent Empigen BB®. Crucially, the procurement of active enzyme required controlled removal of detergent during column chromatography and dialysis steps. The refolded esterase was characterized with respect to its ability to catalyze the cleavage of p-nitrophenol esters of different chain lengths (C2, C8, C16). In addition, the temperature and pH optima were determined and it was found that the enzyme was most active at low temperatures (5-15 °C) and under alkaline conditions (pH 8-10). It was found that the kinetic properties of AaSGNH1 were remarkably similar to other SGNH esterases described thereby validating that the protein was effectively refolded. Overall, this study provides a simple strategy for isolating cold-active recombinant esterase enzyme when expressed as inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Knepp
- Department of Chemistry, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA, USA
| | - Ashlea Ghaner
- Department of Chemistry, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA, USA
| | - Kyle T Root
- Department of Chemistry, Lock Haven University, Lock Haven, PA, USA
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12
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So you want to express your protein in Escherichia coli? Essays Biochem 2021; 65:247-260. [PMID: 33955451 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins have been extensively employed as therapeutics for the treatment of various critical and life-threatening diseases and as industrial enzymes in high-value industrial processes. Advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have broadened the horizon of heterologous protein production using multiple expression platforms. Selection of a suitable expression system depends on a variety of factors ranging from the physicochemical properties of the target protein to economic considerations. For more than 40 years, Escherichia coli has been an established organism of choice for protein production. This review aims to provide a stepwise approach for any researcher embarking on the journey of recombinant protein production in E. coli. We present an overview of the challenges associated with heterologous protein expression, fundamental considerations connected to the protein of interest (POI) and designing expression constructs, as well as insights into recently developed technologies that have contributed to this ever-growing field.
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13
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Ahmadian M, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Akbari V. Optimization of Buffer Additives for Efficient Recovery of hGM-CSF from Inclusion Bodies Using Response Surface Methodology. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:297-309. [PMID: 33680031 PMCID: PMC7758011 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) by Escherichia coli leads to formation of insoluble and inactive proteins, inclusion bodies. The aim of this study was to improve recovery of biologically active hGM-CSF from inclusion bodies. The effect of types, concentrations and pHs of denaturing agents and addition of reducing agents on the yield of inclusion bodies solubilization was evaluated. Next, various conditions were evaluated for refolding hGM-CSF using a two-step design of experiment (DOE) including primary screening by factorial design, and then optimization by response surface design. It was found that hGM-CSF inclusion bodies can be efficiently solubilized with 4 M urea and 4 mM β-mercaptoethanol, pH = 9. A response surface quadratic model was employed to predict the optimum refolding conditions and the accuracy of this model was confirmed by high value of R2 (0.99) and F-value of 0.64. DOE results revealed that sorbitol (0.235 M), imidazole (97 mM), and SDS (0.09%) would be the optimum buffer additives for refolding of hGM-CSF. Following refolding studies, the obtained protein was subjected to circular dichroism which confirmed correct secondary structure of the refolded hGM-CSF. The refolded hGM-CSF exhibited reasonable biological activity compared with standard protein. The approach developed in this work can be important to improve the refolding of other proteins with similar structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ahmadian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Metzger KF, Padutsch W, Pekarsky A, Kopp J, Voloshin AM, Kühnel H, Maurer M. IGF1 inclusion bodies: A QbD based process approach for efficient USP as well as early DSP unit operations. J Biotechnol 2020; 312:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Pekarsky A, Konopek V, Spadiut O. The impact of technical failures during cultivation of an inclusion body process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1611-1624. [PMID: 31267174 PMCID: PMC6751153 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In biotechnological processes, technical failures in the upstream process often lead to batch loss. It is of great interest to investigate the empirical impact of technical failures to understand and mitigate their impact accurately and reduce economic damage. We investigated the impact in the upstream and downstream of a recombinant antibody fragment inclusion body production process chain to provide integrated empirical data and knowledge. First, we provided a reproducible process chain that yielded high inclusion body content, high specific product titer, and a refolding yield of 30%. The inclusion body downstream proved to be of high reproducibility. Through the intended introduction of technical failures, we were not only able to shed more light on the empirical responses in the upstream and downstream, but also on process-boosting parameters that would have been neglected. Herein, a short increase in temperature during the cultivation clearly increased the refolding yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pekarsky
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Konopek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Vega MV, Nigro A, Luti S, Capitini C, Fani G, Gonnelli L, Boscaro F, Chiti F. Isolation and characterization of soluble human full‐length TDP‐43 associated with neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2019; 33:10780-10793. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900474r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Vivoli Vega
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Alessia Nigro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Claudia Capitini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Giulia Fani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Leonardo Gonnelli
- Centro di Ricerca di Risonanze Magnetiche (CERM)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | | | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
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Russo RR, dos Santos Júnior NN, Cintra ACO, Figueiredo LTM, Sampaio SV, Aquino VH. Expression, purification and virucidal activity of two recombinant isoforms of phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1159-1171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Humer D, Spadiut O. Wanted: more monitoring and control during inclusion body processing. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:158. [PMID: 30341583 PMCID: PMC6208753 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are insoluble aggregates of misfolded protein in Escherichia coli. Against the outdated belief that the production of IBs should be avoided during recombinant protein production, quite a number of recombinant products are currently produced as IBs, which are then processed to give correctly folded and soluble product. However, this processing is quite cumbersome comprising IB wash, IB solubilization and refolding. To date, IB processing often happens rather uncontrolled and relies on empiricism rather than sound process understanding. In this mini review we describe current efforts to introduce more monitoring and control in IB processes, focusing on the refolding step, and thus generate process understanding and knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Eggenreich B, Scholz E, Wurm DJ, Forster F, Spadiut O. The production of a recombinant tandem single chain fragment variable capable of binding prolamins triggering celiac disease. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:30. [PMID: 29843684 PMCID: PMC5975707 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CD) is one of the most common food-related chronic disorders. It is mediated by the dietary consumption of prolamins, which are storage proteins of different grains. So far, no therapy exists and patients are bound to maintain a lifelong diet to avoid symptoms and long-term complications. To support those patients we developed a tandem single chain Fragment variable (tscFv) acting as a neutralizing agent against prolamins. We recombinantly produced this molecule in E. coli, but mainly obtained misfolded product aggregates, so-called inclusion bodies, independent of the cultivation strategy we applied. Results In this study, we introduce this novel tscFv against CD and present our strategy of obtaining active product from inclusion bodies. The refolded tscFv shows binding capabilities towards all tested CD-triggering grains. Compared to a standard polyclonal anti-PT-gliadin-IgY, the tscFv displays a slightly reduced affinity towards digested gliadin, but an additional affinity towards prolamins of barley. Conclusion The high binding specificity of tscFv towards prolamin-containing grains makes this novel molecule a valuable candidate to support patients suffering from CD in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0443-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eggenreich
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Scholz
- Sciotec Diagnostics Technologies GmbH, Ziegelfeldstr. 3, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - David Johannes Wurm
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Forster
- Sciotec Diagnostics Technologies GmbH, Ziegelfeldstr. 3, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
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Salehinia J, Sadeghi HMM, Abedi D, Akbari V. Improvement of solubility and refolding of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 single-chain antibody fragment inclusion bodies. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:566-574. [PMID: 30607154 PMCID: PMC6288993 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.245968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Single chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs) have attracted many attentions due to their small size, faster bio-distribution and better penetration in to the target tissues, and ease of expression in Escherichia coli. Although, scFv expression in E. coli usually leads to formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). The aim of this research was to improve solubilizing and refolding conditions for IBs of scFv version of pertuzumab (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody). After protein overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3), bacterial cells were lysed and IBs were extracted via repeated washing and centrifugation. The effect of different types, concentrations, pHs, and additive of denaturing agents on IBs solubility were evaluated. More than 40 refolding additives were screened and combinations of 10 of the best additives were check out using Plackett-Burman design to choose three refolding additives with the most positive effect on refolding of the scFv. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the concentration of adopted additives. The most efficient buffer to solubilize IBs was a buffer containing 6 M urea with 6 mM beta mercaptoethanol, pH 11. The optimum concentration of three buffer additives for refolding of the scFv was 23 mM tricine, 0.55 mM arginine, and 14.3 mM imidazole. The bioactivity of the refolded scFv was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer tissue, a specific binding based method. The systematic optimization of refolding buffer developed in the present work will contribute to improve the refolding of other scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Salehinia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Daryoush Abedi
- Department of Drug & Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:803-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Esmaili I, Mohammad Sadeghi HM, Akbari V. Effect of buffer additives on solubilization and refolding of reteplase inclusion bodies. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:413-421. [PMID: 30271443 PMCID: PMC6082031 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.236834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reteplase is a non-glycosylated and recombinant form of tissue type plasminogen activator, which is produced in Escherichia coli. However, its overexpression usually leads to formation of inactive aggregates or inclusion bodies. In the present study, we report on the development of optimized processes for isolation, solubilization, and refolding of reteplase inclusion bodies to recover active protein. After protein overexpression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) inclusion bodies were isolated by cell disruption and repeated wash of pellet with buffer containing Triton X-100. To solubilize the inclusion bodies, different types, concentrations, pHs, and additives of denaturing agents were used. Rapid micro dilution method was applied for refolding of solubilized reteplase. Different chemical additives including sugars, alcohols, polymers, detergents, amino acids, kosmotropic, and chaotropic salts, reducing agents, and buffering agents were used in the refolding buffer. To evaluate the biological activity of refolded reteplase, an indirect chromogenic assay was performed. The best solubilizing agent for dissolving reteplase inclusion bodies was 6 M urea at pH 12. The optimized buffer for refolding of solubilized reteplase was found to be 1.15 M glucose, 9.16 mM imidazole, and 0.16 M sorbitol which resulted in high yield of biologically active protein. Our results indicate type, concentration, and pH of solvent and type, concentration, and combination of chemical additives can significantly influence the yield of inclusion bodies solubilization and refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Esmaili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080 10.1242/jeb.069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Thermostable exoshells fold and stabilize recombinant proteins. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1442. [PMID: 29129910 PMCID: PMC5682286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and stabilization of recombinant proteins is fundamental to basic and applied biology. Here we have engineered a thermostable protein nanoparticle (tES) to improve both expression and stabilization of recombinant proteins using this technology. tES provides steric accommodation and charge complementation to green fluorescent protein (GFPuv), horseradish peroxidase (HRPc), and Renilla luciferase (rLuc), improving the yields of functional in vitro folding by ~100-fold. Encapsulated enzymes retain the ability to metabolize small-molecule substrates, presumably via four 4.5-nm pores present in the tES shell. GFPuv exhibits no spectral shifts in fluorescence compared to a nonencapsulated control. Thermolabile proteins internalized by tES are resistant to thermal, organic, chaotropic, and proteolytic denaturation and can be released from the tES assembly with mild pH titration followed by proteolysis. Improving recombinant protein expression and stabilization remains a significant challenge. Here, the authors engineer Archaeoglobus fulgidus ferritin as a thermostable exoshell to provide steric accommodation and charge complementation for recombinant proteins, which can improve yields by 100 fold.
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25
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Computer Simulation and Additive-Based Refolding Process of Cysteine-Rich Proteins: VEGF-A as a Model. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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A Systematic Protein Refolding Screen Method using the DGR Approach Reveals that Time and Secondary TSA are Essential Variables. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9355. [PMID: 28839267 PMCID: PMC5570958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Refolding of proteins derived from inclusion bodies is very promising as it can provide a reliable source of target proteins of high purity. However, inclusion body-based protein production is often limited by the lack of techniques for the detection of correctly refolded protein. Thus, the selection of the refolding conditions is mostly achieved using trial and error approaches and is thus a time-consuming process. In this study, we use the latest developments in the differential scanning fluorimetry guided refolding approach as an analytical method to detect correctly refolded protein. We describe a systematic buffer screen that contains a 96-well primary pH-refolding screen in conjunction with a secondary additive screen. Our research demonstrates that this approach could be applied for determining refolding conditions for several proteins. In addition, it revealed which “helper” molecules, such as arginine and additives are essential. Four different proteins: HA-RBD, MDM2, IL-17A and PD-L1 were used to validate our refolding approach. Our systematic protocol evaluates the impact of the “helper” molecules, the pH, buffer system and time on the protein refolding process in a high-throughput fashion. Finally, we demonstrate that refolding time and a secondary thermal shift assay buffer screen are critical factors for improving refolding efficiency.
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27
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Refolding of laccase from Trametes versicolor using aqueous two phase systems: Effect of different additives. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1507:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sharma GS, Singh LR. Polyols Have Unique Ability to Refold Protein as Compared to Other Osmolyte Types. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:465-473. [PMID: 28371604 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Effects of solvent environments on protein refolding have gained significant attention due to their biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Recent advances have shown that a number of organic osmolytes have the unique ability to induce proper folding of several misfolded proteins and simultaneously inhibit aggregation during the process. In the present study, we investigated the effects of polyol osmolytes on the refolding of guanidinium chloride-denatured ribonuclease-A (RNase-A) and compared it with that of other osmolyte types. Measurements of enzymatic activity parameters (Km and kcat) clearly indicate that polyol-induced RNase-A folding enhanced its catalytic efficiency as compared to folding in the absence of osmolytes or in the presence of osmolytes of other types. Furthermore, structural characterization revealed that the increase in catalytic efficiency stems from conformational alterations of the polyol-induced folded protein molecules as compared to other types of osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Sharma
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang C, Guo F, Feng C, Li X, Shi H, Su Z. High hydrostatic pressure enables almost 100% refolding of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor from inclusion bodies at high concentration. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:152-159. [PMID: 28323167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein refolding from inclusion bodies (IBs) often encounters a problem of low recovery at high protein concentration. In this study, we demonstrated that high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) could simultaneously achieve high refolding concentration and high refolding yield for IBs of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rhCNTF), a potential therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases. The use of dilution refolding obtained 18% recovery at 3 mg/mL, even in the presence of 4 M urea. In contrast, HHP refolding could efficiently increase the recovery up to almost 100% even at 4 mg/mL. It was found that in the dilution, hydrophobic aggregates were the off-path products and their amount increased with the protein concentration. However, HHP could effectively minimize the formation of hydrophobic aggregates, leading to almost complete conversion of the rhCNTF IBs to the correct configuration. The stable operation range of concentration is 0.5-4.0 mg/mL, in which the refolding yield was almost 100%. Compared with the literatures where HHP failed to increase the refolding yield beyond 90%, the reason could be attributed to the structural difference that rhCNTF has no disulfide bond and is a monomeric protein. After purification by one-step of anionic chromatography, the purity of rhCNTF reached 95% with total process recovery of 54.1%. The purified rhCNTF showed similar structure and in vitro bioactivity to the native species. The whole process featured integration of solubilization/refolding, a high refolding yield of 100%, a high concentration of 4 mg/mL, and a simple chromatography to ensure a high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fangxia Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Cui Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xiunan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hong Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Wang N, Ren K, Jia R, Chen W, Sun R. Expression of a fungal manganese peroxidase in Escherichia coli: a comparison between the soluble and refolded enzymes. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:87. [PMID: 27908283 PMCID: PMC5134096 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Irpex lacteus F17 has been shown to have a strong ability to degrade recalcitrant aromatic pollutants. In this study, a recombinant MnP from I. lacteus F17 was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) in the form of inclusion bodies, which were refolded to achieve an active enzyme. Further, we optimized the in vitro refolding conditions to increase the recovery yield of the recombinant protein production. Additionally, we attempted to express recombinant MnP in soluble form in E. coli, and compared its activity with that of refolded MnP. RESULTS Refolded MnP was obtained by optimizing the in vitro refolding conditions, and soluble MnP was produced in the presence of four additives, TritonX-100, Tween-80, ethanol, and glycerol, through incubation at 16 °C. Hemin and Ca2+ supplementation was crucial for the activity of the recombinant protein. Compared with refolded MnP, soluble MnP showed low catalytic efficiencies for Mn2+ and H2O2 substrates, but the two enzymes had an identical, broad range substrate specificity, and the ability to decolorize azo dyes. Furthermore, their enzymatic spectral characteristics were analysed by circular dichroism (CD), electronic absorption spectrum (UV-VIS), fluorescence and Raman spectra, indicating the differences in protein conformation between soluble and refolded MnP. Subsequently, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses demonstrated that refolded MnP was a good monomer in solution, while soluble MnP predominantly existed in the oligomeric status. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that two forms of recombinant MnP could be expressed in E. coli by varying the culture conditions during protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Jia
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenting Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
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Faiad W, Hanano A, Kabakibi MM, Abbady AQ. Immuno-detection of dioxins using a recombinant protein of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) fused with sfGFP. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:51. [PMID: 27328714 PMCID: PMC4915173 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxins are one of the most toxic groups of persistent organic pollutants. Their bioaccumulation through the food chain constitutes a potential risk for human health. Upon cell entry, dioxins bind specifically and firmly to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), leading to the stimulation of several enzymes responsible for its detoxification. Dioxin/AhR interaction could be exploited as an affordable alternative to a variety of analytical methods for detecting dioxin contamination in the environment. RESULTS In this work, the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the AhR was cloned downstream a superfolder form of the green fluorescent protein (sfGFP), resulting in the construct pRSET-sfGFP-AhR. High level of expressed sfGFP-AhR fusion protein (50 kDa) was recovered from the inclusion bodies of E. coli by simple solubilization with the Arginine, and purified by affinity chromatography via its N-terminal 6 × His tag. Its purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis and immunoblotting with anti-His or anti-GFP antibodies. Indirect ELISA revealed the ability of the sfGFP-AhR, but not the sfGFP, to bind to the immobilized dioxin with the possibility to detect such interaction by both its 6 × His and GFP tags,Competitive ELISA showed that anti-dioxin antibody was more sensitive to low dioxin concentrations than sfGFP-AhR. Nevertheless,the detection range of sfGFP-AhR fusion was much wider and the detection limit was of about 10 ppt (parts per trillion) of free dioxin in the tested artificial samples. CONCLUSIONS this highly expressed and functional sfGFP-AhR fusion protein provides a promising molecular tool for detecting and quantifying different congeners of dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Faiad
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Abdul Qader Abbady
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria.
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Eggenreich B, Willim M, Wurm DJ, Herwig C, Spadiut O. Production strategies for active heme-containing peroxidases from E. coli inclusion bodies - a review. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 10:75-83. [PMID: 28352527 PMCID: PMC5040872 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Heme-containing peroxidases are frequently used in medical applications. However, these enzymes are still extracted from their native source, which leads to inadequate yields and a mixture of isoenzymes differing in glycosylation which limits subsequent enzyme applications. Thus, recombinant production of these enzymes in Escherichia coli is a reasonable alternative. Even though production yields are high, the product is frequently found as protein aggregates called inclusion bodies (IBs). These IBs have to be solubilized and laboriously refolded to obtain active enzyme. Unfortunately, refolding yields are still very low making the recombinant production of these enzymes in E. coli not competitive. Motivated by the high importance of that enzyme class, this review aims at providing a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art strategies to obtain active peroxidases from IBs. Additionally, various refolding techniques, which have not yet been used for this enzyme class, are discussed to show alternative and potentially more efficient ways to obtain active peroxidases from E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Eggenreich
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melissa Willim
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Johannes Wurm
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Michaux C, Roussel G, Lopes-Rodrigues M, Matagne A, Perpète E. Unravelling the mechanisms of a protein refolding process based on the association of detergents and co-solvents. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:485-91. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Michaux
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - G. Roussel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - M. Lopes-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - A. Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6; University of Liège; 7 Place du 20 août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - E.A. Perpète
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
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Pathak M, Dixit S, Muthukumar S, Rathore AS. Analytical characterization of in vitro refolding in the quality by design paradigm: Refolding of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 126:124-31. [PMID: 27206104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein based therapeutics dominate most pharmaceutical pipelines today. For a therapeutic product to be effective, it is important that it is in its native form as slight modifications have been known to result in significantly different performance in the clinic. When expressed in hosts such as Escherichia coli, formation of inactive insoluble aggregates of proteins popularly known as inclusion bodies occurs in most cases. This necessitates the need for in vitro refolding to generate the native (and active) form of the therapeutic protein. This paper aims to provide an approach to generate a deeper understanding of refolding of a therapeutic protein and then to use it for its optimal production commercially. Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor has been chosen as the model protein. Seven orthogonal analytical tools have been used to elucidate the refolding process. By strategically using these tools protein refolding has been segregated into a series of well-defined sequence of events, starting from the unfolded random coil and ending with the uniquely folded metastable state. The study also suggests the choice of tools that can be used to monitor each event. We believe that this paper successfully demonstrates an approach to generate deeper understanding of the protein refolding process as per the expectations laid out in the Quality by Design paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Dixit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi, India
| | - S Muthukumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, HauzKhas, New Delhi, India.
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhang C, Li X, Gao Q, Dong C, Liu Y, Su Z. Improving the refolding efficiency for proinsulin aspart inclusion body with optimized buffer compositions. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 122:1-7. [PMID: 26826314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Successfully recovering proinsulin's native conformation from inclusion body is the crucial step to guarantee high efficiency for insulin's manufacture. Here, two by-products of disulfide-linked oligomers and disulfide-isomerized monomers were clearly identified during proinsulin aspart's refolding through multiple analytic methods. Arginine and urea are both used to assist in proinsulin refolding, however the efficacy and possible mechanism was found to be different. The oligomers formed with urea were of larger size than with arginine. With the urea concentrations increasing from 2 M to 4 M, the content of oligomers decreased greatly, but simultaneously the refolding yield at the protein concentration of 0.5 mg/mL decreased from 40% to 30% due to the increase of disulfide-isomerized monomers. In contrast, with arginine concentrations increasing up to 1 M, the refolding yield gradually increased to 50% although the content for oligomers also decreased. Moreover, it was demonstrated that not redox pairs but only oxidant was necessary to facilitate the native disulfide bonds formation for the reduced denatured proinsulin. An oxidative agent of selenocystamine could increase the yield up to 80% in the presence of 0.5 M arginine. Further study demonstrated that refolding with 2 M urea instead of 0.5 M arginine could achieve similar yield as protein concentration is slightly reduced to 0.3 mg/mL. In this case, refolded proinsulin was directly purified through one-step of anionic exchange chromatography, with a recovery of 32% and purity up to 95%. All the results could be easily adopted in insulin's industrial manufacture for improving the production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xiunan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Novo Nordisk Research Center China, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Changqing Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yongdong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Rathore AS, Pathak M, Godara A. Process development in the QbD paradigm: Role of process integration in process optimization for production of biotherapeutics. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:355-62. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag S. Rathore
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
| | - Mili Pathak
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
| | - Avinash Godara
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas, New Delhi India
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Expression and purification of biologically active recombinant human paraoxonase 1 from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 115:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Optimizing conditions for production of high levels of soluble recombinant human growth hormone using Taguchi method. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Zakharova GS, Poloznikov AA, Chubar TA, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI. High-yield reactivation of anionic tobacco peroxidase overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 113:85-93. [PMID: 25986322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anionic tobacco peroxidase (TOP) is extremely active in chemiluminescence reaction of luminol oxidation without addition of enhancers and more stable than horseradish peroxidase under antibody conjugation conditions. In addition, recombinant TOP (rTOP) produced in Escherichia coli is known to be a perfect direct electron transfer catalyst on electrodes of various origin. These features make the task of development of a high-yield reactivation protocol for rTOP practically important. Previous attempts to reactivate the enzyme from E. coli inclusion bodies were successful, but the reported reactivation yield was only 14%. In this work, we thoroughly screened the refolding conditions for dilution protocol and compared it with gel-filtration chromatography. The impressive reactivation yield in the dilution protocol (85%) was achieved for 8 μg/mL solubilized rTOP protein and the refolding medium containing 0.3 mM oxidized glutathione, 0.05 mM dithiothreitol, 5 mM CaCl2, 5% glycerol in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 9.6, with 1 μM hemin added at the 24th hour of incubation. A practically important discovery was a 30-40% increase in the reactivation yield upon delayed addition of hemin. The reactivation yield achieved is one of the highest reported in the literature on protein refolding by dilution. The final yield of purified active non-glycosylated rTOP was ca. 60 mg per L of E. coli culture, close to the yield reported before for tomato and tobacco plants overexpressing glycosylated TOP (60 mg/kg biomass) and much higher than for the previously reported refolding protocol (2.6 mg per L of E. coli culture).
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zakharova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Poloznikov
- Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Chubar
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Gazaryan
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Tishkov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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Patil NA, Tailhades J, Hughes RA, Separovic F, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Cellular disulfide bond formation in bioactive peptides and proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1791-805. [PMID: 25594871 PMCID: PMC4307334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides play important roles in metabolic regulation and modulation and many are used as therapeutics. These peptides often possess disulfide bonds, which are important for their structure, function and stability. A systematic network of enzymes--a disulfide bond generating enzyme, a disulfide bond donor enzyme and a redox cofactor--that function inside the cell dictates the formation and maintenance of disulfide bonds. The main pathways that catalyze disulfide bond formation in peptides and proteins in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are remarkably similar and share several mechanistic features. This review summarizes the formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins by cellular and recombinant machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin A Patil
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Julien Tailhades
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Richard Anthony Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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41
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Dong XY, Chen R, Yang CY, Sun Y. Sequential tentacle grafting and charge modification for enhancing charge density of mono-sized beads for facilitated protein refolding and purification from inclusion bodies. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:172. [PMID: 24860555 PMCID: PMC4029002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins. Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression platform. For this reason, there are many molecular tools and protocols at hand for the high-level production of heterologous proteins, such as a vast catalog of expression plasmids, a great number of engineered strains and many cultivation strategies. We review the different approaches for the synthesis of recombinant proteins in E. coli and discuss recent progress in this ever-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
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Gao M, Tong Y, Gao X, Yao W. PEGylation-aided refolding of globular adiponectin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1525-30. [PMID: 23512209 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Globular adiponectin (GAD) as the active domain of adiponectin is a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug development. The recombinant production of GAD in Escherichia coli, however, is difficult because it is mainly expressed as inclusion bodies which need to be refolded to regain function. In this study we developed a novel method for refolding of GAD with a high efficiency by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugation. An artificially designed DNA sequence encoding for GAD was synthesized and inserted into the pET28a vector to construct an expression plasmid which was thereafter transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) host cells for heterologous expression. After bacterial cell culture employing auto-induction medium, the inclusion bodies were collected, washed and dissolved in guanidine hydrochloride before PEG conjugation. Then the PEG-conjugated GAD was refolded by dialysis and purified by two steps of chromatography. The refolded conjugate showed a marked glucose-lowering activity in mice, demonstrating that it had been successfully refolded. As a convenient method, PEGylation-aided refolding could also be tested on other proteins to explore its suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
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