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Garg J, Ghoshal G, Sharma G, Katare OP, Bhadada S. Self Emulsifying Delivery System of Cissus quadrangularis: Evidence of Enhanced Efficacy and Promising Pharmacokinetic Profile in the Management of Osteoporosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:107. [PMID: 38730121 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment therapies used to manage osteoporosis are associated with severe side effects. So worldwide herbs are widely studied to develop alternative safe & effective treatments. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) has a significant role in bone health and fracture healing. It is documented that its extracts increase osteoblastic differentiation & mineralization. Currently, Cissus quadrangularis is available in the form of tablets in the market for oral delivery. But these conventional forms are associated with poor bioavailability. There is a need for a novel drug delivery system with improving oral bioavailability. Therefore, a Cissus quadrangularis-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (CQ-SEDDS) was developed which disperses rapidly in the gastrointestinal fluids, yielding nano-emulsions containing a solubilized drug. This solubilized form of the drug can be easily absorbed through lymphatic pathways and bypass the hepatic first-pass effect. The emulsification efficiency, zeta potential, globule size, in-vitro dissolution, ex-vivo, in-vivo and bone marker studies were performed to assess the absorption and permeation potential of CQ incorporated in SEDDS. CQ-SEDDS with excipients Tween 80, Cremophor RH40, Transcutol HP & α-Tocopherol acetate had shown about 76% enhancement in the bioavailability of active constituents of CQ. This study provided the pre-clinical data of CQ-SEDDS using osteoporotic rat model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Garg
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gargi Ghoshal
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - O P Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Sanjay Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Joshi DD, Deb L, Somkuwar BG, Rana VS. Potential use of barks of woody vascular plants in bone mending: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101714. [PMID: 37559869 PMCID: PMC10406872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic drugs to overcome bone ailments causes severe side effects, but the application of herbals is helpful in maintaining bone health and accelerating bone mending. Currently, there is no oral allopathic medicine to hasten bone healing, though folk and traditional practices have adopted herbal to fasten the recovery from bone ailments. Earliest recovery is a universally desired phenomenon, especially for elderly people where many more cases of traumatic injuries are common along the compromised body immunity. The computerized database search engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, etc., and textbooks were used to collect all relevant information about barks for bone mending activity published from 1990 onwards using certain keywords such as bark, folklore/ traditional bone healing practices, and phytopharmacology. The results obtained were compiled to make this review and related information is tabulated herewith. Traditional herbal bone healing exists in every society in the world. The plant barks of a few species (e.g., Ficus religiosa, Prunus cerasoides, Terminalia arjuna, etc.) have outstanding significance for bone healing because of their special chemical composition and novel properties to reduce swelling, pain, soreness, and speedy recovery of functions. Mostly bark extracts are rich in polyphenols, and minerals, represented with antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antibacterial properties, etc. There is a diversity of bark utilization for bone healing from different plant species, globally, of which only a few have been phytopharmacologically deciphered. Validated bark ingredients as medicine or food supplements are more useful due to the least side effects. Entrepreneurs have a scope to use bioactive obtained from plant barks that have not been scientifically screened till now. The research focused on the commercial application of plant barks as green medicine needs fingerprints of bioactive and clinically validated data including the concentration of biomarkers in the blood (IC50) for reducing the healing period. Phytopharmacological screening of barks used in folk medicine and synthesizing the therapeutics at mega quantities in industries is an array of hopes for sustainable utilization of natural resources. The bio-stimulating knowledge of certain herbal ingredients will be helpful in the development of synergistic formulations for rapid bone mending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Datt Joshi
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, UP, India
- Amity Herbal Consortium, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, UP, India
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD)-Regional Centre, Sikkim, 5th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Bharat G. Somkuwar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Node Mizoram, A-1, C/o P. Lalthangzauva Building, Chawnga Road, Nursery Veng, Aizawl, 796005, Mizoram, India
| | - Virendra Singh Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012. India
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3
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Anwar A, Sapra L, Gupta N, Ojha RP, Verma B, Srivastava RK. Fine-tuning osteoclastogenesis: An insight into the cellular and molecular regulation of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, are essential for the bone remodeling process and are involved in the pathophysiology of several bone-related diseases. The extensive corpus of in vitro research and crucial mouse model studies in the 1990s demonstrated the key roles of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and integrin αvβ3 in osteoclast biology. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which these variables control osteoclast differentiation and function has significantly advanced in the first decade of this century. Recent developments have revealed a number of novel insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing the differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts; however, these mechanisms have not yet been adequately documented. Thus, in the present review, we discuss various regulatory factors including local and hormonal factors, innate as well as adaptive immune cells, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), etc., in the molecular regulation of the intricate and tightly regulated process of osteoclastogenesis. ncRNAs have a critical role as epigenetic controllers of osteoclast physiologic activities, including differentiation and bone resorption. The primary ncRNAs, which include micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, form a complex network that affects gene transcription activities associated with osteoclast biological activity. Greater knowledge of the involvement of ncRNAs in osteoclast biological activities will contribute to the treatment and management of several skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Moreover, we further outline potential therapies targeting these regulatory pathways of osteoclastogenesis in distinct bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Anwar
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Navita Gupta
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rudra P Ojha
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Gram Bharati University, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology & Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Sharma A, Sharma C, Shah OP, Chigurupati S, Ashokan B, Meerasa SS, Rashid S, Behl T, Bungau SG. Understanding the mechanistic potential of plant based phytochemicals in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114850. [PMID: 37172332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, an epidemic disorder is defined as a loss in bone mineral density and a greater possibility of fractures in older women. It is a multifactorial disease under the control of various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Insufficiency of estrogen hormone, leads to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), despite being the most effective treatment, it is associated with the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This review seeks to compile the most recent information on medicinal plants and natural compounds used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, the origin, chemical constituents and the molecular mechanisms responsible for this therapeutic and preventive effect are also discussed. Literature research was conducted using PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Different plant extracts and pure compounds exerts their antiosteoporotic activity by inhibition of RANKL and upregulation of OPG. RANKL signaling regulates osteoclast formation, characterized by increased bone turnover and osteoprotegrin is a decoy receptor for RANKL thereby preventing bone loss from excessive resorption. In addition, this review also includes the chemical structure of bioactive compounds acting on NFκB, TNF α, RUNX2. In conclusion, we propose that postmenopausal osteoporosis could be prevented or treated with herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Chakshu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Om Praksah Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sceinces, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105 India
| | - Bhaskaran Ashokan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15526, Saudi Arabia
| | - Semmal Syed Meerasa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15526, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
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Ruangsuriya J, Charumanee S, Jiranusornkul S, Sirisa-Ard P, Sirithunyalug B, Sirithunyalug J, Pattananandecha T, Saenjum C. Depletion of β-sitosterol and enrichment of quercetin and rutin in Cissus quadrangularis Linn fraction enhanced osteogenic but reduced osteoclastogenic marker expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:105. [PMID: 32245457 PMCID: PMC7119164 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) has been used in Indian and Thai traditional medicine for healing bone fractures because of numerous active ingredients in CQ. It is still unclear which compounds are the active ingredients for bone formation. Methods The molecular docking technique, the ethanolic extraction along with hexane fractionation, and an in vitro experiment with a human osteoblast cell line (MG-63) were used to narrow down the active compounds, to prepare the CQ extract, and to test biological activities, respectively. Results The molecular docking technique revealed that quercetin and β-sitosterol had highest and lowest potential to bind to estrogen receptors, respectively. Compared to the crude ethanol extract (P1), the ethanolic fraction (P2) was enriched with rutin and quercetin at 65.36 ± 0.75 and 1.06 ± 0.12 mg/g, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly enhanced in osteoblasts exposed to the P2 in both tested concentrations. The amount of hydroxyproline was slightly increased in the P1 treatment, while osteocalcin was inhibited. Moreover, the P2 significantly activated osteoprotegerin (OPG) and inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor κ ligand (RANKL) expression. Conclusions Taken together, the enriched rutin and quercetin fraction of CQ triggered the molecules involved in bone formation and the molecules inhibiting bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suporn Charumanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Panee Sirisa-Ard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Busaban Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanawat Pattananandecha
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity based Economic and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Guerra JM, Hanes MA, Rasa C, Loganathan N, Innis-Whitehouse W, Gutierrez E, Nair S, Banu J. Modulation of bone turnover by Cissus quadrangularis after ovariectomy in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:780-795. [PMID: 30756174 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In women, age-related bone loss is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. Existing therapies are associated with severe side effects; thus, there is a need to find alternative medicines with less or optimal side effects. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), an Ayurvedic medicine used to enhance fracture healing, was tested for its bone protective properties and studied to discern the mechanism by which it is beneficial to bone. Female Sprague Dawley rats were either sham operated or ovariectomized and were fed CQ for 3 months. Several biochemical markers, cytokines and hormones were assayed. Femur, tibia and lumbar vertebrae were subjected to pQCT and µCT densitometry. MC3T3 cells were cultured, treated with CQ and used to analyze miRNA content and subjected to qPCR for gene expression analysis related to bone metabolism. CQO rats showed protected bone mass and microarchitecture of trabecular bone in the distal femoral metaphysis and the proximal tibial metaphysis. The lumbar vertebrae, however, showed no significant changes. Serum protein expression levels of P1NP increased and Trap5b and CTX levels decreased with in vivo CQ treatment. Some influence on the anti- and pro-inflammatory markers was also observed. Significantly high level of estradiol in the CQO rats was observed. In vitro expression of a few genes related to bone metabolism showed that osteocalcin increased significantly. The other genes-collagen I expression, SPP1, BMP2, DCAT1-decreased significantly. Certain miRNA that regulate bone turnover using the BMP pathway and Wnt signaling pathways were upregulated by CQ. qPCR after acute treatment with CQ showed significantly increased levels of osteocalcin and decreased levels of Wnt/β catenin antagonist DCAT1. Overall, CQ protected the microarchitecture of the long bones from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. This may be because of decreased inflammation and modulation through the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. We conclude that CQ is a potential therapeutic agent to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis with no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Guerra
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Martha A Hanes
- Department of Lab Animal Resources, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Cordelia Rasa
- Department of Lab Animal Resources, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | | | - Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Ednia Gutierrez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Saraswathy Nair
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA
| | - Jameela Banu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201, W University Dr., Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
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Toor RH, Malik S, Qamar H, Batool F, Tariq M, Nasir Z, Tassaduq R, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Shakoori AR. Osteogenic potential of hexane and dichloromethane fraction of
Cissus quadrangularis
on murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3‐E1 (subclone 4). J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23082-23096. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail H. Toor
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shabana Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Haleema Qamar
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faiza Batool
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maira Tariq
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nasir
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tassaduq
- Department of Biotechnology Kinnaird College for Women Lahore Punjab Pakistan
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Abdul R. Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan
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8
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Toor RH, Tasadduq R, Adhikari A, Chaudhary MI, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Shakoori AR. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction of Cissus quadrangularis promotes the mineralization potential of murine pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 (sub-clone 4). J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10300-10314. [PMID: 30443977 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In a sequel to investigate osteogenic potential of ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), the present study reports the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization potential of ethyl acetate (CQ-EA) and butanol (CQ-B) extracts of CQ on mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 (sub-clone 4) with an objective to isolate an antiosteoporotic compound. Growth curve, proliferation, and viability assays showed that both the extracts were nontoxic to the cells even at high concentration (100 µg/ml). The cell proliferation was enhanced at low concentrations (0.1 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml) of both the extracts. They also upregulated the osteoblast differentiation and mineralization processes in MC3T3-E1 cells as reflected by expression profile of osteoblast marker genes such as RUNX2, Osterix, Collagen (COL1A1), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Integrin-related Bone Sialoprotein (IBSP), Osteopontin (OPN), and Osteocalcin (OCN). CQ-EA treatment resulted in early differentiation and mineralization as compared with the CQ-B treatment. These findings suggest that low concentrations of CQ-EA and CQ-B have proliferative and osteogenic properties. CQ-EA, however, is more potent osteogenic than CQ-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Hassan Toor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tasadduq
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Chaudhary
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Tamburaci S, Kimna C, Tihminlioglu F. Novel phytochemical Cissus quadrangularis extract–loaded chitosan/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose–based scaffolds for bone regeneration. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911518793913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are attracting considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for bone tissue regeneration. Cissus quadrangularis L. is also a medicinal plant known with its osteogenic activity. In this study, a phytochemical scaffold was produced by incorporating Cissus quadrangularis with chitosan/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose blend by lyophilization technique. The effect of Cissus quadrangularis loading on the mechanical, morphological, chemical, and degradation properties as well as in vitro cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and differentiation of the composites was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that porous Cissus quadrangularis–loaded scaffolds were obtained with an average pore size of 148–209 µm which is appropriate for bone regeneration. Cissus quadrangularis incorporation enhanced the compression modulus of scaffolds from 76 to 654 kPa. In vitro cell culture results indicated that Cissus quadrangularis/chitosan/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose scaffolds provided a favorable substrate for the osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization. Results supported the osteoinductive property of the Cissus quadrangularis extract–incorporated scaffolds even without osteogenic media supplement. Cissus quadrangularis extract increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of the SaOS-2 cells on scaffolds on 7th and 14th days of incubation. The investigation of characterization and cell culture studies suggest that Cissus quadrangularis–loaded osteoinductive Cissus quadrangularis/chitosan/Na-carboxymethyl cellulose scaffold can serve as a potential biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Tamburaci
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Kimna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Funda Tihminlioglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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10
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Kania N, Widowati W, Dewi FRP, Christianto A, Setiawan B, Budhiparama N, Noor Z. Cinnamomum burmanini Blume increases bone turnover marker and induces tibia's granule formation in ovariectomized rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 9:20-26. [PMID: 29198835 PMCID: PMC5884038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fragility and an increase in susceptibility to fracture osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and the micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue. There is no previous study regarding the effect of Cinnamomum burmanini Blume on osteoporosis. Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effect of C. burmanini Blume on bone turnover marker, mineral elements, and mesostructure of ovariectomized rats. Materials and methods Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a control group (sham surgery), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy groups in the presence of ethanolic extract of C. burmanini Blume (EECB) at doses of 12.5; 25; 50 mg/kg body weight (BW). Analysis of serum C-telopeptide collagen type I (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC) were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tibia mineral elements and mesostructure were analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy, respectively. In silico study was performed by modeling protein structure using SWISS-MODEL server and Ramachandran plot analysis. Results The increase in OC and CTX were significantly attenuated by treatments of EECB. Ovariectomy significantly decreased Cu/Zn ratio compared to sham-operated rats (p < 0.05). Mesostructure of ovariectomized rats was significantly different compared with the control group. Conclusion Cinnamon was able to normalize bone turnover markers, but, the mesostructure of hydroxyapatite crystal growth was achieved at the highest dose extract. In silico study showed that the active compound of EECB could not only support osteoclastogenesis process by decreasing the binding energy between RANKL and RANK, but also by inhibiting the interaction between OPG and RANK. Administration EECB significantly increased OC and CTX level compared to OVX group. The ratio of Cu/Zn was lower significantly in OVX rats compared to sham-operated rats. Hydroxyapatite crystal growth can reach at the highest dose of Cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Kania
- Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Pathology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
| | - Wahyu Widowati
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Bambang Setiawan
- Research Center for Toxicology, Cancer, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nicolaas Budhiparama
- Budhiparama Institute of Hip and Knee Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty, Sports Medicine and Osteoporosis, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zairin Noor
- Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Sawangjit R, Puttarak P, Saokaew S, Chaiyakunapruk N. Efficacy and Safety ofCissus quadrangularisL. in Clinical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phytother Res 2017; 31:555-567. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratree Sawangjit
- Clinical Pharmacy Research Unit (CPRU), Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Mahasarakham University; Kamrieng, Kantarawichai District Maha Sarakham 44150 Thailand
- School of Pharmacy; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
| | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Prince of Songkla University; Songkhla Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- School of Pharmacy; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Phayao; Phayao Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- School of Pharmacy; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
- School of Population Health; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- School of Pharmacy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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Sompong W, Muangngam N, Kongpatpharnich A, Manacharoenlarp C, Amorworasin C, Suantawee T, Thilavech T, Adisakwattana S. The inhibitory activity of herbal medicines on the keys enzymes and steps related to carbohydrate and lipid digestion. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:439. [PMID: 27814716 PMCID: PMC5097378 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and overweight are consistently associated with metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Herbal medicines have been currently suggested as an alternative source of potentially useful antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibitory effects of eleven herbal medicines on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes and the key steps of lipid digestion including the inhibition of micelle formation and the ability to bind bile acid. In addition, antioxidant activity of herbal medicines was also investigated. METHODS α-Glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of aqueous extract of herbal medicines were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric assay. The formation of cholesterol micelles was determined using the cholesterol assay kit. The bile acid binding was measured using the colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activities were assessed by using four methods including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity ORAC), superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA). RESULTS The extracts (1 mg/mL) markedly inhibited intestinal maltase (5.16 - 44.33 %), sucrase (1.25-45.86 %), pancreatic α-amylase (1.75-12.53 %), pancreatic lipase (21.42-85.93 %), and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (2.92-53.35 %). The results showed that all extracts exhibited the inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase with the IC50 values ranging from 0.015 to 4.259 mg/mL. In addition, the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles was inhibited by the extracts (6.64-33.74 %). The extracts also bound glycodeoxycholic acid (9.9-15.08 %), taurodeoxycholic acid (12.55-18.18 %), and taurocholic acid (11.91 - 18.4 %). Furthermore, the extracts possessed various antioxidant activities including the TEAC values (0.50 - 4.70 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the ORAC values (9.14-44.41 μmol trolox/mg dried extract), the SRSA (0.31 - 18.82 mg trolox/mg dried extract), and the HRSA (0.05-2.29 mg trolox/mg dried extract). The findings indicated that Syzygium aromaticum, Phyllanthus amarus, Thunbergia laurifolia were the effective promising antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agents. Statistical analysis demonstrated strong positive significant correlations between the contents of phenolic compounds and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.885, p < 0.001), % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.761, p < 0.001), and the TEAC value (r = 0.840, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a strongly positive correlation between the TEAC value and % inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol esterase (r = 0.851, p < 0.001) and % inhibition of pancreatic lipase (r = 0.755, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Three herbal medicines including Syzygium aromaticum, Thunbergia laurifolia, and Phyllanthus amarus markedly inhibited the intestinal α-glucosidase, pancreatic α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, and pancreatic cholesterol esterase. They also reduced formation of cholesterol micelle and bound bile acid. The findings indicate that these herbal medicines might be a promising agent for antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant activities.
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Beneficial Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on Osteopenia Associated with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Male Wistar Rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:483051. [PMID: 24803925 PMCID: PMC3997883 DOI: 10.1155/2014/483051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroleum ether fraction of Cissus quadrangularis (PECQ) impact on the development of osteopenia in type 1 diabetic rat model has been evaluated. Diabetic rats were treated orally with two doses of PECQ. Another group of diabetic rats were treated with subcutaneous injection of synthetic human insulin. The cortical and trabecular bone thickness and bone strength were significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with two doses of PECQ significantly prevented these changes in diabetic rats. However, PECQ treatment (two doses) did not alter the glycemic levels in these diabetic rats. Increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and hydroxyproline were noted in diabetic rats when compared to normal control rats. The two doses of PECQ treatment further improved the serum ALP levels and significantly decreased the serum levels of TRAP and hydroxyproline. The effects of PECQ treatment on histological, biomechanical, and biochemical parameters are comparable to those of insulin. Since PECQ improves the bone health in hyperglycemic conditions by enhancing the cortical and trabecular bone growth and altering the circulating bone markers, it could be used as an effective therapy against diabetes-associated bone disorders.
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Spilmont M, Léotoing L, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Mercier S, Miot-Noirault E, Pilet P, Rios L, Wittrant Y, Coxam V. Pomegranate seed oil prevents bone loss in a mice model of osteoporosis, through osteoblastic stimulation, osteoclastic inhibition and decreased inflammatory status. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1840-8. [PMID: 23953990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the current context of longer life expectancy, the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasingly important. This is why development of new strategies of prevention is highly suitable. Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and its major component, punicic acid (a conjugated linolenic acid), have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties both in vitro and in vivo, two processes strongly involved in osteoporosis establishment. In this study, we demonstrated that PSO consumption (5% of the diet) improved significantly bone mineral density (240.24±11.85 vs. 203.04±34.19 mg/cm(3)) and prevented trabecular microarchitecture impairment in ovariectomized (OVX) mice C57BL/6J, compared to OVX control animals. Those findings are associated with transcriptional changes in bone tissue, suggesting involvement of both osteoclastogenesis inhibition and osteoblastogenesis improvement. In addition, thanks to an ex vivo experiment, we provided evidence that serum from mice fed PSO (5% by gavage) had the ability to significantly down-regulate the expression of specific osteoclast differentiation markers and RANK-RANKL downstream signaling targets in osteoclast-like cells (RAW264.7) (RANK: negative 0.49-fold vs. control conditions). Moreover, in osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1), it elicited significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity (+159% at day 7), matrix mineralization (+271% on day 21) and transcriptional levels of major osteoblast lineage markers involving the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our data also reveal that PSO inhibited pro-inflammatory factors expression while stimulating anti-inflammatory ones. These results demonstrate that PSO is highly relevant regarding osteoporosis. Indeed, it offers promising alternatives in the design of new strategies in nutritional management of age-related bone complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Spilmont
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Greentech SA, Biopôle, Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
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Banu J, Varela E, Guerra JM, Halade G, Williams PJ, Bahadur AN, Hanaoka K, Fernandes G. Dietary coral calcium and zeolite protects bone in a mouse model for postmenopausal bone loss. Nutr Res 2012; 32:965-75. [PMID: 23244542 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, calcium is lost from bones making them weaker and easily susceptible to fractures. Supplementation of calcium is highly recommended for such conditions. However, the source of calcium plays an important role in the amount of calcium that is assimilated into bone. We hypothesize that naturally occurring coral calcium and zeolite may prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss. We have measured bone loss in ovariectomized mice supplemented with coral calcium and Zeolite. Female C57BL/6 mice were either sham-operated or ovariectomized and fed diets containing coral calcium or zeolite for 6 months. Serum was analyzed for bone biochemical markers and cytokines. Bones were analyzed using dual x-ray absorbtiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and micro-computed tomography densitometry. In the distal femoral metaphysis, total bone and cortical bone mass was restored and the endocortical surface was significantly decreased in coral calcium and zeolite fed ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Trabecular number and the ratio of bone volume to total volume was higher in OVX mice after coral calcium and zeolite feeding, while trabecular separation decreased in the different treatment OVX groups. Coral calcium protected bone to a lesser extent in the proximal tibia and lumbar vertebrae. Overall, coral calcium and zeolite may protect postmenopausal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Banu
- Medical Research Division, Edinburg Regional Academic and Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
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Stohs SJ, Ray SD. A Review and Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety ofCissus quadrangularisExtracts. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J. Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions; Creighton University Medical Center; Omaha; NE 68178; USA
| | - Sidhartha D. Ray
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester College of Pharmacy; Ft. Wayne; IN 46845; USA
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