1
|
Lu T, Kong B, Wang Y, Yu J, Pan Y, Chen D, Li H, Chen X, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Zhang J, Ding T, Zhang G, Fan Q, Wang X. Compound Kushen injection combined with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: An evidence map and overview of systematic reviews. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117267. [PMID: 37838291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compound Kushen injection (CKi) is commonly used in combination with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). AIMS OF THE STUDY Our objective was to evaluate the reporting quality, methodological quality, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence for CKi combined with TACE for the treatment of patients with HCC by conducting systematic reviews (SRs). The purpose of this study was to improve the clinical application of CKis, strengthen clinical decision-making regarding CKis, and inform future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used eight databases to systematically search SRs of CKi combined with TACE for HCC through February 21, 2023. The quality of reporting of SRs was evaluated using the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, methodological quality using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2, risk of bias using the Risk of Bias in Systematic Review, and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment. Finally, the assessment results were visualized by the evidence mapping method. This overview has been registered on PROSPERO with the registration title "Compound Kushen injection for hepatocellular carcinoma: An overview of systematic reviews" and registration number CRD42022369120. RESULTS A total of 12 SRs meeting the inclusion criteria were included. In terms of reporting quality, 42% of SRs reported relatively complete reports and 58% had certain deficiencies. The methodological quality of all SRs was " critically low". The risk of bias was evaluated as low in 33% of SRs and high in 67% of SRs. The results of the evidence synthesis showed that, in the "moderate" level of evidence, CKi combined with TACE resulted in a 12.7%-21.5% benefit for one-year survival rate, 11.7%-17.2% benefit for objective response rate (ORR), 20.5%-27.1% benefit for quality of life, 22.2% benefit for nausea and vomiting, and 24.7%-27.4% benefit for leukopenia in HCC patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, CKi combined with TACE improved survival, ORR and quality of life in patients with HCC, and reduced adverse events. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the low methodological quality of the included SRs. The clinical efficacy of CKis must be confirmed in a large number of randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Bingtan Kong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuancan Pan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Haiming Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zichun Yuan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhengzheng Yang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Tongjing Ding
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ganlin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Qingsheng Fan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Wang K, Liu Z, Lü Y, Wang C, Yi X, Guo J. Compound Kushen injection inhibits EMT of gastric cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:161. [PMID: 35590327 PMCID: PMC9121642 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effective components contained in compound Kushen injection (CKI) and the genes and signalling pathways related to gastric cancer (GC) were analyzed through the network pharmacology method of traditional Chinese medicine, and various possible mechanisms by which CKI affects the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and metastasis of GC cells were discussed. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is considered to be one of the most important pathways targeted by CKI in the regulation of GC cells. The implementation of related cell experiments also confirmed the information we revealed. Methods Effective drug components of Kushen and Baituling in CKI were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP). Genes related to GC were identified using the GENECARD and OMIM databases. The common target genes related to the effective components of the drug and GC were identified using the intersection method and visualized using software. A protein–protein interaction network (PPI) was established using STRING online software to confirm the key genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the key pathways of CKI in GC treatment. BGC-803 and MKN-28 GC cells were used to verify the signalling pathway. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasion ability were assessed using CCK8, flow cytometry, scratch, and transwell assays. Immunofluorescence assays and western blotting were used to detect the expression of related proteins. Results CKI regulated GC cells through 35 effective drug components of GC-related target genes. In total, 194 genes were common targets of CKI and GC. The most significant function of the enriched genes was DNA-binding transcription activator activity as demonstrated by GO enrichment analysis. The metabolic pathway with the highest enrichment was the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway as demonstrated by KEGG enrichment analysis. Our cell experimental evidence also shows that CKI inhibits GC cell growth and migration and induce GC cell apoptosis. In addition, CKI inhibits the EMT process in GC cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Conclusion AKT1 is a key gene for CKI treatment of GC. CKI inhibited GC cell growth and migration and induced GC cell apoptosis. In addition, CKI regulated the EMT process in GC cells through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luo Li
- Quality Management Office, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Keshan Wang
- Department of Intervention, The Fourth People's Hospital of ZiBo City, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Gaoqing District, Zibo, 256300, Shandong, China
| | - Yajuan Lü
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, 255029, Shandong, China
| | - Xuefei Yi
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, 255029, Shandong, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Oncology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, 255029, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng J, Li G, Wang J, Wang S, Tang Q, Sheng H, Wu W, Wang S. Compound Kushen Injection Protects Skin From Radiation Injury via Regulating Bim. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:753068. [PMID: 34955827 PMCID: PMC8696473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced skin injury is a major side-effect observed in cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Thus identifying new radioprotective drugs for prevention or treatment of post-irradiation skin injury should be prompted. A large number of clinical studies have confirmed that Compound Kushen injection (CKI) can enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to confirm the effect of CKI in alleviating radiotherapy injury in the skin and explore the exact mechanism. Methods: 60 patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were allocated to treatment group (CKI before radiotherapy) or control group (normal saline before radiotherapy) randomly. MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western Blot, and transient transfection were performed to detect the cell viability, cell apoptosis and Bim expression after treatment with CKI or/and radiotherapy. Results: CKI had the effect of alleviating skin injury in cancer patients who received radiotherapy in clinic. CKI induced cancer cell apoptosis when combined with irradiation (IR), while it reversed the induction of cell apoptosis by IR in human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. And Bim, as a tumor suppressor, was induced in cancer cells but had no change in HSF cells when treated with CKI. Moreover, the above effect could be attenuated when Bim was silenced by siRNA. Conclusion: We conclude that CKI represents a promising radio-protective agent with a potential differential beneficial effect on both cancer cells (inducing apoptosis) and HSF cells (providing radio-protection via inhibiting IR-induced apoptosis), via regulating Bim. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism by which CKI inhibits human cancer cell while protects skin from radiotherapy, indicating CKI might be a promising radio-protective drug. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn), identifier ChiCTR2100049164.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwon OY, Ryu S, Choi JK, Lee SH. Smilax glabra Roxb. Inhibits Collagen Induced Adhesion and Migration of PC3 and LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells through the Inhibition of Beta 1 Integrin Expression. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133006. [PMID: 32630092 PMCID: PMC7411785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. (SGR) has been used as a traditional medicine for brucellosis and syphilis. In this study, we investigated whether nontoxicological levels of water extract of SGR (WESGR) are effective for suppressing steps in the progression of prostate cancer, such as collagen-mediated migration and adhesion and identified the target molecule responsible for such effects. We found that nontoxicological levels of WESGR did not attenuate PC3 and LNCaP cell adhesion to serum but did significantly do so with collagen. In addition, using the Boyden chamber assay, we found that nontoxicological levels of WESGR did not inhibit the migration of PC3 and LNCaP cells to a serum-coated area but did significantly attenuate migration to a collagen-coated area. Interestingly, the expression of α2β1 integrin, a known receptor of collagen, was not affected by ectopic administration of WESGR. However, WESGR significantly attenuated the expression of β1 integrin, but not α2 integrin when PC3 and LNCaP cells were placed on a collagen-coated plate, resulting in attenuation of focal adherent kinase phosphorylation. Finally, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was determined as a functional single component which is responsible for antiprostate cancer effects of WESGR. Taken together, our results suggest a novel molecular mechanism for WESGR-mediated antiprostate cancer effects at particular steps such as with migration and adhesion to collagen, and it could provide the possibility of therapeutic use of WESGR against prostate cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seung Ho Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82–32–832–8269; Fax: +82–32–832–0798
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nandy S, Mukherjee A, Pandey DK, Ray P, Dey A. Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus): Recent progress in research on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112609. [PMID: 32007632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. (Apocynaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in the different parts of the Indian subcontinent due to the various biological activities attributed to its different parts, especially the roots. It has traditionally been used for treating snakebites, scorpion stings, diabetes, urinary diseases, dyspnea, menorrhagia, oligospermia, anorexia, fever, abdominal colic and pain, dysentery, diarrhea, cough, rheumatism, headache, inflammation, pyrosis, skin diseases, leprosy, sexually transmitted diseases and cancer. In Ayurveda, the plant is used in the treatment of bone-loss, low body weight, fever, stress, topical wound and psoriasis. Besides, Ayurvedic literature also depicts its use as anti-atherogenic, anti-spasmodic, memory enhancing, immunopotentiating and anti-inflammatory agents. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive update on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, specific pharmacology, and toxicology of H. indicus and its bioactive metabolites. Possible directions for future research are also outlined in brief. MATERIALS AND METHODS Popular and widely used international databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and JSTOR were searched and traditional literature were consulted using the various search strings to retrieve a number of citations related to the ethnopharmacology, biological activity, toxicology, quality control and phytochemistry of H. indicus. All studies on the ethnobotany, phtochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant up to 2019 were included in this review. RESULTS H. indicus has played an important role in traditional Indian medicine (including Ayurveda) and also in European medicine. The main pharmacological properties of H. indicus include hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-ophidian, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Phytochemical evaluations of the root have revealed the presence of aromatic aldehydes and their derivatives, phenolics, triterpenoids and many other compounds, some of which were attributed to its bioactivity. This review also compiles a list of Ayurvedic formulations and commercial preparations where H. indicus has been used as an active ingredient. We have included the critical assessment of all the papers cited in this manuscript based on experimental observation and other important points which reflect the loop-holes of research strategy and ambiguity in the papers reviewed in this manuscript. CONCLUSIONS The study presents an exhaustive and updated review on the traditional, pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of H. indicus with notes on its quality control and toxicological information. Although the crude extracts of H. indicus exhibit an array of pharmacological activities, it is high time to identify more active phyto-constituents by bioactivity-guided isolation besides elucidating their structure-activity relationship. More designed investigations are needed to comprehend the multi-target network pharmacology, to clarify the molecular mode of action and to ascertain the efficacious doses of H. indicus. Moreover, H. indicus is not fully assessed on the basis of its safety and efficacy on human. We hope this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of H. indicus in complementary and alternative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Evaluation of anticancer effects of a pharmaceutically viable extract of a traditional polyherbal mixture against non-small-cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:242-252. [PMID: 32139200 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work tested organic solvents to prepare an extract with anticancer properties from a polyherbal mixture containing Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizomes). We evaluate anticancer effects in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NCI-H292), and discuss optimization for pharmaceutical use in the context of efficacy, yield and toxicity. METHODS Using different organic solvents, six extracts were prepared from the polyherbal mixture. Based on the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on NCI-H292 cells and normal lung cells (MRC-5), as evaluated by the sulphorhodamine B assay, the total ethyl acetate (T-EA) extract was selected for further analysis. The possible anticancer mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the extract's effects on apoptosis (through fluorescent microscopic analysis, DNA fragmentation analysis, caspase 3/7 assay and analysis of expression levels of apoptosis-related genes p53, Bax, survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90), colony formation and antioxidant activity. RESULTS The extract had cytotoxic effects against NCI-H292 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Significant antioxidant activity and inhibition of colony formation were also observed. The expression level of caspase 3/7 significantly (P < 0.001) increased in NCI-H292 cells treated with 50 μg/mL of the extract. The same dosage led to a significant increase in expression levels of Bax and p53 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), accompanied by a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in survivin, Hsp70 and Hsp90. CONCLUSION T-EA extract of the above polyherbal mixture has cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 cells via induction of apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of colony formation.
Collapse
|
7
|
He R, Ou S, Chen S, Ding S. Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Molecular Biological Mechanism of Action for Compound Kushen Injection in Anti-Cancer Effect. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918520. [PMID: 31892693 PMCID: PMC6977710 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound Kushen injection (CKI) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for clinical treatment of cancer pain or treatment of various types of solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to identify the main active compounds from CKI and to investigate its anti-cancer mechanisms via drug target biological network pharmacology construction and prediction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Constituents of CKI were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Disease targets were collected in the Human Gene (Gene Cards) and Human Mendelian Inheritance (OMIM) databases. "Ingredients-protein targets-pathway" networks were constructed using Cytoscape. STRING database platform to construct enrichment of protein-protein interactions (PPI), related diseases and pathways network. Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of were performed to investigate by using Bioconductor tool for analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that 60 constituents of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) filtration resulted in 33 constituents exhibiting significant correlations with anti-cancer and CKI may target 113 proteins, including IL6, EGFR, CASP3, VEGFA, MYC, and ESR1. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis results show that 129 biological processes and 93 signal pathways associated with cancer. It mainly involves cancers such as prostate cancer, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, etc. Active ingredients might also induce apoptosis in cancer cells via the p53 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway mechanism. CONCLUSIONS This study was based on pharmacological networks results for the prediction of the multi-constituent, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms of CKI, which might be a promising potential therapeutic and prevention candidate for anti-cancer. However, based on computer data mining and analysis, this study still needs to be further verified by in vivo/in vitro experiments, and the safety of CKI needs to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shuya Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shichun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shaobo Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xian T, Gan Y, Lu Y, Wang M, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Chen J, Wang K, Xiong S, Huang Q. Ameliorative effects of indomethacin at different concentrations on endothelial insulin resistance through two distinct pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1161-1168. [PMID: 30119183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin (IDMT), a non-selective inhibitor of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays important roles in anti-inflammation and analgesia and it is commonly used to treat the patients with rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Besides, various literatures reported that IDMT is a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Rosiglitazone (RSG), an insulin-sensitizer, is also a synthetic ligand and applied clinically to cure the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, up to date little is known about whether IDMT ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of IDMT on endothelial IR and its underlying mechanism. Our present results showed that IDMT improved the endothelial IR induced by high glucose and fat concentration (HG/HF) in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, we further identified that 0.25 mM of IDMT noticeably induced the expression levels of PPARγ, AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but failed to notably reverse the increases in expression levels of COX-2, inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induced by HG/HF; whereas 1.0 mM of IDMT exerted opposite effects compared with 0.25 mM of IDMT. Therefore, we conclude that IDMT ameliorates the endothelial IR induced by HG/HF through two distinct pathways, i.e., a lower concentration of IDMT through a PPARγ-AKT-eNOS pathway while a higher concentration mainly via an IKK-COX-2/TNFα pathway. The findings might provide a novel clinical use for IDMT to cure IR-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Junye Chen
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Deng S, Ζhao Y, Liu L, Zhao R. Smilax glabra Rhizoma affects the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate by increasing the P‑glycoprotein mRNA expression in rats after oral administration. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7633-7640. [PMID: 28944899 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used immunosuppressant and anticancer agent with high toxicity. Smilax glabra Rhizoma (SGR) has the effect of detoxification and immunoregulation, and has been used as both food and folk medicine in many countries. Co‑administration of MTX and SGR occurs in several diseases. However, whether they work synergistically or are incompatible remains unknown. In the present study, MTX was administrated to rats alone or combined with SGR. Blood and tissue samples were collected at designated times. The concentrations of MTX were determined by high‑performance liquid chromatography. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to detected the gene expression. SGR decreased the AUC0‑t and Cmax of MTX by 44.5 and 48.2%, but in a tissue‑dependent manner. The total exposure of MTX was significantly decreased in the small intestine, stomach, plasma, and kidney by 61.6, 34.7, 63.3 and 46.1%, respectively, but was increased in the lung and spleen by 82.9 and 21.0%, respectively. RT‑qPCR demonstrated that SGR increased the mean P‑glycoprotein (gp) mRNA expression in the small intestine 2.54 times, but had a marginal effect on the expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 2, and organic anion transporter (OAT)1 and OAT2. These results suggested that SGR affects the pharmacokinetics of MTX in a tissue‑dependent manner by affecting P‑gp, and the clinical effect of co‑administration depended on the disease site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Research Laboratory of Gynecology, Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shigui Deng
- Department of The Public Experiment Platform, Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ya Ζhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Property Team, Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Property Team, Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Property Team, Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Astilbin from Smilax glabra Roxb. Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8246420. [PMID: 29104606 PMCID: PMC5585559 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8246420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Astilbin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from the rhizome of Smilax glabra Roxb. (with red cross-section) grown in Guizhou Province, China. We accessed its effect and potential mechanism on attenuation of the inflammatory response in CFA-induced AA rats. Our results showed that daily oral administration of astilbin at 5.3 mg/kg reduced joint damage in the hind paw of AA rats. Accordingly, astilbin exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA expression. Significant decrease of serum cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was also observed in astilbin-treated AA rats compared to the vehicle-treated AA rats. The reduced expression of these cytokines was associated with protein activity suppression of three key molecular targets in the pathogenesis of RA, including IKKβ, NF-κB p65 subunit, and TLR adaptor MyD88. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of astilbin on the inhibition of cytokines production as well as the reduction of inflammatory response in AA rats are close to a commonly used antirheumatic drug, leflunomide. Collectively, our data suggest that the action mechanism of astilbin, as an anti-inflammatory agent for RA treatment, is associated with modulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the expression of key elements in NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by TLR.
Collapse
|
11
|
Protective Effect of a Polyherbal Aqueous Extract Comprised of Nigella sativa (Seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (Roots), and Smilax glabra (Rhizome) on Bleomycin Induced Cytogenetic Damage in Human Lymphocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28626752 PMCID: PMC5463188 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1856713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the chemoprotective potential of a polyherbal aqueous decoction comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots), and Smilax glabra (rhizome) against bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were exposed to bleomycin at a dose of 40 µg/mL for 2 hrs in the presence or absence of different doses of the decoction (100, 300, and 600 µg/mL). Modulatory effect of the decoction on bleomycin induced cytogenetic damage was evaluated by (a) degree of chromosomal aberrations (CA), (b) formation of micronuclei (MN), and (c) induction of γH2AX foci in lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin. Lymphocytes pretreated with the decoction showed that a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in bleomycin induced (a) stable and unstable chromosome aberrations (CA), (b) MN formation, and (c) formation of γH2AX foci, when compared to lymphocytes treated only with bleomycin. The decoction by itself did not induce any significant cytogenetic damage in PBLs. Overall results of the present study confirm that the decoction can attenuate the cytogenetic damage mediated by bleomycin in human PBLs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Farzaei MH, Farzaei F, Abdollahi M, Abbasabadi Z, Abdolghaffari AH, Mehraban B. A mechanistic review on medicinal plants used for rheumatoid arthritis in traditional Persian medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1233-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease, which affects synovial tissue in multiple joints. Although conventional treatments of RA commonly alleviate the symptoms, high incidence of adverse reactions leads to research tendency towards complementary and alternative medicine. As various medicinal plants are traditionally used for the management of symptomatologies associated with RA in Persian medicine, we reviewed medicinal literature to confirm their efficacy in the management of RA.
Key findings
Scientific evidence revealed that traditional medicaments exert beneficial effects on RA through several cellular mechanisms including downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB, suppression of oxidative stress, inhibition of cartilage degradation with destructive metalloproteinases and enhancement of antioxidant performance. Various active constituents from different chemical categories including flavonols, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, glycosylflavons, dihydroflavonols, phytoestrogens, sesquiterpene lactones, anthraquinones, alkaloids and thymoquinones have been isolated from the medicinal plants.
Summary
The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Phytopharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farzaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patil DA, Surana SJ. Synthesis, biological evaluation of 2,3-disubstituted-imidazolyl/benzimidazolyl-quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Hao G, Zheng J, Huo R, Li J, Wen K, Zhang Y, Liang G. Smilax glabra Roxb targets Aktp-Thr308 and inhibits Akt-mediated signaling pathways in SGC7901 cells. J Drug Target 2015; 24:557-65. [PMID: 26607178 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Outpatient, The 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, and
| | - Rentao Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinsong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Graduate Training Base of General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:602425. [PMID: 25821492 PMCID: PMC4363603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/602425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine in many countries. The present study focused on the active constituents from the rhizome of S. glabra, which possess potential anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, nine known compounds were isolated from the rhizome of S. glabra with the bioassay-guiding, and were identified as syringaresinol (1), lasiodiplodin (2), de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), syringic acid (4), 1,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol (5), lyoniresinol (6), trans-resveratrol (7), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester (8), and dihydrokaempferol (9). Among these compounds, 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from S. glabra. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. Results indicated that 4 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effects on NO production of RAW264.7 cells, and 1, 2, 3, and 5 showed moderate suppression effects on induced NO production. 1, 7, and 5 exhibited high inhibitory effects on TNF-α production, with the IC50 values less than 2.3, 4.4, and 16.6 μM, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 were the potential anti-inflammatory active compositions of S. glabra.
Collapse
|
16
|
She T, Qu L, Wang L, Yang X, Xu S, Feng J, Gao Y, Zhao C, Han Y, Cai S, Shou C. Sarsaparilla (Smilax Glabra Rhizome) Extract Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by S Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via Redox-Dependent ERK1/2 Pathway. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:464-74. [PMID: 25732255 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian She
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Phenolic-Enriched Extracts of Smilax glabra. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:910438. [PMID: 25477999 PMCID: PMC4244943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/910438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine. In the present study, phenolic-enriched extract of S. glabra (PEESG) was extracted with 70% ethanol and purified by HP-20 column chromatography. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by radical scavenging assay, reducing power determination, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells assays, respectively. PEESG exhibited obviously scavenging capacity for DPPH and ABTS radicals, as well as significant reducing power for ferric ion. Particularly, PEESG (12.5–50 μg/mL) showed a significantly higher efficiency for scavenging ABTS than that of ascorbic acid and no significant difference with ascorbic acid for DPPH scavenging. PEESG also possessed a significant suppression effect on proinflammatory mediators production, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the main ingredients of PEESG were identified using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-ESI-MS). Seventeen components, including 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, neoastilbin, astilbin, neoisoastilbin, isoastilbin, engetin and isoengeletin were identified. These findings strongly suggest the potential of PEESG as a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xia D, Fan Y, Zhang P, Fu Y, Ju M, Zhang X. Protective Effects of the Flavonoid-Rich Fraction from Rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:479-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|