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Liu CF, Chien LW. Moxibustion for Managing Postoperative Urinary Retention After Hemorrhoidectomy and Anorectal Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Perianesth Nurs 2023; 38:881-891. [PMID: 37589632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Common surgical procedures for conditions affecting the anus and rectum such as hemorrhoidectomy are associated with high risks of postoperative urinary retention (POUR). Little is known about the efficacy of moxibustion in managing POUR after such surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the related literature and synthesize data on the effectiveness of moxibustion in managing POUR after common anorectal surgeries. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP information, and Wanfang databases were searched to October 1, 2021 using the keywords urinary retention, moxibustion, and moxa. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating patients who had developed POUR after hemorrhoidectomy or other anorectal surgeries were eligible for inclusion. Patients receiving moxibustion formed the intervention group and the control group received usual care alone. Primary outcomes were markedly effective rate, defined as spontaneous voiding with complete symptom relief within 30 to 60 minutes after treatment; and total effective rate (ie, markedly effective rate plus effective rate, defined as spontaneous voiding with partial relief of symptoms within 60 minutes to 4 hours after treatment). Secondary outcome was time to first urination after treatment. FINDINGS Thirty-four RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Pooled analysis revealed that the markedly effective rate was significantly higher in the moxibustion group than that in the control group (pooled RR = 2.53, 95% CI = 2.17-2.95), and the total effective rate in the moxibustion group was also higher than that in the control group (pooled RR = 5.02, 95% CI = 4.01-6.28). The intervention group had significantly shorter times to first urination than controls (pooled effect = -2.81, 95% CI = -2.06 to -3.56). CONCLUSIONS Moxibustion appears superior to usual care in relieving POUR after common anorectal surgeries. Future studies are still warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Liu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bang SK, Chang S, Seo SY, Kang SY, Cho SJ, Choi KH, Juping X, Kim HY, Ryu Y. Attenuation of immobilization stress-induced hypertension by temperature-controllable warm needle acupuncture in rats and the peripheral neural mechanisms. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1168012. [PMID: 37384285 PMCID: PMC10294230 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1168012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We and others have shown that electrical stimulation of the PC-6 acupoint over the wrist relieves hypertension by stimulating afferent sensory nerve fibers and activating the central endogenous opioid system. Warm needle acupuncture has long been utilized to treat various diseases in clinics. Methods Here, we developed a temperature-controllable warm needle acupuncture instrument (WAI) and investigated the peripheral mechanism underlying the effect of warm needle acupuncture at PC-6 on hypertension in a rat model of immobilization stress-induced hypertension. Results Stimulation with our newly developed WAI and traditional warm needle acupuncture attenuated hypertension development. Such effects were reproduced by capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) injection into PC-6 or WAI stimulation at 48°C. In contrast, PC-6 pretreatment with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine blocked the antihypertensive effect of WAI stimulation at PC-6. WAI stimulation at PC-6 increased the number of dorsal root ganglia double-stained with TRPV1 and CGRP. QX-314 and capsaicin perineural injection into the median nerve for chemical ablation of small afferent nerve fibers (C-fibers) prevented the antihypertensive effect of WAI stimulation at PC-6. Additionally, PC-6 pretreatment with RTX ablated the antihypertensive effect of WAI stimulation. Conclusion These findings suggest that warm needle acupuncture at PC-6 activates C-fiber of median nerve and the peripheral TRPV1 receptors to attenuate the development of immobilization stress-induced hypertension in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Kyun Bang
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Seo
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yun Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Juping
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- Department of Korean Medicine Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Jaladat AM, Alizadeh Vaghasloo M, Atarzadeh F, Ayati MH, Kazemi AH, Akin E, Hashempur MH. Similarities and differences between kaiy in Persian medicine and moxibustion in Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023:S2095-4964(23)00041-9. [PMID: 37225613 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kaiy (medieval cautery) is an ancient method of heat therapy in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Some of its important applications have been neglected during the medical revolution. Meanwhile, different treatment modalities that incorporate heat, including moxibustion, have progressed in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we reviewed the main TPM textbooks that were written specifically in the field of kaiy. We considered the traditional teachings in the context of contemporary information, gathered from the scientific literature about moxibustion and modern cauterization. Some surgical therapeutic indications of kaiy (e.g., debridement and coagulative procedures) have been advanced by the innovation of electro-cauterization. However, those therapeutic applications that were based on the TPM humoral theory for relieving body coldness or myofascial pains-which are similar to moxibustion usages-have not received the same attention. Apart from the broad similarities of kaiy and moxibustion as thermal therapies with similar indications, there is a striking correspondence between kaiy point mapping and acupoints. Therefore, further research on different kaiy aspects is recommended. Please cite this article as: Jaladat AM, Alizadeh Vaghasloo M, Atarzadeh F, Ayati MH, Kazemi AH, Akin E, Hashempur MH. Similarities and differences between kaiy in Persian medicine and moxibustion in Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Jaladat
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atarzadeh
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Amir Hooman Kazemi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran; International School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Emine Akin
- Alkali Life Center, Healthy Life & Consultancy and Education, Ataşehir-İstanbul 34750, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran.
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Thermal Properties of Warm- versus Heated-Needle Acupuncture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4159172. [PMID: 35265145 PMCID: PMC8901343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4159172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Warm-needle acupuncture (WA) and fire-needle acupuncture are treatment techniques that use the combination of acupuncture and thermal stimulation. In clinical practice, a new method of fire-needle acupuncture called “heated-needle acupuncture (HA)” has been proposed, wherein the needle is directly heated after insertion. WA and HA share similarities in their methods, and no previous study has sought to assess whether their thermal outcomes are also similar. Methods We controlled environmental variables and measured the maximum temperatures and temperature changes of a silicon phantom in which K-type thermocouples were embedded at depths of 0, 2, 5, 7, and 10 mm. WA and HA were also performed with acupuncture needles of various thicknesses (0.30 × 40 mm, 0.40 × 40 mm, and 0.50 × 40 mm). Results Different time-dependent temperature distributions were observed between the two acupuncture methods: HA yielded a higher maximum temperature and temperature change on the surface, whereas WA yielded higher temperatures at the other tested depths. The thermal patterns were similar among the needles of different thicknesses for each method, with the following exception: while the temperature change and maximum temperature did not differ significantly by needle thickness for WA, these parameters increased significantly with needle thickness for HA. Conclusion The two acupuncture procedures yielded different thermal patterns in a controlled environment. Further studies are necessary to reflect the effect of external environment variables occurring in reality.
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Chun-Yan C, Guang-Yao X, Yan-Yan S, Ming-Shu X, Peng L. Acupuncture: A therapeutic approach against acne. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3829-3838. [PMID: 34599626 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acne is a common but chronic skin disease that influence large population especially juvenile. Acne can continue, begin, or grow into severe form in adult age, affecting face, back, and chest. It may be a serious issue if not cared or treated timely. Even if acne got treated it leaves a persistent scar, which is difficult to alleviate. These acne lesions are long-lasting and result in significant impact on mental and physical health of an individual. There are four mechanisms that are involved in acne lesion formation. However, the accurate series of events of the interaction among the factors in acne pathogenesis is still unsettled. Pubescent acne is due to increase hormone levels, when in fact adult acne is due to fluctuation in hormone levels. There are various approaches for the treatment of acne, including oral medications, creams or gels, acupuncture. Traditional Chinese Medicine stated acne as a infection that is associated with the pathogenic influence of damp heat and heat on specific meridians. As an ancient and integral part of Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy is employed in the treatment of many diseases including acne. It functions by ameliorating the deep-rooted mechanisms playing crucial role in acne development. In this review, we have explained the acne causes, pathogenesis, and its available treatment options. Additionally, we also discussed the acupuncture therapy methods, devices, different techniques. and its mechanism of action in treating acne. Furthermore, clinical trials studies motivated us to highlight the scope of acupuncture in the growing system of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chun-Yan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Qigong, Taiji Health Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Guang-Yao
- The Eighth Department of Surgery, the Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Yan-Yan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Qigong, Taiji Health Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ming-Shu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Peng
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lu T, Zhang J, Lv Y, Wu Y. The effect of warm needle moxibustion on lumbar disc herniation. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:5059-5065. [PMID: 34150092 PMCID: PMC8205828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of warm needle moxibustion on patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS A total of 100 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated in our hospital were recruited as the study cohort and randomly assigned into a control group and an observation group. The patients in the control group underwent routine acupuncture treatment, while those in the observation group underwent warm needle moxibustion treatment. The observed indexes, including the clinical efficacy, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and the serum inflammatory factor levels were compared between the control group and the observation group. RESULTS The total cure rate in the observation group was significantly higher than it was in the control group (76.0% vs 92%, P=0.029). Compared with the patients in the control group after the treatment, the patients' VAS and ODI scores in the observation group were significantly lower, but their JOA scores were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Moreover, the serum IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in the observation group were remarkably lower than the corresponding levels in the control group (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Warm needle moxibustion has a significant effect on patients with lumbar disc herniation, because it helps to relieve the pain and other symptoms and reduces the serum inflammatory factor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Lu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yaochi Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
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Taniguchi H, Taniguchi S, Ogasawara C, Sumiya E, Imai K. Effects of Moxibustion on Stress-Induced Delayed Gastric Emptying via Somatoautonomic Reflex in Rats. Med Acupunct 2020; 32:280-286. [PMID: 33101572 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2020.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Moxibustion (MOX) is used to treat a wide variety of disorders, including those with gastric symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of MOX are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate if application of indirect MOX (iMOX) to ST 36 reduces restraint stress (RS)-induced alteration in gastric responses of conscious rats, and if a somatoautonomic reflex mediates gastric emptying (GE). Materials and Methods: One group of rats was fed solid food after 24 hours of fasting. Immediately after food ingestion. These rats were subjected to RS. Ninety minutes after feeding, the rats were euthanized, and their gastric contents were removed to calculate GE. iMOX had been performed at ST 36 bilaterally throughout the stress loading. To investigate if vagal-nerve activity was involved in mediating the stress-induced alterations of GE by iMOX, atropine was intraperitoneally administered to other rats just before initiating RS; bilateral truncal vagotomy had been performed on day 14 before GE measurement. Results: RS delayed GE significantly (42.9 ± 5.8%)in stressed rats, compared to nonstressed rats (68.7 ± 1.8%). iMOX at ST 36 reduced stress-induced inhibition of GE significantly (67.1 ± 2.4%). MOX-mediated reduction of GE disappeared upon atropine injection and vagotomy. Conclusions: RS-induced delayed GE may be ameliorated by iMOX at ST 36. Somatoautonomic, reflex-induced vagal-nerve activity helps mediate the stimulatory effects of iMOX on RS-induced delayed GE. As a complementary and alternative medicine, iMOX may also be advantageous for patients with gastric disorders, such as functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Taniguchi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sazu Taniguchi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tokyo Ariake University of Medical and Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Physiotherapy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Ogasawara
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Sumiya
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang B, Zhao Q, Li Y, Zhang J. Moxibustion alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via activation of the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6221-6231. [PMID: 31632589 PMCID: PMC6789265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) induces serious back, neck and radicular pain. Recently, moxibustion has been suggested as an effective treatment for IDD. Thus, our study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of moxibustion in IDD. A rat model of IDD was established by moxibustion treatment. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from IDD rats or IDD rats treated with moxibustion were transfected with plasmids harboring overexpressed hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) to understand the role of treatment on cell autophagy and apoptosis. To investigate the mechanism of moxibustion in IDD, aggrecan, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in NP cells was measured. The expression of aggrecan and COX-2 was elevated by moxibustion treatment. Moxibustion induced autophagy and suppressed apoptosis of NP cells from IDD rats. Compared with IDD rats, the expression of light chain 3 (LC3) II/I, Beclin-1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and HIF-1α was regulated significantly after moxibustion treatment, while the expression of cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated protein X and VEGF was downregulated. In general, moxibustion may be beneficial to IDD by enhancing autophagy and reducing apoptosis of NP cells via the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongying People’s HospitalDongying 257091, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Dongying People’s HospitalDongying 257091, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yushi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongying People’s HospitalDongying 257091, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinxue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongying People’s HospitalDongying 257091, Shandong Province, P. R. China
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An overview of the contribution of acupuncture to thyroid disorders. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:375-383. [PMID: 30341025 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction, affecting people of all ages, not only damages human growth and energy metabolism but is also comorbid with other illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and gastrointestinal disorders. With the increasing acceptance of alternative and complementary therapies, acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical practice, has also been employed to address this problem. Analysing 29 clinical projects that were retrieved from 29 major digital databases and include 1757 patients aged 7-79 years from China, Italy, Korea, Macedonia and Russia, this narrative review offers an overview of the efficacy, and evaluated the safe and cost-effective use of acupuncture against hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and thyroid-relevant illnesses. Findings indicated reductions in patient symptoms and improvements in biomarkers where acupuncture was used alone or in combination therapy. In addition to showing the role of acupuncture as an alternative and complementary medicine or as an adjunctive therapy for curative and rehabilitative purposes, more well-designed researches are needed to achieve reliable data.
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Schlaeger JM, Stoffel CL, Bussell JL, Cai HY, Takayama M, Yajima H, Takakura N. Moxibustion for Cephalic Version of Breech Presentation. J Midwifery Womens Health 2018; 63:309-322. [DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Symptoms of long-term exposure to moxa smoke in acupuncturists: a correlation analysis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu S, Shi Q, Zhu Q, Zou T, Li G, Huang A, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Wu Q, Xie Q, Lin W, Xie W, Wen S, Zhang Z, Lv Q, Zou L, Zhang X, Ying M, Li G, Liang S. P2X₇ receptor of rat dorsal root ganglia is involved in the effect of moxibustion on visceral hyperalgesia. Purinergic Signal 2014; 11:161-9. [PMID: 25527178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease often display visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral nociceptors after inflammatory stimulation generate afferent nerve impulses through dorsal root ganglia (DRG) transmitting to the central nervous system. ATP and its activated-purinergic 2X7 (P2X7) receptor play an important role in the transmission of nociceptive signal. Purinergic signaling is involved in the sensory transmission of visceral pain. Moxibustion is a therapy applying ignited mugwort directly or indirectly at acupuncture points or other specific parts of the body to treat diseases. Heat-sensitive acupoints are the corresponding points extremely sensitive to moxa heat in disease conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the analgesic effect of moxibustion on a heat-sensitive acupoint "Dachangshu" and the expression levels of P2X7 receptor in rat DRG after chronic inflammatory stimulation of colorectal distension. Heat-sensitive moxibustion at Dachangshu acupoint inhibited the nociceptive signal transmission by decreasing the upregulated expression levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein in DRG induced by visceral pain, and reversed the abnormal expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker of satellite glial cells) in DRG. Consequently, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score in a visceral pain model was reduced, and the pain threshold was elevated. Therefore, heat-sensitive moxibustion at Dachangshu acupoint can produce a therapeutic effect on IBS via inhibiting the nociceptive transmission mediated by upregulated P2X7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
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Xiong X, Liu W, Yang X, Feng B, Wang J. Moxibustion for essential hypertension. Complement Ther Med 2014; 22:187-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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How does moxibustion possibly work? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:198584. [PMID: 23606872 PMCID: PMC3623111 DOI: 10.1155/2013/198584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
“Acupmoxa” is a hybrid word of “acupuncture” and “moxibustion” that more closely resembles the Chinese ideograph for this treatment. People in Western countries are more familiar with acupuncture, while moxibustion is less popular, partially due to the paucity of scientific studies. Although the evidence-based efficacy of moxibustion needs to be further clarified, the mechanisms by which moxibustion may work include temperature-related and nontemperature-related ones. Local somatothermal stimulation (LSTS), one type of moxibustion, is achieved by application of a heat source to and above the acupoint. Such mild heat stimulation of the acupoint induces little skin damage, in contrast to the burning effect of moxibustion, but does provoke mild oxidative stress in the viscera. Thus, preconditioned LSTS at the peripheral acupoints LR 14 and PC 6 of animals is able to induce visceral HSP70 expression and to protect the liver and the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nontemperature-related mechanisms include smoke, herbs, and biophysical (far infrared) stimulation. We conclude that LSTS, a remote preconditioning method, has potential clinical usefulness. However, evidence-based efficacy and safety studies involving large-scaled clinical trials are needed in order that this approach will pass muster with Western scientists.
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