1
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Tanjaya J, Ha P, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shah Y, Berthiaume E, Pan HC, Shi J, Kwak J, Wu B, Ting K, Zhang X, Soo C. Genetic and pharmacologic suppression of PPARγ enhances NELL-1-stimulated bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121609. [PMID: 35839586 PMCID: PMC10434299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations into mechanisms behind the development of osteoporosis suggest that suppressing PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis can improve bone formation and bone mineral density. In this study, we investigated a co-treatment strategy to enhance bone formation by combining NELL-1, an osteogenic molecule that has been extensively studied for its potential use as a therapeutic for osteoporosis, with two methods of PPARγ suppression. First, we suppressed PPARγ genetically using lentiviral PPARγ-shRNA in immunocompromised mice for a proof of concept. Second, we used a PPARγ antagonist to suppress PPARγ pharmacologically in immunocompetent senile osteopenic mice for clinical transability. We found that the co-treatment strategy significantly increased bone formation, increased the proliferation stage cell population, decreased late apoptosis of primary mouse BMSCs, and increased osteogenic marker mRNA levels in comparison to the single agent treatment groups. The addition of PPARγ suppression to NELL-1 therapy enhanced NELL-1's effects on bone formation by upregulating anabolic processes without altering NELL-1's inhibitory effects on osteoclastic and adipogenic activities. Our findings suggest that combining PPARγ suppression with therapeutic NELL-1 may be a viable method that can be further developed as a novel strategy to reverse bone loss and decrease marrow adiposity in age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Tanjaya
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Pin Ha
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Yash Shah
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Emily Berthiaume
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Jinny Kwak
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025
| | - Kang Ting
- Forsyth Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02142.
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025.
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025; Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90025.
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2
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Chen JX, Han YS, Zhang SQ, Li ZB, Chen J, Yi WJ, Huang H, Jiang TT, Li JC. Novel therapeutic evaluation biomarkers of lipid metabolism targets in uncomplicated pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:22. [PMID: 33462176 PMCID: PMC7814055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the management of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) lacks potent medications and accurate efficacy evaluation biomarkers. In view of the fact that the host lipids are the important energy source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), UPLC-MS/MS based on lipid metabolism was used to monitor the plasma lipid spectrum of TB patients from the initial diagnosis to cured. The analysis showed that TB patients presented aberrant metabolism of phospholipids, glycerides, and sphingolipids. Upon the treatment, the abnormal expression of Cer (d18:1/24:0), CerP (d18:1/20:3), LPE (0:0/22:0), LPA (0:0/16:0), and LPA (0:0/18:0) in TB patients were gradually normalized, indicating that the intervention of lipid metabolism could block energy metabolism and inhibit the cell wall synthesis of Mtb. Furthermore, the increase in ceramide (Cer) levels could promote autophagosome-lysosome fusion. LPA (0:0/16:0) and LPA (0:0/18:0) had a great potential in the early diagnosis (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) and efficacy evaluation (both sensitivity and specificity were 100%) of TB, indicating that the above lipid metabolites could be used as potential biomarkers for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xi Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 318050, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Han
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Qiang Zhang
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- The Medical Research Center of Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 512025, Shaoguan, China.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shaoguan University School of Medicine, 512025, Shaoguan, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Yan W, Li R, Ye Q, You L, Xie W, Mo K, Fu R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hou H, Yang Y, Birnbaumer L, Di Q, Li X. Thymopentin improves the survival of septic mice by promoting the production of 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 and activating the PPARγ signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:11772-11785. [PMID: 32652815 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by infection, is a major public health concern with limited therapeutic options. Infection disturbs the homeostasis of host, resulting in excessive inflammation and immune suppression. This has prompted the clinical use of immunomodulators to balance host response as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Here, we report that Thymopentin (TP5), a synthetic immunomodulator pentapeptide (Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr) with an excellent safety profile in the clinic, protects mice against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, as shown by improved survival rate, decreased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced ratios of macrophages and neutrophils in spleen and peritoneum. Regarding mechanism, TP5 changed the characteristics of LPS-stimulated macrophages by increasing the production of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). In addition, the improved effect of TP5 on survival rates was abolished by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662. Our results uncover the mechanism of the TP5 protective effects on CLP-induced sepsis and shed light on the development of TP5 as a therapeutic strategy for lethal systemic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Xie
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Mo
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruifeng Fu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qin Di
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjing Li
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Xu Y. Targeting Lysophosphatidic Acid in Cancer: The Issues in Moving from Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1523. [PMID: 31658655 PMCID: PMC6826372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the clear demonstration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)'s pathological roles in cancer in the mid-1990s, more than 1000 papers relating LPA to various types of cancer were published. Through these studies, LPA was established as a target for cancer. Although LPA-related inhibitors entered clinical trials for fibrosis, the concept of targeting LPA is yet to be moved to clinical cancer treatment. The major challenges that we are facing in moving LPA application from bench to bedside include the intrinsic and complicated metabolic, functional, and signaling properties of LPA, as well as technical issues, which are discussed in this review. Potential strategies and perspectives to improve the translational progress are suggested. Despite these challenges, we are optimistic that LPA blockage, particularly in combination with other agents, is on the horizon to be incorporated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut Street R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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5
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Ling T, Miller DJ, Lang WH, Griffith E, Rodriguez-Cortes A, El Ayachi I, Palacios G, Min J, Miranda-Carboni G, Lee RE, Rivas F. Mechanistic Insight on the Mode of Action of Colletoic Acid. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6925-6940. [PMID: 31294974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural product colletoic acid (CA) is a selective inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which primarily converts cortisone to the active glucocorticoid (GC) cortisol. Here, CA's mode of action and its potential as a chemical tool to study intracellular GC signaling in adipogenesis are disclosed. 11β-HSD1 biochemical studies of CA indicated that its functional groups at C-1, C-4, and C-9 were important for enzymatic activity; an X-ray crystal structure of 11β-HSD1 bound to CA at 2.6 Å resolution revealed the nature of those interactions, namely, a close-fitting and favorable interactions between the constrained CA spirocycle and the catalytic triad of 11β-HSD1. Structure-activity relationship studies culminated in the development of a superior CA analogue with improved target engagement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CA selectively inhibits preadipocyte differentiation through 11β-HSD1 inhibition, suppressing other relevant key drivers of adipogenesis (i.e., PPARγ, PGC-1α), presumably by negatively modulating the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. The combined findings provide an in-depth evaluation of the mode of action of CA and its potential as a tool compound to study adipose tissue and its implications in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ikbale El Ayachi
- Department of Medicine , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
| | | | | | - Gustavo Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
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6
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Tigyi GJ, Johnson LR, Lee SC, Norman DD, Szabo E, Balogh A, Thompson K, Boler A, McCool WS. Lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor agonists in targeted drug development offer broad therapeutic potential. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:464-474. [PMID: 30692142 PMCID: PMC6399510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth factor-like lipid mediator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), is a potent signaling molecule that influences numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. Manipulation of LPA signaling is of growing pharmacotherapeutic interest, especially because LPA resembles compounds with drug-like features. The action of LPA is mediated through activation of multiple types of molecular targets, including six G protein-coupled receptors that are clear targets for drug development. However, the LPA signaling has been linked to pathological responses that include promotion of fibrosis, atherogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Thus, a question arises: Can we harness, in an LPA-like drug, the many beneficial activities of this lipid without eliciting its dreadful actions? We developed octadecyl thiophosphate (OTP; subsequently licensed as Rx100), an LPA mimic with higher stability in vivo than LPA. This article highlights progress made toward developing analogs like OTP and exploring prosurvival and regenerative LPA signaling. We determined that LPA prevents cell death triggered by various cellular stresses, including genotoxic stressors, and rescues cells condemned to apoptosis. LPA2 agonists provide a new treatment option for secretory diarrhea and reduce gastric erosion caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The potential uses of LPA2 agonists like OTP and sulfamoyl benzoic acid-based radioprotectins must be further explored for therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- RxBio Inc. Memphis, TN 38163
- Research Division Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104
| | - Leonard R Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- RxBio Inc. Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
- Research Division Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104
| | - Erzsebet Szabo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163
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7
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Leung DTH, Nguyen T, Oliver EM, Matti J, Alexiadis M, Silke J, Jobling TW, Fuller PJ, Chu S. Combined PPARγ Activation and XIAP Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:364-375. [PMID: 30530769 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are characterized by indolent growth and late relapse. No therapeutic modalities aside from surgery have proven effective. We previously reported overexpression of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and constitutive activity of the NFκB and AP1 signaling pathways in GCT. PPARγ presents as a potential therapeutic target as it impedes proliferation and promotes terminal differentiation of granulosa cells. However, resistance to the actions of PPARγ is caused by NFκB transrepression in GCT-derived cell lines, KGN and COV434. We showed that abrogation of NFκB signaling in GCT cells enables PPARγ agonists to initiate apoptosis. In addition, we observed overexpression of an NFκB-induced gene, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), in GCT and GCT-derived cells. XIAP is an attractive therapeutic target due to its role in inhibiting the apoptotic pathway. We investigated the antitumor effects of combined XIAP inhibition using Smac-mimetics and PPARγ activation using thiazolidinediones (TZD) in the GCT-derived cells. Transactivation assays revealed that NFκB transrepression of PPARγ can be relieved by NFκB or XIAP inhibition. Combined Smac-mimetic and TZD significantly induced apoptosis, reduced cell viability and proliferation in KGN cells in monolayer and 3D spheroid culture, and in GCT explant models. The Smac-mimetic and TZD cotreatment also delayed cell invasion, upregulated proapoptotic genes, and compromised cell metabolism in KGN cells. This study provides evidence that PPARγ and XIAP cotreatment has antineoplastic effects in GCT. As therapeutics that target these proteins are already in clinical or preclinical use, expedient translation to the clinic is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys T H Leung
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwina May Oliver
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juliana Matti
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Alexiadis
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas W Jobling
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Fuller
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Chu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Fan Q, Cai Q, Li P, Wang W, Wang J, Gerry E, Wang TL, Shih IM, Nephew KP, Xu Y. The novel ZIP4 regulation and its role in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90090-90107. [PMID: 29163813 PMCID: PMC5685734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our RNAseq analyses revealed that ZIP4 is a top gene up-regulated in more aggressive ovarian cancer cells. ZIP4's role in cancer stem cells has not been reported in any type of cancer. In addition, the role and regulation of ZIP4, a zinc transporter, have been studied in the context of extracellular zinc transporting. Factors other than zinc with ZIP4 regulatory effects are essentially unknown. ZIP4 expression and its regulation in epithelial ovarian cancer cells was assessed by immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, or immunohistochemistry staining in human ovarian tissues. Cancer stem cell-related activities were examined to evaluate the role of ZIP4 in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. RNAi and CRISPR techniques were used to knockdown or knockout ZIP4 and related genes. Ovarian cancer tissues overexpressed ZIP4 when compared with normal and benign tissues. ZIP4 knockout significantly reduced several cancer stem cell-related activities in EOC cells, including proliferation, anoikis-resistance, colony-formation, spheroid-formation, drug-resistance, and side-population in vitro. ZIP4-expressing side-population highly expressed known CSC markers ALDH1 and OCT4. ZIP4 knockout dramatically reduced tumorigenesis and ZIP4 overexpression increased tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, the ZIP4-expressing side-population had the tumor initiating activity. Moreover, the oncolipid lysophosphatic acid effectively up-regulated ZIP4 expression via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and lysophosphatic acid 's promoting effects in cancer stem cell-related activities in HGSOC cells was at least partially mediated by ZIP4 in an extracellular zinc-independent manner. Our critical data imply that ZIP4 is a new and important cancer stem cell regulator in ovarian cancer. Our data also provide an innovative interpretation for the apparent disconnection between low levels of zinc and up-regulation of ZIP4 in ovarian cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingchun Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- MASDINO (Beijing) Medical Research Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100123, P.R. China
| | - Emily Gerry
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Jordan Hall 302, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Zeng C, Wen B, Hou G, Lei L, Mei Z, Jia X, Chen X, Zhu W, Li J, Kuang Y, Zeng W, Su J, Liu S, Peng C, Chen X. Lipidomics profiling reveals the role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in psoriasis. Gigascience 2017; 6:1-11. [PMID: 29046044 PMCID: PMC5647792 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that is complicated by gene-environment interactions. Although genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses have been performed to investigate the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the role of metabolites in psoriasis, particularly of lipids, remains unclear. Lipids not only comprise the bulk of the cellular membrane bilayers but also regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, immunity, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In this study, an untargeted lipidomics approach was used to study the lipid profiles in psoriasis and to identify lipid metabolite signatures for psoriasis through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma samples from 90 participants (45 healthy and 45 psoriasis patients) were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was applied to find different metabolites between the disease and healthy groups. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to validate differentially expressed lipids in psoriatic patient plasma. Finally, we identified differential expression of several lipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidic acid (PA); among these metabolites, LPA, LysoPC, and PA were significantly increased, while PC and PI were down-regulated in psoriasis patients. We found that elements of glycerophospholipid metabolism such as LPA, LysoPC, PA, PI, and PC were significantly altered in the plasma of psoriatic patients; this study characterizes the circulating lipids in psoriatic patients and provides novel insight into the role of lipids in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Zeng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Guixue Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Zhanlong Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Xuekun Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
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10
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Poulos SP, Dodson MV, Culver MF, Hausman GJ. The increasingly complex regulation of adipocyte differentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:449-56. [PMID: 26645953 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215619041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose (AD) tissue development and function relies on the ability of adipocytes to proliferate and differentiate into lipid-containing cells that also have endocrine function. Research suggests that certain conditions can induce AD tissue stem cells to differentiate into various cell types and that the microenvironment of the cell, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), is essential in maintaining cell and tissue function. This review provides an overview of factors involved in the proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. A brief review of the numerous factors that influence PPARγ, the transcription factor thought to be the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, provides context of established pathways that regulate adipogenesis. Thought provoking findings from research with hypoxia that is supported by earlier research that vascular development is related to adipogenesis are reviewed. Finally, our understanding of the critical role of the ECM and environment in adipogenesis is discussed and compared with studies that suggest that adipocytes may dedifferentiate and can convert into other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael V Dodson
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | - Gary J Hausman
- Animal and Dairy Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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11
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Tsukahara T, Tsukahara R, Haniu H, Matsuda Y, Murakami-Murofushi K. Cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor from diabetic human coronary artery endothelial cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:320-9. [PMID: 26007326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by building up plaques formation and leads to a potentially serious condition in which arteries are clogged by fatty substances such as cholesterol. Increasing evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is accelerated in type 2 diabetes. Recent study reported that high level of alkyl glycerophosphate (AGP) was accumulated in atherosclerotic lesions. The presence of this phospholipid in mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is likely to be involved in atherogenesis. It has been reported that the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma plays a key role in developing atherosclerosis. Our previous result indicates that cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), one of bioactive lipids, potently suppresses neointima formation by inhibiting the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this study, to elucidate the mechanism of the cPA-PPARγ axis in the coronary artery endothelium, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the proliferation, migration, and secretion of VEGF in human coronary artery endothelial cells from diabetes patients (D-HCAECs). AGP induced cell growth and migration; however, cPA suppressed the AGP-elicited growth and migration in D-HCAECs. Moreover, AGP increased VEGF secretion from D-HCAECs, and this event was attenuated by cPA. Taken together, these results suggest that cPA suppresses VEGF-stimulated growth and migration in D-HCAECs. These findings could be important for regulatory roles of PPARγ and VEGF in the vascular processes associated with diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Tsukahara
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Science and Education Center, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-861, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institue for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
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12
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Aouali N, Broukou A, Bosseler M, Keunen O, Schlesser V, Janji B, Palissot V, Stordeur P, Berchem G. Epigenetic Activity of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonists Increases the Anticancer Effect of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Multiple Myeloma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130339. [PMID: 26091518 PMCID: PMC4474836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a major role in the development of multiple myeloma. We have previously reported that the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) enhances, in-vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), on multiple myeloma cells. Here, we described the development of a new multiple myeloma mouse model using MOLP8 cells, in order to evaluate the effect of VPA/PIO combination on the progression of myeloma cells, by analyzing the proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells. We showed that VPA/PIO delays the progression of the disease and the invasion of myeloma cells in the bone marrow. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that VPA/PIO increases the cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP, and induces the acetylation of Histone 3 (H3). Furthermore, we provided evidence that PPARγ agonist is able to enhance the action of other HDACi such as Vorinostat or Mocetinostat. Using PPARγ antagonist or siPPARγ, we strongly suggest that, as described during adipogenesis, PIO behaves as an epigenetic regulator by improving the activity of HDACi. This study highlights the therapeutic benefit of PIO/VPA combination, compared to VPA treatment as a single-arm therapy on multiple myeloma and further highlights that such combination may constitute a new promising treatment strategy which should be supported by clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassera Aouali
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | - Angeliki Broukou
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Manon Bosseler
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Olivier Keunen
- Laboratory Neuro-Oncology, Norlux, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Vincent Schlesser
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bassam Janji
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Valerie Palissot
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Stordeur
- Biotechnology Department, Experimental Infectious Diseases Platform, CER Group, Marloie, Belgium
| | - Guy Berchem
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemato-Oncology, LHCE, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Strassen, Luxembourg
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13
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Tsukahara R, Haniu H, Matsuda Y, Tsukahara T. Heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP3) is a lysophosphatidic acid-binding protein in human coronary artery endothelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:947-51. [PMID: 25426414 PMCID: PMC4239478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty-acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart (FABP3), also known as heart-type FABP, is a member of the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins. It is a small cytoplasmic protein with a molecular mass of about 15 kDa. FABPs are known to be carrier proteins for transporting fatty acids and other lipophilic substances from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where these lipids are released to a group of nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In this study, using lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-coated agarose beads, we have identified FABP3 as an LPA carrier protein in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Administration of LPA to HCAECs resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PPARγ activation. Furthermore, the LPA-induced PPARγ activation was abolished when the FABP3 expression was reduced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). We further show that the nuclear fraction of control HCAECs contained a significant amount of exogenously added LPA, whereas FABP3 siRNA-transfected HCAECs had a decreased level of LPA in the nucleus. Taken together, these results suggest that FABP3 governs the transcriptional activities of LPA by targeting them to cognate PPARγ in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tsukahara
- Endowed Research Division of Human Welfare Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan ; Science and Education Center, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-861, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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14
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H, Matsuda Y. Cyclic phosphatidic acid inhibits alkyl-glycerophosphate-induced downregulation of histone deacetylase 2 expression and suppresses the inflammatory response in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:955-61. [PMID: 25013374 PMCID: PMC4081316 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the endothelium by alkyl-glycerophosphate (AGP) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Our previous study suggested that cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) inhibits arterial wall remodeling in a rat model in vivo. However, the mechanisms through which specific target genes are regulated during this process remain unclear. Here, we examined whether cPA inhibited AGP-induced expression of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs, namely HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8), which may affect subsequent transcriptional activity of target genes. Our experimental results showed that human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) expressed high levels of HDAC2 and low levels HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC8. Moreover, AGP treatment induced downregulation of HDAC2 expression in HCAECs. However, cotreatment with cPA inhibited this downregulation of HDAC2 expression. Interestingly, treatment with AGP increased the expression and secretion of endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8; however, this effect was inhibited when HCAECs were cotreated with cPA or the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist T0070907. Thus, our data suggested that cPA may have beneficial effects in inflammation-related cardiovascular disease by controlling HDAC2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- 1. Department of Hematology and Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- 2. Institue for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- 3. Clinical Pharmacology Educational Center, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
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15
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Chen GL, Miller GM. Extensive alternative splicing of the repressor element silencing transcription factor linked to cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62217. [PMID: 23614038 PMCID: PMC3628349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The repressor element silencing transcription factor (REST) is a coordinate transcriptional and epigenetic regulator which functions as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene depending on cellular context, and a truncated splice variant REST4 has been linked to various types of cancer. We performed a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing (AS) of REST by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and PCR amplification of cDNAs from various tissues and cell lines with specific primers. We identified 8 novel alternative exons including an alternate last exon which doubles the REST gene boundary, along with numerous 5'/3' splice sites and ends in the constitutive exons. With the combination of various splicing patterns (e.g. exon skipping and alternative usage of the first and last exons) that are predictive of altered REST activity, at least 45 alternatively spliced variants of coding and non-coding mRNA were expressed in a species- and cell-type/tissue-specific manner with individual differences. By examining the repertoire of REST pre-mRNA splicing in 27 patients with kidney, liver and lung cancer, we found that all patients without exception showed differential expression of various REST splice variants between paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues, with striking cell-type/tissue and individual differences. Moreover, we revealed that exon 3 skipping, which causes no frame shift but loss of a domain essential for nuclear translocation, was affected by pioglitazone, a highly selective activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) which contributes to cell differentiation and tumorigenesis besides its metabolic actions. Accordingly, this study demonstrates an extensive AS of REST pre-mRNA which redefines REST gene boundary and structure, along with a general but differential link between REST pre-mRNA splicing and various types of cancer. These findings advance our understanding of the complex, context-dependent regulation of REST gene expression and function, and provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lin Chen
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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16
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Matayoshi S, Chiba S, Lin Y, Arakaki K, Matsumoto H, Nakanishi T, Suzuki M, Kato S. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 signaling potentially modulates malignant behavior in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1560-8. [PMID: 23467751 PMCID: PMC3661186 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common non-skin cancer worldwide. Despite improvement in therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of advanced HNSCC remains poor. The extacellular lipid mediators known as lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) have been implicated in tumorigenesis of HNSCC. LPAs activate G-protein-coupled receptors not only in the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family (LPA1, LPA2, LPA3) but also in the phylogenetically distant non-Edg family (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6). The distinct roles of these receptor isoforms in HNSCC tumorigenesis have not been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ectopic expression of LPA4 in SQ-20B, an HNSCC cell line, expressing a trivial level of endogenous LPA4. LPA (18:1) stimulated proliferation of SQ-20B cells, but did not affect proliferation of HEp-2, an SCC cell line expressing higher levels of LPA4, comparable to those of with LPA1. LPA-stimulated proliferation of SQ-20B cells was attenuated by Ki16425 and Rac1 inhibitor, but not by Y-27632. Infection with doxycycline-regulatable adenovirus vector expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged LPA4 (AdvLPA4G) abolished LPA-stimulated proliferation in SQ-20B cells with the accumulation of G2/M-phasic cells. Ectopic LPA4 induction further downregulated proliferation of Ki16425-treated SQ-20B cells, of which downregulation was partially recovered by LPA. Ectopic LPA4 induction also downregulated proliferation of Rac1 inhibitor-treated SQ-20B cells, however, LPA no longer recovered it. Finally, LPA-induced cell motility was suppressed by ectopic LPA4 expression as well as by Ki16425, Rac1 inhibitor or Y-27632. Our data suggest that LPA4 signaling potentially modulates malignant behavior of SQ-20B cells. LPA signaling, which is mediated by both Edg and non-Edg receptors, may be a determinant of malignant behavior of HNSCC and could therefore be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Matayoshi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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17
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PPAR γ Networks in Cell Signaling: Update and Impact of Cyclic Phosphatidic Acid. J Lipids 2013; 2013:246597. [PMID: 23476786 PMCID: PMC3582055 DOI: 10.1155/2013/246597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipid (LPL) has long been recognized as a membrane phospholipid metabolite. Recently, however, the LPL has emerged as a candidate for diagnostic and pharmacological interest. LPLs include lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), alkyl glycerol phosphate (AGP), cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). These biologically active lipid mediators serve to promote a variety of responses that include cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These LPL-related responses are mediated by cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors and also intracellular receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In this paper, we focus mainly on the most recent findings regarding the biological function of nuclear receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling in mammalian systems, specifically as they relate to health and diseases. Also, we will briefly review the biology of PPARγ and then provide an update of lysophospholipids PPARγ ligands that are under investigation as a therapeutic compound and which are targets of PPARγ relevant to diseases.
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18
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Tsukahara T, Murakami-Murofushi K. Release of cyclic phosphatidic acid from gelatin-based hydrogels inhibit colon cancer cell growth and migration. Sci Rep 2012; 2:687. [PMID: 23008752 PMCID: PMC3449289 DOI: 10.1038/srep00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticle and nanoparticle formulations are widely used to improve the bioavailability of low-solubility drugs and as vehicles for organ- and tissue-specific targeted drug delivery. We investigated the effect of a novel, controlled-release form of a bioactive lipid, cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), on human colon cancer cell line functions. We encapsulated cPA in gelatin-based hydrogels and examined its ability to inhibit the viability and migration of HT-29 and DLD-1 cells in vitro and the LPA-induced activity of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). The hydrogel delivery system prolonged cPA release into the culture medium. Accordingly, cPA-hydrogel microspheres substantially inhibited LPA-induced PPARγ activity and cell growth and migration compared with that of cells cultured with cPA alone. Thus, hydrogel microspheres are a potential system for stable and efficient delivery of bioactive lipids such as cPA and may offer a new strategy for targeted colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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19
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Tsukahara T, Haniu H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma overexpression suppresses proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:524-9. [PMID: 22771328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) plays an important role in the differentiation of intestinal cells and tissues. Our previous reports indicate that PPARγ is expressed at considerable levels in human colon cancer cells. This suggests that PPARγ expression may be an important factor for cell growth regulation in colon cancer. In this study, we investigated PPARγ expression in 4 human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, LOVO, DLD-1, and Caco-2. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis revealed that the relative levels of PPARγ mRNA and protein in these cells were in the order HT-29>LOVO>Caco-2>DLD-1. We also found that PPARγ overexpression promoted cell growth inhibition in PPARγ lower-expressing cell lines (Caco-2 and DLD-1), but not in higher-expressing cells (HT-29 and LOVO). We observed a correlation between the level of PPARγ expression and the cells' sensitivity for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tsukahara
- Department of Integrative Physiology & Bio-System Control, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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