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Rose SC, Larsen M, Xie Y, Sharfstein ST. Salivary Gland Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 38247905 PMCID: PMC10813147 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction affects millions globally, and tissue engineering may provide a promising therapeutic avenue. This review delves into the current state of salivary gland tissue engineering research, starting with a study of normal salivary gland development and function. It discusses the impact of fibrosis and cellular senescence on salivary gland pathologies. A diverse range of cells suitable for tissue engineering including cell lines, primary salivary gland cells, and stem cells are examined. Moreover, the paper explores various supportive biomaterials and scaffold fabrication methodologies that enhance salivary gland cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. Innovative engineering strategies for the improvement of vascularization, innervation, and engraftment of engineered salivary gland tissue, including bioprinting, microfluidic hydrogels, mesh electronics, and nanoparticles, are also evaluated. This review underscores the promising potential of this research field for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction and suggests directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Rose
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA;
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
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2
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Barrows CM, Wu D, Farach-Carson MC, Young S. Building a Functional Salivary Gland for Cell-Based Therapy: More than Secretory Epithelial Acini. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1332-1348. [PMID: 32829674 PMCID: PMC7759264 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A few treatment options exist for patients experiencing xerostomia due to hyposalivation that occurs as a result of disease or injury to the gland. An opportunity for a permanent solution lies in the field of salivary gland replacement through tissue engineering. Recent success emboldens in the vision of producing a tissue-engineered salivary gland composed of differentiated salivary epithelial cells that are able to differentiate to form functional units that produce and deliver saliva to the oral cavity. This vision is augmented by advances in understanding cellular mechanisms that guide branching morphogenesis and salivary epithelial cell polarization in both acinar and ductal structures. Growth factors and other guidance cues introduced into engineered constructs help to develop a more complex glandular structure that seeks to mimic native salivary gland tissue. This review describes the separate epithelial phenotypes that make up the gland, and it describes their relationship with the other cell types such as nerve and vasculature that surround them. The review is organized around the links between the native components that form and contribute to various aspects of salivary gland development, structure, and function and how this information can drive the design of functional tissue-engineered constructs. In addition, we discuss the attributes of various biomaterials commonly used to drive function and form in engineered constructs. The review also contains a current description of the state-of-the-art of the field, including successes and challenges in creating materials for preclinical testing in animal models. The ability to integrate biomolecular cues in combination with a range of materials opens the door to the design of increasingly complex salivary gland structures that, once accomplished, can lead to breakthroughs in other fields of tissue engineering of epithelial-based exocrine glands or oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlynn M.L. Barrows
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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Mitroulia A, Gavriiloglou M, Athanasiadou P, Bakopoulou A, Poulopoulos A, Panta P, Patil S, Andreadis D. Salivary Gland Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration: An Update on Possible Therapeutic Application. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:978-986. [PMID: 31797858 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to combine literature and experimental data concerning the impact of salivary gland (SG) stem cells (SCs) and their therapeutic prospects in tissue regeneration. So far, SCs were isolated from human and rodent major and minor SGs that enabled their regeneration. Several scaffolds were also combined with "SCs" and different "proteins" to achieve guided differentiation, although none have been proven as ideal. A new aspect of SC therapy aims to establish a vice versa relationship between SG and other ecto- or endodermal organs such as the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and thyroid. SC therapy could be a cheap and simple, non-traumatic, and individualized therapy for medically challenging cases like xerostomia and major organ failures. Functional improvement has been achieved in these organs, but till date, the whole organ in vivo regeneration was not achieved. Concerns about malignant formations and possible failures are yet to be resolved. In this review article, we highlight the basic embryology of SGs, existence of SG SCs with a detailed exploration of various cellular markers, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and, in the later part, cover potential therapeutic applications with a special focus on the pancreas and liver. Keywords: Salivary gland stem cells, Stem cell therapy, Tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mitroulia
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Gavriiloglou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Poluxeni Athanasiadou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology-Tissue Regeneration Unit, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India, Phone: +91 9701806830, e-mail:
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Hirayama M. Advances in Functional Restoration of the Lacrimal Glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:DES174-DES182. [PMID: 30481824 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal glands produce tears to support a healthy homeostatic environment on the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland dysfunction characteristic of dry eye disease causes ocular discomfort and visual disturbances and in severe cases can result in a loss of vision. The demand for adequate restoration of lacrimal gland function has been intensified due to advances in stem cell biology, developmental biology, and bioengineering technologies. In addition to conventional therapies, including artificial tears, tear alternatives (such as autologous serum eye drops) and salivary gland transplantation, a regenerative medicine approach has been identified as a novel strategy to restore the function of the lacrimal gland. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of progenitor cell injection therapy to repair the tissue of the lacrimal glands. A current three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering technique has been shown to regenerate a secretory gland structure by reproducing reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during ontogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A novel direct reprogramming method has suggested a possibility to induce markers in the lacrimal gland developmental process from human pluripotent stem cells. The development of this method is supported by advances in our understanding of gene expression and regulatory networks involved in the development and differentiation of the lacrimal glands. Engineering science has proposed a medical device to stimulate tearing and a bio-hybrid scaffold to reconstruct the 3D lacrimal gland structure. In this review, we will summarize recent bioengineering advances in lacrimal gland regeneration toward the functional restoration of the lacrimal glands as a future dry eye therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States
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Adhikari N, Neupane S, Roh J, Aryal YP, Lee ES, Jung JK, Yamamoto H, Lee Y, Sohn WJ, Kim JY, Kim JY. Gene profiling involved in fate determination of salivary gland type in mouse embryogenesis. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:10.1007/s13258-018-0715-z. [PMID: 29934934 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) development involves dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions resulting in the formation of highly branched epithelial structures that produce and secrete saliva. The SG epithelium differentiates into saliva-producing terminal buds, i.e., acini, and transporting ducts. Most studies on the salivary gland have focused on branching morphogenesis; however, acinar cell differentiation underlying the determination of serous or mucous salivary glands is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the mesenchymal signaling molecules involved in the epithelial differentiation of the salivary gland type as serous or mucous. Salivary glands undergoing stage-specific development, including the parotid gland (PG) and the sublingual gland (SLG) at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) were dissected. The glands were treated with dispase II to separate the epithelium and the mesenchyme. RNA from mesenchyme was processed for microarray analysis. Thereafter, microarray data were analyzed to identify putative candidate molecules involved in salivary gland differentiation and confirmed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The microarray analysis revealed the expression of 31,873 genes in the PG and SLG mesenchyme. Of the expressed genes 21,026 genes were found to be equally expressed (Fold change 1.000) in both PG and SLG mesenchyme. The numbers of genes expressed over onefold in the PG and SLG mesenchyme were found to be 5247 and 5600 respectively. On limiting the fold-change cut off value over 1.5 folds, only 214 and 137 genes were expressed over 1.5 folds in the PG and the SLG mesenchyme respectively. Our findings suggest that differential expression patterns of the mesenchymal signaling molecules are involved in fate determination of the salivary acinar cell types during mouse embryogenesis. In the near future, functional evaluation of the candidate genes will be performed using gain- and loss-of-function mutation studies during in vitro organ cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirpesh Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Roh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eui-Seon Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wern-Joo Sohn
- Division of Biotechnology and Convergence, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambangmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.
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Nam H, Kim JH, Hwang JY, Kim GH, Kim JW, Jang M, Lee JH, Park K, Lee G. Characterization of Primary Epithelial Cells Derived from Human Salivary Gland Contributing to in vivo Formation of Acini-like Structures. Mol Cells 2018; 41:515-522. [PMID: 29890826 PMCID: PMC6030237 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with head and neck cancer are treated with therapeutic irradiation, which can result in irreversible salivary gland dysfunction. Because there is no complete cure for such patients, stem cell therapy is an emerging alternative for functional restoration of salivary glands. In this study, we investigated in vitro characteristics of primarily isolated epithelial cells from human salivary gland (Epi-SGs) and in vivo formation of acini-like structures by Epi-SGs. Primarily isolated Epi-SGs showed typical epithelial cell-like morphology and expressed E-cadherin but not N-cadherin. Epi-SGs expressed epithelial stem cell (EpiSC) and embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers. During long-term culture, the expression of EpiSC and ESC markers was highly detected and maintained within the core population with small size and low cytoplasmic complexity. The core population expressed cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 14, known as duct markers indicating that Epi-SGs might be originated from the duct. When Epi-SGs were transplanted in vivo with Matrigel, acini-like structures were readily formed at 4 days after transplantation and they were maintained at 7 days after transplantation. Taken together, our data suggested that Epi-SGs might contain stem cells which were positive for EpiSC and ESC markers, and Epi-SGs might contribute to the regeneration of acini-like structures in vivo. We expect that Epi-SGs will be useful source for the functional restoration of damaged salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Gee-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Gene Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
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7
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Emmerson E, Knox SM. Salivary gland stem cells: A review of development, regeneration and cancer. Genesis 2018; 56:e23211. [PMID: 29663717 PMCID: PMC5980780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are responsible for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and are routinely damaged by therapeutic radiation for head and neck cancer as well as by autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. Regenerative approaches based on the reactivation of endogenous stem cells or the transplant of exogenous stem cells hold substantial promise in restoring the structure and function of these organs to improve patient quality of life. However, these approaches have been hampered by a lack of knowledge on the identity of salivary stem cell populations and their regulators. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on salivary stem cells and their regulators during organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. As increasing evidence in other systems suggests that progenitor cells may be a source of cancer, we also review whether these same salivary stem cells may also be cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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8
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Morphological Study on the Correlation of Prenatal and Postnatal Development between Mouse Parotid Salivary Gland and Tooth. Appl Microsc 2017. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2017.47.4.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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9
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Sisto M, Lorusso L, Ingravallo G, Lisi S. Exocrine Gland Morphogenesis: Insights into the Role of Amphiregulin from Development to Disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:477-499. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Dong J, Huang G. [Research progress in cell therapy and tissue engineering approach to regenerate salivary gland]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2017; 31:369-373. [PMID: 29806270 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201611101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress in cell therapy and tissue engineering approach to regenerate salivary gland so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of salivary hypofunction. Methods The recent literature on cell therapy and tissue engineering for the regeneration of salivary glands was reviewed and summarized. Results It is feasible to repair the salivary function by using various stem cells to repair damaged tissue, or by establishing salivary gland tissue ex vivo for salivary gland function restoration and reconstruction. However, the mechanism of three dimensional culturing salivary organoids during organogenesis and function expressing and the potential influence of tissue specific extracellular matrix during this process should be further studied. Conclusion Basic research of cell therapy and salivary tissue engineering should be deeply developed, and a standardized culturing system should be established in vitro. In addition, it is of great significance to study the in vivo effects of salivary gland-specific cells, non salivary gland epithelial cells and transplanted gene-transfected stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000, P.R.China
| | - Guilin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563000,
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11
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Lombaert I, Movahednia MM, Adine C, Ferreira JN. Concise Review: Salivary Gland Regeneration: Therapeutic Approaches from Stem Cells to Tissue Organoids. Stem Cells 2016; 35:97-105. [PMID: 27406006 PMCID: PMC6310135 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human salivary gland (SG) has an elegant architecture of epithelial acini, connecting ductal branching structures, vascular and neuronal networks that together function to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on the translation of cell- and tissue-based research toward therapies for patients suffering from SG hypofunction and related dry mouth syndrome (xerostomia), as a consequence of radiation therapy or systemic disease. We will broadly review the recent literature and discuss the clinical prospects of stem/progenitor cell and tissue-based therapies for SG repair and/or regeneration. Thus far, several strategies have been proposed for the purpose of restoring SG function: (1) transplanting autologous SG-derived epithelial stem/progenitor cells; (2) exploiting nonepithelial cells and/or their bioactive lysates; and (3) tissue engineering approaches using 3D (three-dimensional) biomaterials loaded with SG cells and/or bioactive cues to mimic in vivo SGs. We predict that further scientific improvement in each of these areas will translate to effective therapies toward the repair of damaged glands and the development of miniature SG organoids for the fundamental restoration of saliva secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lombaert
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohammad M Movahednia
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 119083, Singapore
| | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Ogawa M, Tsuji T. Functional salivary gland regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement regenerative therapy. Odontology 2015; 103:248-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Shubin AD, Felong TJ, Graunke D, Ovitt CE, Benoit DS. Development of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels for salivary gland tissue engineering applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1733-51. [PMID: 25762214 PMCID: PMC4449707 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40,000 patients are diagnosed with head and neck cancers annually in the United States with the vast majority receiving radiation therapy. Salivary glands are irreparably damaged by radiation therapy resulting in xerostomia, which severely affects patient quality of life. Cell-based therapies have shown some promise in mouse models of radiation-induced xerostomia, but they suffer from insufficient and inconsistent gland regeneration and accompanying secretory function. To aid in the development of regenerative therapies, poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels were investigated for the encapsulation of primary submandibular gland (SMG) cells for tissue engineering applications. Different methods of hydrogel formation and cell preparation were examined to identify cytocompatible encapsulation conditions for SMG cells. Cell viability was much higher after thiol-ene polymerizations compared with conventional methacrylate polymerizations due to reduced membrane peroxidation and intracellular reactive oxygen species formation. In addition, the formation of multicellular microspheres before encapsulation maximized cell-cell contacts and increased viability of SMG cells over 14-day culture periods. Thiol-ene hydrogel-encapsulated microspheres also promoted SMG proliferation. Lineage tracing was employed to determine the cellular composition of hydrogel-encapsulated microspheres using markers for acinar (Mist1) and duct (Keratin5) cells. Our findings indicate that both acinar and duct cell phenotypes are present throughout the 14 day culture period. However, the acinar:duct cell ratios are reduced over time, likely due to duct cell proliferation. Altogether, permissive encapsulation methods for primary SMG cells have been identified that promote cell viability, proliferation, and maintenance of differentiated salivary gland cell phenotypes, which allows for translation of this approach for salivary gland tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Shubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Timothy J. Felong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Dean Graunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Rochester, New York
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14
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Lim JY, Yi T, Lee S, Kim J, Kim SN, Song SU, Kim YM. Establishment and Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Clonal Stem Cells from Mouse Salivary Glands. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:447-57. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - TacGhee Yi
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- Drug Development Program, Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-na Kim
- Drug Development Program, Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun U. Song
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Mellas RE, Kim H, Osinski J, Sadibasic S, Gronostajski RM, Cho M, Baker OJ. NFIB regulates embryonic development of submandibular glands. J Dent Res 2014; 94:312-9. [PMID: 25403566 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514559129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NFIB (nuclear factor I B) is a NFI transcription factor family member, which is essential for the development of a variety of organ systems. Salivary gland development occurs through several stages, including prebud, bud, pseudoglandular, canalicular, and terminal. Although many studies have been done to understand mouse submandibular gland (SMG) branching morphogenesis, little is known about SMG cell differentiation during the terminal stages. The goal of this study was to determine the role of NFIB during SMG development. We analyzed SMGs from wild-type and Nfib-deficient mice (Nfib (-/-)). At embryonic (E) day 18.5, SMGs from wild-type mice showed duct branching morphogenesis and differentiation of tubule ductal cells into tubule secretory cells. In contrast, SMGs from Nfib (-/-) mice at E18.5 failed to differentiate into tubule secretory cells while branching morphogenesis was unaffected. SMGs from wild-type mice at E16.5 displayed well-organized cuboidal inner terminal tubule cells. However, SMGs from Nfib (-/-) at E16.5 displayed disorganized inner terminal tubule cells. SMGs from wild-type mice at E18.5 became fully differentiated, as indicated by a high degree of apicobasal polarization (i.e., presence of apical ZO-1 and basolateral E-cadherin) and columnar shape. Furthermore, SMGs from wild-type mice at E18.5 expressed the protein SMGC, a marker for tubule secretory cells. However, SMGs from Nfib (-/-) mice at E18.5 showed apicobasal polarity, but they were disorganized and lost the ability to secrete SMGC. These findings indicate that the transcription factor NFIB is not required for branching morphogenesis but plays a key role in tubule cell differentiation during mouse SMG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Mellas
- School of Dentistry University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - H Kim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Osinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Developmental Genomics Group, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Sadibasic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - R M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Developmental Genomics Group, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Cho
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - O J Baker
- School of Dentistry University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Hirayama M, Ogawa M, Oshima M, Sekine Y, Ishida K, Yamashita K, Ikeda K, Shimmura S, Kawakita T, Tsubota K, Tsuji T. Functional lacrimal gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2497. [PMID: 24084941 PMCID: PMC3806342 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland has a multifaceted role in maintaining a homeostatic microenvironment for a healthy ocular surface via tear secretion. Dry-eye disease, which is caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction, is one of the most prevalent eye diseases that cause corneal epithelial damage and results in significant loss of vision and a reduction in the quality of life. Here we demonstrate orthotopic transplantation of bioengineered lacrimal gland germs into adult mice with an extra-orbital lacrimal gland defect, a mouse model that mimics the corneal epithelial damage caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction. The bioengineered lacrimal gland germs and harderian gland germs both develop in vivo and achieve sufficient physiological functionality, including tear production in response to nervous stimulation and ocular surface protection. This study demonstrates the potential for bioengineered organ replacement to functionally restore the lacrimal gland. Lacrimal glands maintain a healthy corneal epithelium but are dysfunctional for example in dry-eye disease. Here, the authors transplant bioengineered lacrimal and harderian gland germs into mice, where they connect to the host duct and nervous system and restore lacrimal gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Hirayama
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160 8582, Japan [2] Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278 8510, Japan
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17
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Functional salivary gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2498. [PMID: 24084982 PMCID: PMC3806330 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction, also known as xerostomia, occurs as a result of radiation therapy for head cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome or aging, and can cause a variety of critical oral health issues, including dental decay, bacterial infection, mastication dysfunction, swallowing dysfunction and reduced quality of life. Here we demonstrate the full functional regeneration of a salivary gland that reproduces the morphogenesis induced by reciprocal epithelial and mesenchymal interactions through the orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered salivary gland germ as a regenerative organ replacement therapy. The bioengineered germ develops into a mature gland through acinar formations with a myoepithelium and innervation. The bioengineered submandibular gland produces saliva in response to the administration of pilocarpine and gustatory stimulation by citrate, protects against oral bacterial infection and restores normal swallowing in a salivary gland-defective mouse model. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for bioengineered salivary gland regeneration as a potential treatment of xerostomia. Salivary gland dysfunction as a result of diseases or ageing reduces the quality of life and causes various oral health problems. Here the authors show that the salivary gland function of mice can be recovered by orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered salivary gland germ.
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El-Sayed FG, Camden JM, Woods LT, Khalafalla MG, Petris MJ, Erb L, Weisman GA. P2Y2 nucleotide receptor activation enhances the aggregation and self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C83-96. [PMID: 24760984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyposalivation resulting from salivary gland dysfunction leads to poor oral health and greatly reduces the quality of life of patients. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited. However, regenerative medicine to replace dysfunctional salivary glands represents a revolutionary approach. The ability of dispersed salivary epithelial cells or salivary gland-derived progenitor cells to self-organize into acinar-like spheres or branching structures that mimic the native tissue holds promise for cell-based reconstitution of a functional salivary gland. However, the mechanisms involved in salivary epithelial cell aggregation and tissue reconstitution are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of the P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R), a G protein-coupled receptor that is upregulated following salivary gland damage and disease, in salivary gland reconstitution. In vitro results with the rat parotid acinar Par-C10 cell line indicate that P2Y2R activation with the selective agonist UTP enhances the self-organization of dispersed salivary epithelial cells into acinar-like spheres. Other results indicate that the P2Y2R-mediated response is dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor activation via the metalloproteases ADAM10/ADAM17 or the α5β1 integrin/Cdc42 signaling pathway, which leads to activation of the MAPKs JNK and ERK1/2. Ex vivo data using primary submandibular gland cells from wild-type and P2Y2R(-/-) mice confirmed that UTP-induced migratory responses required for acinar cell self-organization are mediated by the P2Y2R. Overall, this study suggests that the P2Y2R is a promising target for salivary gland reconstitution and identifies the involvement of two novel components of the P2Y2R signaling cascade in salivary epithelial cells, the α5β1 integrin and the Rho GTPase Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid G El-Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jean M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mahmoud G Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Laurie Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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19
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Ogawa M, Yamashita K, Niikura M, Nakajima K, Toyoshima KE, Oshima M, Tsuji T. Saliva secretion in engrafted mouse bioengineered salivary glands using taste stimulation. J Prosthodont Res 2014; 58:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Nigam SK. Concise review: can the intrinsic power of branching morphogenesis be used for engineering epithelial tissues and organs? Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:993-1000. [PMID: 24191267 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is critical to the development of organs such as kidney, lung, mammary gland, prostate, pancreas, and salivary gland. Essentially, an epithelial bud becomes an iterative tip-stalk generator (ITSG) able to form a tree of branching ducts and/or tubules. In different organs, branching morphogenesis is governed by similar sets of genes. Epithelial branching has been recapitulated in vitro (or ex vivo) using three-dimensional cell culture and partial organ culture systems, and several such systems relevant to kidney tissue engineering are discussed here. By adapting systems like these it may be possible to harness the power inherent in the ITSG program to propagate and engineer epithelial tissues and organs. It is also possible to conceive of a universal ITSG capable of propagation that may, by recombination with organ-specific mesenchymal cells, be used for engineering many organ-like tissues similar to the organ from which the mesenchyme cells were derived, or toward which they are differentiated (from stem cells). The three-dimensional (3D) branched epithelial structure could act as a dynamic branching cellular scaffold to establish the architecture for the rest of the tissue. Another strategy-that of recombining propagated organ-specific ITSGs in 3D culture with undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells-is also worth exploring. If feasible, such engineered tissues may be useful for the ex vivo study of drug toxicity, developmental biology, and physiology in the laboratory. Over the long term, they have potential clinical applications in the general fields of transplantation, regenerative medicine, and bioartificial medical devices to aid in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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21
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An in vitro culture system for long-term expansion of epithelial and mesenchymal salivary gland cells: role of TGF-β1 in salivary gland epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:815895. [PMID: 23841093 PMCID: PMC3690740 DOI: 10.1155/2013/815895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite a pivotal role in salivary gland development, homeostasis, and disease, the role of salivary gland mesenchyme is not well understood. In this study, we used the Col1a1-GFP mouse model to characterize the salivary gland mesenchyme in vitro and in vivo. The Col1a1-GFP transgene was exclusively expressed in the salivary gland mesenchyme. Ex vivo culture of mixed salivary gland cells in DMEM plus serum medium allowed long-term expansion of salivary gland epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The role of TGF-β1 in salivary gland development and disease is complex. Therefore, we used this in vitro culture system to study the effects of TGF-β1 on salivary gland cell differentiation. TGF-β1 induced the expression of collagen, and inhibited the formation of acini-like structures in close proximity to mesenchymal cells, which adapted a fibroblastic phenotype. In contrast, TGF-βR1 inhibition increased acini genes and fibroblast growth factors (Fgf-7 and Fgf-10), decreased collagen and induced formation of larger, mature acini-like structures. Thus, inhibition of TGF-β signaling may be beneficial for salivary gland differentiation; however, due to differential effects of TGF-β1 in salivary gland epithelial versus mesenchymal cells, selective inhibition is desirable. In conclusion, this mixed salivary gland cell culture system can be used to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the effects of differentiating inducers and inhibitors.
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22
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Nelson DA, Manhardt C, Kamath V, Sui Y, Santamaria-Pang A, Can A, Bello M, Corwin A, Dinn SR, Lazare M, Gervais EM, Sequeira SJ, Peters SB, Ginty F, Gerdes MJ, Larsen M. Quantitative single cell analysis of cell population dynamics during submandibular salivary gland development and differentiation. Biol Open 2013; 2:439-47. [PMID: 23789091 PMCID: PMC3654261 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial organ morphogenesis involves reciprocal interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cell types to balance progenitor cell retention and expansion with cell differentiation for evolution of tissue architecture. Underlying submandibular salivary gland branching morphogenesis is the regulated proliferation and differentiation of perhaps several progenitor cell populations, which have not been characterized throughout development, and yet are critical for understanding organ development, regeneration, and disease. Here we applied a serial multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry technology to map the progressive refinement of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations throughout development from embryonic day 14 through postnatal day 20. Using computational single cell analysis methods, we simultaneously mapped the evolving temporal and spatial location of epithelial cells expressing subsets of differentiation and progenitor markers throughout salivary gland development. We mapped epithelial cell differentiation markers, including aquaporin 5, PSP, SABPA, and mucin 10 (acinar cells); cytokeratin 7 (ductal cells); and smooth muscle α-actin (myoepithelial cells) and epithelial progenitor cell markers, cytokeratin 5 and c-kit. We used pairwise correlation and visual mapping of the cells in multiplexed images to quantify the number of single- and double-positive cells expressing these differentiation and progenitor markers at each developmental stage. We identified smooth muscle α-actin as a putative early myoepithelial progenitor marker that is expressed in cytokeratin 5-negative cells. Additionally, our results reveal dynamic expansion and redistributions of c-kit- and K5-positive progenitor cell populations throughout development and in postnatal glands. The data suggest that there are temporally and spatially discreet progenitor populations that contribute to salivary gland development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222 , USA
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23
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Yuan YW, Tamamura R, Lei L, Katase N, Ara Sathi G, Ito S, Tsujigiwa H, Nagatsuka H. The Ability of Transplanted Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to Differentiate into Parenchymal Cells of Salivary Glands. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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