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Kourie HR, Zouein J, Succar B, Mardirossian A, Ahmadieh N, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Jalkh N, kattan J, Nemr E. Genetic Polymorphisms Involved in Bladder Cancer: A Global Review. Oncol Rev 2023; 17:10603. [PMID: 38025894 PMCID: PMC10657888 DOI: 10.3389/or.2023.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) has been associated with genetic susceptibility. Single peptide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate BC susceptibility. A literature search was performed covering the period between January 2000 and October 2020. Overall, 334 articles were selected, reporting 455 SNPs located in 244 genes. The selected 455 SNPs were further investigated. All SNPs that were associated with smoking and environmental exposure were excluded from this study. A total of 197 genes and 343 SNPs were found to be associated with BC, among which 177 genes and 291 SNPs had congruent results across all available studies. These genes and SNPs were classified into eight different categories according to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Zouein
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bahaa Succar
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Avedis Mardirossian
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nizar Ahmadieh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph kattan
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Habil MR, Hein DW. Effects of dose and human N-acetyltransferase 1 genetic polymorphism in benzidine metabolism and genotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1765-1772. [PMID: 37097310 PMCID: PMC10192036 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Benzidine undergoes N-acetylation and following CYP1A2-catalyzed N-hydroxylation undergoes O-acetylation catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). Benzidine exposure is associated with urinary bladder cancer but the effect of NAT1 genetic polymorphism on individual risk remains unclear. We used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human CYP1A2 and NAT1*4 allele (reference) or NAT1*14B (variant) to investigate the effects of dose and NAT1 polymorphism on benzidine metabolism and genotoxicity. Rates of benzidine N-acetylation in vitro were higher in CHO cells transfected with NAT1*4 compared to NAT1*14B. CHO cells transfected with NAT1*14B exhibited greater N-acetylation rates in situ than cells transfected with NAT1*4 at low doses of benzidine expected with environmental exposures but not at higher doses. NAT1*14B exhibited over tenfold lower apparent KM which resulted in higher intrinsic clearance for benzidine N-acetylation compared to CHO cells transfected with NAT1*4. Benzidine-induced hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mutations were higher in CHO cells transfected with NAT1*14B than with NAT1*4 (p < 0.001). Benzidine caused concentration-dependent increase in γ-H2AX signal (indicative of DNA double-strand breaks) in CHO cells transfected with NAT1*4 or NAT1*14B. CHO cells transfected with NAT1*14B exhibited significantly higher level of DNA damage than with NAT1*4 (p < 0.0001). Benzidine-induced ROS did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between CHO cells transfected with NAT1*4 or NAT1*14B except at 50 μM. Levels of benzidine-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed strong dose-dependent correlation. Our findings support human studies associating NAT1*14B with increased incidence or severity of urinary bladder cancer in workers exposed to benzidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam R Habil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Kourie HR, Succar B, Chouery E, Mehawej C, Ahmadieh N, Zouein J, Mardirossian A, Jalkh N, Sleilaty G, Kattan J, Nemr E. Genetic susceptibility of bladder cancer in the Lebanese population. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:217. [PMID: 36253817 PMCID: PMC9575197 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequent tumor worldwide. Evidence shows an association between elevated risk of BC and various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). BC incidence was the highest in Lebanon according to Globocan 2018 report, but little is known about the genetic susceptibility of Lebanese people to this disease. We aim to evaluate whether this prominent incidence of BC in Lebanon is attributable to known coding genetic variants. Methods A case-control study was conducted at Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut. A cohort of 51 Lebanese patients with BC were recruited between 2017 and 2020. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on peripheral blood samples to detect coding genetic variants in the patients. An in-house database including WES data from 472 Lebanese individuals served as control. Literature review of the genetic predisposition to BC was conducted to establish a database of variants known to influence the risk of BC. In-common SNPs were identified between cases and the aforecited database, and their allelic frequencies was quantified in the former and in controls. Comparative analysis of the allelic frequencies of each in-common SNP was carried out between cases, controls, and the genome aggregation database (gnomAD). Analysis was performed by applying the binomial law and setting the p-value to 10− 10. Results 484 polymorphisms associated with BC were extracted from the literature review ;151 of which were in-common with the 206 939 variations detected by WES in our cases. Statistically significant differences (p-value < 10− 10) in allelic frequencies was seen in 11 of the 151 in-common SNPs, but none of which corresponds with a higher BC risk. Moreover, rs4986782 variant in the NAT1 gene is not associated with BC in the Lebanese population. `. Conclusion This is the first next-generation sequencing (NGS)- based study investigating BC risk in a Lebanese cohort of 51 patients. The majority of known exonic variants in the literature were not associated with BC in our patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to explore the association of BC in our population with known non-coding genetic variants, and the remainder of WES-generated private Lebanese variants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01372-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bahaa Succar
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nizar Ahmadieh
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Zouein
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Avedis Mardirossian
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Jalkh
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Sleilaty
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Kattan
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Doll MA, Hein DW. 560G>A (rs4986782) (R187Q) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 Increases Affinity for the Aromatic Amine Carcinogens 4-Aminobiphenyl and N-Hydroxy-4-Aminobiphenyl: Implications for Cancer Risk Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820082. [PMID: 35273499 PMCID: PMC8902414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) catalyzes the N-acetylation of arylamine carcinogens such as 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and following N-hydroxylation, the O-acetylation of N-hydroxy-arylamine carcinogens such as N-hydroxy-ABP (N-OH-ABP). Genetic polymorphisms in NAT1 are linked to cancer susceptibility following exposures. The effects of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAT1 coding exon on Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants was assessed for ABP N-acetyltransferase and N-OH-ABP O-acetyltransferase activity following transfection of human NAT1 into COS-1 cells (SV40-transformed African green monkey kidney cells). NAT1 coding region SNPs 97C > T (rs56318881) (R33stop), 190C > T (rs56379106) (R64W), 559C > T (rs5030839) (R187stop) and 752A > T (rs56172717) (D251V) reduced ABP N- acetyltransferase and N-OH-ABP O-acetyltransferase activity below detection. 21T > G (rs4986992) (synonymous), 402T > C (rs146727732) (synonymous), 445G > A (rs4987076) (V149I), 613A > G (rs72554609) (M205V) and 640T > G (rs4986783) (S241A) did not significantly affect Vmax for ABP N-acetyltransferase or N-OH-ABP O-acetyltransferase. 781G > A (rs72554610) (E261K), and 787A > G (rs72554611) (I263V) slightly reduced ABP N-acetyltransferase and N-OH-ABP O-acetyltransferase activities whereas 560G > A (rs4986782) (R187Q) substantially and significantly reduced them. 560G > A (rs4986782) (R187Q) significantly reduced the apparent Km for ABP and N-OH-ABP a finding that was not observed with any of the other NAT1 SNPs tested. These findings suggest that the role of the 560G > A (rs4986782) (R187Q) SNP cancer risk assessment may be modified by exposure level to aromatic amine carcinogens such as ABP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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Sirivarasai J, Chanprasertyothin S, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Genetic Polymorphisms of Pesticide-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Agricultural Workers and Thyroid Hormone Levels. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3435-3451. [PMID: 34434063 PMCID: PMC8380960 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s314510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic exposure to pesticides has been associated with thyroid dysfunction owing to their endocrine disruption ability. Genetic variations in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes and phase III transporters are partly responsible for individual responses to chemical pesticides. This study investigated the association between variations in genes involved in pesticide metabolism and altered thyroid hormone concentrations. METHODS We assessed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) in organic agriculture workers (n = 216) and workers who used chemical pesticides (n = 229). A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, pesticide exposure, and health status data. Blood samples were analyzed for TSH, FT3, and FT4. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped using the TaqMan real-time PCR genotyping assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism method for 15 metabolically related genes. RESULTS Significant differences in the TSH (1.58 vs 1.12 µIU/mL) and FT3 (0.34 vs 0.31 ng/dL) concentrations between the chemical and organic worker groups were observed. The frequencies of all single nucleotide polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and were mostly consistent with Asian populations. The findings showed the association between SNPs of enzymes and transporters and TSH, FT3, and FT4. The odd ratio and adjusted odd ratio (with sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and exposure parameters) for subclinical thyroid disease by the variant alleles CYP1A1 rs1048943, CYP2B6 rs2279343, CYP2C19 rs4244285, NAT2 rs1799931, and PON1 rs662 in the chemical workers compared with the organic workers were found (P values < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study to assess gene-environment interactions in Thai agricultural workers by investigating disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The investigated SNP profiles revealed several gene-thyroid hormone associations in which even low levels of pesticide exposure could disturb thyroid homeostasis. These findings provide a foundation for planning future studies investigating associations between complex diseases and occupational pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintana Sirivarasai
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwanee Chanprasertyothin
- Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Lakkis NA, Adib SM, Hamadeh GN, El-Jarrah RT, Osman MH. Bladder Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence and Comparison to Regional and Western Countries. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818789359. [PMID: 30027755 PMCID: PMC6055109 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818789359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lebanon has one of the highest estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASR(w))
of bladder cancer (BC) worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze the
incidence rates for BC in Lebanon over a period of 7 years and to compare them
to the rates in other countries. Data were obtained from the Lebanese National
Cancer Registry for the currently available years 2005 to 2011. The calculated
ASR(w) and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100 000 population. From
2005 to 2011, BC has been ranked as the third most common cancer in Lebanon. It
accounted for 9.0% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases excluding nonmelanoma
skin cancer. It ranked second in males and ninth in females. The average ASR(w)
over this period was 31.2 in men and 7.3 in women. These incidence rates are
among the highest worldwide across all age groups in both sexes. This study
shows that the incidence of BC in Lebanon is high and it is among the highest
worldwide. It is important to reduce the risk of BC through tobacco control and
by decreasing exposure to avoidable environmental and occupational risk
factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Lakkis
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salim M Adib
- 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan N Hamadeh
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana T El-Jarrah
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona H Osman
- 1 Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
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Souaid T, Hindy JR, Eid R, Kourie HR, Kattan J. Bladder cancer knowledge in the Lebanese population: When ignorance could be harmful. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:857-861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Dhaini HR, El Hafi B, Khamis AM. NAT1 genotypic and phenotypic contribution to urinary bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 50:208-219. [PMID: 29258340 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1415928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), a polymorphic Phase II enzyme, plays an essential role in metabolizing heterocyclic and aromatic amines, which are implicated in urinary bladder cancer (BCa). This systematic review investigates a possible association between the different NAT1 genetic polymorphisms and BCa risk. Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, and BASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies. The random-effect model was used to calculate pooled effects estimates. Statistical heterogeneity was tested with Chi-square and I2. Twenty case-control studies, including 5606 cases and 6620 controls, met the inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios (OR) analyses showed a statistically significant difference in NAT1*10 versus non-NAT1*10 acetylators in the total sample (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.96) but was borderline among Caucasians (OR: 0.88 with 95% CI: 0.77-1.01). No statistically significant differences in BCa risk were found for: NAT1*10 versus NAT1*4 wild type (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.78-1.19), NAT1 'Fast' versus 'Normal' acetylators (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.84-1.27), and NAT1 'Slow' versus 'Fast' (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 0.93-5.84) or 'Slow' versus 'Normal' acetylators (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 0.92-3.68). When stratifying by smoking status, no statistically significant differences in BCa risk were found for NAT1*10 versus non-NAT1*10 acetylators among the different subgroups. Our study suggests a modest protective role for NAT1*10 and a possible risk contributory role for slow acetylation genotypes in BCa risk. Further research is recommended to confirm these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R Dhaini
- a Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Bassam El Hafi
- b Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Assem M Khamis
- c Faculty of Medicine , Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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Association of N-acetyltransferase 1 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e297-e304. [PMID: 28604993 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual studies of the association between N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1)*10 allele and bladder cancer susceptibility have shown inconclusive results. To derive a more precise estimation of any such relationship, we performed this systemic review and updated meta-analysis based on 17 publications. METHODS A total of 17 studies were investigated with 4,322 bladder cancer cases and 4,944 controls. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity, sex, source of controls and detecting methods. Then trial sequential analysis was performed to evaluate whether the evidence of the results was sufficient and reduce the risk of type I error. RESULTS There was no association between NAT1*10 allele and bladder cancer risk in a random-effects model (OR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.84-1.10) or in a fixed-effects model (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.87-1.03). In addition, no significantly increased risk of bladder cancer was found in any other subgroup analysis. Then, trial sequential analyses demonstrated that the results of our study need to be further verified. CONCLUSIONS Despite its limitations, the results of the present meta-analysis suggested that there was no association between NAT1*10 allele and bladder cancer risk. More importantly, our findings need to be further validated regarding whether being without the NAT1*10 allele could in the future be shown to be a potential marker for the risk of bladder cancer.
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Shahait M, Bulbul M. Bladder Cancer Screening in Lebanese Population: There is Nothing more Unequal than the Equal Treatment of Unequal People. Bladder Cancer 2016; 2:467-468. [PMID: 28035328 PMCID: PMC5181656 DOI: 10.3233/blc-160074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer screening has been perplexing the uro-oncological community for the last decade. In this commentary, we ruminate on the feasibility of bladder cancer screening in our population based on epidemiological proponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shahait
- Urology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muhammad Bulbul
- Urology Division, American University of Beirut Medical Center , Beirut, Lebanon
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PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for N-acetyltransferase 2. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 24:409-25. [PMID: 24892773 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dhaini HR, Kobeissi L. Toxicogenetic profile and cancer risk in Lebanese. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:95-125. [PMID: 24627976 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.878679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DME) were identified among different ethnic groups. Some of these polymorphisms are associated with an increased cancer risk, while others remain equivocal. However, there is sufficient evidence that these associations become significant in populations overexposed to environmental carcinogens. Hence, genetic differences in expression activity of both Phase I and Phase II enzymes may affect cancer risk in exposed populations. In Lebanon, there has been a marked rise in reported cancer incidence since the 1990s. There are also indicators of exposure to unusually high levels of environmental pollutants and carcinogens in the country. This review considers this high cancer incidence by exploring a potential gene-environment model based on available DME polymorphism prevalence, and their impact on bladder, colorectal, prostate, breast, and lung cancer in the Lebanese population. The examined DME include glutathione S-transferases (GST), N-acetyltransferases (NAT), and cytochromes P-450 (CYP). Data suggest that these DME influence bladder cancer risk in the Lebanese population. Evidence indicates that identification of a gene-environment interaction model may help in defining future research priorities and preventive cancer control strategies in this country, particularly for breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan R Dhaini
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Balamand , Beirut , Lebanon
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Basma HA, Kobeissi LH, Jabbour ME, Moussa MA, Dhaini HR. CYP2E1 and NQO1 genotypes and bladder cancer risk in a Lebanese population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2013; 4:207-217. [PMID: 24319536 PMCID: PMC3852640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer incidence in Lebanon ranks among the highest in the world. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), and N-Acetyltransferase1 (NAT1), are drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) involved in the metabolism of carcinogens, such as arylamines and heterocyclic amines, implicated in bladder cancer. The present study attempts to investigate the role of these DMEs genetic polymorphism in bladder cancer risk among Lebanese men. 54 cases and 106 controls were recruited from two hospitals in Beirut. An interview-based questionnaire was administered to assess suspected environmental and occupational risk factors. PCR-RFLP was performed on blood-based DNA samples to determine DMEs genotypes. Associations between bladder cancer and putative risk factors were measured using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results showed CYP2E1 c1/c1, NAT1*14A, and smoking, to be risk factors for bladder cancer. No significant differences in frequency distribution of the NQO1 genotypes were found in cases versus controls. The odds of carrying the CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype were 4 times higher in cases compared to controls (OR=3.97, 95% CI: 0.48-32.7). The odds of carrying at least one NAT1*14A allele were 14 times higher in cases versus controls (OR=14.4, 95% CI: 1.016-204.9). Our study suggests CYP2E1 c1/c1, NAT1*14A, and smoking, as potential risk factors for bladder cancer in Lebanese. Further studies with larger samples must be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Basma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BalamandBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Loulou H Kobeissi
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of ArizonaTucson, USA
| | - Michel E Jabbour
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital University Medical CenterBeirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hassan R Dhaini
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BalamandBeirut, Lebanon
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