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Wisnu Wardhana DP, Maliawan S, Bagus Mahadewa TG, Islam AA, Jawi IM, Wiradewi Lestari AA, Kamasan Nyoman Arijana IG, Rosyidi RM, Wiranata S. Effects of Moleac 901 after severe spinal cord injury on chronic phase in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28522. [PMID: 38601579 PMCID: PMC11004522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MLC901 is a phytopharmaceutical comprising significant compounds that can induce microenvironments conducive to the proliferation and specialization of neural cell progenitors. This study investigates the impact of administering MLC901, reducing the expression of NG2 and caspase-3 and increasing IL-10 levels, as well as histopathological and motor function, after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) in the chronic phase. Methods The study employed a randomized post-test-only control group design conducted between February and April 2023 at the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory. The participants in this study were categorized into three distinct groups: normal control, negative control, and therapy. A cohort of 18 rats was utilized for the study, with each group assigned a random allocation of six rats as subjects. Results The findings demonstrated a statistically significant disparity in the average NG2 expression (-52.00 ± 20.03; p ≤ 0.05), as well as Caspase-3 expression (-94.89 ± 8.57; p ≤ 0.05), which exhibited a lower magnitude. The levels of IL-10 (8.96 ± 3.98; p ≤ 0.05) were observed to be higher, along with an elevation in BBB score (7.67 ± 0.89; p ≤ 0.05), which was more pronounced in the treatment group compared to the negative control group. The cut-off point for cavitation diameter is determined to be 114.915 μm, exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The area under curve (AUC) value is 1.0. The administration of MLC901 demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the increase in IL-10 levels (B 8.968; p ≤ 0.05), as well as a substantial negative correlation with the decrease in Caspase-3 expression (B -52.000; p ≤ 0.05) and NG2 expression (B -94.892; p ≤ 0.05). The administration of MLC901 via the upregulation of NG2 and Caspase-3 significantly increased the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores. Conclusions MLC901 positively affects motor and histopathological outcomes in the chronic phase of severe SCI in the Wistar rat model. These benefits are believed to be achieved by suppressing gliosis, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewa Putu Wisnu Wardhana
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Udayana University Hospital, 80361, Badung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Maliawan
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - I Made Jawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, 80232, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Rohadi Muhammad Rosyidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital, 84371, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Sinta Wiranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, 80232, Denpasar, Indonesia
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2
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Kim MG, Ooi SL, Kim GW, Pak SC, Koo BS. Effectiveness and Safety of Pattern Identification-Based Herbal Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2023; 29:605-620. [PMID: 36971836 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, has only symptomatic treatments in conventional Western medicine (WM). Disease-modifying drugs are still under development. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine (HM) based on pattern identification (PI) as a whole system practice for treating AD. Methods: Thirteen databases were searched from inception to August 31, 2021. Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2069 patients were included in the evidence synthesis. Results: The meta-analysis showed that, compared with WM, HM prescription based on PI, either alone or in combination with WM, could significantly improve the cognitive functions of AD patients (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]-HM vs. WM: mean difference [MD] = 1.96, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 0.28-3.64, N = 981, I2 = 96%; HM+WM vs. WM: MD = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.57-2.09, N = 695, I2 = 68%) and their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL-HM vs. WM: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.04-1.38, N = 639, I2 = 94%; HM+WM vs. WM: SMD = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.27-0.93, N = 669, I2 = 76%). Duration-wise, 12 weeks of HM+WM were superior to 12 weeks of WM and 24 weeks of HM were superior to 24 weeks of WM. None of the included studies found any severe safety concerns. The odds of mild-to-moderate adverse events were marginally lower in HM than in WM (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.11-1.02, N = 689, I2 = 55%). Conclusion: Hence, prescribing PI-based HM is a safe and effective therapeutic option for AD, either as first-line therapy or adjuvant treatment. However, most of the included studies have a high or uncertain risk of bias. Thus, well-designed RCTs with proper blinding and placebo controls are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Gi Kim
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Geun-Woo Kim
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
| | - Byung Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Lo TY, Chan ASL, Cheung ST, Yung LY, Leung MMH, Wong YH. Multi-target regulatory mechanism of Yang Xin Tang - a traditional Chinese medicine against dementia. Chin Med 2023; 18:101. [PMID: 37587513 PMCID: PMC10428601 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yang Xin Tang (YXT) is a traditional Chinese herbal preparation which has been reported to improve cognitive function and memory in patients with dementia. As the underlying mechanism of action of YXT has not been elucidated, we examined the effects of YXT and its major herbal components in regulating gene transcription and molecular targets related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Aqueous and ethanol extracts of YXT and selected herbal components were prepared and validated by standard methods. A series of biochemical and cellular assays were employed to assess the ability of the herbal extracts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reduce β-amyloid aggregation, stimulate the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, suppress cyclooxygenase, and protect neurons against β-amyloid or N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cytotoxicity. The effects of YXT on multiple molecular targets were further corroborated by a panel of nine reporter gene assays. RESULTS Extracts of YXT and two of its constituent herbs, Poria cocos and Poria Sclerotium pararadicis, significantly inhibited β-amyloid aggregation and β-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity. A protective effect of the YXT extract was similarly observed against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cytotoxicity in primary neurons, and this activity was shared by extracts of Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Although the YXT extract was ineffective, extracts of Poria cocos, Poria Sclerotium pararadicis and Radix Polygalae inhibited acetylcholine esterase, with the latter also capable of upregulating choline acetyltransferase. YXT and its components significantly inhibited the activities of the pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenases. Additionally, extracts of YXT and several of its constituent herbs significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and cAMP-responsive element binding protein, two molecular targets involved in learning and memory, as well as in the regulation of neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Several constituents of YXT possess multiple regulatory effects on known therapeutic targets of AD that range from β-amyloid to acetylcholinesterase. The demonstrated neuroprotective and neurogenic actions of YXT lend credence to its use as an alternative medicine for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Yan Lo
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Siu Lung Chan
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Ting Cheung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lisa Ying Yung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manton Man Hon Leung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Center for Aging Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Units 1501-1502, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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5
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Arora A, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Abdellatif AAH, Dailah HG, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Elucidating the promising role of traditional Chinese medicine in neuroprotection against oxidative stress encompassing Alzheimer's disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39546-39557. [PMID: 36790717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are being used from time immemorial for their therapeutic benefits and have immense value in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. One of the most important neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is a major contributor to dementia and is accompanied by abundant oxidative stress in the brain tissue. A critical pathway to target the increased oxidative stress is to administer agents with antioxidant potential. Despite currently available clinical treatments to treat AD such as cholinesterase inhibitors or NMDA antagonists which address only the symptoms and cannot hamper disease progression, no efficient available clinical treatment can break the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration till date. The main objective of presenting this review is that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) acts as a promising candidate in breaking this vicious cycle and improves the quality of life of the debilitating patients. The active constituents of various herbs in TCM including Angelica sinensis, Radix polygalae, Polygala tenuifolia, and members of the Lamiaceae family have acquired experience of managing oxidative stress as indicated in the review for more than a thousand years now, and the preclinical and clinical evidence of their therapeutic potential has been highlighted in the review. Most importantly, Chinese herbs provide a multiple-target approach rather than a single-target approach and thus can target multiple pathways involved in AD at once. The Chinese herbs can definitely untangle the issues in the current therapy regimen of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.,Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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6
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Wang X. Neuroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Senegenin, an Effective Compound Originated From the Roots of Polygala Tenuifolia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937333. [PMID: 35924058 PMCID: PMC9341472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senegenin is the main bioactive ingredient isolated from the dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. In recent years, senegenin has been proved to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, enhancement of cognitive function. Besides, it has a good development prospect for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, depression, osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and other diseases. However, there is no systematic literature that fully demonstrates the pharmacological effects of senegenin. In order to meet the needs of new drug research and precise medication, this review summarized the neuroprotective effects, mechanisms and gastrointestinal toxicity of senegenin based on the literatures published from the past 2 decades. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the current research as well as the future research directions have been conducted in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of this important plant extract.
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7
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Zhang Q, Yang T, Li D, Ma M, Liang X, Ma Z, Ye Q, Yang H, Li M, Qu A, Chen Y. The synergistic effect of
Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels
and
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC
. on antioxidant activity and protective ability against cell injury. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14196. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Zhang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Zixing Ma
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Qianglong Ye
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Hantao Yang
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Minghui Li
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Ailan Qu
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
- Singwong Asia Pacific and Jinan University Joint R & D Center Guangzhou China
| | - Yao Chen
- Chemistry and Materials School Jinan University Guangzhou China
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8
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Lorca C, Mulet M, Arévalo-Caro C, Sanchez MÁ, Perez A, Perrino M, Bach-Faig A, Aguilar-Martínez A, Vilella E, Gallart-Palau X, Serra A. Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5521-5545. [PMID: 34978226 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substances with modulatory capabilities on certain aspects of human cognition have been revered as nootropics from the dawn of time. The plant kingdom provides most of the currently available nootropics of natural origin. Here, in this systematic review, we aim to provide state-of-the-art information regarding proven and unproven effects of plant-derived nootropics (PDNs) on human cognition in conditions of health and disease. Six independent searches, one for each neurocognitive domain (NCD), were performed in parallel using three independent scientific library databases: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus. Only scientific studies and systematic reviews with humans published between January 2000 and November 2021 were reviewed, and 256 papers were included. Ginkgo biloba was the most relevant nootropic regarding perceptual and motor functions. Bacopa monnieri improves language, learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) modulates anxiety and social-related cognitions. Caffeine enhances attention and executive functions. Together, the results from the compiled studies highlight the nootropic effects and the inconsistencies regarding PDNs that require further research.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorca
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Catalina Arévalo-Caro
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanchez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Perez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Perrino
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Lee MH, Lim C, Lim S, Cho S, Kim KM. Effects of Daehwang-Hwanglyoun-Sasim-Tang on brain injury and cognitive function in mice caused by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1942-1952. [PMID: 36438916 PMCID: PMC9682513 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.77879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among geriatric diseases, cerebrovascular disease ranks fourth according to the Causes of Death Statistics in 2019, Korea, and is the most common cause of acquired disorders in adults. Daehwang-Hwanglyoun-Sasim-Tang (DHST), a herbal prescription consisting of two herbal medicines, Rhei Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. This study was conducted to confirm the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DHST treatment in ischemic brain injury and to confirm the role of DHST in cognitive function improvement. C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (sham operation, bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) control, experimental group administered 5 mL/kg DHST, experimental group administered 50 mL/kg DHST), with each group containing five mice. After 1 week, DHST was orally administered for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, and then behavioral evaluation of learning and memory was performed. In addition, morphological changes in the neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were observed. Inflammation-related factors were evaluated using western blot analysis. In the 50 mL/kg DHST (H-DHST) group, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was reduced and neuronal damage was suppressed in the hippocampal CA1 region. However, cognitive improvement was observed in the H-DHST group that was attributable to anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. In the 5 mL/kg DHST group, no significant effect was observed compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Hwa Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Lim
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,School of Public Health, Far East University, Eumseong, 27601, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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10
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Han G, Choi J, Cha SY, Kim BI, Kho HK, Jang MJ, Kim MA, Maeng S, Hong H. Effects of Radix Polygalae on Cognitive Decline and Depression in Estradiol Depletion Mouse Model of Menopause. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1669-1684. [PMID: 34698102 PMCID: PMC8929121 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal syndrome refers to symptoms caused by the gradual decrease in female hormones after mid-40 years. As a target organ of estrogen, decrease in estrogen causes various changes in brain function such as a decrease in choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor; thus, postmenopausal women experience cognitive decline and more depressive symptoms than age-matched men. Radix Polygalae has been used for memory boosting and as a mood stabilizer and its components have shown neuroprotective, antidepressant, and stress relief properties. In a mouse model of estrogen depletion induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, Radix Polygalae was orally administered for 3 weeks. In these animals, cognitive and depression-related behaviors and molecular changes related to these behaviors were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Radix Polygalae improved working memory and contextual memory and despair-related behaviors in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-treated mice without increasing serum estradiol levels in this model. In relation to these behaviors, choline acetyltransferase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and bcl-2-associated athanogene expression increased in the hippocampus. These results implicate the possible benefit of Radix Polygalae in use as a supplement of estrogen to prevent conditions such as postmenopausal depression and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeul Han
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Junhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Seung-Yun Cha
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Hee Kyung Kho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Maeng-Jin Jang
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea; (G.H.); (J.C.); (S.-Y.C.); (B.I.K.); (H.K.K.); (M.-J.J.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.); +82-2-2049-6274 (H.H.)
| | - Heeok Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (S.M.); +82-2-2049-6274 (H.H.)
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11
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Chuang Y, Van I, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Icariin ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by influencing SIRT1 and inhibiting Aβ cascade pathogenesis. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102014. [PMID: 34407393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Of all types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is the type that has the highest proportion of cases and is the cause of substantial medical and economic burden. The mechanism of Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β protein and causes neurotoxicity and extracellular accumulation in the brain and to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that sirtuin1 downregulation is involved in the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. The decrease of sirtuin1 level would cause Alzheimer's disease by means of promoting the amyloidogenic pathway to generate amyloid-β species and thereby triggering amyloid-β cascade reaction, such as tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuron autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuron apoptosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to develop new treatment strategies. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and based on the mechanism of the disease, tonifying the kidneys is one of the principles for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Epimedium is a well-known Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney. Therefore, investigating the influence of the components of Epimedium on the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease may provide a reference for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the future. In this article, we summarise the effects and mechanism of icariin, the main ingredient extracted from Epimedium, in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease by regulating sirtuin1 to inhibit amyloid-β protein and improve other amyloid-β cascade pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Chuang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Iatkio Van
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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12
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Li S, Wu Z, Le W. Traditional Chinese medicine for dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1066-1071. [PMID: 33682261 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In Western medicine, dementia refers to a spectrum of diseases affecting cognition, mental health, and physical abilities. Ancient medical literatures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also recorded dementia-like symptoms, but described the disease from a totally distinct theoretical point of view. The earliest records of memory loss in ancient China can be traced back 2000 years earlier. In TCM, dementia can be attributed mainly to the Brain dystrophy, Spleen-Kidney weakness, Blood stasis, and Phlegm stagnation. Of interest, ancient Chinese physicians have proposed that dementia manifests as not only cognitive but also noncognitive symptoms including psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbance, which have been investigated widely nowadays in Western medicine. Various TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and acupunctures have also been proposed for dementia prevention and therapy. Some of these strategies are still used in current clinical practice. Reviewing and highlighting the unique TCM recognition of treating dementia may shed light on future dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
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13
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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14
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Zhang FS, Zhang X, Wang QY, Pu YJ, Du CH, Qin XM, Tian HL, Lian YL, Li MS, Chen Y, Ma CG. Cloning, Yeast Expression, and Characterization of a β-Amyrin C-28 Oxidase (CYP716A249) Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Polygala tenuifolia. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1839-1846. [PMID: 33268701 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia Willd. is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used in treating nervous system disorders. Triterpene saponins in P. tenuifolia (polygala saponins) have excellent biological activity. As a precursor for the synthesis of presenegin, oleanolic acid (OA) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of polygala saponins. However, the mechanism behind the biosynthesis of polygala saponins remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CYP716A249 (GenBank: ASB17946) oxidized the C-28 position of β-amyrin to produce OA. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we observed that CYP716A249 had the highest expression in the roots of 2-year-old P. tenuifolia, which provided a basis for the selection of samples for gene cloning. To identify the function of CYP716A249, the strain R-BE-20 was constructed by expressing β-amyrin synthase in yeast. Then, CYP716A249 was co-expressed with β-amyrin synthase to construct the strain R-BPE-20 by using the lithium acetate method. Finally, we detected β-amyrin and OA by ultra-HPLC-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry and GC-MS. The results of this study provide insights into the biosynthesis pathway of polygala saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University
| | - Qian-Yu Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University
| | - Ya-Jie Pu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University
| | | | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University
| | - Hong-Ling Tian
- Research Institute of Economics Crop Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science
| | | | | | - Yu Chen
- Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control
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15
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Bushen-Tiansui Formula Improves Cognitive Functions in an A β 1-42 Fibril-Infused Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8874885. [PMID: 33029123 PMCID: PMC7532368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bushen-Tiansui Formula (BTF) was empirically updated from a classical prescription named Kong-Sheng-Zhen-Zhong pill. It is based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of the mutual relationship between the brain and the kidney and is intended to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This formulation has been used for several years to treat patients with Alzheimer's disease- (AD-) like symptoms in our clinical department. However, the medicinal ingredients and the mechanisms by which BTF improves cognition and memory functions have not been characterized. In this study, we used UPLC-MS to generate a chromatographic fingerprinting of BTF and identified five possible active ingredients, including stilbene glycoside; epimedin A1, B, and C; and icariin. We also showed that oral administration of BTF reversed the cognitive defects in an Aβ1–42 fibril-infused rat model of AD, protected synaptic ultrastructure in the CA1 region, and restored the expression of BDNF, synaptotagmin (Syt), and PSD95. These effects likely occurred through the BDNF-activated receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/Akt/CREB signaling pathway. Furthermore, BTF exhibited no short-term or chronic toxicity in rats. Together, these results provided a scientific support for the clinical use of BTF to improve learning and memory in patients with AD.
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16
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Wang X, Zhang D, Song W, Cai CF, Zhou Z, Fu Q, Yan X, Cao Y, Fang M. Neuroprotective effects of the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd extract on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:37. [PMID: 32874571 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. Aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia Willd (APT) is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of amnesia. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of APT on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Scopolamine-induced mice were used to determine the effects of APT on learning and memory impairment. Mice were orally administered with APT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and piracetam (750 mg/kg) for 14 days, and intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine (2 mg/kg) from days 8 to 14. Morris water maze and step-down tests were performed to evaluate learning and memory. Levels of acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured by ELISA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured via biochemical detection. The results demonstrated that APT ameliorated learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced mice. Correspondingly, APT significantly increased ACh and ChAT levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of scopolamine-induced mice. Additionally, treatment with APT significantly increased BDNF and IL-10 levels, and decreased IL-1β and AChE levels in the same mice. Furthermore, APT significantly increased SOD activity and GSH content, and decreased MDA levels in brain tissue. These results indicated that APT may ameliorate learning and memory impairment by regulating cholinergic activity, promoting BDNF and inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Weihao Song
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
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Zeng Q, Li L, Jin Y, Chen Z, Duan L, Cao M, Ma M, Wu Z. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Underlying Mechanisms of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. On the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:8706589. [PMID: 31827565 PMCID: PMC6885190 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8706589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential active compounds and underlying mechanisms of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PLP) on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on network pharmacology. METHODS The active components of PLP were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and their possible target proteins were predicted using TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction, and STITCH databases. The putative AD-related target proteins were identified from Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), GeneCards, and MalaCards database. The compound-target-disease network interactions were established to obtain the key targets about PLP acting on AD by network topology analysis. Then, the function annotation and signaling pathways of key targets were performed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using DAVID tools. Finally, the binding capacity between active ingredients and key targets was validated by molecular docking using SystemsDock tools. RESULTS There were 7 active compounds involving in 151 predicted targets identified in PLP. Besides, a total of 160 AD-related targets were identified. Among these targets, 30 shared targets of PLP and AD were acquired. After topological analysis of the PLP potential target-AD target network, 33 key targets that were highly responsible for the therapeutic effects of PLP on AD were obtained. Further GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these key targets were significantly involved in multiple biological processes and pathways which participated in cell apoptosis and inflammatory response and maintained the function of neurons to accomplish the anti-AD activity. The molecular docking analysis verified that the 7 active compounds had definite affinity with the key targets. CONCLUSIONS The ameliorative effects of PLP on AD were predicted to be associated with regulating neural cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and neurotrophy via various pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and neurotrophin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Zongzheng Chen
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Lihong Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Ma
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen 518020, China
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18
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Li S, Cao G, Deng Q, Zhu D, Yan F. Effect of Pushen capsule for treating vascular mild cognitive impairment: a pilot observational study. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5483-5496. [PMID: 31407622 PMCID: PMC6862923 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519859766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may be beneficial for vascular dementia (VaD). We evaluated the efficacy of Pushen capsule, a compound containing several TCM components, for treating vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI). Methods Seventy outpatients with VaMCI were randomized to Pushen capsule or control treatment with Ginkgo biloba. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Subjective Memory Loss Rating Scale scores; and lipid, lipoprotein, and haemorheological parameters were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 of treatment. Results MMSE score at week 12 was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with baseline (t = −2.352) but was not significantly different from week 12 in the control group. The MoCA score at week 12 was higher than that at baseline for both the treatment and control groups (t = −2.619 and −2.582, respectively), as was the “delayed recall” item score. Subjective memory loss score and the cognitive function “forgetting acquaintance's name” were significantly higher in the treatment group at week 12 than at baseline (t = −2.621 and χ2 = 4.419, respectively). Lipid, lipoprotein, and haemorheological parameters were significantly different after treatment in both groups. Conclusion The benefits of Pushen capsule on cognitive function in VaMCI were comparable with that of Ginkgo biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Geyin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuling Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Chen IC, Chang CN, Chen WL, Lin TH, Chao CY, Lin CH, Lin HY, Cheng ML, Chiang MC, Lin JY, Wu YR, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. Targeting Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway with Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:63-95. [PMID: 30612452 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nine autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats that encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within different genes. Accumulation of aggregated mutant proteins is a common feature of polyQ diseases, leading to progressive neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. SCA type 3 (SCA3), the most common form of SCA worldwide, is characterized by a CAG triplet expansion in chromosome 14q32.1 ATXN3 gene. As accumulation of the mutated polyQ protein is a possible initial event in the pathogenic cascade, clearance of aggregated protein by ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been proposed to inhibit downstream detrimental events and suppress neuronal cell death. In this study, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) extracts were studied for their proteasome-activating, polyQ aggregation-inhibitory and neuroprotective effects in GFPu and ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. Among the 14 tested extracts, 8 displayed increased proteasome activity, which was confirmed by 20S proteasome activity assay and analysis of ubiquitinated and fused GFP proteins in GFPu cells. All the eight extracts displayed good aggregation-inhibitory potential when tested in ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293 cells. Among them, neuroprotective effects of five selected extracts were shown by analyses of polyQ aggregation, neurite outgrowth, caspase 3 and proteasome activities, and ATXN3-GFP, ubiquitin, BCL2 and BAX protein levels in neuronal differentiated ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, enhanced proteasome function, anti-oxidative activity and neuroprotection of catalpol, puerarin and daidzein (active constituents of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pueraria lobata) were demonstrated in GFPu and/or ATXN3/Q 75 -GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. This study may have therapeutic implication in polyQ-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- ‡ Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, TaoYuan 33302, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- † Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- * Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Ramalingam M, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee YI. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:348. [PMID: 30443212 PMCID: PMC6221911 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Chiu YJ, Lee CM, Lin TH, Lin HY, Lee SY, Mesri M, Chang KH, Lin JY, Lee-Chen GJ, Chen CM. Chinese Herbal Medicine Glycyrrhiza inflataReduces Aβ Aggregation and Exerts Neuroprotection through Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1-25. [PMID: 30284464 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid [Formula: see text] (A[Formula: see text]) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The accumulation of misfolded A[Formula: see text] causes oxidative and inflammatory damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in clinical practice to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This study examined the neuroprotection effects of CHM extract Glycyrrhiza inflata (G. inflata) and its active constituents, licochalcone A and liquiritigenin in AD. We examined A[Formula: see text] aggregation inhibition, anti-oxidation and neuroprotection in Tet-On A[Formula: see text]-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells and anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and LPS and interferon (IFN)-[Formula: see text] (LPS/IFN-[Formula: see text])-activated BV-2 cells. In addition, we applied conditioned media (CM) of BV-2 cells primed with LPS/IFN-[Formula: see text] to A[Formula: see text]-GFP SH-SY5Y cells to uncover the neuroprotective mechanisms. Our results showed that G. inflata extract and its two constituents displayed potentials of A[Formula: see text] aggregation inhibition and radical-scavenging in biochemical assays, A[Formula: see text] misfolding inhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction in A[Formula: see text]-GFP 293 cells, as well as neurite outgrowth promotion, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and SOD2 up-regulation in A[Formula: see text]-GFP SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, both G. inflata extract and its constituents suppressed NO, TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], PGE2 and/or Iba1 productions in inflammation-stimulated RAW 264.7 or BV-2 cells. G. inflata extract and its constituents further protected A[Formula: see text]-GFP SH-SY5Y cells from BV-2 CM-induced cell death by ameliorating reduced BCL2 and attenuating increased IGFBP2, cleaved CASP3, BAD and BAX. Collectively, G. inflata extract, licochalcone A and liquiritigenin display neuroprotection through exerting anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities to suppress neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jen Chiu
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mei Lee
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Lin
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ying Lee
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Mina Mesri
- † Aintree University of Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- ‡ Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- * Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- ‡ Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Zhao F, Chang Y, Gao L, Qin X, Du G, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Protective effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract on D-galactose induced aging rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1401-1412. [PMID: 29855978 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG), a traditional Chinese herb, has attracted considerable attention for its wide range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the intervention effects of SBG ethanol extract on aging rats induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and to explore potential mechanisms by serum and liver metabolic profiles. The aging rats were induced by the D-gal (100 mg/kg) for 10 weeks continuously with subcutaneous injection, while the control rats received physiological saline. Two other groups of rats were administered with 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of SBG by oral route following D-gal injections. The abilities of spatial and learning memory were evaluated by open-field test and Morris water maze test. Then, some biochemical indexes related to cognitive ability and aging were measured. Histopathological feature in hippocampal region was observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The changes of metabolic profiles were evaluated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. Results showed that SBG could significantly improve the learning and memory functions, reducing oxidative damage and histological abnormalities of hippocampus neurons. In addition, significant differences in the metabolic profiles were observed both in serum and liver between the model group and the control group. After the treatment using SBG, the levels of these metabolites are significantly changed back to their similar levels in the control group. These metabolic changes are related to the disturbance in amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism and choline metabolism. Hence, SBG may have the potential to improve neurodegeneration and provide brain protection. Graphical abstract A 1H NMR-based metabonomic study was conducted to provide a global view of metabolites related to D-gal induced aging rats and assess the holistic efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanfen Chang
- Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shanxi Provincial Children Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No.92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, China.
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Li JC, Shen XF, Shao JA, Tao MM, Gu J, Li J, Huang N. The total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch improve cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2695-2706. [PMID: 30214157 PMCID: PMC6124445 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s171025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Coptis chinensis Franch is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes and dementia. Alkaloids are the main active ingredients of C. chinensis. Purpose This study was designed to probe the effects and possible mechanisms of the total alkaloids from C. chinensis (TAC) on cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Cognitive deficits were induced in rats by streptozotocin and high glucose/high fat diet. After treatment with TAC (80, 120, and 180 mg/kg) for 24 weeks, the behavioral parameters of each rat were assessed by Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, pathological changes of brain tissue, and the phosphorylation levels of insulin signaling related proteins were also evaluated. Results The type 2 diabetic rats showed significantly elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum protein, as well as apolipoprotein B, free fatty acid, triglyceride and total cholesterol but decreased the content of apolipoprotein A1, and TAC treatment dose-dependently reversed these abnormal changes. Furthermore, the behavioral results showed that TAC alleviated the cognitive deficits in type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, immunohistochemical and histopathologic examinations indicated that the diabetic rats showed significant Aβ deposition, and neuronal damage and loss, which can be reversed by TAC treatment. The western blot results showed that TAC treatment markedly increased the phosphorylation of IRS, PI3K, and Akt, and inhibited the overactivation of GSK3β in the brain of type 2 diabetic rats. Conclusion These findings conclude that TAC prevents diabetic cognitive deficits, most likely by ameliorating the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating Aβ deposition, and enhancing insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chuan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ; .,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Ao Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Min Tao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ;
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ;
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Tumiran MA, Abdul Rahman NN, Mohd Saat R, Ismail AZ, Ruzali WAW, Bashar NKN, Hasan Adli DS. Senile Dementia from Neuroscientific and Islamic Perspectives. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:1-11. [PMID: 26160145 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diseases involving the nervous system drastically change lives of victims and commonly increase dependency on others. This paper focuses on senile dementia from both the neuroscientific and Islamic perspectives, with special emphasis on the integration of ideas between the two different disciplines. This would enable effective implementation of strategies to address issues involving this disease across different cultures, especially among the world-wide Muslim communities. In addition, certain incongruence ideas on similar issues can be understood better. The former perspective is molded according to conventional modern science, while the latter on the analysis of various texts including the holy Qur'an, sunnah [sayings and actions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad (pbuh)] and writings of Islamic scholars. Emphasis is particularly given on causes, symptoms, treatments and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Amzari Tumiran
- Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Fiqh and Usul, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaida Mohd Saat
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhdi Ismail
- Department of Aqidah and Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Adriyani Wan Ruzali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Kabir Nurul Bashar
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Kiyama R. Estrogenic Potentials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1365-1399. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen, a steroid hormone, is associated with several human activities, including environmental, industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical fields. In this review paper, estrogenic activity associated with traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is discussed first by focusing on the assays needed to detect estrogenic activity (animal test, cell assay, ligand-binding assay, protein assay, reporter-gene assay, transcription assay and yeast two-hybrid assay), and then, their sources, the nature of activities (estrogenic or anti-estrogenic, or other types), and pathways/functions, along with the assay used to detect the activity, which is followed by a summary of effective chemicals found in or associated with TCM. Applications of estrogens in TCM are then discussed by a comprehensive search of the literature, which include basic study/pathway analysis, cell functions, diseases/symptoms and medicine/supplements. Discrepancies and conflicting cases about estrogenicity of TCM among assays or between TCM and their effective chemicals, are focused on to enlarge estrogenic potentials of TCM by referring to omic knowledge such as transcriptome, proteome, glycome, chemome, cellome, ligandome, interactome and effectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Xu P, Xu SP, Wang KZ, Lu C, Zhang HX, Pan RL, Qi C, Yang YY, Li YH, Liu XM. Cognitive-enhancing effects of hydrolysate of polygalasaponin in SAMP8 mice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:503-14. [PMID: 27381727 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of hydrolysate of polygalasaponin (HPS) on senescence accelerate mouse P8 (SAMP8) mice, an effective Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, and to research the relevant mechanisms. METHODS The cognitive-enhancing effects of HPS on SAMP8 mice were assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) and step-through passive avoidance tests. Then N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit expression for both the cortex and hippocampus of mice was observed using Western blotting. RESULTS HPS (25 and 50 mg/kg) improved the escape rate and decreased the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant for the SAMP8 mice in the MWM after oral administration of HPS for 10 d. Moreover, it decreased error times in the passive avoidance tests. Western blotting showed that HPS was able to reverse the levels of NMDAR1 and NMDAR2B expression in the cortex or hippocampus of model mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that HPS can improve cognitive deficits in SAMP8 mice, and this mechanism might be associated with NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shu-Ping Xu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ke-Zhu Wang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Rui-le Pan
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Science and Technology on Human Factors Engineering Laboratory, Astronaut Centre of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- Science and Technology on Human Factors Engineering Laboratory, Astronaut Centre of China, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.,Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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27
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Xia Z, Wang F, Zhou S, Zhang R, Wang F, Huang JH, Wu E, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Catalpol protects synaptic proteins from beta-amyloid induced neuron injury and improves cognitive functions in aged rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69303-69315. [PMID: 29050205 PMCID: PMC5642480 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss is one of the common factors contributing to cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is manifested by the impairment of basic cognitive functions including memory processing, perception, problem solving, and language. The current therapies for patients with cognitive disorders are mainly palliative; thus, regimens preventing and/or delaying dementia progression are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the effects of catalpol, isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa, on synaptic plasticity in aged rat models. We found that catalpol markedly improved the cognitive function of aged male Sprague-Dawley rats and simultaneously increased the expression of synaptic proteins (dynamin 1, PSD-95, and synaptophysin) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respectively. In beta-amyloid (Aβ) injured primary rat’s cortical neuron, catalpol did not increase the viability of neuron but extended the length of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) positive neurites and reversed the suppressive effects on expression of synaptic proteins induced by Aβ. Additionally, the effects of catalpol on stimulating the growth of MAP-2 positive neurites and the expression of synaptic proteins were diminished by a PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I, suggesting that PKC may be implicated in catalpol’s function of preventing the neurodegeneration induced by Aβ. Altogether, our study indicates that catalpol could be a potential disease-modifying drug for cognitive disorders such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xia
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.,Current address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76508, USA.,Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 78508, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76508, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76508, USA.,Department of Psychology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76508, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas 76508, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, Temple, Texas 76504, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University College of Pharmacy, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaer Hu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Chen KH, Yeh MH, Livneh H, Chen BC, Lin IH, Lu MC, Tsai TY, Yeh CC. Association of traditional Chinese medicine therapy and the risk of dementia in patients with hypertension: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:178. [PMID: 28356117 PMCID: PMC5372260 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with hypertension (HTN) reportedly have a higher risk of developing dementia. However, it remains unclear if use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the most common form of complementary and alternative medicine, can help lower the risk of dementia for these patients. So the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of TCM on dementia risk among patients with hypertension. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to identify 143,382 newly diagnosed hypertension patients aged 20-90 years who received treatment between 1998 and 2007. Among them, 52,365 (36.52%) had received TCM after the onset of hypertension (TCM users), and the remaining 91,017 patients (63.48%) were designated as a control group (non-TCM users). All enrollees were followed until the end of 2012 to record the incidence of dementia. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia in patients who received TCM. RESULTS During the 15-year follow-up, 3933 TCM users and 10,316 non-TCM users developed dementia, representing an incidence rate of 8.41 and 11.55%, respectively, per 1000 person-years. TCM users had a significantly reduced risk of dementia compared to non-TCM users (adjusted HR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74-0.81). The predominant effect was observed among those treated with TCM longer than 180 days (adjusted HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.62-0.69). Among the commonly used TCM products, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin, Dan-Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Chuan-Niu-Xi (Radix Cyathulae), Ge-Gen (Radix Puerariae), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, and Jue-Ming-Zi (Semen Cassiae) were significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia. CONCLUSIONS Results from this population-based study support the effects of TCM on reducing dementia risk, which may provide a reference for dementia prevention strategies.
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Yu M, Xu X, Jiang N, Wei W, Li F, He L, Luo X. Dehydropachymic acid decreases bafilomycin A1 induced β-Amyloid accumulation in PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:167-173. [PMID: 28077330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuling, the sclerotium of Poria cocos, was frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for Alzheimer's disease (AD) intervention over the past 10 centuries. And its extracts exhibited significant effects in both cellular and animal models of AD in previous studies. However, its mechanisms on prevention and treatment of AD have not been well elucidated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect and corresponding mechanisms of dehydropachymic acid, which is one of the major triterpenes in P. cocos, on the clearance of β-amyloid accumulation in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay was used to examine the DPA effect on the viability of PC12 cells stable transfected with pCB6-APP (PC12-APP). PC12-APP cells were treated with DPA at the concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25μg/mL for 4h, and then co-treated with 50nmol/L bafilomycin A1 for 48h except the controls. The Aβ1-42 content in culture medium was determined by ELISA. The intracellular amount of APP, Aβ1-42, LC3, cathepsin D was measured by Western blotting and normalized to GAPDH loading control. The PC12 cells stable transfected with pSelect-LC3-GFP (PC12-LC3-GFP) was used in the fluorescence microscopy estimation of autophagosomes accumulation. The internal pH in lysosome was detected by LysoTracker Red staining. RESULTS DPA had no significant effect on the cell viability but could significantly decrease Aβ1-42 content in culture medium and eliminate the intracellular accumulation of APP and Aβ1-42 in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells. Furthermore, DPA lowered the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and reduced the GFP-labeled LC3 puncta which were elevated by bafilomycin A1. And the increase in internal pH of lysosome and decrease in mCatD amount in Bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells were restored by DPA treatment. These results indicated that DPA could restore the lysosomal acidification and recover the autophgic flux which is impaired by bafilomycin A1. CONCLUSIONS DPA could effectively clear the accumulation of Aβ1-42 in bafilomycin A1 impaired PC12 cells through restoring the lysosomal acidification and recovering the autophgic flux. And these results highlight its therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liming He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:29-56. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cai Q, Li Y, Mao J, Pei G. Neurogenesis-Promoting Natural Product α-Asarone Modulates Morphological Dynamics of Activated Microglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:280. [PMID: 28018174 PMCID: PMC5145874 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Asarone is an active constituent of Acori Tatarinowii, one of the widely used traditional Chinese Medicine to treat cognitive defect, and recently is shown to promote neurogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that low level (3 μM) of α-asarone attenuated LPS-induced BV2 cell bipolar elongated morphological change, with no significant effect on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions. In addition, time-lapse analysis also revealed that α-asarone modulated LPS-induced BV2 morphological dynamics. Consistently a significant reduction in the LPS-induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels was also detected along with the morphological change. Mechanistic study showed that the attenuation effect to the LPS-resulted morphological modulation was also detected in the presence of MCP-1 antibodies or a CCR2 antagonist. This result has also been confirmed in primary cultured microglia. The in vivo investigation provided further evidence that α-asarone reduced the proportion of activated microglia, and reduced microglial tip number and maintained the velocity. Our study thus reveals α-asarone effectively modulates microglial morphological dynamics, and implies this effect of α-asarone may functionally relate to its influence on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
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Fougère B, Li J. How to Implement Traditional Chinese Medicine in Alzheimer Disease Prevention in Occidental Countries? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:1154-1156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:9627258. [PMID: 28042305 PMCID: PMC5141557 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9627258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease is likely to increase with the global aging population. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a wide spectrum term used to include a diverse heterogeneous group of cognitive syndromes with vascular factors regardless of the cause of pathogenesis. VCID ranges from mild cognitive impairment to full-blown dementia with vascular dementia (VaD) as the most severe stage. It is further complexed by the coexistence of other forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent researches in the functions of the neurovascular unit (NVU) suggest that dysfunction of the NVU might be the cause of primary vascular events in the brain that leads to further neurodegeneration. In this review, we have briefly summarized various forms of VCID. There is currently no standard therapy for VCID or dementia. Given the fact that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gained popularity worldwide, we also reviewed recent scientific and clinical findings on various antidementia TCM for the treatment of VCID, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Huperzia serrata, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and also TCM formula Sailuotong capsule (SLT) and Fufangdanshen tablets (FFDS).
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Kim HJ, Yoon HM, Kwon O, Lee WJ. The Effect of Pueraria Lobata/Rehmannia Glutinosa and Exercise on Fatty Acid Transporters Expression in Ovariectomized Rats Skeletal Muscles. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:32-38. [PMID: 27757385 PMCID: PMC5067417 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pueraria lobata/rehmannia glutinosa (PR) and exercise have been receiving a lot of attention from postmenopausal women, as a result of the side effects of estrogen replacement therapy. However, the effects of PR and exercise on fatty acid transporters (FATPs), which play essential role in fatty acid transport, have not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PR and aerobic exercise on FATP1, FABPpm and FAT/CD36 expression in ovariectomized rat skeletal muscles. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)HSV; high fat diet (HFD)+sedentary+vehicle, (2)HSP; HFD+sedentary+PR, (3)HSH; HFD+sedentary+17β-estradiol, (4)HEV; HFD+exercise+vehicle, (5) HEP; HFD+exercise+PR, (6)HEH; HFD+exercise+17β-estradiol. Exercise consisted of treadmill exercise (1-4th week: 15 m/min for 30 min, 5-8th week: 18 m/min for 40 min, 5 times/week). RESULTS Exercise does not alter FATP1 and FAT/CD36 gene levels in soleus and plantaris muscles. In contrast, exercise had main effect on up-regulation of FABPpm mRNA expression in both muscles. However, FABPpm level was not increased by exercise combined with treatments, indicative of no additive effects of PR or hormone on FABPpm gene expression. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry result showed that translocation of FATPs proteins to plasma membrane were higher in PR, exercise groups, and exercise combined with PR groups in both muscles. CONCLUSION These result showed that aerobic exercise and PR may help increase fat-oxidation through the induction of FABPpm, a muscle specific transporter, in OVX rat skeletal muscles. In addition, FABPpm expression is possibly regulated post-transcriptionally in exercise, or pre-translationally in PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans
University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hae Min Yoon
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans
University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Sports Studies, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans
University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Translation of Korean Medicine Use to ICD-Codes Using National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8160838. [PMID: 27069494 PMCID: PMC4812360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8160838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. Korean medicine was incorporated into the Korean Classification of Diseases (KCD) 6 through the development of U codes (U20–U99). Studies of the burden of disease have used summary measures such as disability-adjusted life years. Although Korean medicine is included in the official health care system, studies of the burden of disease that include Korean medicine are lacking. Methods. A data-based approach was used with National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data for the year 2012. U code diagnoses for patients covered by National Health Insurance were collected. Using the main disease and subdisease codes, the proportion of U codes was redistributed into the related KCD 6 codes and visualized. U code and KCD code relevance was appraised prior to the analysis by consultation with medical professionals and from the beta draft version of the International Classification of Diseases-11 traditional medicine chapter. Results. This approach enabled redistribution of U codes into KCD 6 codes. Musculoskeletal diseases had the greatest increase in the burden of disease through this approach. Conclusion. This study provides a possible method of incorporating Korean medicine into burden of disease analyses through a data-based approach. Further studies should analyze potential yearly differences.
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Li X, Cui J, Yu Y, Li W, Hou Y, Wang X, Qin D, Zhao C, Yao X, Zhao J, Pei G. Traditional Chinese Nootropic Medicine Radix Polygalae and Its Active Constituent Onjisaponin B Reduce β-Amyloid Production and Improve Cognitive Impairments. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151147. [PMID: 26954017 PMCID: PMC4782990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline of cognitive function is the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), regardless of the pathological mechanism. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used to combat cognitive impairments and has been shown to improve learning and memory. Radix Polygalae (RAPO) is a typical and widely used herbal medicine. In this study, we aimed to follow the β-amyloid (Aβ) reduction activity to identify active constituent(s) of RAPO. We found that Onjisaponin B of RAPO functioned as RAPO to suppress Aβ production without direct inhibition of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase activities. Our mechanistic study showed that Onjisaponin B promoted the degradation of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Further, oral administration of Onjisaponin B ameliorated Aβ pathology and behavioral defects in APP/PS1 mice. Taken together, our results indicate that Onjisaponin B is effective against AD, providing a new therapeutic agent for further drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Qin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
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Guo C, Shen J, Meng Z, Yang X, Li F. Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:149-155. [PMID: 26926176 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygala tenuifolia Willd is a Traditional Chinese Medicine used for the treatment of learning and memory deficits. Triterpenoid saponins, the main bioactive compounds of Polygala tenuifolia Willd, are easily hydrolyzed to polygalacic acid (PA). PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PA on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS PA (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for fourteen days, and scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for fourteen days to induce memory impairment. Memory-related behaviors were evaluated using the Morris water maze. Cholinergic and neuroinflammatory activities were measured in brain tissue. Superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione contents were also measured in the brains. RESULTS Treatment with scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency time, decreased the number of crossings, and shortened the time spent in the target quadrant, while PA reversed these scopolamine-induced effects. PA significantly improved cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevated levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. PA also significantly ameliorated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PA might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by the modulation of cholinergic activity and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jinyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Marine Bio-resource Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Proteomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine with an Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:393510. [PMID: 26557146 PMCID: PMC4628675 DOI: 10.1155/2015/393510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This increasing demand for TCM needs to be accompanied by a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of TCM-based therapy. However, TCM is often described as a concept of Chinese philosophy, which is incomprehensible for Western medical society, thereby creating a gap between TCM and Western medicine (WM). In order to meet this challenge, TCM research has applied proteomics technologies for exploring the mechanisms of action of TCM treatment. Proteomics enables TCM researchers to oversee various pathways that are affected by treatment, as well as the dynamics of their interactions with one another. This review discusses the utility of comparative proteomics to better understand how TCM treatment may be used as a complementary therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we review the data from comparative AD-related TCM proteomics studies and establish the relevance of the data with available AD hypotheses, most notably regarding the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
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Mao J, Huang S, Liu S, Feng X, Yu M, Liu J, Sun YE, Chen G, Yu Y, Zhao J, Pei G. A herbal medicine for Alzheimer's disease and its active constituents promote neural progenitor proliferation. Aging Cell 2015; 14:784-96. [PMID: 26010330 PMCID: PMC4568966 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and self-renewal have been linked to age-related neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Rhizoma Acori tatarinowii is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine against cognitive decline. In this study, we found that the extract of Rhizoma Acori tatarinowii (AT) and its active constituents, asarones, promote NPC proliferation. Oral administration of AT enhanced NPC proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampi of adult and aged mice as well as that of transgenic AD model mice. AT and its fractions also enhanced the proliferation of NPCs cultured in vitro. Further analysis identified α-asarone and β-asarone as the two active constituents of AT in promoting neurogenesis. Our mechanistic study revealed that AT and asarones activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but not Akt, two critical kinase cascades for neurogenesis. Consistently, the inhibition of ERK activities effectively blocked the enhancement of NPC proliferation by AT or asarones. Our findings suggest that AT and asarones, which can be orally administrated, could serve as preventive and regenerative therapeutic agents to promote neurogenesis against age-related neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 320 Yueyang Road Shanghai 200031 China
- Graduate School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 320 Yueyang Road Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 320 Yueyang Road Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
| | - Xiao‐Lin Feng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research Tongji Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065 China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure‐Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 320 Yueyang Road Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 320 Yueyang Road Shanghai 200031 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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Qi Z, Xu Y, Liang Z, Li S, Wang J, Wei Y, Dong B. Naringin ameliorates cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7093-101. [PMID: 26300349 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, which facilitates the removal of free radicals, oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the effects of curcumin on the regulation of diabetes‑associated cognitive decline, and its underlying mechanisms. An experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was induced by streptozoticin (50 mg/kg). Following treatment with naringin (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 16 weeks, the body weight and blood glucose levels of the DM rats were measured. A morris water maze test was used to analyze the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, and the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were quantified in the DM rats using a commercially‑available kit and western blot assay, respectively. In addition, a GW9662 PPARγ inhibitor (0.3 mg/kg) was administered to the DM rats to determine whether PPARγ affected the effects of naringin on the cognitive deficit of the DM rats. The results demonstrated that naringin increased the body weight, blood glucose levels, and cognitive deficits of the DM rats. The levels of oxidative stress and proinflammatory factors in the naringin‑treated rats were significantly lower, compared with those of the DM rats. In addition, naringin activated the protein expression of PPARγ, and administration of the PPARγ inhibitor decreased the protein expression of PPARγ, and attenuated the effects of naringin on cognitive deficit. The results also demonstrated that naringin decreased the expression levels of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in the DM rats. These results suggested that naringin ameliorated cognitive deficits via oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and the PPARγ signaling pathway in the type 2 diabetic rat model. Furthermore, oxidative stress, proinflammatory factors and PPARγ signaling may be involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhua Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Kim BW, Koppula S, Kumar H, Park JY, Kim IW, More SV, Kim IS, Han SD, Kim SK, Yoon SH, Choi DK. α-Asarone attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by inhibiting NF kappa B activation and mitigates MPTP-induced behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:46-57. [PMID: 25983275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with microglial activation. Therefore, the importance of early therapeutic intervention to inhibit microglial activation would be an effective strategy to alleviate the progression of PD. α-Asarone, an active compound found in Araceae and Annonaceae plant species has been used to improve various disease conditions including central nervous system disorders. In the present study the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of α-asarone isolated from the rhizome of Acorus gramineus Solander was evaluated on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells were used to evaluate in vitro effects. 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD was developed to study the neuroprotective effects of α-asarone in vivo. The results indicated that α-asarone significantly attenuated the LPS-stimulated increase in neuroinflammatory responses and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production in BV-2 cells. Mechanistic study revealed that α-asarone inhibited the LPS-stimulated activation via regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B by blocking degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha signaling in BV-2 microglial cells. In in vivo studies, MPTP intoxication to mice resulted in brain microglial activation and significant behavioral deficits. Prophylactic treatment with α-asarone suppressed microglial activation and attenuated PD-like behavioral impairments as assessed by the Y-maze and pole tests. Taken together, these data demonstrate that α-asarone is a promising neuroprotective agent that should be further evaluated and developed for future prevention and treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Il-Woung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sandeep V More
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sang-Don Han
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 380-704, South Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 380-701, South Korea.
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ZHAO HUAN, WANG ZHICHENG, WANG KUIFENG, CHEN XIAOYU. Aβ peptide secretion is reduced by Radix Polygalae-induced autophagy via activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2771-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lin SK, Tsai YT, Lai JN, Wu CT. Demographic and medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine users among dementia patients in Taiwan: a nationwide database study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 161:108-115. [PMID: 25527314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Few studies have reported on the utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among dementia patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze factors associated with TCM users in the dementia populations and to investigate the medical conditions related to TCM visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18,141 dementia patients were screened from the one million sample of the National Health Insurance Research Database. The dementia patients were then divided into TCM users and non-TCM users according to their medical records between 1997 and 2008. Demographic characteristics included gender, age, insured amount, and geographic location and medical conditions including comorbidity diseases, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and anti-dementia medication were also investigated. Their tendency of TCM usage was investigated using a multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In Taiwan, 43.3% dementia patients had sought TCM treatments. The inclination of TCM usage was inversely proportional to age; the younger and early-onset dementia (age less than 55 years) patients constituted the high usage group. Female, living in central Taiwan, and higher insured amount were also associated with higher tendency of TCM use. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis showed that the Adjust odds ratios (OR) of TCM use were 1.80 (95% CI=1.68-1.94), 2.52 (95% CI=2.30-2.76), and 3.41 (95% CI=3.01-3.86) for those with one, two, three or more behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), respectively compared with dementia sufferers without BPSD. In addition, polypharmacy led to higher utilization of TCM (one type: Adjust OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.28-1.56, two types: Adjust OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.63-2.00; three or more types: Adjust OR=2.95, 95% CI=2.27-2.78). More than 70% TCM visits were treated with Chinese herbal remedies, while others used acupuncture and manipulative therapies. Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (9.7%) was the most frequently prescribed formula, followed by Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San and Ban-Xia-Bai-Zhu-Tian-Ma-Tang. CONCLUSION More than 40% of the dementia patients in Taiwan used TCM. Young-onset dementia, higher number of BPSD, multiple chronic diseases, and polypharmacy were independent predictors for dementia patients seeking TCM medical advice. On the basis of the current findings, additional clinical or epidemiologic study on the prescription patterns of TCM in dementia treatment, or the herb-drug interaction and safety issue can be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ku Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Tung Wu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Brain Food for Alzheimer-Free Ageing: Focus on Herbal Medicines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:95-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Li X, Cui J, Ding J, Wang Y, Zeng X, Ling Y, Shen X, Chen S, Huang C, Pei G. Smart Soup, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, ameliorates amyloid pathology and related cognitive deficits. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111215. [PMID: 25386946 PMCID: PMC4227681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes substantial public health care burdens. Intensive efforts have been made to find effective and safe disease-modifying treatment and symptomatic intervention alternatives against AD. Smart Soup (SS), a Chinese medicine formula composed of Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii (AT), Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP) and Radix Polygalae (RP), is a typical prescription against memory deficits. Here, we assessed the efficacy of SS against AD. Oral administration of SS ameliorated the cognitive impairment of AD transgenic mice, with reduced Aβ levels, retarded Aβ amyloidosis and reduced Aβ-induced gliosis and neuronal loss in the brains of AD mice. Consistently, SS treatment reduced amyloid-related locomotor dysfunctions and premature death of AD transgenic Drosophila. Mechanistic studies showed that RP reduced Aβ generation, whereas AT and PRP exerted neuroprotective effects against Aβ. Taken together, our study indicates that SS could be effective against AD, providing a practical therapeutic strategy against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoheng Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (GP); (JZ)
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WEI LAI, YANG JUAN, WANG MIN, XU SHENGNAN, LIANG HUAMIN, ZHOU QI. Sodium ferulate lowers portal pressure in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis through the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway: a preliminary study. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1257-67. [PMID: 25174394 PMCID: PMC4199412 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic rats show higher expression levels of hepatic RhoA and Rho-kinase than normal healthy rats, and the activation of this signaling pathway leads to portal hypertension. Sodium ferulate (SF) has been shown to decrease the production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a substance essential for RhoA activation. In the present study, to investigate the effects of SF on fibrosis, portal hypertension and the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway, hepatic cirrhosis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation. Liver function and fibrogenesis-related biochemical parameters, the hepatic hydroxyproline content, the pathological characteristics of the liver sections and the levels of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; by immunohistochemistry) were analyzed to assess effects of SF on hepatic fibrosis. In addition, hepatic RhoA, Rho-kinase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis in the SF-treated and SF + GGPP-treated rat primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and a human stellate cell line (LX-2) was examined by flow cytometry. Intrahepatic resistance and responsiveness to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist, methoxamine, were investigated by in situ liver perfusion. Treatment with SF did not affect fibrosis-related biochemical parameters or the hydroxyproline content; however, SF reduced the histological evidence of fibrosis and hepatocyte damage. The SF-treated rats had a significantly lower expression of α-SMA and Rho-kinase, as well as an increased hepatic eNOS content; however, SF did not affect RhoA expression. The SF-treated HSCs had a significantly increased apoptotic rate compared to the untreated rats. Following the addition of GGPP, the rate apoptotic rate decreased. SF reduced basal intrahepatic resistance and the responsiveness of hepatic vascular smooth muscle to methoxamine. Therefore, our data demonstrate that SF reduces fibrogenesis, decreases portal pressure in cirrhotic rats and inhibits the activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- LAI WEI
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - JUAN YANG
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - MIN WANG
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - SHENG-NAN XU
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - HUA-MIN LIANG
- Department of Physiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - QI ZHOU
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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Abstract
The roots of Angelica sinensis (RAS), are a Chinese herbal medicine traditionally used in prescriptions for replenishing blood, treating abnormal menstruation, and other women's diseases. It has also been widely marketed as health food for women's care in Asia, and as a dietary supplement in Europe and America. RAS is well-known for its hematopoietic, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory activities. RAS also possesses anti-cancer, memory, radioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Phytochemical investigations on this plant led to organic acids, phthalides, polysaccharides, and other metabolites. Based on recent animal studies and clinical trials, RAS has been used in the treatment of gynecologic diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, nervous system diseases, and nephrotic syndrome. In this review, the recent phytochemical and pharmacological studies, drug-drug interactions, clinical applications, and toxicity of RAS are summarized.
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Hu HY, Cui ZH, Li HQ, Wang YR, Chen X, Li JH, Xv DM, Zheng GQ. Fumanjian, a Classic Chinese Herbal Formula, Can Ameliorate the Impairment of Spatial Learning and Memory through Apoptotic Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus of Rats with Aβ 1-40 -Induced Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:942917. [PMID: 25050129 PMCID: PMC4090451 DOI: 10.1155/2014/942917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and lacks disease-altering treatments. Fumanjian (FMJ), a famous classic Chinese herbal prescription for dementia, was first recorded in the Complete Works of Jingyue during the Ming Dynasty. This study aimed to investigate whether FMJ could prevent cognitive deficit and take neuroprotective effects in Aβ 1-40-induced rat model through apoptotic signaling pathway. AD model was established by bilateral injection of Aβ 1-40 into hippocampus in rat. All rats were tested for their capabilities of spatial navigation and memorization by Morris water maze. Apoptosis was tested using TUNEL staining in hippocampus neuronal cells; RT-PCR tested expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA; western blotting tested protein level of cleaved caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, FMJ significantly improved the escape latency and enhanced platform-cross number compared with the Aβ 1-40-injected group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). FMJ also significantly decreased number of TUNEL-positive neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 and increased the expression of Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) compared with AD model group. In conclusion, FMJ exerts a protective effect against Aβ 1-40-induced learning and memory deficits and neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that FMJ could be used as a potential therapeutic formula for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-yan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhi-hui Cui
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Hui-qin Li
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yi-ru Wang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ji-huang Li
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dong-mei Xv
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Guo-qing Zheng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Comparison of Two Old Phytochemicals versus Two Newly Researched Plant-Derived Compounds: Potential for Brain and Other Relevant Ailments. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:682717. [PMID: 24949079 PMCID: PMC4034649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/682717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among hundreds of formulae of Chinese herbal prescriptions and recently extracted active components from the herbs, some of which had demonstrated their functions on nervous system. For the last decade or more, Gingko biloba and Polygala tenuifolia were widely studied for their beneficial effects against damage to the brain. Two compounds extracted from Apium graveolens and Rhizoma coptidis, butylphthalide and berberine, respectively, received much attention recently as potential neuroprotective agents. In this review, the two traditionally used herbs and the two relatively new compounds will be discussed with regard to their potential advantages in alleviating brain and other relevant ailments.
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Efficacy of Zhengtian Pill for migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Eur J Integr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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