1
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Krishnan SN, Thanasupawat T, Arreza L, Wong GW, Sfanos K, Trock B, Arock M, Shah GG, Glogowska A, Ghavami S, Hombach-Klonisch S, Klonisch T. Human C1q Tumor Necrosis Factor 8 (CTRP8) defines a novel tryptase+ mast cell subpopulation in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166681. [PMID: 36921737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine C1q Tumor Necrosis Factor 8 (CTRP8) is the least known member of the 15 CTRP proteins and a ligand of the relaxin receptor RXFP1. We previously demonstrated the ability of the CTRP8-RXFP1 interaction to promote motility, matrix invasion, and drug resistance. The lack of specific tools to detect CTRP8 protein severely limits our knowledge on CTRP8 biological functions in normal and tumor tissues. Here, we have generated and characterized the first specific antiserum to human CTRP8 which identified CTRP8 as a novel marker of tryptase+ mast cells (MCT) in normal human tissues and in the prostate cancer (PC) microenvironment. Using human PC tissue microarrays composed of neoplastic and corresponding tumor-adjacent prostate tissues, we have identified a significantly higher number of CTRP8+ MCT in the peritumor versus intratumor compartment of PC tissues of Gleason scores 6 and 7. Higher numbers of CTRP8+ MCT correlated with the clinical parameter of biochemical recurrence. We showed that the human MC line ROSAKIT WT expressed RXFP1 transcripts and responded to CTRP8 treatment with a small but significant increase in cell proliferation. Like the cognate RXFP1 ligand RLN-2 and the small molecule RXFP1 agonist ML-290, CTRP8 reduced degranulation of ROSAKIT WT MC stimulated by the Ca2+-ionophore A14187. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify the RXFP1 agonist CTRP8 as a novel marker of MCT and autocrine/paracrine oncogenic factor within the PC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Nivedita Krishnan
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leanne Arreza
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - G William Wong
- Dept. of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Sfanos
- Dept. of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce Trock
- Dept. of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - G Girish Shah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, CHU de Quebec-Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Glogowska
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Research Institute of Cancer and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Dept. of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Dept. of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Research Institute of Cancer and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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2
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Hamad SH, Brinkman MC, Tsai YH, Mellouk N, Cross K, Jaspers I, Clark PI, Granville CA. Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030448. [PMID: 33809907 PMCID: PMC8004185 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on how gene expression enables identification of individuals who are at risk of exposure to carcinogens from e-cigarette (e-cig) vaping; and how human vaping behaviors modify these exposures. This pilot study aimed to identify genes regulated from acute exposure to e-cig using RT-qPCR. Three subjects (2M and 1F) made three visits to the lab (nTOT = 9 visits); buccal and blood samples were collected before and immediately after scripted vaping 20 puffs (nTOT = 18 samples); vaping topography data were collected in each session. Subjects used their own e-cig containing 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerine (VG) +3-6 mg/mL nicotine. The tumor suppressor TP53 was significantly upregulated in buccal samples. TP53 expression was puff volume and flow rate dependent in both tissues. In blood, the significant downregulation of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a base excision repair gene, was consistent across all subjects. In addition to DNA repair pathway, cell cycle and cancer pathways were the most enriched pathways in buccal and blood samples, respectively. This pilot study demonstrates that vaping 20 puffs significantly alters expression of TP53 in human tissues; vaping behavior is an important modifier of this response. A larger study is needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samera H. Hamad
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
| | | | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Namya Mellouk
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Kandice Cross
- Gad Consulting Services, Risk Assessment, Consulting in Raleigh, Raleigh, NC 27609, USA;
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pamela I. Clark
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
| | - Courtney A. Granville
- Drug Information Association, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
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3
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Serrano-Heras G, Castro-Robles B, Romero-Sánchez CM, Carrión B, Barbella-Aponte R, Sandoval H, Segura T. Involvement of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase in resistance to temozolomide in patient-derived glioma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22185. [PMID: 33335215 PMCID: PMC7747563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for high-grade astrocytic tumors is mainly based on the use of temozolomide (TMZ), whose efficacy is limited by resistance mechanisms. Despite many investigations pointing to O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) as being responsible for tumor chemo-resistance, its expression does not predict an accurate response in most gliomas, suggesting that MGMT is not the only determinant of response to treatment. In this sense, several reports indicate that N-methylpurine-DNA-glycosylase (MPG) may be involved in that resistance. With that in mind, we evaluated for the first time the degree of resistance to TMZ treatment in 18 patient-derived glioma cells and its association with MGMT and MPG mRNA levels. Viability cell assays showed that TMZ treatment hardly caused growth inhibition in the patient-derived cells, even in high concentrations, indicating that all primary cultures were chemo-resistant. mRNA expression analyses showed that the TMZ-resistant phenotype displayed by cells is associated with an elevated expression of MPG to a greater extent than it is with transcript levels of MGMT. Our findings suggest that not only is MGMT implicated in resistance to TMZ but MPG, the first enzyme in base excision repair processing, is also involved, supporting its potential role as a target in anti-resistance chemotherapy for astrocytoma and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Serrano-Heras
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Laurel, s/n, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Castro-Robles
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Laurel, s/n, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Carrión
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Laurel, s/n, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rosa Barbella-Aponte
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Hernán Sandoval
- Department of Neurosurgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Tomás Segura
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurólogicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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4
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Sorribes IC, Handelman SK, Jain HV. Mitigating temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via DNA damage-repair inhibition. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190722. [PMID: 31964274 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are among the most lethal cancers, with a 5 year survival rate below 25%. Temozolomide is typically used in glioblastoma treatment; however, the enzymes alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase (APNG) and methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) efficiently mediate the repair of DNA damage caused by temozolomide, reducing treatment efficacy. Consequently, APNG and MGMT inhibition has been proposed as a way of overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Here, we develop a mechanistic mathematical model that explicitly incorporates the effects of chemotherapy on tumour cells, including the processes of DNA damage induction, cell arrest and DNA repair. Our model is carefully parametrized and validated, and then used to virtually recreate the response of heteroclonal glioblastomas to dual treatment with temozolomide and inhibitors of APNG/MGMT. Using our mechanistic model, we identify four combination treatment strategies optimized by tumour cell phenotype, and isolate the strategy most likely to succeed in a pre-clinical and clinical setting. If confirmed in clinical trials, these strategies have the potential to offset chemotherapy resistance in patients with glioblastoma and improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harsh V Jain
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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5
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Wilson DL, Kool ET. Ultrafast Oxime Formation Enables Efficient Fluorescence Light-up Measurement of DNA Base Excision. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19379-19388. [PMID: 31774658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA glycosylases constitute a biologically and biomedically important group of DNA repair enzymes responsible for initiating base excision repair (BER). Measuring their activities can be useful for studying the mechanisms DNA damage and repair and for practical applications in cancer diagnosis and drug screening. Previous fluorescence methods for assaying DNA glycosylases are often complex and/or limited in scope to a single enzyme type. Here we report a universal base excision reporter (UBER) fluorescence probe design that implements an unprecedentedly rapid oxime reaction (>150 M-1 s-1) with high specificity for the abasic (AP) site of DNA. The molecular rotor design achieves a robust >250-500-fold increase in fluorescence upon reaction with AP sites in DNA. By using the fluorescence reporter in concert with specific DNA lesion-containing substrates, the UBER probe can be used in a coupled assay in principle with any DNA glycosylase. We demonstrate the utility of the UBER probe by assaying five different glycosylases in real time as well as profiling glycosylase activity in cell lysates. We anticipate that the UBER probe will be of considerable utility to researchers studying DNA repair biology owing to its high level of generalizability, ease of use, and compatibility with biologically derived samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Cancer Institute and ChEM-H Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Cancer Institute and ChEM-H Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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6
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Kay J, Thadhani E, Samson L, Engelward B. Inflammation-induced DNA damage, mutations and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 83:102673. [PMID: 31387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between inflammation and cancer are varied and complex. An important connection linking inflammation to cancer development is DNA damage. During inflammation reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are created to combat pathogens and to stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, but these chemicals can also damage DNA, which in turn can promote mutations that initiate and promote cancer. DNA repair pathways are essential for preventing DNA damage from causing mutations and cytotoxicity, but RONS can interfere with repair mechanisms, reducing their efficacy. Further, cellular responses to DNA damage, such as damage signaling and cytotoxicity, can promote inflammation, creating a positive feedback loop. Despite coordination of DNA repair and oxidative stress responses, there are nevertheless examples whereby inflammation has been shown to promote mutagenesis, tissue damage, and ultimately carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the DNA damage-mediated associations between inflammation, mutagenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States.
| | | | - Leona Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
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7
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Towner RA, Smith N, Saunders D, Brown CA, Cai X, Ziegler J, Mallory S, Dozmorov MG, Coutinho De Souza P, Wiley G, Kim K, Kang S, Kong DS, Kim YT, Fung KM, Wren JD, Battiste J. OKN-007 Increases temozolomide (TMZ) Sensitivity and Suppresses TMZ-Resistant Glioblastoma (GBM) Tumor Growth. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:320-335. [PMID: 30468988 PMCID: PMC6251232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenge using conventional chemotherapy, such as temozolomide (TMZ), and is often ineffective as a result of drug resistance. We have assessed a novel nitrone-based agent, OKN-007, and found it to be effective in decreasing tumor volumes and increasing survival in orthotopic GBM xenografts by decreasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis and increasing apoptosis. In this study, we assessed combining OKN-007 with TMZ in vivo in a human G55 GBM orthotopic xenograft model and in vitro in TMZ-resistant and TMZ-sensitive human GBM cell lines. For the in vivo studies, magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess tumor growth and vascular alterations. Percent animal survival was also determined. For the in vitro studies, cell growth, IC50 values, RNA-seq, RT-PCR, and ELISA were used to assess growth inhibition, possible mechanism-of actions (MOAs) associated with combined OKN-007 + TMZ versus TMZ alone, and gene and protein expression levels, respectively. Microarray analysis of OKN-007-treated rat F98 glioma tumors was also carried out to determine possible MOAs of OKN-007 in glioma-bearing animals either treated or not treated with OKN-007. OKN-007 seems to elicit its effect on GBM tumors via inhibition of tumorigenic TGF-β1, which affects the extracellular matrix. When combined with TMZ, OKN-007 significantly increases percent survival, decreases tumor volumes, and normalizes tumor blood vasculature in vivo compared to untreated tumors and seems to affect TMZ-resistant GBM cells possibly via IDO-1, SUMO2, and PFN1 in vitro. Combined OKN-007 + TMZ may be a potentially potent treatment strategy for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chase A Brown
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xue Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jadith Ziegler
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Graham Wiley
- Clinical Genomics Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Oblato, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - James Battiste
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of NeurologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Thanasupawat T, Glogowska A, Burg M, Krcek J, Beiko J, Pitz M, Zhang G, Hombach‐Klonisch S, Klonisch T. C1q/TNF-related peptide 8 (CTRP8) promotes temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1464-1479. [PMID: 29949238 PMCID: PMC6120254 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1q/TNF-related peptide 8 (CTRP8) has recently emerged as a novel ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor RXFP1 in the fatal brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). We previously demonstrated that the CTRP8-RXFP1 ligand-receptor system promotes motility and matrix invasion of patient GBM and U87 MG cells by specific phosphorylation of PI3 kinase and protein kinase C. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for CTRP8 in protecting human GBM cells against the DNA alkylating damage of temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy drug used to treat GBM. This DNA protective role of CTRP8 required a functional RXFP1-STAT3 signaling cascade in GBM cells. We identified N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a monofunctional glycosylase that initiates base excision repair pathway by generating an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, as a new CTRP8-RXFP1-STAT3 target in GBM. Upon TMZ exposure, treatment with CTRP8 reduced the formation of AP sites and double-strand DNA breaks in GBM cells. This CTRP8 effect was independent of cellular MGMT levels and was associated with decreased caspase 3/7 activity and increased survival of human GBM. CTRP8-induced RXFP1 activation caused an increase in cellular protein levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl members and STAT3 targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in human GBM. Collectively, our results demonstrate a novel multipronged and clinically relevant mechanism by which the CTRP8-RXFP1 ligand-receptor system exerts a DNA protective function against TMZ chemotherapeutic stress in GBM. This CTRP8-RXFP1-STAT3 axis is a novel determinant of TMZ responsiveness/chemoresistance and an emerging new drug target for improved treatment of human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Aleksandra Glogowska
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Maxwell Burg
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Jerry Krcek
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Jason Beiko
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Marshall Pitz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH)CancerCare ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Guo‐Jun Zhang
- ChangJiang Scholar's LaboratoryShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Sabine Hombach‐Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH)CancerCare ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious DiseasesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
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9
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Dahlrot RH, Dowsett J, Fosmark S, Malmström A, Henriksson R, Boldt H, de Stricker K, Sørensen MD, Poulsen HS, Lysiak M, Söderkvist P, Rosell J, Hansen S, Kristensen BW. Prognostic value of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein expression in glioblastoma excluding nontumour cells from the analysis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:172-184. [PMID: 28574607 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is important to predict response to treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Both MGMT protein expression and MGMT promoter methylation status have been reported to predict the response to TMZ. We investigated the prognostic value of quantified MGMT protein levels in tumour cells and the prognostic importance of combining information of MGMT protein level and MGMT promoter methylation status. METHODS MGMT protein expression was quantified in tumour cells in 171 GBMs from the population-based Region of Southern Denmark (RSD)-cohort using a double immunofluorescence approach. Pyrosequencing was performed in 157 patients. For validation we used GBM-patients from a Nordic Study (NS) investigating the effect of radiotherapy and different TMZ schedules. RESULTS When divided at the median, patients with low expression of MGMT protein (AF-low) had the best prognosis (HR = 1.5, P = 0.01). Similar results were observed in the subgroup of patients receiving the Stupp regimen (HR = 2.0, P = 0.001). In the NS-cohort a trend towards superior survival (HR = 1.6, P = 0.08) was seen in patients with AF-low. Including MGMT promoter methylation status, we found for both cohorts that patients with methylated MGMT promoter and AF-low had the best outcome; median OS 23.1 and 20.0 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that MGMT protein expression in tumour cells has an independent prognostic significance. Exclusion of nontumour cells contributed to a more exact analysis of tumour-specific MGMT protein expression. This should be incorporated in future studies evaluating MGMT status before potential integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Dahlrot
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Dowsett
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Fosmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Malmström
- Department of Advanced Home Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - R Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences & Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Regional Cancer Center Stockholm Gotland, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Boldt
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - K de Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M D Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H S Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology & Oncology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Lysiak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Söderkvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Rosell
- Regional Cancer Center South East Sweden and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - B W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Syro LV, Rotondo F, Camargo M, Ortiz LD, Serna CA, Kovacs K. Temozolomide and Pituitary Tumors: Current Understanding, Unresolved Issues, and Future Directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 29963012 PMCID: PMC6013558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide, an alkylating agent, initially used in the treatment of gliomas was expanded to include pituitary tumors in 2006. After 12 years of use, temozolomide has shown a notable advancement in pituitary tumor treatment with a remarkable improvement rate in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival in both aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of temozolomide as alkylating agent, its interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid repair systems, therapeutic effects in pituitary tumors, unresolved issues, and future directions relating to new possibilities of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Syro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luis V. Syro,
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio Camargo
- Genetics, Regeneration and Cancer Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Leon D. Ortiz
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Instituto de Cancerología, Clinica Las Americas, Pharmacogenomics, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Serna
- Laboratorio de Patologia y Citologia Rodrigo Restrepo, Department of Pathology, Clinica Las Américas, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Fosmark S, Hellwege S, Dahlrot RH, Jensen KL, Derand H, Lohse J, Sørensen MD, Hansen S, Kristensen BW. APNG as a prognostic marker in patients with glioblastoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178693. [PMID: 28662073 PMCID: PMC5490991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Expression of the base excision repair enzyme alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase (APNG) has been correlated to temozolomide resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of APNG in a population-based cohort with 242 gliomas including 185 glioblastomas (GBMs). Cellular heterogeneity of GBMs was taken into account by excluding APNG expression in non-tumor cells from the analysis. Methods APNG expression was evaluated using automated image analysis and a novel quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) assay (qIHC), where APNG protein expression was evaluated through countable dots. Non-tumor cells were excluded using an IHC/qIHC double-staining. For verification, APNG was measured by a quantitative double-immunofluorescence (IF) assay. As validation APNG mRNA expression was evaluated using independent TCGA data. Results Using qIHC, high levels of APNG were associated with better overall survival (OS) in univariate (HR = 0.50; P < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.53; P = 0.001). Patients with methylated MGMT promoters and high APNG expression demonstrated better OS, than patients with methylated MGMT promoters and low APNG expression (HR = 0.59; P = 0.08). Retesting the cohort using IF showed similar results in both univariate (HR = 0.61; P = 0.002) and multivariate analysis (HR = 0.81; P = 0.2). The results were supported by data from the TCGA database. Conclusions Using two different assays combined with quantitative image analysis excluding non-tumour cells, APNG was an independent prognostic factor among patients with a methylated MGMT promoter. We expect that APNG qIHC can potentially identify GBM patients who will not benefit from treatment with temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Fosmark
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie Hellwege
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke H. Dahlrot
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Mia D. Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steinbjørn Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W. Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Dahlrot RH, Sørensen MD, Rosager AM, Hellwege S, Bangsø JA, Rosenberg T, Petterson SA, Klitkou J, Fosmark S, Hansen S, Kristensen BW. Novel approaches for quantifying protein biomarkers in gliomas: benefits and pitfalls. CNS Oncol 2015; 3:287-98. [PMID: 25286040 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic paradigm of gliomas is changing from a general approach towards an individualized and targeted approach. Accordingly, the search for prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as the demand for quantitative, feasible and robust methods for biomarker analysis increases. We find that software classifiers can identify and quantify the expression of a given biomarker within different subcellular compartments and that such classifiers can exclude frequently occurring nontumor cells, thereby avoiding potential bias. The use of a quantitative approach provides a continuous measurement of the expression, allowing establishment of new cut-points and identification of patients with specific prognoses. However, some pitfalls must be noted. This article focuses on benefits and pitfalls of novel approaches for quantifying protein biomarkers in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke H Dahlrot
- Department of Oncology, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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13
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Calvo JA, Moroski-Erkul CA, Lake A, Eichinger LW, Shah D, Jhun I, Limsirichai P, Bronson RT, Christiani DC, Meira LB, Samson LD. Aag DNA glycosylase promotes alkylation-induced tissue damage mediated by Parp1. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003413. [PMID: 23593019 PMCID: PMC3617098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents comprise a major class of front-line cancer chemotherapeutic compounds, and while these agents effectively kill tumor cells, they also damage healthy tissues. Although base excision repair (BER) is essential in repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions, initiation of BER can be detrimental. Here we illustrate that the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) mediates alkylation-induced tissue damage and whole-animal lethality following exposure to alkylating agents. Aag-dependent tissue damage, as observed in cerebellar granule cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, bone marrow cells, pancreatic β-cells, and retinal photoreceptor cells, was detected in wild-type mice, exacerbated in Aag transgenic mice, and completely suppressed in Aag−/− mice. Additional genetic experiments dissected the effects of modulating both BER and Parp1 on alkylation sensitivity in mice and determined that Aag acts upstream of Parp1 in alkylation-induced tissue damage; in fact, cytotoxicity in WT and Aag transgenic mice was abrogated in the absence of Parp1. These results provide in vivo evidence that Aag-initiated BER may play a critical role in determining the side-effects of alkylating agent chemotherapies and that Parp1 plays a crucial role in Aag-mediated tissue damage. Alkylating agents are genotoxic chemicals that induce both toxic and mutagenic DNA damage through addition of an alkyl group to DNA. Alkylating agents are routinely and successfully used as chemotherapeutic therapies for cancer patients, with one major disadvantage being the significant toxicity induced in non-tumor tissues. Accordingly, identifying factors that modify susceptibility to alkylation-induced toxicity will provide valuable information in designing cancer therapeutic regimens. This study used mouse genetic experiments to investigate whether proteins important in the base excision repair pathway modulate susceptibility to alkylating agents. In addition to whole-animal toxicity at high doses, treatment of mice with alkylating agents resulted in severe damage to numerous tissues including the cerebellum, retina, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and the pancreas. We illustrate that the DNA glycosylase Aag can actually confer, rather than prevent, alkylation sensitivity at both the whole-animal and tissue level; i.e., Aag transgenic animals are more susceptible than wild type, whereas Aag-deficient animals are less susceptible than wild type to alkylation-induced toxicity. Further genetic experiments show that the Aag-mediated alkylation sensitivity is dependent on Parp1. Given that we observe a wide range of human AAG expression among healthy individuals, this and other base excision repair proteins may be important factors modulating alkylation susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Calvo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Moroski-Erkul
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Annabelle Lake
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey W. Eichinger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dharini Shah
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Iny Jhun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Prajit Limsirichai
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderick T. Bronson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisiane B. Meira
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Leona D. Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bobola MS, Kolstoe DD, Blank A, Chamberlain MC, Silber JR. Repair of 3-methyladenine and abasic sites by base excision repair mediates glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide. Front Oncol 2012; 2:176. [PMID: 23230562 PMCID: PMC3515961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylating agents have long played a central role in the adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma (GBM). More recently, inclusion of temozolomide (TMZ), an orally administered methylating agent with low systemic toxicity, during and after radiotherapy has markedly improved survival. Extensive in vitro and in vivo evidence has shown that TMZ-induced O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)-meG) mediates GBM cell killing. Moreover, low or absent expression of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the sole human repair protein that removes O(6)-meG from DNA, is frequently associated with longer survival in GBMs treated with TMZ, promoting interest in developing inhibitors of MGMT to counter resistance. However, the clinical efficacy of TMZ is unlikely to be due solely to O(6)-meG, as the agent produces approximately a dozen additional DNA adducts, including cytotoxic N3-methyladenine (3-meA) and abasic sites. Repair of 3-meA and abasic sites, both of which are produced in greater abundance than O(6)-meG, is mediated by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, and occurs independently of removal of O(6)-meG. These observations indicate that BER activities are also potential targets for strategies to potentiate TMZ cytotoxicity. Here we review the evidence that 3-meA and abasic sites mediate killing of GBM cells. We also present in vitro and in vivo evidence that alkyladenine-DNA glycosylase, the sole repair activity that excises 3-meA from DNA, and Ape1, the major human abasic site endonuclease, mediate TMZ resistance in GBMs and represent potential anti-resistance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Bobola
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Douglas D. Kolstoe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - A. Blank
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc C. Chamberlain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
| | - John R. Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical CenterSeattle, WA, USA
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