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Noppradit B, Klinnawee L, Leeratiwong C, Praparatana R, Puttarak P. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and Hydrocotyle umbellata L. identification and quality assessment: A methodology comparison. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1383-1398. [PMID: 38747201 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centella is an important genus in the Apiaceae family. It includes Centella asiatica, which has significant edible and medicinal values. However, this species is easily confused due to its similar morphological traits to Hydrocotyle umbellata, hindering its utilization in the consumer and pharmacological industries. OBJECTIVE The study aims to differentiate these two closely related plant species using reliable methods of confirming the authenticity of natural herbal medicines. METHODS Our work mainly focuses on the basic morphological characteristics, chemical markers, genetic fingerprints, and their biological responses. RESULTS The plants can be clearly differentiated using their leaf shapes, stipules, petioles, inflorescences, and fruit structures. Although the phytochemical compositions of the C. asiatica extract were similar to that of H. umbellata which included flavonoids, tannins, and saponins important to the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing of wounds, the H. umbellata extract showed significantly higher toxicity than that of C. asiatica. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify chemical fingerprints. The result revealed that C. asiatica had major triterpene glycoside constituents including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid, which have a wide range of medicinal values. In contrast, triterpenoid saponins were not identified in H. umbellata. Furthermore, using SCoT1-6 primers was possible to effectively and sufficiently created a dendrogram which successfully identified the closeness of the plants and confirmed the differences between the two plant species. CONCLUSION Therefore, differentiation can be achieved through the combination of morphometrics, molecular bioactivity, and chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Noppradit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Lompong Klinnawee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Plant Cell and Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Charan Leeratiwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Gayathri K, Abhinand P, Gayathri V, Prasanna Lakshmi V, Chamundeeswari D, Jiang L, Tian Z, Malathi N. Computational analysis of phytocompounds in Centella asiatica for its antifibrotic and drug-likeness properties - Herb to drug study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33762. [PMID: 39027607 PMCID: PMC11255509 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with no permanent cure that affects the quality of life due to trismus. Computational pharmacology has accelerated the discovery of drug candidates for the treatment of incurable diseases. The present study aimed to screen the compounds of the miracle herb Centella asiatica with drug-likeness properties based on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. The pharmacological actions of these screened compounds against OSMF were identified by network pharmacology, gene ontology, pathway enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and simulation. Fifteen drug-like ligands were identified after virtual screening viz; asiatic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, bayogenin, gallic acid, isothankunic acid, madecassic acid, madasiatic acid, arjunolic acid, terminolic acid, catechin, epicatechin, and nobiletin. 850 potential targets were predicted for the ligands, which were analyzed against 354 proteins associated with OSMF. Compound pathway analysis and disease pathway analysis identified 53 common proteins. The GO enrichment analysis identified 472 biological process terms, 76 molecular function terms, and 44 cellular component terms. Pathway enrichment analysis predicted 142 KEGG pathways, 35 Biocarta pathways, and 236 Reactome pathways for the target proteins. The analysis revealed that the herb targets crucial events of fibrosis such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, collagen deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The common 53 proteins were used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, which revealed 4 key proteins interacting with the phytocompounds viz; transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), mothers against decapentaplegic-3 (SMAD-3), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK-1) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC). Molecular docking revealed that all ligands had a good binding affinity to the target proteins. Bayogenin had the highest binding affinity towards MAPK-1 (-9.7 kcal/mol), followed by isothankunic acid towards SRC protein (-9.3 kcal/mol). Madasiatic acid had the highest binding affinity to SMAD-3 (-7.6 kcal/mol) and TGF-β1 (-7.1 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated stable ligand protein interactions of bayogenin and MAPK complex, isothankunic acid and SRC complex. This in silico study is the first to identify potential phytochemicals present in Centella asiatica and their target molecules, which might be responsible for reversing OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Gayathri
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - P.A. Abhinand
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - V. Gayathri
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - V. Prasanna Lakshmi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - D. Chamundeeswari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Oral Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - N. Malathi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
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Wiart C, Tan PL, Rajagopal M, Chew YL, Leong MY, Tan LF, Yap VL. Review of Malaysian medicinal plants with potential wound healing activity. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:268. [PMID: 38997637 PMCID: PMC11245834 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound is defined as the damage to biological tissues including skin, mucous membranes and organ tissues. The acute wound heals in less than 4 weeks without complications, while a chronic wound takes longer than 6 weeks to heal. Wound healing occurs in 4 phases, namely, coagulation, inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. Triclosan and benzalkonium chloride are commonly used as skin disinfectants in wound healing. However, they cause allergic contact dermatitis and antibiotic resistance. Medicinal plants are widely studied due to the limited availability of wound healing agents. The present review included six commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia such as Aloe barbadensis Miller, Carica papaya Linn., Centella asiatica Linn., Cymbopogon nardus Linn., Ficus benghalensis Linn. and Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed Central and Research Gate. The review discussed the possible mechanism of action of medicinal plants and their active constituents in the wound healing process. In addition, their application in nanotechnology and wound dressings was also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Puay Luan Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Yee Leong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fang Tan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vi Lien Yap
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nairuz T, Sangwoo-Cho, Lee JH. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Pioneering an Innovative Approach to Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics. Cells 2024; 13:966. [PMID: 38891098 PMCID: PMC11171912 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the brain employs red to near-infrared (NIR) light to treat various neurological and psychological disorders. The mechanism involves the activation of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thereby enhancing ATP synthesis. Additionally, light absorption by ion channels triggers the release of calcium ions, instigating the activation of transcription factors and subsequent gene expression. This cascade of events not only augments neuronal metabolic capacity but also orchestrates anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic responses, fostering neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. It shows promise for treating conditions like dementia, stroke, brain trauma, Parkinson's disease, and depression, even enhancing cognitive functions in healthy individuals and eliciting growing interest within the medical community. However, delivering sufficient light to the brain through transcranial approaches poses a significant challenge due to its limited penetration into tissue, prompting an exploration of alternative delivery methods such as intracranial and intranasal approaches. This comprehensive review aims to explore the mechanisms through which PBM exerts its effects on the brain and provide a summary of notable preclinical investigations and clinical trials conducted on various brain disorders, highlighting PBM's potential as a therapeutic modality capable of effectively impeding disease progression within the organism-a task often elusive with conventional pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.N.); (S.-C.)
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Changsan N, Srichana T, Atipairin A, Sawatdee S. Wound healing efficacy of a polymeric spray film solution containing Centella asiatica leaf extract on acute wounds. J Wound Care 2023; 32:S22-S32. [PMID: 38063299 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.sup12.s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical efficacy of a polymeric spray film containing Centella asiatica extract to heal acute wounds. METHOD A polymeric spray film solution for wound healing was formulated using Centella asiatica extract, which contained triterpenes, including asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. The stability and physicochemical properties of the formulation were evaluated, and a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial was conducted to assess its clinical wound-healing efficacy. The Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH Tool) score was used to evaluate wound healing on days 0, 3, 5 and 7. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 60 volunteers with clean-contaminated wounds (class 1), randomly assigned to the Control (n=30) and Testing (n=30) groups. The spray product contained asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside at 0.20±0.02mg/ml, 0.16±0.01mg/ml, 0.32±0.03mg/ml and 0.10±0.00mg/ml, respectively. The pH value was 5.5±0.01, and the viscosity was 33±4cP. The product was stable for six months when stored at 30±2°C and at 40±2°C, in 75±5% relative humidity. The tested product significantly reduced the total PUSH and exudate scores, indicating that the polymeric spray film solution containing Centella asiatica improved wound healing. The average healing recovery times for the Testing and Control groups were 4.6±1.1 days and 4.87±1.0 days, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, Centella asiatica extract-containing polymeric spray film solution was beneficial as an acute wound medication, which could shorten healing time with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumon Changsan
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumtani 12000, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
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Kim M, Heo H, Hong S, Lee J, Lee H. Synergistic Effect of Madecassoside and Rosmarinic Acid Against Ultraviolet B-Induced Photoaging in Human Skin Fibroblasts. J Med Food 2023; 26:919-926. [PMID: 37976111 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Madecassoside (MD) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are well-known compounds with wound healing and antiaging effects. We demonstrated the synergistic protective activity of the MD-RA combination in Hs68 cells against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging. The cell viabilities of MD, RA, and MD-RA combinations at various ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8, and 1:9, v/v) were measured to compare their protective effects against UVB radiation. The synergistic interaction between MD and RA was confirmed using a combination index. The strongest effect of the MD-RA combination was observed at a ratio of 3:7. The combination of MD-RA 3:7 exerted a synergistic effect against UVB-induced changes in cell viability, as well as superoxide dismutase activity, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, catalase activity, and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the MD-RA combination (3:7) on matrix metalloproteinases and total collagen production was higher than that of MD or RA alone. These results demonstrated that the MD-RA combination (3:7) generated a strong synergistic effect against UVB-induced photoaging in Hs68 cells. Overall, our results provide scientific evidence to support the development of a new combination therapy for skin protection against UVB-induced photoaging through the synergistic interaction between MD and RA. These natural compounds are promising options for antiaging and skin protection in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minha Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Huijin Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seonghwa Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Centella asiatica and Its Metabolite Asiatic Acid: Wound Healing Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020276. [PMID: 36837896 PMCID: PMC9966672 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An intense effort has been focused on new therapeutic approaches and the development of technologies for more efficient and rapid wound healing. The research for plants used for long time in traditional medicine in the treatment of wound has become a promising strategy to obtain drugs therapeutically useful in the acute and chronic wound management. In this context, Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) has been used to treat a variety of skin diseases, such as leprosy, lupus, varicose ulcers, eczema and psoriasis, in Asiatic traditional medicine for thousands of years. Studies have shown that Centella asiatica extracts (CAE) display activity in tissue regeneration, cell migration and wound repair process by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Preliminary findings have shown that the asiatic acid is one of the main active constituents of C. asiatica, directly associated with its healing activity. Thus, this study discusses aspects of the effects of Centella asiatica and its active component, asiatic acid, in different stages of the healing process of cutaneous wounds, including phytochemical and antimicrobial aspects that contribute to its therapeutic potential.
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Bandopadhyay S, Mandal S, Ghorai M, Jha NK, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Proćków J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Dey A. Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:593-608. [PMID: 36756687 PMCID: PMC9983323 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub-tropical regions of China, India, South-Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti-ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food TechnologyChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS)Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing DivisionICAR – Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbaiIndia
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolanIndia
| | | | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental BiologyWrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (CSIS)Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
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Sanguansajapong V, Sakdiset P, Puttarak P. Development of Oral Microemulsion Spray Containing Pentacyclic Triterpenes-Rich Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Extract for Healing Mouth Ulcers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112531. [PMID: 36432724 PMCID: PMC9694358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several publications have shown that Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and its active constituents (pentacyclic triterpenes) are effective in wound healing. The pentacyclic triterpenes-rich C. asiatica extract (PRE) was prepared following a previous study by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and fractionation with macroporous resin. This method provided the pentacyclic triterpene content in the extract up to 59.60% w/w. The PRE showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production with an IC50 value of 20.59 ± 3.48 μg/mL and a potent fibroblast proliferative effect (165.67%) at concentrations of 10 μg/mL. The prepared microemulsion consisted of a water: oil: surfactant mixture of 2: 2: 6, using coconut oil: clove oil (1:1) as the oil phase and Tween 20: Span 20 (2:1) as the surfactant mixture and 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% PRE. Cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production of the microemulsion base and microemulsions containing 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% PRE were evaluated. The results revealed that the microemulsion containing 1% PRE had the highest proliferation effect (136.30 ± 3.93% to 152.65 ± 3.48% at concentrations of 10 μg/mL), migration activities (100.00 ± 0.0% at 24 h), and collagen production in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells when compared with other formulations or blank. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of microemulsions containing 1% PRE was slightly lower than standard indomethacin. Anti-inflammation of the microemulsion containing PRE exhibited a dose-dependent trend, while 5% PRE was more potent than the standard drug. Considering the potent wound-healing activities and the good anti-inflammatory activity of the microemulsion containing PRE, the microemulsion with 1% PRE was identified as the most suitable oral spray formulation for oral ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasinee Sanguansajapong
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Sakdiset
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-99-474-1598
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Ganie IB, Ahmad Z, Shahzad A, Zaushintsena A, Neverova O, Ivanova S, Wasi A, Tahseen S. Biotechnological Intervention and Secondary Metabolite Production in Centella asiatica L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2928. [PMID: 36365380 PMCID: PMC9656378 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L., commonly known as Gotu kola, Indian pennywort, and Asiatic pennyworts, is an herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae and has long been used in the traditional medicine system. The plant is known to produce a wide range of active metabolites such as triterpenoids including asiatic acid, asiaticoside, brahmoside, and madecassic acid along with other constituents including centellose, centelloside, and madecassoside, etc., which show immense pharmacological activity. Due to its beneficial role in neuroprotection activity, the plant has been considered as a brain tonic. However, limited cultivation, poor seed viability with low germination rate, and overexploitation for decades have led to severe depletion and threatened its wild stocks. The present review aimed to provide up-to-date information on biotechnological tools applied to this endangered medicinal plant for its in vitro propagation, direct or indirect regeneration, synthetic seed production, strategies for secondary metabolite productions including different elicitors. In addition, a proposed mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Bashir Ganie
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Anwar Shahzad
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Alexandra Zaushintsena
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Olga Neverova
- Department of Ecology and Nature Management, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street, 6, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Adla Wasi
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sabaha Tahseen
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Xing Y, Yu Z, Hu X, Yin J, Fan T, Fu Z, Pan G, Liu E, Zhou J, Han L. Characterization of volatile organic compounds in Polygonum multiflorum and two of its processed products based on multivariate statistical analysis for processing technology monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463431. [PMID: 36027836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a comprehensive analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of raw Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) and two of its processed products, as well as an effective and simple method based on volatile markers to determine to which extent the PM had been processed. Sixty-five VOCs were identified by headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), along with headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the HS-SPME-GC-MS spectra and fingerprint analysis of the HS-GC-IMS spectra allowed the identification of raw PM from its processed products based the VOCs identified. Furthermore, the content and distribution of VOCs in the samples were easily analyzed visually based on clustering-kernel density estimation (Cluster-KDE). Finally, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) allowed the screening of significant markers to identify the processing method and consequently distinguish the three studied groups of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Zhifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Second Affiliated hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 69 Zengchan Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300250, P.R. China
| | - Erwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Zhou
- Tianjin Institude for Drug Control, 98 Guizhou Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China.
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12
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Ramalingam S, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ. Plant-based Natural Products for Wound Healing: A Critical Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:37-60. [PMID: 35549848 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666211005095613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is an intricate process consisting of four overlapping phases, namely hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Effective treatment of wounds depends upon the interaction of appropriate cell types, cell surface receptors, and the extracellular matrix with the therapeutic agents. Several approaches currently used for treating wounds, such as advanced wound dressing, growth factor therapy, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy, are not very effective and lead to impaired healing. Further, repeated use of antibiotics to treat open wounds leads to multi- drug resistance. Today there is considerable interest in plant-based drugs as they are believed to be safe, inexpensive, and more suitable for chronic wounds. For example, a large number of plant- based extracts and their bioactive compounds have been investigated for wound healing. In recent years the structural and mechanistic diversity of natural products have become central players in the search for newer therapeutic agents. In the present review, a thorough critical survey of the traditionally used plant-based drugs used worldwide for wound healing with special reference to the natural products/bioactive compounds isolated and screened is presented. It is hoped that this review will attract the attention of the research community involved in newer drug design and development for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris-643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moola Joghee Nanjan Chandrasekar
- School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Ooty Campus), Longwood, Mysuru Road, Ooty, The Nilgiris-643001, Nilgiris-643001, Tamilnadu, India
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Pharmacological Effects of Centella asiatica on Skin Diseases: Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5462633. [PMID: 34845411 PMCID: PMC8627341 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5462633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban known as gotu kola has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In particular, a significant body of scientific research exists on the therapeutic properties of preparations of C. asiatica or its triterpenes in the treatment of skin diseases. The present study is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of C. asiatica on skin diseases. Peer-reviewed articles on the potent dermatological effects of C. asiatica were acquired from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. This review provides an understanding of pharmacological studies which confirm the potent dermatological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of C. asiatica. This medicinal plant and its triterpenes include asiaticoside, madecassoside, and their aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. These compounds exert therapeutic effects on dermatological diseases such as acne, burns, atopic dermatitis, and wounds via NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT signaling in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, additional rigorously controlled long-term clinical trials will be necessary to confirm the full potential of C. asiatica as a therapeutic agent.
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14
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Wang L, Li D, Shen Y, Liu F, Zhou Y, Wu H, Liu Q, Deng B. Preparation of Centella asiatica loaded gelatin/chitosan/nonwoven fabric composite hydrogel wound dressing with antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:350-359. [PMID: 34592227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics abuse and the emergence of massive drug-resistant bacteria have become the major obstacles in the medical system. Thus, designing an antibiotic-free wound dressing with antibacterial activity and decent biocompatibility is urgently desired. Herein, the sandwich-like composite hydrogel wound dressings were developed by intercalating nonwoven fabrics (NF) as the middle layer, gelatin and chitosan (Gel-CS) hydrogel loaded with Centella asiatica (CA) as the base materials. In addition, soaking strategy was employed to improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited uniform microporous structure, stable mechanical property, high water absorbency, as well as water vapor transmission rate. After loading with CA, the composite wound dressing showed the sustained drug release properties in vitro and excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that the composite hydrogels had good biocompatibility. This work indicates that the nonwoven composite hydrogels have broad application prospects in the field of medical care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyao Deng
- Laboratory for Advanced Nonwoven Technology, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Transcriptome sequencing revealed the influence of blue light on the expression levels of light-stress response genes in Centella asiatica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260468. [PMID: 34843573 PMCID: PMC8629183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is rich in medical and cosmetic properties. While physiological responses of C. asiatica to light have been widely reported, the knowledge of the effects of light on its gene expression is sparse. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression of the C. asiatica genes in response to monochromatic red and blue light. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under blue light were up-regulated but those under red light were down-regulated. The DEGs encoded for CRY-DASH and UVR3 were among up-regulated genes that play significant roles in responses under blue light. The DEGs involved in the response to photosystem II photodamages and in the biosynthesis of photoprotective xanthophylls were also up-regulated. The expression of flavonoid biosynthetic DEGs under blue light was up-regulated but that under red light was down-regulated. Correspondingly, total flavonoid content under blue light was higher than that under red light. The ABI5, MYB4, and HYH transcription factors appeared as hub nodes in the protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs under blue light while ERF38 was a hub node among the DEGs under red light. In summary, stress-responsive genes were predominantly up-regulated under blue light to respond to stresses that could be induced under high energy light. The information obtained from this study can be useful to better understand the responses of C. asiatica to different light qualities.
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Sukmawan YP, Alifiar I, Nurdianti L, Ningsih WR. Wound Healing Effectivity of the Ethanolic Extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L. Leaf (White and Purple Flower Type) and Centella asiatica and Astaxanthin Combination Gel Preparation in Animal Model. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:609-615. [PMID: 34719189 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.34676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study's objective was to determine the wound healing activity of the combination of ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoides L. leaf (white and purple), Centella asiatica, and astaxanthin gel preparation. Materials and Methods For in-gel preparation, three different formulas of gelling agents, namely carbopol 934 (1%), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (9%), and natirum-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) (4%), were employed. Then, the organoleptic, pH, spreadability, and viscosity of the formulas were evaluated. To determine wound healing activity, six treatments, including negative control (placebo), positive control (bioplacenton), BP5 (A. conyzoides L. leaf ethanolic extract of white flower type 5%, C. asiatica L. Urb leaf ethanolic extract 2.5%, astaxanthin 0.05%), BU5 (A. conyzoides L. leaf ethanolic extract of purple flower type 5%, C. asiatica L. Urb leaf ethanolic extract 2.5%, astaxanthin 0.05%), BU10 (A. conyzoides L. leaf ethanolic extract of purple flower type 10%, C. asiatica L. Urb leaf ethanolic extract 5%, and astaxanthin 0.1%), and BP10 (A. conyzoides L. leaf ethanolic extract of white flower type 10%, C. asiatica L. Urb leaf ethanolic extract 5%, and astaxanthin 0.1%) were evaluated. All treatments were applied to an incision wound (1.5 cm). Measurement of the wound length was conducted daily for 14 days. Results The results showed that the carbopol 934 (1%) gelling agent formula was better than HPMC and Na-CMC. Meanwhile, the percentages of wound healing activity for negative, positive, BP5, BU5, BU10, and BP10 groups were 72.51%, 69.36%, 70.14%, 81.70%, 86.54%, and 80.21%, respectively. The BU5 and BU10 showed significant activity (p<0.05) compared with positive and negative controls. Conclusion BU10 provided the best wound healing activity and can be developed as a commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedy Purwandi Sukmawan
- Bakti Tunas Husada Health Science College, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Alifiar
- Bakti Tunas Husada Health Science College, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Lusi Nurdianti
- Bakti Tunas Husada Health Science College, Department of Pharmaceuthics, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Widar Rahayu Ningsih
- Bakti Tunas Husada Health Science College, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
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Nourbakhsh F, Lotfalizadeh M, Badpeyma M, Shakeri A, Soheili V. From plants to antimicrobials: Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytother Res 2021; 36:33-52. [PMID: 34532918 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane barrier provides a cytoplasmic environment for organelles of bacteria. The membrane is composed of lipid compounds containing phosphatide protein and a minimal amount of sugars, and is responsible for intercellular transfers of chemicals. Several antimicrobials have been found that affect bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. These compounds generally disrupt the organization of the membrane or perforate it. By destroying the membrane, the drugs can permeate and replace the effective macromolecules necessary for cell life. Furthermore, they can disrupt electrical gradients of the cells through impairment of the membrane integrity. In recent years, considering the spread of microbial resistance and the side effects of antibiotics, natural antimicrobial compounds have been studied by researchers extensively. These molecules are the best alternative for controlling bacterial infections and reducing drug resistance due to the lack of severe side effects, low cost of production, and biocompatibility. Better understanding of the natural compounds' mechanisms against bacteria provides improved strategies for antimicrobial therapies. In this review, natural products with antibacterial activities focusing on membrane damaging mechanisms were described. However, further high-quality research studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of these natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Nourbakhsh
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Badpeyma
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Soheili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
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Buranasudja V, Rani D, Malla A, Kobtrakul K, Vimolmangkang S. Insights into antioxidant activities and anti-skin-aging potential of callus extract from Centella asiatica (L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:13459. [PMID: 34188145 PMCID: PMC8241881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of oxidative stress in dermal fibroblasts plays crucial roles in aging processes of skin. The use of phytochemicals that can promote capacity of fibroblasts to combat oxidative stress is an attractive strategy to prevent skin aging and promote skin beauty. Centella asiatica has been used to treat multitude of diseases for centuries. Previous investigations demonstrated that extracts from C. asiatica have a broad range of beneficial activities through their antioxidant activity. Hence, the extract from this medicinal plant could be a great candidate for anti-skin-aging agent. Callus culture offers a powerful platform for sustainable, rapid and large-scale production of phytochemicals to serve extensive demands of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Here, we demonstrated the application of callus culture of Centella asiatica to produce bioactive metabolites. The 50% ethanolic extract of callus culture has distinctive features of chemical compositions and biological profiles. Information from HPTLC-DPPH and HPLC analysis suggested that the callus extract comprises distinctive antioxidant compounds, compared with those isolated from authentic plant. Moreover, results from cell culture experiment demonstrated that callus extract possesses promising antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities. Pre-treatment with callus extract attenuated H2O2-induced-cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. The results from RT-qPCR clearly suggested that the upregulation of cellular antioxidant enzymes appeared to be major contributor for the protective effects of callus extract against oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation with callus extract inhibited induction of matrix metalloprotease-9 following H2O2 exposure, suggesting its potential anti-skin-aging activity. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of C. asiatica callus extract as anti-skin-aging agent in cosmeceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visarut Buranasudja
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dolly Rani
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ashwini Malla
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khwanlada Kobtrakul
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Research Unit for Natural Product Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Welcome MO, Mastorakis NE. The taste of neuroinflammation: Molecular mechanisms linking taste sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105557. [PMID: 33737243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates a critical role of neuroinflammatory response as an underlying pathophysiological process in several central nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammatory processes are not fully known. The discovery of bitter taste receptors in regions other than the oral cavity substantially increased research interests on their functional roles in extra-oral tissues. It is now widely accepted that bitter taste receptors, for instance, in the respiratory, intestinal, reproductive and urinary tracts, are crucial not only for sensing poisonous substances, but also, act as immune sentinels, mobilizing defense mechanisms against pathogenic aggression. The relatively recent discovery of bitter taste receptors in the brain has intensified research investigation on the functional implication of cerebral bitter taste receptor expression. Very recent data suggest that responses of bitter taste receptors to neurotoxins and microbial molecules, under normal condition, are necessary to prevent neuroinflammatory reactions. Furthermore, emerging data have revealed that downregulation of key components of the taste receptor signaling cascade leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammasome signaling in neurons that ultimately culminate in neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that link taste receptor mediated surveillance of the extracellular milieu to neuroinflammatory responses are not completely understood. This review integrates new data on the molecular mechanisms that link bitter taste receptor sensing to neuroinflammatory responses. The role of bitter taste receptor-mediated sensing of toxigenic substances in brain disorders is also discussed. The therapeutic significance of targeting these receptors for potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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21
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More GK, Makola RT, Prinsloo G. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Rift Valley Fever Virus, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Medicinal Plant Extracts. Viruses 2021; 13:221. [PMID: 33572659 PMCID: PMC7912315 DOI: 10.3390/v13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus endemic to sub-Saharan African countries, and the first sporadic outbreaks outside Africa were reported in the Asia-Pacific region. There are no approved therapeutic agents available for RVFV; however, finding an effective antiviral agent against RVFV is important. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of medicinal plant extracts. Twenty medicinal plants were screened for their anti-RVFV activity using the cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction method. The cytotoxicity assessment of the extracts was done before antiviral screening using the MTT assay. Antioxidant and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species' (ROS/RNS) inhibitory activity by the extracts was investigated using non-cell-based and cell-based assays. Out of twenty plant extracts tested, eight showed significant potency against RVFV indicated by a decrease in tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) < 105. The cytotoxicity of extracts showed inhibitory concentrations values (IC50) > 200 µg/mL for most of the extracts. The antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory results revealed that extracts scavenged free radicals exhibiting an IC50 range of 4.12-20.41 µg/mL and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by 60-80% in Vero cells. This study demonstrated the ability of the extracts to lower RVFV viral load and their potency to reduce free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garland K. More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Raymond T. Makola
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Molecular and Life Science, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) Sovenga, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
- National institute of Communicable Diseases, Special Viral Pathogen/Arbovirus Unit, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
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22
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An JR, Seo MS, Jung HS, Heo R, Kang M, Han ET, Park H, Jung WK, Choi IW, Park WS. Inhibition by Imipramine of the Voltage-Dependent K+ Channel in Rabbit Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Toxicol Sci 2020; 178:302-310. [PMID: 33010168 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is used in the treatment of depressive disorders. However, the effect of imipramine on vascular ion channels is unclear. Therefore, using a patch-clamp technique we examined the effect of imipramine on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels in freshly isolated rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Kv channels were inhibited by imipramine in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 5.55 ± 1.24 µM and a Hill coefficient of 0.73 ± 0.1. Application of imipramine shifted the steady-state activation curve in the positive direction, indicating that imipramine-induced inhibition of Kv channels was mediated by influencing the voltage sensors of the channels. The recovery time constants from Kv-channel inactivation were increased in the presence of imipramine. Furthermore, the application of train pulses (of 1 or 2 Hz) progressively augmented the imipramine-induced inhibition of Kv channels, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of imipramine is use (state) dependent. The magnitude of Kv current inhibition by imipramine was similar during the first, second, and third depolarizing pulses. These results indicate that imipramine-induced inhibition of Kv channels mainly occurs in the closed state. The imipramine-mediated inhibition of Kv channels was associated with the Kv1.5 channel, not the Kv2.1 or Kv7 channel. Inhibition of Kv channels by imipramine caused vasoconstriction. From these results, we conclude that imipramine inhibits vascular Kv channels in a concentration- and use (closed-state)-dependent manner by changing their gating properties regardless of its own function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine
| | - Hongzoo Park
- Department of Urology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 48516, South Korea
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Ghiulai R, Roşca OJ, Antal DS, Mioc M, Mioc A, Racoviceanu R, Macaşoi I, Olariu T, Dehelean C, Creţu OM, Voicu M, Şoica C. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E5557. [PMID: 33256207 PMCID: PMC7730621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are among the most common skin conditions, displaying a large etiological diversity and being characterized by different degrees of severity. Wound healing is a complex process that involves multiple steps such as inflammation, proliferation and maturation and ends with scar formation. Since ancient times, a widely used option for treating skin wounds are plant- based treatments which currently have become the subject of modern pharmaceutical formulations. Triterpenes with tetracyclic and pentacyclic structure are extensively studied for their implication in wound healing as well as to determine their molecular mechanisms of action. The current review aims to summarize the main results of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies conducted on lupane, ursane, oleanane, dammarane, lanostane and cycloartane type triterpenes as potential wound healing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Oana Janina Roşca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Diana Simona Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
| | - Ioana Macaşoi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Tudor Olariu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Octavian Marius Creţu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania;
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd EftimieMurgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Codruţa Şoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (R.G.); (O.J.R.); (M.M.); (R.R.); (C.Ş.)
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Simultaneous analysis of five triterpenes in Centella asiatica by high performance liquid chromatography with cyclodextrins as the mobile phase additives. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18577. [PMID: 33122688 PMCID: PMC7596059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes are considered the major active components in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (C. asiatica), such as asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiaticoside B. It is difficult to simultaneously determine five triterpenes because of madecassoside isomers (madecassoside and asiaticoside B), and the great polarity difference between triterpene acid and triterpene glycoside. In this study, a simple high performance liquid chromatography method with isocratic elution employing cyclodextrins (CDs) as the mobile phase additives was developed to determine five triterpenes in C. asiatica. Various factors affecting triterpenes retention in the C18 column, such as the nature of CDs, γ-CD concentration, acetonitrile percentage and temperature, were studied. Experimental results showed that γ-CD, as an effective mobile phase additive, could markedly reduce the retention of triterpenes (especially asiatic acid and madecassic acid), and improve the separation for madecassoside and asiaticoside B. The elution of five triterpenes could be achieved on an ODS C18 column within 30 min using the acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid contained 4.0 mM γ-CD (20:80, v/v) mixture as the mobile phase. The retention modification of triterpenes may be attributed to the formation of the triterpenes-γ-CD inclusion complexes. The optimized method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of five triterpenes in C. asiatica.
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Zofia NŁ, Martyna ZD, Aleksandra Z, Tomasz B. Comparison of the Antiaging and Protective Properties of Plants from the Apiaceae Family. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5307614. [PMID: 32963698 PMCID: PMC7501569 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5307614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant materials play a very significant role as components of products being used both for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Due to the high content of active substances, they can play an important role as extracts with antioxidant, regenerative, and antiaging properties. The skin aging process depends on various pathological and physiological processes, among which the degradation of extracellular matrix biomolecules such as collagen and elastin, which significantly affect the maintenance of good skin condition, is very important. The secondary metabolites and plant extracts may have collagenase and elastase inhibitory activity. This activity is mainly due to the high content of a wide range of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols, which include, among others, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and tannins. The work involved a comprehensive assessment of the plant from Apiaceae family such as Meum athamanticum L., Centella asiatica L., and Aegopodium podagraria L. extract as a multifunctional raw material. During study antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds and flavonoids content, effect on collagenase and elastase enzyme activity (antiaging effect), cytotoxic properties on skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts), and cell migration capacity were analyzed. It has been shown that the highest antioxidant capacity can be observed for the extract of herb of Aegopodium podagraria L. When the concentration reached 5% all tested extracts had a positive effect on the cell proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It turned out that the most promising inhibitor of collagenase and elastase enzymes was the extract from Aegopodium podagraria, which inhibits the activity of both enzymes by over 70% in the concentration of 5% positively affecting the condition of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizioł-Łukaszewska Zofia
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Zagórska-Dziok Martyna
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Ziemlewska Aleksandra
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Bujak Tomasz
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
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A V T, Mohanty S, Dinda AK, Koul V. Fabrication and evaluation of gelatin/hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate/asiatic acid based biopolymeric scaffold for the treatment of second-degree burn wounds - Wistar rat model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:055016. [PMID: 32252033 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab8721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking architecture was introduced with gelatin glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate and a triterpenoid using asiatic acid, possessing biodegradable and biocompatible properties that mark the functionality for the treatment of second-degree burn wounds. In the present work, a foam-based scaffold was fabricated and sterilized with gamma radiation at a 2.5 Mrad dose. The scaffolds were further characterized for morphology, swelling, degradation behaviour, release of bioactive components, ATR-FTIR, mechanical, thermal properties and compared with control. In vitro cytocompatibility of the developed scaffold was studied with L929 mouse fibroblast cells and human mesenchymal stem cells based on deoxyribonucleic acid and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Additionally, the developed scaffold was evaluated for its biocompatibility on the Wistar rat to assess any toxicity induced to the animal based on blood biochemistry and histopathology analysis. Finally, we assessed the efficacy of developed foam scaffolds on the second-degree burn wound-induced Wistar rat with a scaffold alone and a scaffold seeded with human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a wound healing study for 28 d. The wound contraction assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry analysis and pro-healing marker quantification using hexosamine, hydroxyproline, and pro-inflammatory markers like TNF-α and MMP-2 were carried out and compared with the commercially available wound dressing. The results revealed that foam-based ECM mimic was cytocompatible, biocompatible and biodegradable in 18 ± 3 d in in vivo conditions and the scaffold fostered the process of healing of second-degree burns within 28 d of treatment. The obtained result proved that the scaffold has a potential for clinical settings in second-degree burn wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanusha A V
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India. Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kaur S, Singh G, Sadwal S, Aniqa A. Alleviating impact of hydroethanolicMurraya koenigiileaves extract on bisphenol A instigated testicular lethality and apoptosis in mice. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13504. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aniqa Aniqa
- Biophysics from Panjab University Chandigarh India
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28
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Uppuluri VNVA, Shanmugarajan TS. Icariin-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol/Agar Hydrogel: Development, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation in a Full-Thickness Burn Model. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2019; 18:323-335. [PMID: 31140339 DOI: 10.1177/1534734619849982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged skin tissues. Among the hydrogels for tissue regeneration applications, topical hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as 3D-scaffolds in the burn wound healing process. Currently, no report has been published specifically on icariin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar hydrogel on full-thickness burn wounds. In the present study, burn tissue regeneration based on biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds was used for repairing damaged extracellular matrix. Furthermore, a skin burn model was developed in rats, and the icariin-loaded PVA/agar hydrogels were implanted into the damaged portions. The regeneration of the damaged tissues with the help of the icariin-loaded hydrogel group exhibited new translucent skin tissues and repaired extracellular matrix, indicating that the hydrogel can enhance the wound healing process. Moreover, characterization studies such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry reported the extent of compatibility between icariin and its polymers. Results of the field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed the extent of the spread of icariin within the polymer-based hydrogel. Furthermore, the wound healing potential, confirmed by histopathological and histochemical findings at the end of 21 days, revealed the visual evidence for the biomimetic property of icariin-loaded PVA/agar hydrogel scaffolds with the extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T S Shanmugarajan
- Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India
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Park S, Ko E, Lee JH, Song Y, Cui CH, Hou J, Jeon BM, Kim HS, Kim SC. Gypenoside LXXV Promotes Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo by Enhancing Connective Tissue Growth Factor Levels Via the Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081595. [PMID: 31018484 PMCID: PMC6515290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a well-orchestrated event in which many types of cells and growth factors are involved in restoring the barrier function of skin. In order to identify whether ginsenosides, the main active components of Panax ginseng, promote wound healing, the proliferation and migration activities of 15 different ginsenosides were tested by MTT assay and scratched wound closure assay. Among ginsenosides, gypenoside LXXV (G75) showed the most potent wound healing effects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of G75 on wound healing in vivo and characterize associated molecular changes. G75 significantly increased proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and promoted wound closure in an excision wound mouse model compared with madecassoside (MA), which has been used to treat wounds. Additionally, RNA sequencing data revealed G75-mediated significant upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), which is known to be produced via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway. Consistently, the increase in production of CTGF was confirmed by western blot and ELISA. In addition, GR-competitive binding assay and GR translocation assay results demonstrated that G75 can be bound to GR and translocated into the nucleus. These results demonstrated that G75 is a newly identified effective component in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Eunsu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jun Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yoseb Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hao Cui
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Jingang Hou
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Byeong Min Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Asiatic acid enhances intratumor delivery and the antitumor effect of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin by reducing tumor-stroma collagen. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:539-545. [PMID: 29921887 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (Tt-DDSs) are proposed as a promising strategy for cancer care. However, the dense collagen network in tumors stroma significantly reduces the penetration and efficacy of Tt-DDS. In order to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on antitumor effect of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by attenuating stroma-collagen, colon cancer xenograft mice (SW620 cell line) were treated by PLD, AA, or combined regimes, respectively; the collagen levels were estimated by Sirius red/fast green dual staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining; the intratumor exposure of doxorubicin was visualized by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and quantified by HPLC/MS analysis. In addition, the impact of AA on collagen synthesis of fibroblast cell (HFL-1) and cytotoxic effect of PLD and doxorubicin to cancer cell (SW620) were studied in vitro. In the presence of AA (4 mg/kg), the intratumor collagen level was restricted in vivo (reduced by 22%, from 4.14% ± 0.30% to 3.24% ± 0.25%, P = 0.051) and in vitro. Subsequently, doxorubicin level was increased by ~30%. The antitumor activity of PLD was significantly improved (57.3% inhibition of tumor growth and 44% reduction in tumor weight) by AA combination. Additionally, no significant improvement in cytotoxic effect of PLD or doxorubicin induced by AA was observed. In conclusion, AA is a promising sensitizer for tumor treatment by enhancing intratumor drug exposure via stromal remodeling.
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Xiong Z, Lang L, Gao X, Xiao W, Wang Z, Zhao L. An integrative urinary metabolomic study of the therapeutic effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule on primary dysmenorrheal rats based 1H NMR and UPLC–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:750-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Namviriyachote N, Lipipun V, Akkhawattanangkul Y, Charoonrut P, Ritthidej GC. Development of polyurethane foam dressing containing silver and asiaticoside for healing of dermal wound. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:63-77. [PMID: 32104439 PMCID: PMC7032128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane foam dressings for dermal wounds were formulated with natural polyols in order to improve the foam characteristics and the release of 2 active agents, silver and asiaticoside (AS) as an antimicrobial agent and an herbal wound healing agent, respectively. The foam was instantly formed by interaction of polyols and diisocyanate. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, chitosan and sodium alginate were individually mixed with the main polyols, polypropylene glycol, in the formulation while the active components were impregnated into the obtained foam dressing sheets. Although the type and amount of the natural polyols slightly affected the pore size, water sorption-desorption profile and compression strength of the obtained foam sheets, a prominent effect was found in the release of both active components. Among natural polyols formulations, foam sheets with alginate showed the highest silver and AS release. Non-cytotoxicity of these foam sheets to human fibroblast cells was confirmed. Antimicrobial testing on four bacteria strains showed that 1 mg/cm2 silver in formulations with 6% of natural polyols and without natural polyols had sufficient content of the silver release with comparable inhibition zone and significantly larger zone than other formulations. In pig study, the foam dressing with 6% alginate, 1 mg/cm2 silver and 5% AS could improve wound healing in both the percentage of the wound closure and histological parameters of the dermal wound without any dermatologic reactions. In conclusion, this innovative foam dressing had potential to be a good candidate for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vimolmas Lipipun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Phingphol Charoonrut
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Pharmacological and polyphenolic profiles of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius var. commersonii Müll. Arg: An unexplored endemic species from Mauritius. Food Res Int 2018; 115:425-438. [PMID: 30599961 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus phillyreifolius var. commersonii Müll. Arg is an endemic plant of Mauritius. To date, no study has been performed concerning its polyphenolic profile and pharmacological properties. In this study, a decoction (water), ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of P. phillyreifolius, obtained from different extraction procedures (maceration and Soxhlet), were studied for antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and enzyme inhibitory properties along with their polyphenolic profile. The ethyl acetate macerated extract showed high antibacterial activity against B. cereus (MIC = 0.293 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 0.417 mg/mL) while S. epidermidis was most susceptible to the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract (MIC = 0.521 mg/mL). The methanol-Soxhlet extract displayed the most potent cupric and ferric reducing power, and metal chelating effect, while the macerated methanolic extract was the most effective DPPH and ABTS scavenger, and BChE inhibitor. Only the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition. All extracts exhibited a strong anti-tyrosinase activity, which was further investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamic. After 48 h exposure to the extracts for HeLa cell lines, the ethyl acetate-Soxhlet extract showed the highest inhibition (IC50 = 533.1 μg/mL) while the decoction extract was more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 337.4 μg/mL). Treatment of cancer cell lines with all P. phillyreifolius extracts resulted in a time-dependent reduction of cell viability for HeLa and dose-and time-dependent reduction for MDA-MB-231. Gene expression ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was higher for all Soxhlet-extracts. Total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) content were highest in the decoction and methanol-Soxhlet extract, respectively (122.43 mg GAE/g extract and 31.28 mg RE/g extract, respectively). The extracts were abundant in ellagitannins, although phenolic acids and flavonoids were also detected. Granatin B was detected for the first time in Phyllanthus species. Overall, the aerial parts of P. phillyreifolius exemplify a potent reservoir of bioactive phytochemicals for therapeutic applications.
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A Prospective Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of the Efficacy Using Centella Cream for Scar Improvement. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9525624. [PMID: 30310413 PMCID: PMC6166374 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9525624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Centella asiatica extract in cream, a preparation for the prevention of scar development of the split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor site. Methods A prospective randomized, double-blind control study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of Centella cream in 30 patients who underwent a STSG operation. Both Centella cream and placebo were applied equally to the donor site at least 2 weeks after epithelialization was completed. A scar assessment using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) was taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results Of the original 30 patients, 23 patients completed evaluation. There were significant differences in pigmentation parameter of VSS and comparative total VSS scores between 4 and 12 weeks in Centella cream group. Conclusion The effect of Centella cream on scar development of a STSG operation may be attainable in terms of better pigmentation. By means of objective measurements and longer follow-up times, Centella cream may prove to be an alternative product for hypertrophic scar amelioration.
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Arora R, Kumar R, Agarwal A, Reeta KH, Gupta YK. Comparison of three different extracts of Centella asiatica for anti-amnesic, antioxidant and anticholinergic activities: in vitro and in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1344-1352. [PMID: 30021372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) has been used by Ayurvedic medical practitioners in India for almost 3000 years. The neuropharmacological properties of CA and its constituents have been studied extensively. Anti-oxidant, free radical scavenging and cholinergic modulatory activities are the reported mechanisms of action for its efficacy in memory disorders. Its medicinal values are mainly attributed to the presence of several triterpenes, namely asiatic acid, madecassic acid, asiaticoside, and madecassoside. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of these triterpenes content in CA extract on the antioxidant, cholinesterase modulation and anti-amnesic properties. The fractions of CA extract enriched for (CAE-EF) and depleted/freed of (CAE-FF) triterpenes contents were compared with methanolic extract (CAE). Both in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinergic activities were used. In vitro, free radical scavenging assays (ABTS, DPPH, NO, NORAC, and ORAC) and cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) inhibition assays were used. For evaluation of anti-amnesic effect, scopolamine induced amnesia in rats, as the acute model of memory loss was used. Following behavioural assessments (MWM, PA, EPM), biomarkers of oxidative stress (reduced GSH, MDA and SOD activity) and cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) status were also estimated in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rat brain. The methanolic extract (CAE) was found to perform best among all three fractions for in vitro free radical scavenging, cholinesterase inhibition, improvement of scopolamine-induced amnesia and also in vivo antioxidant effect and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Interestingly triterpenes free fraction (CAE-FF) showed better antioxidant activity than triterpenes enriched fraction (CAE-EF) along with comparable anti-amnesic effect. This indicates that triterpenes are not solely responsible for antioxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibitory and anti-amnesic effect of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Y K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Assmann CE, Cadoná FC, Bonadiman BDSR, Dornelles EB, Trevisan G, Cruz IBMD. Tea tree oil presents in vitro antitumor activity on breast cancer cells without cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1253-1261. [PMID: 29864906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate some possible mechanisms underlying the in vitro antitumor activity of tea tree oil (TTO) on human and mouse breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and 4T1, respectively) and its cytotoxicity on fibroblasts (HFF-1) and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). TTO High-Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC) showed seventeen main constituents, such as Terpinen-4-ol, γ-Terpinene, and α-Terpinene. High TTO concentrations (≥ 600 μg/mL) showed a remarkable antitumor activity, decreasing cell viability and cell proliferation of MCF-7 and 4T1 cells. TTO at 300 μg/mL increased the number of MCF-7 cells in the early stages of apoptosis and increased the BAX/BCL-2 genes ratio. TTO, mainly at 300 μg/mL, decreased cell growth and arrested MCF-7 cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Lower antitumor concentrations (≤300 μg/mL) evaluated in MCF-7 and 4T1 cells were not cytotoxic to PBMCs and HFF-1. Also, TTO (300 μg/mL) was able to induce cell proliferation in fibroblasts after 72 h, indicating non-cytotoxic effect in these cells. TTO exhibited in vitro antitumor effect on MCF-7 and 4T1 cells by decreasing cell viability and modulating apoptotic pathways and cell cycle arrestment of MCF-7 cells. In this sense, our study provides new perspectives on the potential use of TTO for the development of new alternative therapies to treat topically locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francine Carla Cadoná
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, University of the West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Bortoluzzi Dornelles
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Van Loc T, Nhu VTQ, Van Chien T, Ha LTT, Thao TTP, Van Sung T. Synthesis of madecassic acid derivatives and their cytotoxic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fifteen new 28-amide derivatives of madecassic acid, isolated from the tropical medicinal herb Centella asiatica (Apiaceae), have been synthesised, and their cytotoxicity on three cancer cell lines, KB (carcinoma cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer) and Lu-1 (lung cancer), was evaluated. The results showed that acetylation of the 2,3,23-hydroxyl group and/or amidation of the 28-COOH group strongly increased the cytotoxicity of the synthesised compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Quynh Nhu
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
- Gio Linh High School , April 2 street, P.O. 520000 , Quang Tri Province , Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Chien
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry , Department of Organic Synthesis , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, P.O. 10000 , Cau Giay, Ha Noi , Vietnam
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Lv J, Sharma A, Zhang T, Wu Y, Ding X. Pharmacological Review on Asiatic Acid and Its Derivatives: A Potential Compound. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:111-127. [PMID: 29361877 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317751840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural triterpenes represent a group of pharmacologically active and structurally diverse organic compounds. The focus on these phytochemicals has been enormous in the past few years, worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, is found mainly in the traditional medicinal herb Centella asiatica. Triterpenoid saponins, which are the primary constituents of C. asiatica, are commonly believed to be responsible for their extensive therapeutic actions. Published research work has described the molecular mechanisms underlying the various biological activities of AA and its derivatives, which vary for each chronic disease. However, a compilation of the various pharmacological properties of AA has not yet been done. Herein, we describe in detail the pharmacological properties of AA and its derivatives that inhibit multiple pathways of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors that are involved in the various stages of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the pharmacological activities of AA were compared with two natural compounds: curcumin and resveratrol. This review summarizes the research on AA and its derivatives and helps to provide future directions in the area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Lv
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alok Sharma
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- 1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Das U, Behera SS, Pramanik K. Ethno-Herbal-Medico in Wound Repair: An Incisive Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:579-590. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urmimala Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology; Rourkela 769008 Odisha India
| | | | - Krishna Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering; National Institute of Technology; Rourkela 769008 Odisha India
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Budovsky A, Yarmolinsky L, Ben-Shabat S. Effect of medicinal plants on wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:171-83. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arie Budovsky
- Judea Regional Research & Development Center; Carmel
| | | | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva Israel
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Yao CH, Yeh JY, Chen YS, Li MH, Huang CH. Wound-healing effect of electrospun gelatin nanofibres containingCentella asiaticaextract in a rat model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:905-915. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science; Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology; Taichung Taiwan
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Liu S, Wei W, Li Y, Lin X, Shi K, Cao X, Zhou M. In vitro and in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activities of the lignan nirtetralin B isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 157:62-68. [PMID: 25260580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nirtetralin B, a new lignan first reported by our team, is isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. This plant has long been used in folk medicine for liver protection and antihepatitis B in many Asian countries. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of nirtetralin B using HepG2.2.15 cells and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks as in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nirtetralin B was isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) by extraction and chromatographic procedures and the anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was used in vitro assay. And the in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated on the expression of HBV replication, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST on day 0, 7, 14, 17 after nirtetralin B was dosed intragastricly (i.g.) once a day for 14 days at the dosages of 25, 50 and 100mg/kg/day in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks. RESULTS In the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15, nirtetralin B effectively suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values for HBsAg of 17.4μM, IC50 values for HBeAg of 63.9μM. In DHBV-infected ducklings, nirtetralin B significantly reduced the serum DHBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST. And analysis of the liver pathological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of nirtetralin B. CONCLUSION The experimental data demonstrated that nirtetralin B exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Yubin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xing Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Liu S, Wei W, Shi K, Cao X, Zhou M, Liu Z. In vitro and in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activities of the lignan niranthin isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1061-7. [PMID: 25009077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Niranthin is a lignan isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. This plant has long been used in folk medicine for liver protection and antihepatitis B in many Asian countries. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of niranthin using HepG2.2.15 cells and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks as in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Niranthin was isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) by extraction and chromatographic procedures and the anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was used in vitro assay. And the in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated on the expression of HBV replication, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST on day 0, 7, 14, 17 after niranthin was dosed intragastricly (i.g.) once a day for 14 days at the dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks. RESULTS In the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15, the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg were significantly decreased after treatment with niranthin for 144 h, with IC50 values for HBsAg of 15.6 µM, IC50 values for HBeAg of 25.1 µM. In DHBV-infected ducklings, niranthin significantly reduced the serum DHBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST. Furthermore, analysis of the liver pathological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of niranthin. CONCLUSION The experimental data demonstrated that niranthin exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xun Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, PR China
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Tong B, Wan B, Wei Z, Wang T, Zhao P, Dou Y, Lv Z, Xia Y, Dai Y. Role of cathepsin B in regulating migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes into inflamed tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:586-97. [PMID: 24749816 PMCID: PMC4137842 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CB), an important proteinase that participates in joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), exhibits higher expression in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) of abnormal proliferative synovial tissues. Whether and how it affects the biological behaviours of RA-FLS, such as migration and invasion, are poorly understood. In the present study, CB expression in synovial tissues of patients with RA and ostearthritis (OA) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Stable depletion of endogenous CB was achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and decrease of CB activity was acquired by using its specific inhibitor (CA074Me). The effects of CA074Me and RNA interference (RNAi) treatments on proliferation, migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 expression, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation of FLS were analysed. In RA synovial tissues, CB was expressed at elevated levels compared with OA synovial tissues. CA074Me could inhibit invasion of FLS obtained from RA patients in an ex-vivo invasion model. CA074Me and siRNA treatments suppressed the migration and invasion of FLS, reduced the activity, expression and mRNA level of MMP-2, restrained the activation of FAK and reduced the expression of F-actin. Moreover, CA074Me decreased the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in FLS, while siCB treatment reduced the phosphorylation of P38 but not JNK. CB substantially contributes to the invasive phenotype of FLS that leads to joint destruction in RA. This proteinase may show promise as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Rafiee E, Mehrabian A, Feily A. Skin Wound Healing and Phytomedicine: A Review. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 27:303-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000357477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Medicinal plants and their natural components as future drugs for the treatment of burn wounds: an integrative review. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:601-17. [PMID: 24895176 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Burn wound healing is a complicated process including inflammation, re-epithelialization, granulation, neovascularization and wound contraction. Several biochemicals are involved in burn healing process including antioxidants, cytokines and liver and kidney damage biomarkers. Although several preparations are available for the management of burn wound, there is still a necessity of researching for efficacious medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate herbal preparations and their phytochemical constituents for burn wound management. For this purpose, electronic databases including Pubmed, Scirus, Scopus and Cochrane library were searched from 1966 to July 2013 for in vitro, in vivo or clinical studies which examined the effect of any herbal preparation on different types of burn wound. Only 3 human studies were found to include in this review. In contrast, there were 62 in vivo and in vitro studies that show the need for more clinical trials to prove the plant's potential to cure burn wound. Among single herbal preparations, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Centella asiatica and Hippophae rhamnoides showed the best burn wound healing activity. Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and phenolic compounds were active constituents present in different herbs facilitating wound closure. Glycosides including madecassoside and asiaticoside and proteolytic enzymes were among the main active components. Phytochemicals represented positive activity at different stages of burn wound healing process by various mechanisms including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, collagen synthesis stimulation, cell proliferative and angiogenic effect. Overall, several herbal medicaments have shown marked activity in the management of wounds-especially burn wounds-and therefore can be considered as an alternative source of treatment. Furthermore, various natural compounds with verified burn-induced wound healing potential can be assumed as future natural drugs.
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Luo Y, Yang YP, Liu J, Li WH, Yang J, Sui X, Yuan X, Nie ZY, Liu YQ, Chen D, Lin SH, Wang YA. Neuroprotective effects of madecassoside against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1565:37-47. [PMID: 24735651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Madecassoside, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from Centella asiatica, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated its neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in cerebral neurons in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Madecassoside (6, 12, or 24mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 1h after the start of reperfusion, and neurological deficit score and infarct volume were evaluated 24h later. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by performing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and pathological brain damage was estimated by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione levels, and nitric oxide levels were also determined. mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β/6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively; NF-κB p65 expression was determined by western blotting. Madecassoside significantly reduced brain infarct area, resolved neurological deficit, and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis. It also significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and augmented the antioxidant activity in rats subjected to cerebral I/R. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB p65 significantly reduced after madecassoside treatment. These results indicate that madecassoside is neuroprotective and may be useful in reducing the damage caused by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Hua Li
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Nie
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Qin Liu
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Beijing Suliman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hui Lin
- Beijing Suliman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yong-An Wang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Maramaldi G, Togni S, Franceschi F, Lati E. Anti-inflammaging and antiglycation activity of a novel botanical ingredient from African biodiversity (Centevita™). Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013; 7:1-9. [PMID: 24376360 PMCID: PMC3864881 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s49924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the topical efficacy of a new purified extract from Madagascar, Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica [L.] Urban), both on human explants and on human volunteers, in relation to skin wrinkling and skin protection against ultraviolet light exposure. The extract, with a peculiar content of biologically active molecules, was investigated as a novel anti-inflammaging and antiglycation agent. Its typical terpenes, known as collagen synthesis promoters, represent at least 45% of the extract. It also contains a polyphenolic fraction cooperating to the observed properties. Methods C. asiatica purified extract was assayed on human skin explants maintained alive, and several parameters were evaluated. Among the most relevant, the thymine dimerization was evaluated by immunostaining. Malondialdehyde formation was evaluated as free-radical scavenging marker by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of interleukin-1α was observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well. The product was further evaluated as an antiglycation agent, being glycation quantified by the advanced glycation product carboxymethyl lysine. C. asiatica purified extract was also evaluated as an antiwrinkling agent in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Formulated in a simple oil-in-water emulsion, the extent of wrinkling was assessed by skin replicas, skin firmness, skin elasticity, and collagen density measurements. Results C. asiatica purified extract could protect DNA from ultraviolet light-induced damage, decreasing the thymine photodimerization by over 28% (P<0.05). A reduced (26%, P<0.01) expression of interleukin-1α was also observed, supporting its anti-inflammatory potential. C. asiatica purified extract showed in vitro a total inhibition of carboxymethyl lysine formation induced by the glycating agent methylglyoxal. A clear epidermal densification of collagen network in the papillary dermis was observed. These in vitro data have been confirmed by clinical results. Conclusion These results qualify C. asiatica purified extract as an antiaging ingredient, addressing skin damage caused by inflammaging and glycation by relying on the synergy of triterpens and polyphenolics.
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50
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TAO LIJIANG, ZHOU XINDIE, SHEN CHENGCHUN, LIANG CHENGZHEN, LIU BING, TAO YIQING, TAO HUIMIN. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis and triggers a caspase cascade in U2-OS and MG-63 cells through the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:345-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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