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Cho W, Hong M, Mobarak EH, Birdal O, Lim MC, Jung MS, Hong SA, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Madecassoside modulates lipid metabolism in visceral adipocytes: exploring the browning, lipolysis, and lipogenesis mechanisms for potential obesity treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae042. [PMID: 38588466 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Madecassoside (MA) is a triterpene derived from Centella asiatica that has been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various disease models. However, its direct impact on cultured white adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms, mainly through gene knockdown, have not been thoroughly explored. METHODS Western blot analysis was utilized to assess the expression levels of various proteins, while oil red O staining was used to measure lipid deposition. The adipocyte shapes were confirmed using H&E staining. KEY FINDINGS MA treatment enhanced browning and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue from experimental mice while suppressing lipogenesis. Furthermore, MA treatment increased the expression of PPARα and FGF21 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as the secretion of FGF21 into the culture medium. Knockdown of PPARα or FGF21 using siRNA diminished the effects of MA on lipid metabolism in cultured adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that MA promotes thermogenic browning and lipolysis while inhibiting adipocyte lipogenesis, thus showing the potential for attenuating obesity. The study suggested that MA could be a viable therapeutic approach for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Mineui Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Enas H Mobarak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oğuzhan Birdal
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Min Chan Lim
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Jung
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Ling Z, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhong W, Su Z, Qin Z. Protective role of madecassoside from Centella asiatica against protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase deficiency-induced neurodegeneration. Neuropharmacology 2024; 246:109834. [PMID: 38181970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT/PCMT1) could repair l-isoaspartate (L-isoAsp) residues formed by deamidation of asparaginyl (Asn) residues or isomerization of aspartyl (Asp) residues in peptides and proteins during aging. Aside from abnormal accumulation of L-isoAsp, PIMT knockout (KO) mice mirrors some neuropathological hallmarks such as anxiety-like behaviors, impaired spatial memory and aberrant synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD). While some reports indicate the neuroprotective effect of madecassoside (MA) as a triterpenoid saponin component of Centella asiatica, its role against NDs-related anxiety and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of MA against anxiety-related behaviors in PIMT deficiency-induced mouse model of NDs. Results obtained from the elevated plus maze (EPM) test revealed that MA treatment alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in PIMT knockout mice. Furthermore, Real-time PCR, electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, transmission electron microscopy analysis and ELISA were carried out to evaluate the expression of clock genes, sleep and synaptic function, respectively. The PIMT knockout mice were characterized by abnormal clock patterns, sleep disturbance and synaptic dysfunction, which could be improved by MA administration. Collectively, these findings suggest that MA exhibits neuroprotective effects associated with improved circadian rhythms sleep-wake cycle and synaptic plasticity in PIMT deficient mice, which could be translated to ameliorate anxiety-related symptoms and cognitive impairments in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ling
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sirui Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yancheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanyu Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghao Su
- Department of Febrile Disease, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenxia Qin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Junsai T, Tangpanithandee S, Srimangkornkaew P, Suknuntha K, Vivithanaporn P, Khemawoot P. Sub-chronic oral toxicity of a water-soluble extract of Centella asiatica (Centell-S) in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114509. [PMID: 38336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centell-S, a water-soluble extract from Centella asiatica, is predominantly composed of madecassoside and asiaticoside, exceeding 80% w/w. Pursuing its development as an herbal medicinal product, Centell-S underwent sub-chronic toxicity assessment adhering to OECD GLP 408 standards. METHODS In a study involving 100 Wistar rats, varying doses of Centell-S (50, 200, or 800 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle control were administered orally over 90 days. To evaluate Centell-S's safety profile, assessments included clinical observations, health examinations, clinical biochemistry analyses, and detailed anatomical pathology evaluations were conducted. RESULTS Over the 90 days of treatment, the administration of Centell-S did not lead to any fatalities in the test animals. Clinical observations did not reveal any signs indicative of toxic effects. Notably, an increase in total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts was observed in both sexes, yet these levels returned to normal following a two-week discontinuation period post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Under the specific conditions of the OECD GLP 408, Repeated Dose 90-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Centell-S was 800 mg/kg/day. These findings are promising for the continued development of Centell-S as a phytopharmaceutical for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thammaporn Junsai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Supawit Tangpanithandee
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | | | - Kran Suknuntha
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Phisit Khemawoot
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, Thailand.
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Tan SC, Rajendran R, Bhattamisra SK, Krishnappa P, Davamani F, Chitra E, Ambu S, Furman B, Candasamy M. Protective effects of madecassoside, a triterpenoid from Centella asiatica, against oxidative stress in INS-1E cells. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38340357 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2315499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Progressive decline in β cell function and reduction in the β cell mass is important in type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that madecassoside's previously demonstrated in vivo protective effects on the β cell in experimental diabetes were exerted directly. We investigated the effects of madecassoside in protecting a β cell line (INS-1E) against a variety of agents. INS-1E cells were treated with madecassoside in the presence of high glucose (HG), a cytokine mixture, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or streptozotocin (STZ). HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2 and STZ each produced a significant decrease in cell viability; this was significantly reversed by madecassoside. Pre-treatment with madecassoside reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2, and STZ, and concentration-dependently reduced ROS production. Madecassoside also significantly enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that madecassoside's in vivo effects are exerted directly on the β cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Ching Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramkumar Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Purushotham Krishnappa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Ambu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules & Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shan RR, Yu JT, Zhang SF, Xie MM, Hou R, Xie CY, Dong ZH, Yang Q, Hu XW, Dong YH, Zhang Y, Luo XF, Cui ZY, Liu XY, Xie YC, Wen JG, Liu MM, Jin J, Chen Q, Meng XM. Madecassoside alleviates acute kidney injury by regulating JNK-mediated oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155252. [PMID: 38056145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) has high morbidity and mortality, which is manifested by inflammation and apoptosis. Effective treatment methods for AKI are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrated the protecting effects of Madecassoside (MA) in the cisplatin- and hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro and AKI mice in vivo. METHODS In vivo AKI mouse models were established by inducing them with cisplatin and renal ischemia-reperfusion. In vitro injury models of mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were established by inducing them with cisplatin and hypoxia and reoxygenation, respectively. The mechanism of MA effects was further explored using molecular docking and RNA-sequencing. RESULTS MA could significantly reduce kidney injury in the cisplatin-and renal ischemia-reperfusion (IRI)-induced AKI. Further validation in the two cellular models also showed that MA had protect effects. MA can alleviate AKI in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting inflammation, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress. MA exhibited high permeability across the Caco-2 cell, can enter cells directly. Through RNA-seq and molecular docking analysis, this study further demonstrated that MA inhibits its activity by directly binding to JNK kinase, thereby inhibiting c-JUN mediated cell apoptosis and improving AKI. In addition, MA has better renal protective effects compared to curcumin and JNK inhibitor SP600125. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that MA might be a potential drug for the treatment of AKI and act through the JNK/c-JUN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Run Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ju-Tao Yu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shao-Fei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Man-Man Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chun-Ya Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ze-Hui Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, 230051, China
| | - Yu-Hang Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zong-Yu Cui
- Second Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Translational Research Institute of Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Molecular Pathology Centre, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China
| | - Yun-Chang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, the Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Choi SW, Cho W, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Hong SA, Hong M, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Madecassoside ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice through AMPK/autophagy-mediated suppression of ER stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115815. [PMID: 37741512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a contributing factor in the development of hepatic steatosis in obesity. Madecassoside (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene derived from Centella asiatica, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties in the treatment of skin wounds. However, the impact of MA on hepatic ER stress and lipid metabolism in experimental obesity models has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of MA on primary hepatocytes treated with palmitate and the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Our findings demonstrated that MA treatment reduced lipogenic lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and ER stress in hepatocytes. Additionally, MA treatment increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and markers of autophagy. Importantly, when AMPK was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or autophagy was blocked by 3-methyladenine (3MA), the protective effects of MA against ER stress, lipogenic lipid deposition, and apoptosis in palmitate-treated hepatocytes were abolished. These results suggest that MA mitigates hepatic steatosis in obesity through an AMPK/autophagy-dependent pathway. The present study highlights the potential of MA as a promising therapeutic candidate for hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mineui Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mandal S, Das T, Nandy S, Ghorai M, Saha SC, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Mukerjee N, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Dey A. Biotechnological and endophytic-mediated production of centellosides in Centella asiatica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:473-89. [PMID: 36481800 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture of a plant cell, tissue and organ is a marvellous, eco-friendly biotechnological strategy for the production of phytochemicals. With the emergence of recent biotechnological tools, genetic engineering is now widely practiced enhancing the quality and quantity of plant metabolites. Triterpenoid saponins especially asiaticoside and madecassoside of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. are popularly known for their neuroprotective activity. It has become necessary to increase the production of asiaticoside and madecassoside because of their high pharmaceutical and industrial demand. Thus, the review aims to provide efficient biotechnological tools along with proper strategies. This review also included a comparative analysis of various carbon sources and biotic and abiotic elicitors. The vital roles of a variety of plant growth regulators and their combinations have also been evaluated at different in vitro growth stages of Centella asiatica. Selection of explants, direct and callus-mediated organogenesis, root organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production etc. are also highlighted in this study. In a nutshell, this review will present the research outcomes of different biotechnological interventions used to increase the yield of triterpenoid saponins in C. asiatica. KEY POINTS: • Critical and updated assessment on in vitro biotechnology in C. asiatica. • In vitro propagation of C. asiatica and elicitation of triterpenoid saponins production. • Methods for mass producing C. asiatica.
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Komaikul J, Ruangdachsuwan S, Juntarapornchai S, Wanlayaporn D, Ketsuwan K, Masrinoul P, Yoksan S, Puthavathana P, Kitisripanya T. Effectiveness of neutral electrolyzed water in inactivating HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of plastic and the medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) urban. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10294. [PMID: 36032186 PMCID: PMC9391078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about viral contamination, including in crops due to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Limited evidence is available to support the use of sanitizing agents for human coronavirus-contaminated medicinal plants. Thus, we aimed to investigate the persistence of infectious human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) as a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate in storage conditions and the capability of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) to inactivate coronavirus, including in fresh plants such as C. asiatica. The levels of infectious HCoV-OC43 and the triterpenoid content of C. asiatica were quantified using a plaque assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results showed that the persistence of HCoV-OC43 on C. asiatica leaves is identical to that on inert polystyrene. When covered and kept at room temperature with high humidity (>90% RH), HCoV-OC43 can be stable on C. asiatica leaves for at least 24 h. NEW with 197 ppm of available chlorine concentration (ACC) was effective in inactivating both infectious HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 in suspension (≥3.68 and ≥4.34 log reduction, respectively), and inactivated dried HCoV-OC43 on the surfaces of C. asiatica leaves (≥2.31 log reduction). Soaking C. asiatica leaves for 5 min in NEW with 205 ppm of ACC or water resulted in significantly higher asiaticoside levels (37.82 ± 0.29 and 35.32 ± 0.74 mg/g dry weight, respectively), compared to the unsoaked group (29.96 ± 0.78 mg/g dry weight). These findings suggest that although coronavirus-contaminated C. asiatica leaves can pose a risk of transmission, NEW could be an option for inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukrapun Komaikul
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sasiporn Ruangdachsuwan
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sanjira Juntarapornchai
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Duangnapa Wanlayaporn
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kunjimas Ketsuwan
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Promsin Masrinoul
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suthee Yoksan
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Tharita Kitisripanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Ranjith GP, Jisha S, Hemanthakumar AS, Saji CV, Shenoi RA, Sabu KK. Impact of potential stimulants on asiaticoside and madecassoside levels and expression of triterpenoid-related genes in axenic shoot cultures of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Phytochemistry 2021; 186:112735. [PMID: 33839454 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The triterpenoid saponins, asiaticoside and madecassoside from Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. are known to have a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The effect of addition of Potential Metabolite Stimulants (PMSs) - casein acid hydrolysate, meat peptone, salicylic acid, copper sulphate, and silver nitrate, on the concentrations of these saponins and transcript levels of associated genes encoding important biosynthetic enzymes, was assessed in axenic shoot cultures of C. asiatica. Among the stimulants, silver nitrate induced asiaticoside content approximately 6-fold increase in madecassoside levels, after three weeks post-treatment with a decrease in biomass compared to its control. Gene expression analysis of essential genes involved in triterpenoid synthesis such as β-amyrin synthase showed an upregulation of approximately 50-fold at the third week of silver nitrate treatment compared to control. These findings suggest that silver nitrate can act as a metabolite stimulant, to enhance the formation of triterpenoids in axenic shoot culture of C. asiatica, which could be utilized in studying the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis and biotechnological application for the increased production of these bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Priya Ranjith
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India
| | - S Jisha
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India
| | - Achutan Sudarsanan Hemanthakumar
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India
| | - Chinthu V Saji
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus, Kottayam, 686009, Kerala, India
| | - Rajesh A Shenoi
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus, Kottayam, 686009, Kerala, India
| | - Kallevettankuzhy Krishnannair Sabu
- Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, 695562, Kerala, India.
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Peng LY, Shi HT, Yuan M, Li JH, Song K, Huang JN, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Fu BD. Madecassoside Protects Against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Activation and Blood-Air Barrier Permeability. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32581788 PMCID: PMC7289980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassoside (MA), a crucial ingredient of Centella asiatica, has been reported to exhibit a variety of bioactivities, including antipulmonary fibrosis, and antiinflammatory effects. Here we aimed to elucidate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of MA on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The mice were treated with MA for one week and then received intratracheal of LPS to establish the ALI model. Then we evaluated the pathological changes by haematoxylin and eosin staining and measured the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) by ELISA, the transcriptional level of tight junction proteins by qRT-PCR, as well as the expression of Toll-like receptor4/Nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway by Western blot. The results showed that MA significantly inhibited LPS-induced pathological damages, lung edema, MPO, and proinflammatory cytokines production. Furthermore, MA obviously repaired alveolar epithelium integrity showing by reduced secretion of total proteins in the BALF and enhanced mRNA expression of tight junction as Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) comparing to LPS. Further research showed that LPS stimulation activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation was inhibited by MA. In conclusion, these data indicated that MA had protective effects against LPS-induced ALI. The therapeutic mechanisms may be associated with reducing the alveolar epithelium permeability and inflammatory response via repressing the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Tao Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang-Ni Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Wannasarit S, Mahattanadul S, Issarachot O, Puttarak P, Wiwattanapatapee R. Raft-forming gastro-retentive formulations based on Centella asiatica extract-solid dispersions for gastric ulcer treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105204. [PMID: 31870812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liquid raft-forming formulations comprising solid dispersions of glycoside-rich Centella asiatica extract and Eudragit® EPO (GR-SD) were developed to achieve prolonged delivery of the glycosides, asiaticoside (AS) and madecassoside (MS) in the stomach and thus increase the effectiveness of gastric ulcer treatment. Solid dispersions of GR extract and Eudragit® EPO (GR-SD, weight ratio 1:0.5) resulted in the highest solubility of AS (41.7 mg/mL) and MS (29.3 mg/mL) and completed dissolution of both glycosides occurred in SGF within 10 min. The optimized raft-forming formulation was composed of alginate (2%), HPMC K-100 (0.5%), GR-SD (1.2%), and calcium carbonate (0.5%) as a calcium source and carbon dioxide producer. The formulation provided sufficient raft strength (> 7.0 g), rapid floating behavior in SGF (~30 s), and sustained release of AS (more than 80%) and MS (85%) over 8 h. GR-SD-based formulations administered once daily to rats for two days at a dose of 10 mg AS/kg reduced the severity of gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin with a greater curative efficacy than those of unformulated GR extract and a standard antiulcer agent: lansoprazole (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that GR-SD-based raft-forming systems offer significant promise for improving the treatment of gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Wannasarit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Sirima Mahattanadul
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Ousanee Issarachot
- Pharmacy Technician Department, Sirindhron College of Public Health of Suphanburi, 77 moo4, Tubteelek sub-district, Mueang district, Suphanburi, 72000, Thailand
| | - Panupong Puttarak
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Ruedeekorn Wiwattanapatapee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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12
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Elhassan SAM, Candasamy M, Ching TS, Heng YK, Bhattamisra SK. Effect of madecassoside and catalpol in amelioration of insulin sensitivity in pancreatic (INS-1E) β-cell line. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4627-4631. [PMID: 31797687 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1696794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has emerged as global burden disease. Herbal drugs with antidiabetic activities are attracting the attention. Madecassoside and catalpol are herbal compounds having strong antioxidant and glucose lowering activity. Madecassoside and catalpol were investigated for their effect on insulin sensitivity using pancreatic INS-1E cells. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by MTT assay. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and expression of insulin signalling proteins were studied in presence of madecassoside and catalpol. Results revealed that madecassoside and catalpol enhanced the GSIS without cytotoxic effect. Madecassoside (30 µM) and catalpol (40 µM) increased the insulin secretion in response to high glucose (16.7 mM) stimulation. Subsequently, madecassoside and catalpol showed elevated expression of p-IRS-1, Akt, and p-Akt proteins. Madecassoside and catalpol after 24 h of incubation in pancreatic INS-1E cells with high glucose concentration (30 mM) ameliorated the insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Swee Ching
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yap Kah Heng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dou Y, Luo J, Yu J, Xia Y, Dai Y. Cholinergic system is involved in the therapeutic effect of madecassoside on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105813. [PMID: 31404889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that oral administration of madecassoside could markedly attenuate collagen-induced arthritis in rats, a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis. As the autonomic nervous system is critically involved in the modulation of peripheral inflammation and immune response, the present study aims to explore the possible involvement of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in the effect of madecassoside on rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis was induced by chicken collagen in rats, and madecassoside was orally administered daily for two weeks from day 14 after the primary immunization. The antagonists of adrenoceptor and cholinergic receptors were co-administered with madecassoside, respectively. Unilateral cervical vagotomy was performed four days before the arthritis induction. The results showed that madecassoside (30 mg/kg) treatment markedly ameliorated arthritis symptoms in rats, mainly evidenced by the reduction of paw swelling and arthritis index scores. Co-administration of madecassoside with atropine (an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) or hexamethonium (an antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) markedly diminished the therapeutic effects of madecassoside in arthritis. However, co-administration with phentolamine (an antagonist of the α-adrenoceptor) or propranolol (an antagonist of the β-adrenoceptor) did not alter the effect of madecassoside on arthritis. Furthermore, unilateral cervical vagotomy significantly reduced the anti-arthritis efficacy of madecassoside, including the amelioration of clinical symptoms, as well as the inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines except T lymphocytes-related cytokines. These findings suggest that madecassoside exerts inhibitory effects on collagen-induced arthritis through, at least partially, the peripheral cholinergic system.
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Liu S, Li G, Tang H, Pan R, Wang H, Jin F, Yan X, Xing Y, Chen G, Fu Y, Dong J. Madecassoside ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in rats by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway. Neurosci Lett 2019; 709:134386. [PMID: 31330225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a predisposing factor for several neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of madecassoside (MA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in rats. MA has many protective effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether MA could improve neurocognitive dysfunction caused by intracerebroventricular injection of LPS. We examined the effects and mechanisms of action of MA on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the cortex and hippocampus. Our study revealed that MA (120 mg/kg, i.g) treatment for 14 days reduced LPS-induced neurotoxicity by reducing cognitive impairments and suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), and interleukin 6(IL-6) via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Furthermore, MA treatment enhanced protein levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 by upregulating Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated neurotoxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that MA is effective in preventing neurodegenerative diseases by improving memory functions due to its anti-inflammatory activities and activation of Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. As such, MA may be a potential therapy for addressing memory impairment caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haijie Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqin Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanyan Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongmei Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Lu X, Zeng R, Lin J, Hu J, Rong Z, Xu W, Liu Z, Zeng W. Pharmacological basis for use of madecassoside in gouty arthritis: anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperuricemic, and NLRP3 inhibition. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:277-284. [PMID: 31084401 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1590721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Gouty arthritis is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, which is associated with the rise of serum urate content. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Madecassoside on gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia. Methods: DBA/1 mice were intradermally injected with MSU to stimulate joint inflammation or intraperitoneally injected with MSU to trigger peritonitis. Moreover, ICR mice were exposed to potassium oxonate to stimulate hyperuricemia. Results: Madecassoside repressed MSU-triggered pad swelling, joint 99mTc uptake, and joint inflammation in DBA/1 mice with gouty arthritis. Neutrophil infiltration and IL-1β & IL-6 & MCP-1 secretion was also alleviated in lavage fluids from DBA/1 mice with peritonitis due to Madecassoside treatment. Furthermore, Madecassoside decreased MSU-induced neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, caspase-1 and NLRP3 expression in mice with peritoneal inflammation. In hyperuricemic mice, Madecassoside improved renal dysfunction. Serum uric acid, BUN, and creatinine were down-regulated by Madecassoside. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Madecassoside has potential to ameliorate inflammation in both acute gouty arthritis model and peritonitis model, probably via regulating IL-1β and NLRP3 expression. Practical point: Madecassoside also exhibited a urate-lowering effect and a renal protective effect in hyperuricemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Runming Zeng
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Jing Lin
- b Department of Oncology , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Jun Hu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Zhijie Rong
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Weicai Xu
- a Department of Orthopedic Surgery , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Zewa Liu
- b Department of Oncology , The First Affiliate Hospital of Shantou University Medical College , Shantou , China
| | - Wanting Zeng
- c Division of Medicine , University College London , London , United Kingdom
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16
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Shen X, Guo M, Yu H, Liu D, Lu Z, Lu Y. Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:561-568. [PMID: 30452312 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1547627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Madecassoside is a major pentacyclic triterpene saponin from Centella asiatica with multiple pharmaceutical activities. In this study, we focused on its Propionibacterium acnes related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities, both of which play important roles in skin homeostasis and barrier function. Madecassoside significantly inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TLR2 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in P. acnes stimulated THP-1 human monocytic cells. In addition, madecasssoside exhibited significant effects on enhancement of skin hydration through increasing the key moisturizing contributors of aquaporin-3, loricrin and involucrin in HaCaT keratinocytes as well as hyaluronan (HA) secretion in human dermal fibroblasts. The upregulation of HA synthases (HAS1, HAS2, HAS3) and inhibition to ROS formation accounted for the increment of HA content. Together, the in vitro study implied the potential medical and cosmetic application of madecassoside in skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Shen
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- b Technology Center , Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Lu
- b Technology Center , Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Yu WG, Shen Y, Wu JZ, Gao YB, Zhang LX. Madecassoside impedes invasion of rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocyte from adjuvant arthritis rats via inhibition of NF-κB-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:330-8. [PMID: 29860993 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through aggressive migration and invasion. Madecassoside (Madec), a triterpenoid saponin present in Centella asiatica herbs, has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, Madec exerted an obvious therapeutic effect in reversing the histological lesions in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. To recognize the anti-rheumatoid potentials of Madec, we further investigated whether Madec interfered with FLS invasion and metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In cultures of primary FLS isolated from the AIA rats, Madec (10 and 30 μmol·L-1) was proven to considerably inhibit migration and invasion of FLS induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β), but exhibiting no obvious effect on cell proliferation. Madec repressed IL-1β-triggered FLS invasion by prohibiting the expression of MMP-13. Additionally, Madec suppressed MMP-13 transcription via inhibiting the MMP-13 promoter-binding activity of NF-κB. Our results further showed that Madec down-regulated the translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB as demonstrated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. In conclusion, our results suggest that Madec exerts anti-RA activity via inhibiting the NF-κB/MMP-13 pathway.
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Wang W, Wu L, Li Q, Zhang Z, Xu L, Lin C, Gao L, Zhao K, Liang F, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Jiang W. Madecassoside prevents acute liver failure in LPS/D-GalN-induced mice by inhibiting p38/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1137-1145. [PMID: 29715757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassoside (MA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Centella asiatica, exerts various pharmacological activities including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of MA in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver failure(ALF) in mice. We hypothesized that MA administration may decrease the degree of liver injury caused by LPS/D-GalN. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis by treating a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury with MA. Our study demonstrated that MA (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) treatment for 10 days attenuated LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by protecting liver function, suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and recovering antioxidant enzyme activity. MA also significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and eukaryotic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, MA treatment enhanced protein levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) through the upregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated liver injury. These results suggest that MA is a promising agent for the treatment of LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury that could serve as a candidate for the development of a hepatoprotective drug against ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qing Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liba Xu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kaili Zhao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weizhe Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Luo Y, Wang C, Li WH, Liu J, He HH, Long JH, Yang J, Sui X, Wang S, You Z, Wang YA. Madecassoside protects BV2 microglial cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury via inhibition of the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1679:144-54. [PMID: 29198964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, the authors reported that madecassoside (MA) exerted a potent neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, mediated by anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. However, the cellular and molecular bases for its neuroprotective effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, an in vitro ischemic model of oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to investigate the role of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of MA. BV2 microglia viability after OGD/R, treated with or without MA, was measured using the MTT assay. Messenger RNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA after OGD/R or lipopolysaccharide treatment. Expression of TLR4/MyD88 and NF-κB p65 were measured using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. MA significantly rescued OGD/R-induced cytotoxicity in BV2 microglia. Meanwhile, MA suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, induced by OGD/R or lipopolysaccharide in BV2 microglia. The mechanism of its neuroprotection and anti-inflammation from OGD/R may involve the inhibition of activation of TLR4 and MyD88 in BV2 microglia, and the blockage of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. MA exhibited a significant neuroprotective effect against I/R injury in both in vivo and in vitro experiments by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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OuYang Q, Pan Y, Luo H, Xuan C, Liu J, Liu J. MAD ointment ameliorates Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:369-376. [PMID: 27540765 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic auto-immune inflammation disease with skin lesions and abnormal keratinocyte proliferation. The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Madecassoside (MAD) was the most important constituents isolated from Centella asiatica, which has long been used in dermatology, and it is supposed that MAD may have effects on psoriasis. In the present study, the BALB/c mice ear and back skin received IMQ for 6 consecutive days to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. MAD ointment was applied 6h later after IMQ treatment, and the IL-23/IL-17 pathway was investigated. The HE staining, BrdU and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were used to score the severity of keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation of the skin. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the IL-23/IL-17 related cytokines. Flow Cytometry were applied to observe the numbers of Th17 cells. Daily application of IMQ for 6days on mouse ear skin and back skin induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Real-time PCR showed that mRNA level of IL-23, IL-22, IL-17A were significantly decreased by MAD ointment treatment in ear skin. HE staining and BrdU incorporation implied that MAD ointment reduced keratinocyte proliferation. Flow Cytometry results showed MAD ointment decreased the numbers of Th17 cells. Thus, MAD ointment ameliorates Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation and abnormal keratinocyte through regulate the IL-23/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong OuYang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - YaQian Pan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - HanQiong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - ChunXiao Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - JinE Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Li Z, You K, Li J, Wang Y, Xu H, Gao B, Wang J. Madecassoside suppresses proliferation and invasiveness of HGF-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PKC-cMET-ERK1/2-COX-2-PGE2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016;33:24-32. [PMID: 26851630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that Madecassoside (MAD), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asitica (L.), was used as a therapeutic agent in wound healing and also as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities and anti-aging agent. However, its role in cancer has not been elucidated. In our present study, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced the phosphorylation of its corresponding receptor cMET, increased expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells lines (HepG2 and SMMC-77), and this effect was inhibited by MAD in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MAD exhibited significant anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effect in HGF-induced HepG2 and SMMC-77 cells. Moreover, MAD inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and the protein kinase C (PKC) activity in HGF-induced HepG2 and SMMC-77 cells. This conclusion was consistent with the effect of selective COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) and knockdown of COX-2 by siRNA on attenuating the proliferation and invasiveness potential, and over-expression of COX-2 on abolishing the effects of MAD on proliferation and invasiveness potential, and was also in parallel with the effect of PKC inhibitor (Bisindolylmaleimide) on inhibiting PKC activity, MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) inhibited MEK/ERK1/2 pathways in HGF-induced HepG2 and SMMC-77 cells. Collectively, MAD could inhibit the HGF-activated proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells via regulating the activation of cMET-PKC-ERK1/2-COX-2-PGE2 cascade, which indicated that MAD might help control HGF-linked HCC.
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Wang T, Leng DD, Gao FF, Jiang CJ, Xia YF, Dai Y. A LC-ESI-MS method for the simultaneous determination of madecassoside and its metabolite madecassic acid in rat plasma: comparison pharmacokinetics in normal and collagen-induced arthritic rats. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:943-51. [PMID: 25556066 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To develop a simple and highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of madecassoside and its major metabolite madecassic acid in rat plasma, and compare the pharmacokinetics of the two compounds in normal and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Glycyrrhetinic acid was used as the internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Inertsil ODS-3 column, using a gradient elution with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water acidified with 0.1% (V/V) formic acid. Detection was achieved by ESI-MS under the negative selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. In normal and CIA rats, madecassoside (30 mg·kg(-1)) was orally administered for 21 consecutive days from the day of arthritis onset. For madecassoside, the linear range was 10-1 000 ng·mL(-1) with the square regression coefficient (r) of 0.998 9, while for madecassic acid, the linear range was 10-500 ng·mL(-1) with the square regression coefficient (r) of 0.996 1. The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng·mL(-1) for both analytes. The intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 1.78% to 13.42% for madecassoside and 2.30% to 14.90% for madecassic acid, and the accuracy was between -0.95% and 6.30% for madecassoside and between -1.48% and 5.34% for madecassic acid. The average recoveries of madecassoside, madecassic acid and IS from spiked plasma samples were > 81%. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of madecassoside and madecassic acid in rats after an oral administration of madecassoside. During initial 7 days of dosing, the cmax and AUC of madecassoside were greatly decreased and Vd/F was markedly increased in CIA rats, and no significant difference was observed on the first day of dosing. In contrast, the T1/2, cmax and AUC of madecassic acid were significantly increased, and Ke of madecassic acid was greatly decreased in CIA rats compared with normal rats. Along with repeated administration of madecassoside, the differences of pharmacokinetic parameters of both madecassoside and madecassic acid between CIA and normal rats gradually subsided. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of both madecassoside and madecassic acid in rats were significantly altered by arthritis status, and the differences of pharmacokinetic parameters between arthritis and normal rats coincide with the severity of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Leng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fei-Fei Gao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chun-Jie Jiang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xia
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Lin X, Zhang S, Huang R, Wei L, Tan S, Liang C, Lv S, Chen Y, Liang S, Tian Y, Lu Z, Huang Q. Protective effect of madecassoside against cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:434-42. [PMID: 25106808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of madecassoside from Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides against cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose (D-gal) in mice. The result revealed that treatment with madecassoside significantly reversed D-gal-induced learning and memory impairments, as measured by the Morris water-maze test. Studies on the potential mechanisms of this action showed that madecassoside significantly reduced oxidative stress and suppress inflammatory responses via blocking NF-κB and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, madecassoside markedly attenuated the content and deposition of β-amyloid peptide by inducing a decrease in the expression of amyloid protein precursor, β-site amyloid cleaving enzyme-1 and cathepsin B and an increase in the levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme. Madecassoside significantly increased the expression of synapse plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, such as postsynaptic density 95, long-term potentiation, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, NMDA receptor subunit 1, protein kinase C, protein kinase A, cAMP-response element binding protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In addition, madecassoside significantly increased the levels of acetylcholine but decreased cholinesterase activity. In conclusion, the protective effect of madecassoside against d-gal-induced cognitive impairment was mainly due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage, improve synaptic plasticity and restore cholinergic function. These findings suggest that madecassoside can be considered as a potential agent for preventing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shimei Tan
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | | | - Shujuan Lv
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yongxin Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yuanchun Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Zhongpeng Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China; Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU - Langone Medical Center, USA
| | - Quanfang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China.
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Luo Y, Yang YP, Liu J, Li WH, Yang J, Sui X, Yuan X, Nie ZY, Liu YQ, Chen D, Lin SH, Wang YA. Neuroprotective effects of madecassoside against focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1565:37-47. [PMID: 24735651 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Madecassoside, a triterpenoid derivative isolated from Centella asiatica, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated its neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in cerebral neurons in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Madecassoside (6, 12, or 24mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 1h after the start of reperfusion, and neurological deficit score and infarct volume were evaluated 24h later. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by performing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and pathological brain damage was estimated by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione levels, and nitric oxide levels were also determined. mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β/6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively; NF-κB p65 expression was determined by western blotting. Madecassoside significantly reduced brain infarct area, resolved neurological deficit, and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis. It also significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and augmented the antioxidant activity in rats subjected to cerebral I/R. Moreover, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB p65 significantly reduced after madecassoside treatment. These results indicate that madecassoside is neuroprotective and may be useful in reducing the damage caused by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Hua Li
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Nie
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Qin Liu
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Beijing Suliman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hui Lin
- Beijing Suliman Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yong-An Wang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Leng DD, Han WJ, Rui Y, Dai Y, Xia YF. In vivo disposition and metabolism of madecassoside, a major bioactive constituent in Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:601-608. [PMID: 24091240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. herb is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine for many indications, such as traumatic injuries, keloid and scar. Madecassoside is the main active ingredient of this herb drug with higher content than other triterpenoid constituents. Understandings of pharmacokinetic profiles of madecassoside should be beneficial for its development as a therapeutic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously and orally administered madecassoside (100 mg/kg), respectively. Plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, bile, urine and feces were collected at the designed time points. Madecassoside concentrations in biological samples were determined by a sensitive and well-validated liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method. A liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) method was established to identify its major metabolites in feces. To further pursue the disposition characteristics of madecassoside in rats, the involvement of the hepatobiliary efflux transporters in biliary elimination were studied by combination with digoxin (P-glycoprotein inhibitor) or probenecid (multidrug resistance-associated protein inhibitor). A linked-rat model was also used to assess the role of enterohepatic circulation in the pharmacokinetics of madecassoside. RESULTS After a single oral dosing, madecassoside was widely distributed in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of rats, and the levels of madecassoside in liver and kidney were relatively higher than other organs. The excretions of madecassoside in bile, urine and feces were 7.16% (0-12 h), 0.25% (0-72 h) and 24.68% (0-72 h), respectively. The findings suggested that madecassoside might excrete mainly by metabolites. The combination with either digoxin or probenecid significantly attenuated the excretion of madecassoside as parent from bile, indicating that P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein might contribute to the hepatobiliary elimination of madecassoside. The presence of enterohepatic circulation, as implied by double-humped profiles in plasma and tissue concentration-time curves, was confirmed by a linked-rat model. Furthermore, three metabolities of madecassoside were indentified in rat feces and the possible metabolic pathways were proposed. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide valuable information regarding in vivo process of madecassoside, and help us to recognize the efficacy and safety of madecassoside itself, the relevant herbs or herbal preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-dan Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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