1
|
Panina YS, Domoratskaya EA, Paramonova AI, Dmitrenko DV. Study of the role of carriage of single nucleotide variants of the IL-1β, TNFA, BDNF, NTRK-2 genes in the development and clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-5-28-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults with a high rate of drug-resistant course. In the Russian Federation studies of the contribution of the carriage of single nucleotide variants of genes (SNGs) encoding proteins of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration to the development of TE have not been previously carried out.Objective: to study the association of SNGs rs16944 and rs1143634 of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 of the TNFA gene, rs6265 of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 of the NTRK-2 gene with the risk of development, clinical and neuroimaging features of TE.Patients and methods. The study included 166 patients with TE and 203 healthy volunteers living in the Siberian Federal District. The study included clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, and laboratory work-up. Investigation of the carriage of SNGs rs16944 (-511T/C) and rs1143634 (+3954C/T) of the IL-1β gene, rs1800629 (G-308A) of the TNFA gene, rs6265 (G/A) of the BDNF gene, rs3780645 (C/T) and rs2289656 (C/T) of the NTRK-2 gene was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results and discussion. The prognostically unfavorable role of carriage of the A allele and the GA rs1800629 genotype of the TNFA gene in the development of TE, the GA rs6265 genotype of the BDNF gene in the development of TE with hippocampal sclerosis was established. Carrying the genotype AA rs1800629 of the TNFA gene in patients with TE reduces the risk of polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs.Conclusion. The study of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration processes is important both from a physiological point of view and from the point of view of searching for the TE development markers, which make it possible to predict and evaluate the rate of disease progression, help to determine the tactics of treatment, and evaluate its effectiveness. In this regard, at present, the identification of potential genetic markers remains a task of high priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. S. Panina
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. A. Domoratskaya
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. I. Paramonova
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D. V. Dmitrenko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk Medical State University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Louis S, Busch RM, Lal D, Hockings J, Hogue O, Morita-Sherman M, Vegh D, Najm I, Ghosh C, Bazeley P, Eng C, Jehi L, Rotroff DM. Genetic and molecular features of seizure-freedom following surgical resections for focal epilepsy: A pilot study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:942643. [PMID: 36188379 PMCID: PMC9524264 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.942643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Seizure outcomes after brain surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) are very heterogeneous and difficult to predict with models utilizing the current clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological variables. In this pilot study, we investigated whether genetic and molecular biomarkers (e.g., genomic, transcriptomic) can provide additional insight into differential response to surgery. Methods Post-operative seizure-outcomes were collected at last follow-up (>6 months) for 201 adult patients with DRE who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2020. Resected tissue was sent for miRNA sequencing (n = 132) and mRNA sequencing (n = 135). Following the selection of 10 genes (SCN1A, NBEA, PTEN, GABRA1, LGL1, DEPDC5, IL1A, ABCB1, C3, CALHM1), we investigated SNPs in those 10 genes from previously acquired exome sequencing data (n = 106). Logistic regression was performed to test for associations between individual features (mRNAs, miRNAs, and SNPs) and post-operative seizure-outcome with an exploratory FDR P < 0.25 as the threshold for significance. Post-operative time-to-seizure analyses were performed for each SNP using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The majority of patients (83%) had temporal lobe epilepsy. Mean age at surgery was 38.3 years, and 56% were female. Three SNPs (rs10276036, rs11975994, rs1128503) in multi-drug resistance gene, ABCB1, were associated with post-operative seizure outcomes. Patients with alternate alleles in ABCB1 were more likely to be seizure-free at last follow-up (52–56% reduction in seizure recurrence; FDR P = 0.24). All three SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium and highly correlated with each other. Median post-operative time-to-seizure was 63 months for patients with 2 alternate alleles, 24–33 months with 1 alternate allele, and 10–11 months with 0 alternate alleles. These SNPs improved outcome prediction beyond MRI and sex alone. No independent miRNAs or mRNAs were significantly associated with seizure-outcome (P > 0.05). However, pathway analysis identified “cancer drug resistance by drug efflux” (mir-154 and mir-379) as enriched (P = 0.02), supporting the role of drug response genes in post-operative seizure recurrence. Significance ABCB1 may have a role in epileptogenesis and surgery outcomes independent of its drug efflux activity necessitating further investigation. SNPs in ABCB1 may serve as independent predictors of post-operative outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Louis
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Robyn M. Busch
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Hockings
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Olivia Hogue
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marcia Morita-Sherman
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Deborah Vegh
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Imad Najm
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Charis Eng
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Community Care and Population Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lara Jehi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Lara Jehi
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel M. Rotroff
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cellular, molecular, and therapeutic characterization of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19102. [PMID: 34580351 PMCID: PMC8476594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have expanded our understanding of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, translating these to cell-specific druggable hypotheses is not explored. Herein, we conducted an integrative insilico-analysis of an available transcriptomics dataset obtained from animals with pilocarpine-induced-TLE. A set of 119 genes with subtle-to-moderate impact predicted most forms of epilepsy with ~ 97% accuracy and characteristically mapped to upregulated homeostatic and downregulated synaptic pathways. The deconvolution of cellular proportions revealed opposing changes in diverse cell types. The proportion of nonneuronal cells increased whereas that of interneurons, except for those expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip), decreased, and pyramidal neurons of the cornu-ammonis (CA) subfields showed the highest variation in proportion. A probabilistic Bayesian-network demonstrated an aberrant and oscillating physiological interaction between nonneuronal cells involved in the blood–brain-barrier and Vip interneurons in driving seizures, and their role was evaluated insilico using transcriptomic changes induced by valproic-acid, which showed opposing effects in the two cell-types. Additionally, we revealed novel epileptic and antiepileptic mechanisms and predicted drugs using causal inference, outperforming the present drug repurposing approaches. These well-powered findings not only expand the understanding of TLE and seizure oscillation, but also provide predictive biomarkers of epilepsy, cellular and causal micro-circuitry changes associated with it, and a drug-discovery method focusing on these events.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao H, Chen Z, Wu J, Chen J, Chen Y, Fu J, Sun C, Zhou H, Zhong W, Zhou X, Li K. DNA Methylation Signature of Epileptic Encephalopathy-Related Pathogenic Genes Encoding Ion Channels in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:692412. [PMID: 34393975 PMCID: PMC8358672 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.692412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by highly abnormal synchronous discharge of brain neurons, and ion channels are fundamental in the generation and modulation of neural excitability. Considering that abnormal methylation can either activate or repress genes, this study was designed to explore the DNA methylation signature of pathogenic genes encoding ion channels in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In total, 38 TLE patients and 38 healthy controls were enrolled in the study, and genomic DNA and total protein of the lymphocytes were extracted from peripheral blood samples to assess methylation and protein levels. The DNA methylation levels of all 12 genes examined were significantly lower in the TLE group than in the control group. After false-positive correction, 83.3% (10/12) of these genes, namely, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1 (GABRB1), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta2 (GABRB2), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1 (GABRB3), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 (GRIN1), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A (GRIN2A), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (GRIN2B), hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 (HCN1), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 (KCNA2), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 (KCNB1), and potassium sodium-activated channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1), were still differentially expressed. Among these ion channels, HCN1 and KCNA2 were selected to evaluate the effects of DNA methylation, and the levels of these proteins were inversely upregulated in the TLE group compared to the control group. As the genes identified as having differential methylation levels are involved in both excitatory and inhibitory ion channels, this study observed by binary logistic regression that hypermethylated GARAB1 was an independent risk factor for TLE, indicating that the overwhelming effect of ion channels on TLE is probably inhibitory from the perspective of DNA methylation. All these findings support the involvement of DNA methylation in TLE pathologies, but the mechanisms need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zengqiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianhao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiawu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chaowen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wangtao Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Neurology & Neurosurgery Division, Stroke Center, Clinical Medicine Research Institute & The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Panina YS, Dmitrenko DV, Shnaider NA, Egorova EV, Usoltseva AA. Association of the carriage of IL-1B rs1143634 and rs16944 polymorphisms and BDNF rs6265 polymorphism with temporal lobe epilepsy. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2-46-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. S. Panina
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - D. V. Dmitrenko
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - N. A. Shnaider
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;
V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. V. Egorova
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. A. Usoltseva
- Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Svob Strac D, Pivac N, Smolders IJ, Fogel WA, De Deurwaerdere P, Di Giovanni G. Monoaminergic Mechanisms in Epilepsy May Offer Innovative Therapeutic Opportunity for Monoaminergic Multi-Target Drugs. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:492. [PMID: 27891070 PMCID: PMC5102907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of experimental and clinical evidence has strongly suggested that monoamines play an important role in regulating epileptogenesis, seizure susceptibility, convulsions, and comorbid psychiatric disorders commonly seen in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, neither the relative significance of individual monoamines nor their interaction has yet been fully clarified due to the complexity of these neurotransmitter systems. In addition, epilepsy is diverse, with many different seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, and the role played by monoamines may vary from one condition to another. In this review, we will focus on the role of serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, histamine, and melatonin in epilepsy. Recent experimental, clinical, and genetic evidence will be reviewed in consideration of the mutual relationship of monoamines with the other putative neurotransmitters. The complexity of epileptic pathogenesis may explain why the currently available drugs, developed according to the classic drug discovery paradigm of "one-molecule-one-target," have turned out to be effective only in a percentage of PWE. Although, no antiepileptic drugs currently target specifically monoaminergic systems, multi-target directed ligands acting on different monoaminergic proteins, present on both neurons and glia cells, may represent a new approach in the management of seizures, and their generation as well as comorbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilse J. Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopes MW, Sapio MR, Leal RB, Fricker LD. Knockdown of Carboxypeptidase A6 in Zebrafish Larvae Reduces Response to Seizure-Inducing Drugs and Causes Changes in the Level of mRNAs Encoding Signaling Molecules. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152905. [PMID: 27050163 PMCID: PMC4822968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is an extracellular matrix metallocarboxypeptidase that modulates peptide and protein function by removal of hydrophobic C-terminal amino acids. Mutations in the human CPA6 gene that reduce enzymatic activity in the extracellular matrix are associated with febrile seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. The characterization of these human mutations suggests a dominant mode of inheritance by haploinsufficiency through loss of function mutations, however the total number of humans with pathologic mutations in CPA6 identified to date remains small. To better understand the relationship between CPA6 and seizures we investigated the effects of morpholino knockdown of cpa6 mRNA in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA resulted in resistance to the effect of seizure-inducing drugs pentylenetetrazole and pilocarpine on swimming behaviors. Knockdown of cpa6 mRNA also reduced the levels of mRNAs encoding neuropeptide precursors (bdnf, npy, chga, pcsk1nl, tac1, nts, edn1), a neuropeptide processing enzyme (cpe), transcription factor (c-fos), and molecules implicated in glutamatergic signaling (grin1a and slc1a2b). Treatment of zebrafish embryos with 60 mM pilocarpine for 1 hour led to reductions in levels of many of the same mRNAs when measured 1 day after pilocarpine exposure, except for c-fos which was elevated 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Pilocarpine treatment, like cpa6 knockdown, led to a reduced sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole when tested 1 day after pilocarpine treatment. Taken together, these results add to mounting evidence that peptidergic systems participate in the biological effects of seizure-inducing drugs, and are the first in vivo demonstration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of cpa6 insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark William Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo B. Leal
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lloyd D. Fricker
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ricos MG, Hodgson BL, Pippucci T, Saidin A, Ong YS, Heron SE, Licchetta L, Bisulli F, Bayly MA, Hughes J, Baldassari S, Palombo F, Santucci M, Meletti S, Berkovic SF, Rubboli G, Thomas PQ, Scheffer IE, Tinuper P, Geoghegan J, Schreiber AW, Dibbens LM. Mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulators NPRL2 and NPRL3 cause focal epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:120-31. [PMID: 26505888 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focal epilepsies are the most common form observed and have not generally been considered to be genetic in origin. Recently, we identified mutations in DEPDC5 as a cause of familial focal epilepsy. In this study, we investigated whether mutations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulators, NPRL2 and NPRL3, also contribute to cases of focal epilepsy. METHODS We used targeted capture and next-generation sequencing to analyze 404 unrelated probands with focal epilepsy. We performed exome sequencing on two families with multiple members affected with focal epilepsy and linkage analysis on one of these. RESULTS In our cohort of 404 unrelated focal epilepsy patients, we identified five mutations in NPRL2 and five in NPRL3. Exome sequencing analysis of two families with focal epilepsy identified NPRL2 and NPRL3 as the top candidate-causative genes. Some patients had focal epilepsy associated with brain malformations. We also identified 18 new mutations in DEPDC5. INTERPRETATION We have identified NPRL2 and NPRL3 as two new focal epilepsy genes that also play a role in the mTOR-signaling pathway. Our findings show that mutations in GATOR1 complex genes are the most significant cause of familial focal epilepsy identified to date, including cases with brain malformations. It is possible that deregulation of cellular growth control plays a more important role in epilepsy than is currently recognized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ricos
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bree L Hodgson
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Akzam Saidin
- Novocraft Technologies Sdn Bhd, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yeh Sze Ong
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Heron
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta A Bayly
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sara Baldassari
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Palombo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Santucci
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Danish Epilepsy Center, Filadelfia/University of Copenhagen, Dianalund, Denmark.,IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Neurology Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul Q Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Joel Geoghegan
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas W Schreiber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne M Dibbens
- Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Molecular Neurogenomics Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thom M. Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:520-43. [PMID: 24762203 PMCID: PMC4265206 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pathology encountered in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) as well as other epilepsy syndromes and in both surgical and post-mortem practice. The 2013 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification segregates HS into typical (type 1) and atypical (type 2 and 3) groups, based on the histological patterns of subfield neuronal loss and gliosis. In addition, granule cell reorganization and alterations of interneuronal populations, neuropeptide fibre networks and mossy fibre sprouting are distinctive features of HS associated with epilepsies; they can be useful diagnostic aids to discriminate from other causes of HS, as well as highlighting potential mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis. The cause of HS remains elusive and may be multifactorial; the contribution of febrile seizures, genetic susceptibility, inflammatory and neurodevelopmental factors are discussed. Post-mortem based research in HS, as an addition to studies on surgical samples, has the added advantage of enabling the study of the wider network changes associated with HS, the long-term effects of epilepsy on the pathology and associated comorbidities. It is likely that HS is heterogeneous in aspects of its cause, epileptogenetic mechanisms, network alterations and response to medical and surgical treatments. Future neuropathological studies will contribute to better recognition and understanding of these clinical and patho-aetiological subtypes of HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thom
- Departments of Neuropathology and Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Manna I, Labate A, Mumoli L, Ferlazzo E, Aguglia U, Quattrone A, Gambardella A. No evidence for a role of the coding variant of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene in temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2013; 22:791-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
|
11
|
Therapeutic potential of GABA(B) receptor ligands in drug addiction, anxiety, depression and other CNS disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:174-84. [PMID: 23872369 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, respectively in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation, in any of these or both, has been implicated in various CNS disorders. GABA acts via ionotropic (GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptor) and metabotropic (GABA(B)) receptor. Dysregulation of GABAergic signaling and alteration in GABA(B) receptor expression has been implicated in various CNS disorders. Clinically, baclofen-a GABA(B) receptor agonist is available for the treatment of spasticity, dystonia etc., associated with various neurological disorders. Moreover, GABAB receptor ligands has also been suggested to be beneficial in various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The present review is aimed to discuss the role of GABA(B) receptors and the possible outcomes of GABA(B) receptor modulation in CNS disorders.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sapio MR, Salzmann A, Vessaz M, Crespel A, Lyons PJ, Malafosse A, Fricker LD. Naturally occurring carboxypeptidase A6 mutations: effect on enzyme function and association with epilepsy. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42900-9. [PMID: 23105115 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.414094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6) is a member of the A/B subfamily of M14 metallocarboxypeptidases that is expressed in brain and many other tissues during development. Recently, two mutations in human CPA6 were associated with febrile seizures and/or temporal lobe epilepsy. In this study we screened for additional CPA6 mutations in patients with febrile seizures and focal epilepsy, which encompasses the temporal lobe epilepsy subtype. Mutations found from this analysis as well as CPA6 mutations reported in databases of single nucleotide polymorphisms were further screened by analysis of the modeled proCPA6 protein structure and the functional role of the mutated amino acid. The point mutations predicted to affect activity and/or protein folding were tested by expression of the mutant in HEK293 cells and analysis of the resulting CPA6 protein. Common polymorphisms in CPA6 were also included in this analysis. Several mutations resulted in reduced enzyme activity or CPA6 protein levels in the extracellular matrix. The mutants with reduced extracellular CPA6 protein levels showed normal levels of 50-kDa proCPA6 in the cell, and this could be converted into 37-kDa CPA6 by trypsin, suggesting that protein folding was not greatly affected by the mutations. Interestingly, three of the mutations that reduced extracellular CPA6 protein levels were found in patients with epilepsy. Taken together, these results provide further evidence for the involvement of CPA6 mutations in human epilepsy and reveal additional rare mutations that inactivate CPA6 and could, therefore, also be associated with epileptic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Bronx, New York 10461,USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|