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Jiang D, Guo J, Liu Y, Li W, Lu D. Glycolysis: an emerging regulator of osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327852. [PMID: 38264652 PMCID: PMC10803532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been a leading cause of disability in the elderly and there remains a lack of effective therapeutic approaches as the mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression have yet to be elucidated. As OA progresses, cellular metabolic profiles and energy production are altered, and emerging metabolic reprogramming highlights the importance of specific metabolic pathways in disease progression. As a crucial part of glucose metabolism, glycolysis bridges metabolic and inflammatory dysfunctions. Moreover, the glycolytic pathway is involved in different areas of metabolism and inflammation, and is associated with a variety of transcription factors. To date, it has not been fully elucidated whether the changes in the glycolytic pathway and its associated key enzymes are associated with the onset or progression of OA. This review summarizes the important role of glycolysis in mediating cellular metabolic reprogramming in OA and its role in inducing tissue inflammation and injury, with the aim of providing further insights into its pathological functions and proposing new targets for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingming Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingquan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Linping District Nanyuan Street Community Health Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Liu D, Wang H, Li X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Hu J. Small molecule inhibitors for cancer metabolism: promising prospects to be explored. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:8051-8076. [PMID: 37002510 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal metabolism is the main hallmark of cancer, and cancer metabolism plays an important role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, studying the changes of tumor metabolic pathways is beneficial to find targets for the treatment of cancer diseases. The success of metabolism-targeted chemotherapy suggests that cancer metabolism research will provide potential new targets for the treatment of malignant tumors. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on targeted inhibitors of tumor metabolism. In addition, we summarized new insights into tumor metabolic reprogramming and discussed how to guide the exploration of new strategies for cancer-targeted therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer cells have shown various altered metabolic pathways, providing sufficient fuel for their survival. The combination of these pathways is considered to be a more useful method for screening multilateral pathways. Better understanding of the clinical research progress of small molecule inhibitors of potential targets of tumor metabolism will help to explore more effective cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - HongPing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - XingXing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - JiFang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - YanLing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Patil N, Howe O, Cahill P, Byrne HJ. Monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway: A review and future perspectives. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101635. [PMID: 36379354 PMCID: PMC9703637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dynamics of the cellular glycolysis pathway underpin cellular function and dysfunction, and therefore ultimately health, disease, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Evolving our understanding of this fundamental process and its dynamics remains critical. SCOPE OF REVIEW This paper reviews the medical relevance of glycolytic pathway in depth and explores the current state of the art for monitoring and modelling the dynamics of the process. The future perspectives of label free, vibrational microspectroscopic techniques to overcome the limitations of the current approaches are considered. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Vibrational microspectroscopic techniques can potentially operate in the niche area of limitations of other omics technologies for non-destructive, real-time, in vivo label-free monitoring of glycolysis dynamics at a cellular and subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Patil
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland; School of Physics and Optometric & Clinical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Orla Howe
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Paul Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland
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4
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Zhao Y, Chard Dunmall LS, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Si L. Natural products targeting glycolysis in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036502. [PMID: 36386122 PMCID: PMC9663463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many energy metabolism pathways exist in cancer, including glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. Tumor cells mainly generate energy through glycolysis to maintain growth and biosynthesis of tumor cells under aerobic conditions. Natural products regulate many steps in glycolysis and targeting glycolysis using natural products is a promising approach to cancer treatment. In this review, we exemplify the relationship between glycolysis and tumors, demonstrate the natural products that have been discovered to target glycolysis for cancer treatment and clarify the mechanisms involved in their actions. Natural products, such as resveratrol mostly found in red grape skin, licochalcone A derived from root of Glycyrrhiza inflate, and brusatol found in Brucea javanica and Brucea mollis, largely derived from plant or animal material, can affect glycolysis pathways in cancer by targeting glycolytic enzymes and related proteins, oncogenes, and numerous glycolytic signal proteins. Knowledge of how natural products regulate aerobic glycolysis will help illuminate the mechanisms by which these products can be used as therapeutics to inhibit cancer cell growth and regulate cellular metabolism. Systematic Review Registration: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, https://clinicaltrials.gov/, http://lib.zzu.edu.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingling Si
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kubik J, Humeniuk E, Adamczuk G, Madej-Czerwonka B, Korga-Plewko A. Targeting Energy Metabolism in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105572. [PMID: 35628385 PMCID: PMC9146201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases. The development of molecular and biochemical techniques has expanded the knowledge of changes occurring in specific metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Increased aerobic glycolysis, the promotion of anaplerotic responses, and especially the dependence of cells on glutamine and fatty acid metabolism have become subjects of study. Despite many cancer treatment strategies, many patients with neoplastic diseases cannot be completely cured due to the development of resistance in cancer cells to currently used therapeutic approaches. It is now becoming a priority to develop new treatment strategies that are highly effective and have few side effects. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the enzymes involved in the different steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway, and possible targeted therapies. The review also focuses on presenting the differences between cancer cells and normal cells in terms of metabolic phenotype. Knowledge of cancer cell metabolism is constantly evolving, and further research is needed to develop new strategies for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kubik
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-65-20
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Barbara Madej-Czerwonka
- Human Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (G.A.); (A.K.-P.)
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Cheuk IW, Chen J, Siu M, Ho JC, Lam SS, Shin VY, Kwong A. Resveratrol enhanced chemosensitivity by reversing macrophage polarization in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:854-863. [PMID: 34859370 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, has been shown to inhibit cancer growth by targeting several cancer-related signalling pathways. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant leukocyte population that are associated with poor prognosis in over 80% of breast cancer cases. However, little is known about the effect of resveratrol in the TME. METHODS In this study, MDA-MB-231(MB231), cisplatin resistance MDA-MB-231 (cisR), and T47D were used to examine the antitumor effect of resveratrol. The effectiveness of resveratrol, together with cisplatin as breast cancer treatment was investigated in vivo. Gene expressions of M1 (iNOS and CXCL10) and M2 (ARG1, CD163 and MRC1) markers in differentiated macrophages derived from THP-1 cells were examined to investigate the effect of resveratrol on TAM polarization in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that resveratrol significantly reduced cell proliferation and enhanced chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells by inhibiting production of IL-6 and STAT3 activation. Treatment of resveratrol increased CXCL10 (M1 marker) expression. Further, resveratrol decreased IL-6 levels in LPS-treated differentiated macrophages. The use of resveratrol with cisplatin inhibited suppressed tumor growth when compared with cisplatin alone. CONCLUSION This study revealed that resveratrol inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation by promoting M1/M2 macrophage polarization ratio and suppressing IL-6/pSTAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Cheuk
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J C Ho
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S S Lam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Surgery, The Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Room K1401, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Jalali A, Dabaghian F, Zarshenas MM. Alkaloids of Peganum harmala: Anticancer Biomarkers with Promising Outcomes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:185-196. [PMID: 33238864 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201125103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious and growing global health issue worldwide. In the cancerous cells, the normal cell cycle has been disrupted via a series of irreversible changes. Recently, the investigations on herbal medicine and clarifying the phytochemicals potential in treat cancer has been increased. The combination of phytochemicals with conventional cancer treatment approaches can improve outcomes via advancing cell death, restraining cell proliferation and invasion, sensitizing cancerous cells, and promoting the immune system. Therefore, phytochemicals can be introduced as relevant complementary medicaments in cancer therapy. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) as a valuable medicinal herb, possesses various alkaloid ingredient. OBJECTIVE Pointing to the importance of new avenues for cancer management and P. harmala convincing effect in this field, this review strived to collect a frame to epitome possible scopes to develop novel medicines in cancer treatment. METHODS Keywords "Peganum harmala" and cancer, or chemotherapy, or anti-neoplasm were searched through the "Scopus" database up to 29th of February 2020. Papers linking to agriculture, chemistry, environmental, and genetics sciences were omitted and, papers centered on cancer were selected. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the current study, 42 related papers to cancer treatment and 22 papers on alkaloid bioactive components are collected from 72 papers. The β-carboline alkaloids derived from P. harmala, especially harmine, demonstrate notable anticancer properties by targeting apoptosis, autophagy, abnormal cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cytotoxicity. Based on the collected information, P. harmala holds significant anticancer activity. Considering the mechanism of the various anticancer drugs and their acting similarity to P. harmala, the alkaloids derived from this herb, particularly harmine, can introduce as a novel anticancer medicine solely or in adjuvant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jalali
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Dabaghian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang X, Li N, Han A, Wang Y, Lin Z, Yang Y. Ezrin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating glycolytic reprogramming. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4061-4074. [PMID: 32639665 PMCID: PMC7648033 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, one of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins, is involved in the formation of cell membrane processes and has been implicated in the promotion of cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, the possible role of ezrin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and glycolysis reprogramming has remained unclear. In this study, we found that ezrin was upregulated in HCC tissues, and its overexpression was linked with HCC patients' aggressive tumor characteristics and poor prognosis. Functional experiments further revealed that ezrin overexpression promoted HCC cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and angiogenesis. In addition, by measuring glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP levels and the expression of glucose metabolism-related markers in HCC cells, we investigated whether ezrin regulated glucose metabolism. Moreover, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) affected ezrin-mediated proliferation, migration and EMT of HCC cells, which suggested that ezrin may, at least in part, promote HCC progression by regulating glycolysis reprogramming. Based on our results, we proposed that ezrin was involved in HCC progression and may be a valid prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research CenterYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin ProvinceYanjiChina
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of VirologyWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research CenterYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin ProvinceYanjiChina
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research CenterYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin ProvinceYanjiChina
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research CenterYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin ProvinceYanjiChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research CenterYanbian University Medical CollegeYanjiChina
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin ProvinceYanjiChina
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Zhai K, Buhrmann C, Varghese E, Abotaleb M, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Kello M, Mojzis J, Zubor P, Kwon TK, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Sarria GR, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Flavonoids against the Warburg phenotype-concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine to cut the Gordian knot of cancer cell metabolism. EPMA J 2020; 11:377-398. [PMID: 32843908 PMCID: PMC7429635 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is characterised by increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion in cancer cells resulting from metabolic transformation in tumour tissue. The corresponding molecular pathways switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, due to changes in glucose degradation mechanisms known as the 'Warburg reprogramming' of cancer cells. Key glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters and transcription factors involved in the Warburg transformation are frequently dysregulated during carcinogenesis considered as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as treatment targets. Flavonoids are molecules with pleiotropic activities. The metabolism-regulating anticancer effects of flavonoids are broadly demonstrated in preclinical studies. Flavonoids modulate key pathways involved in the Warburg phenotype including but not limited to PKM2, HK2, GLUT1 and HIF-1. The corresponding molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of 'anti-Warburg' effects of flavonoids are discussed in this review article. The most prominent examples are provided for the potential application of targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in cancer management. Individualised profiling and patient stratification are presented as powerful tools for implementing targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in the context of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011 Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011 Australia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafarik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafarik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01001 Zilina, Slovak Republic
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 426 01 South Korea
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo R. Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
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Guo Y, Liang F, Zhao F, Zhao J. Resibufogenin suppresses tumor growth and Warburg effect through regulating miR-143-3p/HK2 axis in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:103-115. [PMID: 32006291 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence confirmed that the Warburg effect plays an important role involved in the progression of malignant tumors. Resibufogenin (RES) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in multiple malignant tumors. However, the mechanism of whether RES exerted an antitumor effect on breast cancer through regulating the Warburg effect is largely unknown. The effect of RES on glycolysis was determined by glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP generation, extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate in breast cancer cells. The total RNA and protein levels were respectively measured by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between miR-143-3p and HK2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. We also evaluated the influence of RES on the tumor growth and Warburg effect in vivo. RES treatment significantly decreased glycolysis, cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of both MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 cells. Simultaneously, the expression of HK2 was decreased in breast cancer cells treated with RES, which was positively associated with tumor size and glycolysis. Moreover, HK2 was a direct target gene of miR-143-3p. Mechanistically, upregulation of miR-143-3p by RES treatment inhibited tumor growth by downregulating HK2-mediated Warburg effect in breast cancer. Our findings suggested that RES exerted anti-tumorigenesis and anti-glycolysis activities in breast cancer through upregulating the inhibitory effect of miR-143-3p on HK2 expression, which provided a new potential strategy for breast cancer clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fuli Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated To Shandong University, Jingwu Road 324, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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In Vitro Evaluation of Chemically Analyzed Hypericum Triquetrifolium Extract Efficacy in Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest of the HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224139. [PMID: 31731693 PMCID: PMC6891740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived drugs and plant-based products are attractive commodities that are being explored for cancer treatment. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the role of Hypericum triquetrifolium (50% ethanol: 50% water) extract (HTE) treatment on apoptosis, cell cycle modulation, and cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). HTE induced cell death via an apoptotic process, as assayed by an Annexin V-Cy3 assay. Exposing HCT-116 cells to 0.064, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL of HTE for 24 h led to 50 ± 9%, 71.6 ± 8%, 85 ± 5%, and 96 ± 1.5% apoptotic cells, respectively. HCT-116 cells treated with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL HTE for 3 h resulted in 38.9 ± 1.5% and 57.2 ± 3% cleavage of caspase-3-specific substrate, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the HTE extract had no effect on mRNA levels of Apaf-1 and NOXA. Moreover, the addition of 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL HTE for 24 h was clearly shown to attenuate the cell cycle progression machinery in HCT-116 cells. GC/MS analysis of the extract identified 21 phytochemicals that are known as apoptosis inducers and cell cycle arrest agents. All the compounds detected are novel in H. triquetrifolium. These results suggest that HTE-induced apoptosis of human colon cells is mediated primarily through the caspase-dependent pathway. Thus, HTE appears to be a potent therapeutic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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Ampelopsin E Reduces the Invasiveness of the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142619. [PMID: 31323836 PMCID: PMC6680398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. It has two distinctive hallmarks: rapid abnormal growth and the ability to invade and metastasize. During metastasis, cancer cells are thought to form actin-rich protrusions, called invadopodia, which degrade the extracellular matrix. Current breast cancer treatments, particularly chemotherapy, comes with adverse effects like immunosuppression, resistance development and secondary tumour formation. Hence, naturally-occurring molecules claimed to be less toxic are being studied as new drug candidates. Ampelopsin E, a natural oligostilbene extracted from Dryobalanops species, has exhibited various pharmacological properties, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is yet no scientific evidence of the effects of ampelopsin E towards metastasis. Scratch assay, transwell migration and invasion assays, invadopodia and gelatin degradation assays, and ELISA were used to determine the effects of ampelopsin E towards the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells. Strikingly in this study, ampelopsin E was able to halt migration, transmigration and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells by reducing formation of invadopodia and its degradation capability through significant reduction (p < 0.05) in expression levels of PDGF, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP14. In conclusion, ampelopsin E reduced the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells and was proven to be a potential alternative in treating TNBC.
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Roy M, Liang L, Xiao X, Feng P, Ye M, Liu J. Lycorine: A prospective natural lead for anticancer drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:615-624. [PMID: 30114645 PMCID: PMC7127747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Outline of the anticancer properties and associated molecular mechanism mediated by lycorine. Comprehensive analysis of the structure activity relationship associated with anticancer activity of lycorine. Summary of the pharmacological aspects and implications for future directions with this compound.
Nature is the most abundant source for novel drug discovery. Lycorine is a natural alkaloid with immense therapeutic potential. Lycorine is active in a very low concentration and with high specificity against a number of cancers both in vivo and in vitro and against various drug-resistant cancer cells. This review summarized the therapeutic effect and the anticancer mechanisms of lycorine. At the same time, we have discussed the pharmacology and comparative structure-activity relationship for the anticancer activity of this compound. The researches outlined in this paper serve as a foundation to explain lycorine as an important lead compound for new generation anticancer drug design and provide the principle for the development of biological strategies to utilize lycorine in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Roy
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Tan ST, Ong HC, Chai TT, Wong FC. Identification of Potential Anticancer Protein Targets in Cytotoxicity Mediated by Tropical Medicinal Fern Extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:227-230. [PMID: 29720836 PMCID: PMC5909320 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_282_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Medicinal fern species represent a potentially important source for both food and medicinal applications. Previously, two underutilized tropical fern species (Blechnum orientale and Phymatopteris triloba) were reported with cytotoxic activities against selected cancer cell lines. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. Objective: In this paper, we reported the identification of six differentially expressed proteins isolated from cancer cells, following exposure to the cytotoxic fern extracts. Materials and Methods: The identities of these cancer proteins were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight protein sequencing. Results: The cancer proteins were identified as follows: elongation factor 1-γ, glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, heat shock protein 90-β, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-A2/B1, truncated nucleolar phosphoprotein B23, and tubulin-β chain. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first time these cancer proteins are being reported, following exposure to the aforementioned cytotoxic fern extracts. Conclusion: It is hoped that further efforts in this direction could lead to the identification and development of target-specific chemotherapeutic agents. SUMMARY Cytotoxic fern extracts were tested in anti-cancer proteomic works. Six differentially-expressed cancer proteins were identified. Potential anti-cancer protein targets were reported.
Abbreviations used: EF: Elongation factor; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase; HSP: Heat shock protein; MALDI: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siok-Thing Tan
- Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hean-Chooi Ong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.,Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Fai-Chu Wong
- Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.,Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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15
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BRD7 inhibits the Warburg effect and tumor progression through inactivation of HIF1α/LDHA axis in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:519. [PMID: 29725006 PMCID: PMC5938698 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) was first identified as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and has critical roles in cancer development and progression. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of BRD7 in cancer metabolism are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that BRD7 was lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and was identified as a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. Meanwhile, BRD7 could suppress cell proliferation, initiate cell apoptosis and reduce aerobic glycolysis, suggesting that BRD7 plays a tumor suppressive roles in breast cancer. Mechanistically, BRD7 could negatively regulate a critical glycolytic enzyme LDHA through directly interaction with its upstream transcription factor, HIF1α, facilitating degradation of HIF1α mediated by ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Moreover, restoring the expression of LDHA in breast cancer cells could reverse the effect of BRD7 on aerobic glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumor formation, as well as the expression of cell cycle and apopotosis related molecules such as cyclin D1, CDK4, P21, and c-PARP both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that BRD7 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and represses the glycolysis and tumor progression through inactivation of HIF1α/LDHA transcription axis.
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Li D, Na X, Wang H, Xie Y, Cong S, Song Y, Xu X, Zhu BW, Tan M. Fluorescent Carbon Dots Derived from Maillard Reaction Products: Their Properties, Biodistribution, Cytotoxicity, and Antioxidant Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1569-1575. [PMID: 29360356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food-borne nanoparticles have received great attention because of their unique physicochemical properties and potential health risk. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) formed during one of the most important chemical reactions in the food processing field, the Maillard reaction from the model system including glucose and lysine, were investigated. The CDs purified from Maillard reaction products emitted a strong blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light with a fluorescent quantum yield of 16.30%. In addition, they were roughly spherical, with sizes of around 4.3 nm, and mainly composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Their surface groups such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups were found to possibly enable CDs to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assessment of CDs showed that they could readily enter HepG2 cells while causing negligible cell death at low concentration. However, high CDs concentrations were highly cytotoxic and led to cell death via interference of the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Na
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisha Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cong
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbing Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University , Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China , Dalian 116034, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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17
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Safarzadeh E, Delazar A, Kazemi T, Orangi M, Shanehbandi D, Esnaashari S, Mohammadnejad L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mohammadi A, Ghavifekr Fakhr M, Baradaran B. The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Scrophularia Atropatana Extracts on Human Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:381-389. [PMID: 29071220 PMCID: PMC5651059 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women both in developed and developing countries. Natural products especially those from herbal origin have high potential in producing drug components with a source of novel structures. The present study was designed to explore the cytotoxic effects and the cell death mechanism of Scrophularia atropatana extracts. Methods: MTT assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts of S. atropatana on the MCF-7 as well as non-malignant cells. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay, cell death detection ELISA, DNA fragmentation test, western blotting and Real Time PCR. Results: In vitro exposures of the MCF-7 cells with different concentration of S. atropatana extract significantly inhibited their growth and viability and induced apoptosis in the MCF-7 cells. Cleavage PARP protein, decrease in the mRNA expression levels of bcl-2 and increase expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA, highlights that the induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell death. Moreover the expression study of Caspase-9 mRNA showed that, the extracts have induced apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that dichloromethane extract of Scrophularia atropatana has an apoptotic effects and it can be developed as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Orangi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Esnaashari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadnejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Falco M, Palma G, Rea D, De Biase D, Scala S, D'Aiuto M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Barbieri A, Arra C. Tumour biomarkers: homeostasis as a novel prognostic indicator. Open Biol 2016; 6:160254. [PMID: 27927793 PMCID: PMC5204124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'personalized medicine' refers to a medical procedure that consists in the grouping of patients based on their predicted individual response to therapy or risk of disease. In oncologic patients, a 'tailored' therapeutic approach may potentially improve their survival and well-being by not only reducing the tumour, but also enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing the adverse effects. Diagnostic tests are often used to select appropriate and optimal therapies that rely both on patient genome and other molecular/cellular analysis. Several studies have shown that lifestyle and environmental factors can influence the epigenome and that epigenetic events may be involved in carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to traditional biomarkers, epigenetic factors are raising considerable interest, because they could potentially be used as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of conventional cancer genetic biomarkers and their association with epigenomics. Furthermore, we will focus on the so-called 'homeostatic biomarkers' that result from the physiological response to cancer, emphasizing the concept that an altered 'new' homeostasis influence not only tumour environment, but also the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Falco
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular lmmunology and Immuneregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Naples 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, italy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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19
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In vitro cytotoxic screening of 31 crude extracts of Thai herbs on a chondrosarcoma cell line and primary chondrocytes and apoptotic effects of selected extracts. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:434-44. [PMID: 26857828 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-one dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts of 16 herb species used in Thai traditional folk medicine were studied for their cytotoxic activities on the SW 1353 chondrosarcoma cell line and primary chondrocytes. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) cell viability assay and flow cytometric method were used as screening tools for cytotoxicity testing. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured and reported for each crude extract. Apoptosis, necrosis, and cell viability were measured by flow cytometry at IC50. Two out of 31 herbal extracts, methanol extracts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis and Ficus thailandica C.C. Berg & S. Gardner, showed potent anticancer activity. They demonstrated high apoptosis induction activity in SW 1353 cells but had less effect on percentage of viability and necrosis of normal chondrocyte cells. Cytotoxic screening and apoptosis assays suggest the potential anticancer activity of some plants used in Thai traditional medicine and provide information concerning their direct effects.
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20
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Kang N, Cao SJ, Zhou Y, He H, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Qiu F, Ikejima T. Inhibition of caspase-9 by oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, augments apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2045-56. [PMID: 26648189 PMCID: PMC4665153 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabdosia rubescens, a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has increasingly gained attention for its use as an antitumor herb. Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer HEp-2 cells by our group. Here, we made unexpected observations that the caspase-9 inhibitor (C9i) enhanced apoptosis in response to selected stimuli, and HEp-2 cells which were made deficient in caspase-9 using siRNA exhibited no resistance to apoptotic signals and actually demonstrated increased apoptotic sensitivity to oridonin. The results were reversed by the transfection of an exogenous caspase-9 expression vector. Caspase-9 reduced sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-suppressing and autophagy-promoting methods. ROS triggered the progression of apoptosis through activation of both the caspase-9-independent mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathways, and the autophagy had an anti-apoptotic function in oridonin-treated HEp-2 cells. These collective results suggest that oridonin targets caspase-9 to alter ROS production and autophagy situation to promote HEp-2 cell apoptosis. Therefore, oridonin has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent, and the combination of oridonin with those agents leading to reduction of caspase-9 expression in tumor cells could represent a novel approach to human laryngeal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hao He
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Kyoto 603-8072, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Feng Qiu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
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21
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Omabe M, Ezeani M, Omabe KN. Lipid metabolism and cancer progression: The missing target in metastatic cancer treatment. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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22
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Safarzadeh E, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Baradaran B. Herbal medicine as inducers of apoptosis in cancer treatment. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:421-7. [PMID: 25364657 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Nowadays, cancer is considered as a human tragedy and one of the most prevalent diseases in the wide, and its mortality resulting from cancer is being increased. It seems necessary to identify new strategies to prevent and treat such a deadly disease. Control survival and death of cancerous cell are important strategies in the management and therapy of cancer. Anticancer agents should kill the cancerous cell with the minimal side effect on normal cells that is possible through the induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is known as programmed cell death in both normal and damaged tissues. This process includes some morphologically changes in cells such as rapid condensation and budding of the cell, formation of membrane-enclosed apoptotic bodies with well-preserved organelles. Induction of apoptosis is one of the most important markers of cytotoxic antitumor agents. Some natural compounds including plants induce apoptotic pathways that are blocked in cancer cells through various mechanisms in cancer cells. Multiple surveys reported that people with cancer commonly use herbs or herbal products. Vinca Alkaloids, Texans, podo phyllotoxin, Camptothecins have been clinically used as Plant derived anticancer agents. The present review summarizes the literature published so far regarding herbal medicine used as inducers of apoptosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Cheng CS, Wang Z, Chen J. Targeting FASN in Breast Cancer and the Discovery of Promising Inhibitors from Natural Products Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:232946. [PMID: 24778702 PMCID: PMC3976840 DOI: 10.1155/2014/232946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy has been developed for cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer cells process a fundamental change in its bioenergetic metabolism from normal cells on an altered lipid metabolism, also known as the de novo fatty acid synthesis, for sustaining their high proliferation rates. Fatty acid synthesis is now associated with clinically aggressive tumor behavior and tumor cell growth and has become a novel target pathway for chemotherapy development. Although the underlying mechanisms of the altered de novo fatty acid synthesis still remains unclear, recent progress has shown that by targeting Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of endogenous long chain fatty acid could be a critical target for drug discovery. However, relatively few FASN inhibitors have been discovered. With the long history of clinical practices and numerous histological case study reports, traditional Chinese medicine enjoys an important role in seeking bioactive anticancer natural compounds. Herein, we will give an overall picture of the current progress of molecular targeted therapy in cancer fatty acid synthesis, describe the advances in the research on natural products-derived FASN inhibitors and their potential for enhancing our understanding of fatty acids in tumor biology, and may provide new therapeutic moieties for breast cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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24
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Liu J, Wu N, Ma L, Liu M, Liu G, Zhang Y, Lin X. Oleanolic acid suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by switching pyruvate kinase type M isoforms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91606. [PMID: 24626155 PMCID: PMC3953484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect, one of the hallmarks for cancer cells, is characterized by metabolic switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. In recent years, increased expression level of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been found to be the culprit of enhanced aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. However, there is no agent inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by targeting PKM2. In this study, we found that Oleanolic acid (OA) induced a switch from PKM2 to PKM1, and consistently, abrogated Warburg effect in cancer cells. Suppression of aerobic glycolysis by OA is mediated by PKM2/PKM1 switch. Furthermore, mTOR signaling was found to be inactivated in OA-treated cancer cells, and mTOR inhibition is required for the effect of OA on PKM2/PKM1 switch. Decreased expression of c-Myc-dependent hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA1 was responsible for OA-induced switch between PKM isoforms. Collectively, we identified that OA is an antitumor compound that suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells and there is potential that PKM2 may be developed as an important target in aerobic glycolysis pathway for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institutes of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Elbaz HA, Lee I, Antwih DA, Liu J, Hüttemann M, Zielske SP. Epicatechin stimulates mitochondrial activity and selectively sensitizes cancer cells to radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88322. [PMID: 24516636 PMCID: PMC3916420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for solid tumors including pancreatic cancer, but the effectiveness of treatment is limited by radiation resistance. Resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with reduced mitochondrial respiration and drugs that stimulate mitochondrial respiration may decrease radiation resistance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of (-)-epicatechin to stimulate mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells and to selectively sensitize cancer cells to radiation. We investigated the natural compound (-)-epicatechin for effects on mitochondrial respiration and radiation resistance of pancreatic and glioblastoma cancer cells using a Clark type oxygen electrode, clonogenic survival assays, and Western blot analyses. (-)-Epicatechin stimulated mitochondrial respiration and oxygen consumption in Panc-1 cells. Human normal fibroblasts were not affected. (-)-Epicatechin sensitized Panc-1, U87, and MIA PaCa-2 cells with an average radiation enhancement factor (REF) of 1.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively. (-)-Epicatechin did not sensitize normal fibroblast cells to ionizing radiation with a REF of 0.9, suggesting cancer cell selectivity. (-)-Epicatechin enhanced Chk2 phosphorylation and p21 induction when combined with radiation in cancer, but not normal, cells. Taken together, (-)-epicatechin radiosensitized cancer cells, but not normal cells, and may be a promising candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment when combined with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam A. Elbaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deborah A. Antwih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Zielske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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26
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Singh CK, George J, Ahmad N. Resveratrol-based combinatorial strategies for cancer management. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1290:113-21. [PMID: 23855473 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years combination chemoprevention has been increasingly appreciated and investigated as a viable and effective strategy for cancer management. A plethora of evidence suggests that a combination of agents may afford synergistic (or additive) advantage for cancer management by multiple means, such as by (1) enhancing the bio-availability of chemopreventive agents, (2) modifying different molecular targets, and (3) lowering the effective dose of agent/drug to be used for cancer management. Resveratrol has been shown to afford chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against certain cancers. Recent studies are suggesting that resveratrol may be very useful when given in combination with other agents. The two major advantages of using resveratrol in combination with other agents are synergistically or additively enhancing the efficacy against cancer and limiting the toxicity and side effects of existing therapies. However, concerted and multidisciplinary efforts are needed to identify the most optimal combinatorial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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27
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Wang Z, Wang N, Han S, Wang D, Mo S, Yu L, Huang H, Tsui K, Shen J, Chen J. Dietary compound isoliquiritigenin inhibits breast cancer neoangiogenesis via VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68566. [PMID: 23861918 PMCID: PMC3702614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer initiation, development and metastasis. Identifying natural botanicals targeting angiogenesis has been paid much attention for drug discovery in recent years, with the advantage of increased safety. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a dietary chalcone-type flavonoid with various anti-cancer activities. However, little is known about the anti-angiogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, we found that ISL significantly inhibited the VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at non-toxic concentration. A series of angiogenesis processes including tube formation, invasion and migration abilities of HUVECs were also interrupted by ISL in vitro. Furthermore, ISL suppressed sprout formation from VEGF-treated aortic rings in an ex-vivo model. Molecular mechanisms study demonstrated that ISL could significantly inhibit VEGF expression in breast cancer cells via promoting HIF-1α (Hypoxia inducible factor-1α) proteasome degradation and directly interacted with VEGFR-2 to block its kinase activity. In vivo studies further showed that ISL administration could inhibit breast cancer growth and neoangiogenesis accompanying with suppressed VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling, elevated apoptosis ratio and little toxicity effects. Molecular docking simulation indicated that ISL could stably form hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions within the ATP-binding region of VEGFR-2. Taken together, our study shed light on the potential application of ISL as a novel natural inhibitor for cancer angiogenesis via the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway. Future studies of ISL for chemoprevention or chemosensitization against breast cancer are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouwei Han
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical Collage, University of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suilin Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linzhong Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kamchuen Tsui
- The Hong Kong Associate of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Papachristou F, Chatzaki E, Petrou A, Kougioumtzi I, Katsikogiannis N, Papalambros A, Tripsianis G, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK. Time course changes of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins in apigenin-induced genotoxicity. Chin Med 2013; 8:9. [PMID: 23642018 PMCID: PMC3660279 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, AP), an active component of many medicinal Chinese herbs, exhibits anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic, cytostatic, and cytotoxic effects of AP and time course changes in the levels of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins involved in the DNA damage response in HepG2 cells. Methods The genotoxic potential of AP was determined by sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) analysis. The levels of cytostaticity and cytotoxicity were evaluated by the proliferation rate and mitotic indices, respectively. MTT was used to study cytotoxicity, while the induction of apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were determined by ELISA. Results At concentrations greater than 10 μM, AP decreased cell survival in a dose- (48 h: 10 vs. 20 μΜ, P < 0.001 and 20 vs. 50 μΜ, P = 0.005; 72 h: 10 vs. 20 μΜ, P < 0.001 and 20 vs. 50 μΜ, P = 0.001) and time-dependent manner (20 μΜ: 24 vs. 48 h, P < 0.001 and 48 vs. 72 h, P = 0.003; 50 μΜ: 24 vs. 48 h, P < 0.001 and 48 vs. 72 h, P < 0.001; 100 μΜ: 24 vs. 48 h, P < 0.001 and 48 vs. 72 h, P < 0.001). SCEs rates, cell proliferation, and mitotic divisions were also affected in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001). There was no change in the frequency of aberrant cells (1 μΜ ΑP: P = 0.554; 10 μM AP: P = 0.337; 20 μΜ AP: P = 0.239). Bcl-2 levels were reduced 3 h after AP administration (P = 0.003) and remained reduced throughout the 48 h observation period (6 h, P = 0.044; 12 h, P = 0.001; 24 h, P = 0.042; 48 h, P = 0.012). Bax and soluble Fas exhibited a transient upregulation 24 h after AP treatment. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was also increased at 12 h and remained increased throughout the 48 h observation period. Conclusion AP exhibited dose-dependent genotoxic potential in HepG2 cells. The protein levels of sFas, Bcl-2, and Bax were affected by AP to promote cell survival and cell death, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Papachristou
- Cell Cultures Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Bioactivity-guided identification and cell signaling technology to delineate the lactate dehydrogenase A inhibition effects of Spatholobus suberectus on breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56631. [PMID: 23457597 PMCID: PMC3572989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is an important feature of cancer cells. In recent years, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) is emerging as a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Seeking LDH-A inhibitors from natural resources has been paid much attention for drug discovery. Spatholobus suberectus (SS) is a common herbal medicine used in China for treating blood-stasis related diseases such as cancer. This study aims to explore the potential medicinal application of SS for LDH-A inhibition on breast cancer and to determine its bioactive compounds. We found that SS manifested apoptosis-inducing, cell cycle arresting and anti-LDH-A activities in both estrogen-dependent human MCF-7 cells and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 cell. Oral herbal extracts (1 g/kg/d) administration attenuated tumor growth and LDH-A expression in both breast cancer xenografts. Bioactivity-guided fractionation finally identified epigallocatechin as a key compound in SS inhibiting LDH-A activity. Further studies revealed that LDH-A plays a critical role in mediating the apoptosis-induction effects of epigallocatechin. The inhibited LDH-A activities by epigallocatechin is attributed to disassociation of Hsp90 from HIF-1α and subsequent accelerated HIF-1α proteasome degradation. In vivo study also demonstrated that epigallocatechin could significantly inhibit breast cancer growth, HIF-1α/LDH-A expression and trigger apoptosis without bringing toxic effects. The preclinical study thus suggests that the potential medicinal application of SS for inhibiting cancer LDH-A activity and the possibility to consider epigallocatechin as a lead compound to develop LDH-A inhibitors. Future studies of SS for chemoprevention or chemosensitization against breast cancer are thus warranted.
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