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Irilouzadian R, Afaghi S, Esmaeili Tarki F, Rahimi F, Malekpour Alamadari N. Urinary c-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as a predictor of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e413. [PMID: 36808709 PMCID: PMC10164436 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated C-peptide has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated urinary C-peptide to creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as an alternative measurement is shown to be related to insulin secretion dysfunction; however, data regarding UCPCR predictive value for CAD in diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the UCPCR association with CAD in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients. METHODS 279 patients previously diagnosed with T1DM included and categorized into two groups of CAD (n = 84) and without-CAD (n = 195). Furthermore, each group was divided into obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30) groups. Four models utilizing the binary logistic regression were designed to evaluate the role of UCPCR in CAD adjusted for well-known risk factors and mediators. RESULTS Median level of UCPCR was higher in CAD group compared to non-CAD group (0.07 vs. 0.04, respectively). Also, the well-acknowledged risk factors including being active smoker, hypertension, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) as well as higher levels of haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and estimated glomeruli filtration rate (e-GFR) had more significant pervasiveness in CAD patients. Based on multiple adjustments by logistic regression, UCPCR was a strong risk factor of CAD among T1DM patients independent of hypertension, demographic variables (gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption), diabetes-related factors (diabetes duration, FBS, HbA1C), lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, TG) and renal-related indicators (creatinine, e-GFR, albuminuria, uric acid) in both patients with BMI≥30 and BMI < 30. CONCLUSION UCPCR is associated with clinical CAD, independent of CAD classic risk factors, glycaemic control, insulin resistance and BMI in type 1 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Irilouzadian
- Burn Research Center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili Tarki
- Research institute of internal medicine, Shahid Modarres hospital, Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Rahimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Malekpour Alamadari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Y, Sun W, Miao J, Qiu X, Lan Y, Pan C, Li G, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Higher fasting C-peptide is associated with post-stroke depression: a multicenter prospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:383. [PMID: 34607565 PMCID: PMC8489065 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting C-peptide (FCP) has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders including depression and schizophrenia, but it is unknown whether it also predicts post-stroke depression (PSD). This study examined the association between FCP and PSD at 6 months after acute ischemic-stroke onset among Chinese subjects. METHODS A total of 656 stroke patients were consecutively recruited from three hospitals of Wuhan city, Hubei province. Clinical and laboratory data were collected on admission. PSD status was evaluated by DSM-V criteria and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) at 6 months after acute ischemic stroke. The χ2-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and t-test were used to check for statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore independent predictor of PSD. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, significant differences were found between the PSD and non-PSD groups in terms of FCP level (p = 0.009). After multivariate adjustments, FCP remained a significant independent predictor of PSD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.179 (95%CI: 1.040-1.337, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Higher FCP levels on admission were found to be associated with PSD at 6 months after acute ischemic-stroke onset. For stroke patients, doctors should pay attention to the baseline FCP for screening high-risk PSD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
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Khatun MS, Hasan MM, Shoombuatong W, Kurata H. ProIn-Fuse: improved and robust prediction of proinflammatory peptides by fusing of multiple feature representations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1229-1236. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mazidi M, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Effect of Dietary Insulinemia on All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From a Cohort Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:407-413. [PMID: 31763961 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1646167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Insulin response to diet might predict the risk of mortality; however, the evidence is limited. We prospectively evaluated the link between the dietary hyperinsulinemia index (DHI) and dietary insulin resistance index (DIRI) with all-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular disease [CVD] and cancer) mortality.Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2010) database was used. Vital status through December 31, 2011, was ascertained. Stepwise linear regression models consisted of 39 macro/micronutrients applied, and fasting plasma C-peptide for the DHI and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) for the DIRI were used. Adjusted Cox regression (followed by propensity score matching) was performed to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs).Results: Overall, 22,246 participants were included (mean age = 47.8 years; 48.9% men). There was a significant increasing risk of mortality across the quartiles of DHI, i.e., participants with a highest score of DHI (Q4) had a greater risk of all-cause (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17-1.26), CVD (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.29), and cancer (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08-1.23) mortality compared with the first quartile (Q1; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Similarly, participants in the highest DIRI quartile (Q4) had 23% and 31% higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, compared with Q1, while the association between cancer mortality and DIRI was non-significant (HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.61).Conclusions: These findings highlight, for the first time, the detrimental role (association) of insulinemia and insulin resistance potential of diet on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Our findings support the role of C-peptide and TG/HDL-C ratio as cost-effective and practical biomarkers in clinical settings. These results need to be confirmed to establish their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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The effect of C-peptide on diabetic nephropathy: A review of molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 237:116950. [PMID: 31605709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide is a small peptide connecting two chains of proinsulin molecule and is dissociated before the release of insulin. It is secreted in an equimolar amount to insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells into the circulation. Recent evidence demonstrates that it has other physiologic activities beyond its structural function. C-peptide modulates intracellular signaling pathways in various pathophysiologic states and, could potentially be a new therapeutic target for different disorders including diabetic complications. There is growing evidence that c-peptide has modulatory effects on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Although we have little direct evidence, pharmacological properties of c-peptide suggest that it can provide potent renoprotective effects especially, in a c-peptide deficient milieu as in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe possible molecular mechanisms by which c-peptide may improve renal efficiency in a diabetic milieu.
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Derkach KV, Bondareva VM, Shpakov AO. Coadministration of Intranasally Delivered Insulin and Proinsulin C-Peptide to Rats with Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus Restores Their Metabolic Parameters. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057018020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Gupta S, Madhu MK, Sharma AK, Sharma VK. ProInflam: a webserver for the prediction of proinflammatory antigenicity of peptides and proteins. J Transl Med 2016; 14:178. [PMID: 27301453 PMCID: PMC4908730 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proinflammatory immune response involves a complex series of molecular events leading to inflammatory reaction at a site, which enables host to combat plurality of infectious agents. It can be initiated by specific stimuli such as viral, bacterial, parasitic or allergenic antigens, or by non-specific stimuli such as LPS. On counter with such antigens, the complex interaction of antigen presenting cells, T cells and inflammatory mediators like IL1α, IL1β, TNFα, IL12, IL18 and IL23 lead to proinflammatory immune response and further clearance of infection. In this study, we have tried to establish a relation between amino acid sequence of antigen and induction of proinflammatory response. Results A total of 729 experimentally-validated proinflammatory and 171 non-proinflammatory epitopes were obtained from IEDB database. The A, F, I, L and V amino acids and AF, FA, FF, PF, IV, IN dipeptides were observed as preferred residues in proinflammatory epitopes. Using the compositional and motif-based features of proinflammatory and non-proinflammatory epitopes, we have developed machine learning-based models for prediction of proinflammatory response of peptides. The hybrid of motifs and dipeptide-based features displayed best performance with MCC = 0.58 and an accuracy of 87.6 %. Conclusion The amino acid sequence-based features of peptides were used to develop a machine learning-based prediction tool for the prediction of proinflammatory epitopes. This is a unique tool for the computational identification of proinflammatory peptide antigen/candidates and provides leads for experimental validations. The prediction model and tools for epitope mapping and similarity search are provided as a comprehensive web server which is freely available at http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/proinflam/ and http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/proinflam/. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0928-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Gupta
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Midhun K Madhu
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- Metagenomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Ahangarpour A, Ali Akbari FR, Moghadam HF. Effect of C-peptide Alone or in Combination with Nicotinamide on Insulin Levels from Pancreatic Islets in Mouse. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:15-21. [PMID: 27540321 PMCID: PMC4975584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both c-peptide and nicotinamide are known to increase blood insulin in diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effect of c-peptide alone or in combination with nicotinamide on insulin levels in pancreatic islets in mice. METHODS This study was conducted with 60 adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMARI) mice weighing 25 to 30 g. Pancreatic islets from normal mice were isolated by the collagenase digestion method. Mice were divided into ten groups of six (n = 6): control, glyburide (1 and 10 μM), C-peptide (50 and 100 nM), nicotinamide (10, 25, and 100 mM), nicotinamide + C-peptide (100 mM and 100 nM), and buffer in different glucose concentrations (2.8, 5.6, and 16.7 mM). Insulin secretion was measured using insulin radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS Insulin secretion significantly increased at 16.7 mM glucose concentration compared with 2.8 and 5.6 mM glucose concentrations. Incubation of islets at 2.8 and 5.6 mM glucose concentrations and nicotinamide + C-peptide, nicotinamide 25 and 100 mM, and C-peptide 100 nM significantly increased insulin secretion compared with the control group. In addition, incubation of islets at 16.7 mM glucose with nicotinamide + C-peptide significantly increased insulin secretion. Glyburide at 10 μM concentration was more effective than nicotinamide at 10 and 100 mM, C-peptide 50 and 100 nM in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose concentration. However, the combination of nicotinamide + C-peptide was more effective than glyburide at a concentration of 10 μM in the presence of a 16.7 mM glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS This paper suggests that c-peptide, nicotinamide, and the combination of c-peptide and nicotinamide in-creases insulin secretion from pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani Ali Akbari
- School of medicine, Department of Physiology and Member of Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
| | - Hadi Fathi Moghadam
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
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C-Peptide Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in T2DM Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127112. [PMID: 26098780 PMCID: PMC4476669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-peptide has been reported to be a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, whereas its role in coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been clarified, especially in diabetics with differing body mass indices (BMIs). DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 501 patients with T2DM. First, all subjects were divided into the following two groups: CAD and non-CAD. Then, binary logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for CAD for all patients. To clarify the role of obesity, we re-divided all subjects into two additional groups (obese and non-obese) based on BMI. Finally, binary logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for CAD for each weight group. RESULTS The patients with CAD showed a higher BMI and fasting C-peptide level in addition to an increased prevalence of traditional risk factors for CAD, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, higher cholesterol, cysteine-C (Cys-C) and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Logistic regression analysis showed that fasting C-peptide (OR=1.513, p=0.005), insulin treatment (OR=1.832, p=0.027) hypertension (OR=1.987, p=0.016) and hyperlipidemia (OR=4.159, p<0.001) significantly increased the risk of clinical CAD in the T2DM patients independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, smoking and alcohol statuses, fasting insulin and glucose, hypoglycemic episodes, UA and eGFR. Additionally, in both of the obese (OR=1.488, p=0.049) and non-obese (OR=1.686, p=0.037) DM groups, C-peptide was associated with an increased risk of CAD after multiple adjustments. CONCLUSIONS C-peptide is associated with an increased CAD risk in T2DM patients, no matter whether they are obese or not.
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C-peptide as a Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127439. [PMID: 25993479 PMCID: PMC4439165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-peptide has intrinsic biological activity and may be renoprotective. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether C-peptide had a beneficial effect on renal outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Databases were searched for human and animal studies in which C-peptide was administered and renal endpoints were subsequently measured. We identified 4 human trials involving 74 patients as well as 18 animal studies involving 35 separate experiments with a total of 641 animals. In humans, the renal effects of exogenously delivered C-peptide were only studied in type 1 diabetics with either normal renal function or incipient nephropathy. Pooled analysis showed no difference in GFR (mean difference, -1.36 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.72) in patients receiving C-peptide compared to a control group, but two studies reported a reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration (p<0.05). Reduction in albuminuria was also reported in the C-peptide group (p<0.05). In diabetic rodent models, C-peptide led to a reduction in GFR (mean difference, -0.62 mL/min, p<0.00001) reflecting a partial reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration. C-peptide also reduced proteinuria (mean difference, -186.25 mg/day, p = 0.05), glomerular volume (p<0.00001), and mesangial matrix area (p<0.00001) in diabetic animals without affecting blood pressure or plasma glucose. Most studies were relatively short-term in duration, ranging from 1 hour to 3 months. Human studies of sufficient sample size and duration are needed to determine if the beneficial effects of C-peptide seen in animal models translate into improved long-term clinical outcomes for patients with chronic kidney disease. (PROSPERO CRD42014007472)
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Bhatt MP, Lim YC, Ha KS. C-peptide replacement therapy as an emerging strategy for preventing diabetic vasculopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:234-44. [PMID: 25239825 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of C-peptide, along with insulin, is the main feature of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and is also observed in progressive β-cell loss in later stage of Type 2 DM. Therapeutic approaches to hyperglycaemic control have been ineffective in preventing diabetic vasculopathy, and alternative therapeutic strategies are necessary to target both hyperglycaemia and diabetic complications. End-stage organ failure in DM seems to develop primarily due to vascular dysfunction and damage, leading to two types of organ-specific diseases, such as micro- and macrovascular complications. Numerous studies in diabetic patients and animals demonstrate that C-peptide treatment alone or in combination with insulin has physiological functions and might be beneficial in preventing diabetic complications. Current evidence suggests that C-peptide replacement therapy might prevent and ameliorate diabetic vasculopathy and organ-specific complications through conservation of vascular function, as well as prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, vascular inflammation, and neointima formation. In this review, we describe recent advances on the beneficial role of C-peptide replacement therapy for preventing diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, impaired wound healing, and inflammation, and further discuss potential beneficial effects of combined C-peptide and insulin supplement therapy to control hyperglycaemia and to prevent organ-specific complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Prasad Bhatt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Kaur S, Mahajan M, Bal B. Prevalence of insulin resistance in siblings of type 2 diabetics of north west punjabi population. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:CC14-8. [PMID: 25302192 PMCID: PMC4190712 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10198.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance a physiological condition is marked by hyperglycemia and failure of cells to respond to normal action thus hyperinsulinemia. It is prevalent in individuals having genetic predisposition and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physically inactive individuals having sedentary life style are also at a risk of developing insulin resistance. AIM The present study was planned to observe the prevalence of insulin resistance or pre diabetes in various age groups of North West Punjabi population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 families comprising of 1159 offsprings of diabetic patients and siblings amongst each were included in the present study. All these 400 families had history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the present or past generation. Written consent was taken from the head of the family for inclusion in the study. Fasting samples were collected and analysed for Glucose, Glycosylated Hb, complete lipid profile, Insulin and c-peptide. Body mass index, waist hip ratio and HOMA-IR were calculated. Comparison of mean of various parameters was done using student t-test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for comparison between groups followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Pearson's correlation method was used for quantitative variables. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05 (two tailed). RESULTS Prevalence of impaired fasting glucose both in males and females increased with advancing age. Hyperglycemia along with hyperinsulinemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was observed in individuals having impaired fasting glucose. Individuals belonging to age group of >18-35 years were more prone to insulin resistance as compared to other age groups. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance at a young age of 18-35 years predisposes these individuals to coronary events. Females in reproductive years are more prone to insulin resistance or pre diabetes as compared to males of the same age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhraj Kaur
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Mridula Mahajan
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - B.S. Bal
- Professor, Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
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AHANGARPOUR A, RAMEZANI ALI AKBARI F, FATHI MOGHADAM H. Effect of C-peptide Alone or in Combination with Nicotinamide on Glucose and Insulin Levels in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Malays J Med Sci 2014; 21:12-17. [PMID: 25977616 PMCID: PMC4418108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both C-peptide and nicotinamide are known to reduce blood glucose in type 1 diabetes. In the present study, the effects of C-peptide alone or in combination with nicotinamide on glucose and insulin levels in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS The study used 70 adult male NMARI mice, weighing 25-35 g, divided into seven groups: control; type 1 diabetic; type 2 diabetic; type 2 diabetic + C-peptide; type 2 diabetic + nicotinamide; type 2 diabetic + nicotinamide and C-peptide; type 2 diabetic + glyburide. Type 2 diabetes was induced with ip injection of streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Twenty eight days after the onset of diabetes, treatment with C-peptide, nicotinamide, nicotinamide + C-peptide, or glyburide were initiated. Glucose and insulin levels were evaluated. One-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests were used to test for significance. RESULTS Blood glucose significantly increased (P < 0.001) in all diabetic mice compared with control mice. Insulin resistance and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in C-peptide and nicotinamide + C-peptide mice compared with type 2 diabetic mice. CONCLUSION The present study supports the anti-diabetic effects of C-peptide, nicotinamide + C-peptide, and suggests that one of the anti-diabetic mechanisms of these compounds is mediated through the reduction of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram AHANGARPOUR
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
| | - Fatemeh RAMEZANI ALI AKBARI
- School of medicine, Department of Physiology and Member of Student Research Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
| | - Hadi FATHI MOGHADAM
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61335-189, Iran
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