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Mokhemer SA, Desouky MK, Abdelghany AK, Ibrahim MFG. Stem cells therapeutic effect in a reserpine-induced fibromyalgia rat model: A possible NLRP3 inflammasome modulation with neurogenesis promotion in the cerebral cortex. Life Sci 2023; 325:121784. [PMID: 37196857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome with a multifactorial pathophysiology affecting 2-8 % of the population. AIMS To investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against fibromyalgia-related cerebral cortex damage and the possible underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly allocated into three groups; control, fibromyalgia and fibromyalgia treated with BMSCs groups. Physical and behavioural assessments were performed. Cerebral cortices were collected for biochemical and histological assessment. KEY FINDINGS Fibromyalgia group showed behavioural changes indicating presence of pain, fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, biochemical biomarkers alterations were demonstrated by a significant decrease in brain monoamines and GSH levels, but MDA, NO, TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, NLRP3, and caspase-1 levels significantly increased. Furthermore, histological assessment revealed structural and ultrastructural alterations indicating neuronal and neuroglial degeneration with microglia activation, an increase in mast cell number and IL-1β immune-expression. Additionally, a significant decrease in Beclin-1 immune-expression, and blood brain barrier disruption were noticed. Interestingly, BMSCs administration significantly improved behavioural alterations, restored the reduced brain monoamines and oxidative stress markers, and reduced TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, NLRP3, and caspase-1 levels. Profoundly, cerebral cortices demonstrated improved histological structure, significant decrease in mast cell number and IL-1β immune-expression, besides a significant increase in Beclin-1 and DCX immune-expression. SIGNIFICANCE For the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing ameliorative effects for BMSCs treatment in fibromyalgia-related cerebral cortical damage. The neurotherapeutic effects of BMSCs could be attributed to NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway inhibition, mast cell deactivation, and stimulation of neurogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Maha K Desouky
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa K Abdelghany
- Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Manar Fouli Gaber Ibrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt
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Kang D, Dong H, Shen Y, Ou J, Zhao J. The clinical application of Chinese herbal medication to depression: A narrative review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1120683. [PMID: 36969689 PMCID: PMC10034025 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression severely impairs psychosocial functioning and quality of life, which places a huge burden on patients and their families. However, the physiological mechanism of depression remains unknown. Treatment with existing antidepressant medications is effective in around 50% of patients according to various studies, but is associated with severe side effects including nausea and headaches. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been approved and widely used for depression as an alternative medicine in Chinese culture for decades. It has certain advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of depression. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence for the efficacy of CHM for the treatment of depression and physiological diseases comorbid with depression. We further discuss the possible mechanisms of action of CHM and the relationships to our current understanding of depression. The majority of current evidence has suggested that the combined treatment with CHM and mainstream antidepressants improves the response rate and reduces the side effects, while CHM alone could be more effective than placebo. However, the results should be carefully interpreted due to the shortcomings of existing clinical trials and a high risk of bias in meta-analyses. Our review provides a summary of the current applications and understanding of widely used CHMs for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Kang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yidong Shen
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Jianjun Ou
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Depression: Effects on the Neuroendocrine-Immune Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010065. [PMID: 33466877 PMCID: PMC7830381 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems are two critical biological systems in the pathogenesis of depression. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that the activation of the neuroinflammatory response of the immune system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis of the neuroendocrine system commonly coexist in patients with depression and that these two systems bidirectionally regulate one another through neural, immunological, and humoral intersystem interactions. The neuroendocrine-immune network poses difficulties associated with the development of antidepressant agents directed toward these biological systems for the effective treatment of depression. On the other hand, multidrug and multitarget Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has great potential to assist in the development of novel medications for the systematic pharmacotherapy of depression. In this narrative essay, we conclusively analyze the mechanisms of action of CHM antidepressant constituents and formulas, specifically through the modulation of the neuroendocrine-immune network, by reviewing recent preclinical studies conducted using depressive animal models. Some CHM herbal constituents and formulas are highlighted as examples, and their mechanisms of action at both the molecular and systems levels are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalk of these two biological systems and the systems pharmacology approach for understanding the system-wide mechanism of action of CHM on the neuroendocrine-immune network in depression treatment. The holistic, multidrug, and multitarget nature of CHM represents an excellent example of systems medicine in the effective treatment of depression.
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Tran DNH, Hwang IH, Chen FJ, Tseng YP, Chang CM, Tsai SJ, Yang JL, Wu TP, Hsu CH, Chen FP, Kung YY. Core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine for depressive disorders in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study. Integr Med Res 2020; 10:100707. [PMID: 33665095 PMCID: PMC7903348 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive disorders (DD) affect not only mood and behavior but also various physical functions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have some benefits in treating DD. However, one formula or one single herb might be not show high efficacy when used to treat depression. Thus, this study aimed to examine the core prescription pattern of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) among patients with DD in Taiwan as a reference for related research and clinical applications. Methods All patients, who had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder or minor depression or dysthymia without any other baseline diseases and had at least one CHM outpatient clinical visit from 2002 to 2011, were extracted from three randomly sampled cohorts, namely the 2000, 2005 and 2010 cohorts of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. The collected data was analyzed to explore the patterns of herbal products. Results There were 197,146 patients with a diagnosis of DD and of these 1806 subjects had only a diagnosis of DD and utilized CHM. The most common formula was Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang (12.19%), while Suan-Zao-Ren (3.99%) was the most commonly prescribed single herb. The core pattern of prescriptions consisted of a combination of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Chai-Hu-Jia-Long-Gu-Mu-Li-Tang, He-Huan-Pi, Yuan-Zhi and Shi-Chang-Pu. Conclusions This study describes the CHM core prescription pattern used to treat patients in Taiwan with DD and it is a potential candidate for study in future pharmacological or clinical trials targeting DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Ngoc Hong Tran
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Hwang
- Quality Management Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Fun-Jou Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine & Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pu Tseng
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Lin Yang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Peng Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author at: No. 201, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City, 112 Taiwan, ROC.
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Li C, Huang J, Cheng YC, Zhang YW. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Depression Treatment: From Molecules to Systems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 32457610 PMCID: PMC7221138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a multigenetic or multifactorial syndrome. The central neuron system (CNS)-orientated, single target, and conventional antidepressants are insufficient and far from ideal. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has historically been used to treat depression up till today, particularly in Asia. Its holistic, multidrug, multitarget nature fits well with the therapeutic idea of systems medicine in depression treatment. Over the past two decades, although efforts have been made to understand TCM herbal antidepressants at the molecular level, many fundamental questions regarding their mechanisms of action remain to be addressed at the systems level in order to better understand the complicated herbal formulations in depression treatment. In this Mini Review, we review and discuss the mechanisms of action of herbal antidepressants and their acting targets in the pathological systems in the brain, such as monoamine neurotransmissions, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotropic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cascade, and glutamate transmission. Some herbal molecules, constituents, and formulas are highlighted as examples to discuss their mechanisms of action and future directions for comprehensive researches at the systems level. Furthermore, we discuss pharmacological approaches to integrate the mechanism of action from the molecular level into the systems level for understanding of systems pharmacology of TCM formulations. Integration of the studies at the molecular level into the systems level not only represents a trend in TCM study but also promotes our understanding of the system-wide mechanism of action of herbal antidepressant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Junying Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Abnormal modification of histone acetylation involved in depression-like behaviors of rats induced by chronically unpredicted stress. Neuroreport 2018; 28:1054-1060. [PMID: 28877103 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a complex multifactorial mental disorder. Its etiology involves many factors such as social environments, genetics, and psychology. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modification may be associated with depression. Histone acetylation is one of the main mechanisms of epigenetic modification and plays an important role in genetic expression. In this study, we investigated the role of histone acetylation in the depression-like behaviors of rats undergoing chronically unpredicted stress (CUS) by detecting the mRNA and protein expression of histone deacetylase 5, cAMP-response element-binding protein, and the level of histone acetylated modification of H3K14, H3K23, and H4K16 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the rats. The results showed that significantly increasing depression-like behaviors were observed with a decreasing histone acetylated modification level, especially on acytelated-H3K14, acytelated-H3K23, and acytelated-H4K16, upregulating histone deacetylase 5 expression and downregulating cAMP-response element-binding protein expression in CUS rats, compared with control rats. The results indicate that the decrease in the histone acetylation modification level may be partly involved in the mechanism of depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS.
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Neurochemical factors associated with the antidepressant-like effect of flavonoid chrysin in chronically stressed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:284-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Antidepressant-Like Effects of Fractions Prepared from Danzhi-Xiaoyao-San Decoction in Rats with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress: Effects on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Arginine Vasopressin, and Neurotransmitters. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6784689. [PMID: 27413389 PMCID: PMC4931053 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6784689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of two fractions, including petroleum ether soluble fraction (Fraction A, FA) and water-EtOH soluble fraction (Fraction B, FB) prepared from the Danzhi-xiaoyao-san (DZXYS) by using chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rat model. The results indicated that DZXYS could ameliorate the depression-like behavior in chronic stress model of rats. The inhibition of hyperactivity of HPA axis and the modulation of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus may be the important mechanisms underlying the action of DZXYS antidepressant-like effect in chronically stressed rats.
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Sassoui D, Seridi R, Azin K, Usai M. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Antidepressive effect of sodium valproate involving suppression of corticotropin-releasing factor expression and elevation of BDNF expression in rats exposed to chronic unpredicted stress. Neuroreport 2014; 25:205-10. [PMID: 24128869 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorders. Recently, other psychiatric uses for VPA have been based on its antidepressive and neuroprotective effects. In the current work, the antidepressive mechanism of VPA was investigated by studying the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in rats exposed to a protocol of chronic unpredicted stress (CUS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a vehicle-treated control group (no CUS+vehicle), a VPA-treated control group (no CUS+VPA), a vehicle-treated model group (CUS+vehicle), and a VPA-treated model group (CUS+VPA). VPA (300 mg/kg once daily) was administered to rats (no CUS+VPA and CUS+VPA) by an intragastric gavage, whereas the same volume of vehicle was administered to rats in the no CUS+vehicle and CUS+vehicle groups. Rat behavior, serum corticosterone level, and expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and corticotrophin-releasing factor in the hypothalamus were determined. Compared with the CUS+vehicle rats, the CUS+VPA rats showed a significant relief in depression-like behaviors and a decrease in the corticosterone level and corticotropin-releasing factor expression with increasing expression of BDNF. The results suggest that the antidepressive effect of VPA is at least partly related to improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and elevating the expression of BDNF.
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Li M, Fu Q, Li Y, Li S, Xue J, Ma S. Emodin opposes chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice by upregulating the levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:1-10. [PMID: 24932776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emodin, the major active component of Rhubarb, has shown neuroprotective activity. This study is attempted to investigate whether emodin possesses beneficial effects on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced behavioral deficits (depression-like behaviors) and explore the possible mechanisms. ICR mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 42 consecutive days. Then, emodin and fluoxetine (positive control drug) were administered for 21 consecutive days at the last three weeks of CUMS procedure. The classical behavioral tests: open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were applied to evaluate the antidepressant effects of emodin. Then plasma corticosterone concentration, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were tested to probe the mechanisms. Our results indicated that 6 weeks of CUMS exposure induced significant depression-like behavior, with high, plasma corticosterone concentration and low hippocampal GR and BDNF expression levels. Whereas, chronic emodin (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) treatments reversed the behavioral deficiency induced by CUMS exposure. Treatment with emodin normalized the change of plasma corticosterone level, which demonstrated that emodin could partially restore CUMS-induced HPA axis impairments. Besides, hippocampal GR (mRNA and protein) and BDNF (mRNA) expressions were also up-regulated after emodin treatments. In conclusion, emodin remarkably improved depression-like behavior in CUMS mice and its antidepressant activity is mediated, at least in part, by the up-regulating GR and BDNF levels in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinsong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Su GY, Yang JY, Wang F, Xiong ZL, Hou Y, Zhang K, Song C, Ma J, Song SJ, Teng HF, Wu CF. Xiaochaihutang prevents depressive-like behaviour in rodents by enhancing the serotonergic system. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:823-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Xiaochaihutang (XCHT) has been used in China for thousands of years to treat ‘Shaoyang syndrome’, which involves depressive-like symptoms. However, no studies were conducted to demonstrate its antidepressant effect and mechanism. This study was designed to confirm the antidepressant effect of XCHT and explore its mechanism using the pharmacological methods.
Methods
Ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical constituents of XCHT. Forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to determine the antidepressant-like activity of XCHT in mice and rats. The possible mechanism of XCHT was elucidated by the reserpine-induced hypothermia and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head-twitch in mice. The levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus tissue of both mice and rats. Moreover, the extracellular 5-HT in rat hippocampus was assessed by using microdialysis coupled to HPLC with electrochemical detection.
Key findings
Forty-four components were detected in XCHT. XCHT significantly reduced immobility time in the TST and the FST, antagonized reserpine-induced depressive-like behaviours, increased 5-HTP-induced head-twitches, elevated 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, and increased 5-HT turnover at doses that did not affect general activity.
Conclusions
These data demonstrate that XCHT has therapeutic effects in animal models of depression by enhancing the serotoninergic system in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yue Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jing Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhi Li Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shao Jiang Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Huai Feng Teng
- Chemistry Division, Liaoning Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chun Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Xiangshao Granule Exerts Antidepressive Effects in a Depression Mouse Model by Ameliorating Deficits in Hippocampal BDNF and TrkB. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:309262. [PMID: 24367385 PMCID: PMC3866718 DOI: 10.1155/2013/309262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the therapeutic effects of Xiangshao granules in a mouse depression model and examines the potential molecular mechanisms involved. After 21 consecutive days of chronic stress challenge, all mice were divided into three groups: control group, depression group, and Xiangshao granule treatment group. On the 22nd day, rats in the Xiangshao granule treatment group received Xiangshao granules via gastrogavage for 3 consecutive weeks. Depression group mice showed a significant reduction of crossings (P < 0.01) but not rearings (P < 0.05). Serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH levels were significantly increased in depression mice compared with control (P < 0.05) and the expression levels of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB were reduced in the model group (P < 0.05). However, Xiangshao granule treatment remarkably rescued the decrease in the body weight (P < 0.05), increased crossings in the open field test (P < 0.05), upregulated the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB expression, and reduced the serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH concentrations compared with the depression group (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that Xiangshao granule could effectively induce antidepressive effects in the depression mouse model by ameliorating the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB.
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Chen L, Sun Z, Wang F, Xu C, Geng M, Chen H, Duan D. Shuyusan-containing serum protects SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2060-8. [PMID: 25206514 PMCID: PMC4146065 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.22.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herb Shuyusan, whose main constituent is jasminoidin, has been shown to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced damage. SH-SY5Y cells injured by 400 μmol/L corticosterone were treated with 5 and 30 μg/mL Shuyusan-containing serum. Results revealed that Shuyusan-containing serum elevated the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells, reduced Bax expression, increased Bcl-2 expression, markedly elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression, and blocked cell apoptosis. Moreover, the effect of high-dose (30 μg/mL) Shuyusan-containing serum was more remarkable. Therefore, Shuyusan-containing serum appears to protect SH-SY5Y cells against corticosterone-induced impairment by adjusting the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, high-dose Shuyusan-containing serum has a protective effect on high-dose corticosterone-induced impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhigao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Fawei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Chengyong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
| | - Miao Geng
- Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dongmei Duan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572004, Hainan Province, China
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