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Wang Y, Yan F, Xu DQ, Liu M, Liu ZF, Tang YP. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications of Labisia pumila: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118522. [PMID: 38971345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill, also known as Kacip Fatimah, is a traditional medicinal herb common throughout Southeast Asia. It is primarily used to facilitate childbirth and postpartum recovery in women. Additionally, it can also be used to treat dysentery, rheumatism, gonorrhea, and as an anti-flatulent. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, botany, cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, practical applications, and potential uses of L. pumila (LP). Furthermore, we also explore the safety of this plant and its potential prospects for application. MATERIALS AND METHODS The keywords "Labisia pumila," "Kacip Fatimah," and "Marantodes pumilum" were used to collect relevant information through electronic searches (including Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science). RESULTS This review summarizes 102 chemical components from different parts of the plant, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and other chemical components. In addition, we also address the associated cultivation conditions, traditional uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity. A large number of reports indicate that LP has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, phytoestrogenic, antiinflammtory, antimicrobial, anti-osteoporosis and anti-obesity properties. These results provide valuable references for future research on LP. In addition, LP is also a potential medicinal and edible plant, and is currently sold on the market as a dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS LP is a renowned traditional ethnic medicine with numerous pharmacological activities attributed to its bioactive components. Therefore, isolation and identification of the chemical components in LP can be a focus of our future research. Current studies have focused only on the effects of LP on estrogen deficiency-related diseases in women and bone diseases. There is no scientific evidence for other traditional uses. Therefore, it is important to further explore its pharmacological activities and fill the research gaps related to other traditional uses. Furthermore, research on its safety should be expanded to prepare clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- White Heron Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd, Wisma WH, Jalan KIP 9A, Taman Perindustrian KIP, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ze-Feng Liu
- White Heron Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd, Wisma WH, Jalan KIP 9A, Taman Perindustrian KIP, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Ekeuku SO, Chin KY, Qian J, Qu H, Wang Y, Ramli ESM, Wong SK, Noor MMM, Ima-Nirwana S. Normalisation of High Bone Remodelling due to Oestrogen Deficiency by Traditional Chinese Formulation Kang Shuai Lao Pian in Ovariectomised Rats. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1648-1659. [PMID: 36237992 PMCID: PMC9553853 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.75915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis transpires due to excessive osteoclastic bone resorption and insufficient osteoblastic bone formation in the presence of oestrogen insufficiency. Kang Shuai Lao Pian (KSLP) is a red ginseng-based traditional Chinese medicine known for its anti-ageing properties. However, studies on its effect on bone loss are lacking. Thus, the current study examined the skeletal protective effects of KSLP in an ovariectomised rodent bone loss model. Three-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats (n=42) were randomised into baseline, sham and ovariectomised (OVX) groups. The OVX rats were supplemented with low- (KSLP-L; 0.15 g/kg), medium- (KSLP-M; 0.30 g/kg), high-dose KSLP (KSLP-H; 0.45 g/kg) or calcium carbonate (1% w/v). The daily supplementation of KSLP was performed via oral gavage for eight weeks. Gavage stress was stimulated in the ovariectomised control with distilled water. The rats were euthanised at the end of the study. Whole-body and femoral bone mineral content and density scans were performed at baseline and every four weeks. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of bone remodelling markers. Histomorphometry and biomechanical strength testing were performed on femurs and tibias. High bone remodelling typically due to oestrogen deficiency, indicated by the elevated bone formation and resorption markers, osteoclast surface, single-labelled surface and mineralising surface/bone surface ratio, was observed in the untreated OVX rats. Whole-body BMD adjusted to body weight and Young's modulus decreased significantly in the untreated OVX rats. High-dose KSLP supplementation counteracted these degenerative changes. In conclusion, KSLP improves bone health by normalising bone remodelling, thereby preventing bone loss and decreased bone strength caused by oestrogen deficiency. Its anti-osteoporosis effects should be validated in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustazil Mohd Noor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abdullah N, Mohamed N. Influence of cultural practices on breast cancer risks, stage at presentation and outcome in a multi-ethnic developing country. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:806. [PMID: 34630713 PMCID: PMC8488330 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaysia is a developing country made up of three main ethnicities: Malay, Chinese and Indian. There are significant ethnic differences with regard to the type of daily food and cooking methods, contraception, breast-feeding preferences, confinement period and care, postmenopausal intake and influence of the traditional healer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women across all three ethnicities. However, the National Cancer Registry and local medical centres have documented ethnic differences in breast cancer risk (Chinese, 40.7 per 100,000; Indian, 38.1 per 100,000; Malay, 31.5 per 100,000), peak age (youngest in the Malays), stage at presentation (largest percentage at advanced stage among the Malays) and survival (poorest survival rate among the Malays). The Malays have several practices that are protective against breast cancer compared with the Chinese. However, the Malays have strong beliefs in the traditional healer, which contribute to the delay in getting treatment, causing a poor outcome and a low survival rate. The highest BRCA1 and 2 genetic mutation incidence is amongst the Chinese, but the Malays have the largest triple-negative breast cancer rates. These factors may also contribute to the statistical breast cancer data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norlia Abdullah
- Department of Surgery, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zakaria AA, Noor MHM, Ahmad H, Hassim HA, Mazlan M, Latip MQA. A Review on Therapeutic Effects of Labisia pumila on Female Reproductive Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9928199. [PMID: 34568497 PMCID: PMC8460362 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9928199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Labisia pumila (LP) is a traditional plant that is locally known as Kacip Fatimah, Selusuh Fatimah, or Pokok Ringgang by the Malaysian indigenous people. It is believed to facilitate their childbirth, treating their postchild birth and menstrual irregularities. The water extract of LP has shown to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, anthocyanin, and phenolic acid, which contribute extensive antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal. The LP ethanolic extract exhibits significant estrogenic effects on human endomentrial adenocarcinoma cell in estrogen-free basal medium and promoting an increase in secretion of alkaline phosphate. Water based has been used for many generations, and studies had reported that it could displace in binding the antibodies and increase the estradiol production making it similar to esterone and estradiol hormone. LP extract poses a potential and beneficial aspect in medical and cosmeceutical applications. This is mainly due to its phytoestrogen properties of the LP. However, there is a specific functionality in the application of LP extract, due to specific functional group in phytoconstituent of LP. Apart from that, the extraction solvent is important in preparing the LP extract as it poses some significant and mild side effects towards consuming the LP extracts. The current situation of women reproductive disease such as postmenopausal syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome is increasing. Thus, it is important to find ways in alternative treatment for women reproductive disease that is less costly and low side effects. In conclusion, these studies proven that LP has the potential to be an alternative way in treating female reproductive related diseases such as in postmenopausal and polysystic ovarian syndrome women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alif Aiman Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasliza Abu Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Qayyum Ab Latip
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tchoupang EN, Ateba SB, Mvondo MA, Ndinteh DT, Nguelefack TB, Zingue S, Krenn L, Njamen D. Regular consumption of "Nkui", a Cameroonian traditional dish, may protect against cardiovascular and bone disorders in an estrogen deficiency condition. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:535-544. [PMID: 33818035 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a growing body of evidence indicating the potential of culinary herbs and spices to decrease the incidence of several chronic diseases or conditions. Because of this, the WHO recommends their regular consumption. In the Cameroonian culinary practices, "Nkui" is a famous dish made from a mixture of 10 spices. In our previous study, the ethanolic extract of this mixture exhibited promising estrogenic properties. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate its protective effects on some menopause-related cardiovascular and bone disorders. METHODS For this purpose, a post-menopause-like model (ovariectomized rats) has been used. Animals were orally treated with the "Nkui" extract for 60 days. The investigation focused on the oxidative stress status, endothelial function (NO bioavailability), lipid profile, and bone mass, biochemical (calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents, serum alkaline phosphatase activity) and histomorphological features. RESULTS The extract regulated lipid metabolism in a way to prevent accumulation of abdominal fat, gain in body weight and increased atherogenic indexes induced by ovariectomy. It prevented menopause-related low levels of nitric oxide and oxidative stress damage by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, while reducing glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in the heart and aorta. Moreover, it prevented ovariectomy-induced bone mass loss, bone marrow disparities and the disorganization of the trabecular network. It also increased femur calcium and inorganic phosphorus contents. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a regular consumption of "Nkui" may have health benefits on cardiovascular system and osteoporosis, major health issues associated with menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Nana Tchoupang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sylvin Benjamin Ateba
- Department of Biology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy , University of Vienna, Vienna , Austria
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Chinnappan SM, George A, Evans M, Anthony J. Efficacy of Labisia pumila and Eurycoma longifolia standardised extracts on hot flushes, quality of life, hormone and lipid profile of peri-menopausal and menopausal women: a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3665. [PMID: 33061884 PMCID: PMC7534949 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interest in herbal medicines and non-hormonal therapies for the treatment of menopausal symptoms has increased since the publication of adverse effects of estrogen replacement therapy. Vasomotor symptoms are the most characteristic and notable symptoms of menopause. Objective To investigate the changes in the frequency and severity of hot flush and associated vasomotor symptoms experienced by peri-menopausal and menopausal women supplemented with the herbal formulation (Nu-femme™) comprising Labisia pumila (SLP+®) and Eurycoma longifolia (Physta®) or placebo. Design Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week study enrolled 119 healthy women aged 41–55 years experiencing peri-menopausal or menopausal symptoms and supplemented with Nu-femme™ or placebo. The primary endpoint was comparative changes between treatment groups in the change in the frequency and severity of hot flushes. The secondary objectives were to assess the changes in the frequency and severity of joint pain, Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire domain scores. Concentrations of serum hormone, lipid profile, bone markers, sleep quality and vitality were also studied as secondary objectives. Results At week 12, significant (P < 0.01) improvements in hot flush symptoms were observed in Nu-femme™ and placebo groups. Even though there was no significant difference between groups, higher percentage of improvement, 65%, was seen in Nu-femme™ compared to 60% in placebo. Significant improvements (P < 0.001) in MRS and MENQOL scores at weeks 12 and 24 were observed in both groups, respectively. Luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at weeks 12 and 24, respectively, compared to baseline in the Nu-femme™ group, with no significant changes observed in the placebo group. There were significant (P < 0.05) reductions in serum low-density lipid and triglycerides levels at week 12 in Nu-femme™ group, but no changes seen in placebo group. At the end of week 24, changes in haematology and clinical chemistry parameters remained within normal clinical ranges in both groups. Conclusion Herbal formulation consists of L. pumila and E. longifolia (Nu-femme™) may support reduction in hot flushes and improvements in hormone and lipid profile in healthy peri-menopausal and menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala M Chinnappan
- Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Section U1Hicom Glenmarie, Industrial Park Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annie George
- Biotropics Malaysia Berhad, Section U1Hicom Glenmarie, Industrial Park Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Xie X, Liu M, Meng Q. Angelica polysaccharide promotes proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by regulation of long non-coding RNA H19: An animal study. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:323-332. [PMID: 31463041 PMCID: PMC6691372 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.bjr-2018-0223.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease, which often occurs among the elderly. Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is the main component of angelica sinensis, and is widely used for treating various diseases. However, the effects of AP on osteoporosis have not been investigated. This study aimed to uncover the functions of AP in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. Methods MSCs were treated with different concentrations of AP, and then cell viability, Cyclin D1 protein level, and the osteogenic markers of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and western blot assays, respectively. The effect of AP on the main signalling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and Wnt/β-catenin was determined by western blot. Following this, si-H19#1 and si-H19#2 were transfected into MSCs, and the effects of H19 on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in MSCs were studied. Finally, in vivo experimentation explored bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and the ash weight and dry weight of femoral bone. Results The results revealed that AP significantly promoted cell viability, upregulated cyclin D1 and increased RUNX2, OCN, ALP, and BMP-2 protein levels in MSCs. Moreover, we found that AP notably activated PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways in MSCs. Additionally, the relative expression level of H19 was upregulated by AP in a dose-dependent manner. The promoting effects of AP on cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation were reversed by H19 knockdown. Moreover, in vivo experimentation further confirmed the promoting effect of AP on bone formation. Conclusion These data indicate that AP could promote MSC proliferation and osteoblast differentiation by regulating H19. Cite this article: X. Xie, M. Liu, Q. Meng. Angelica polysaccharide promotes proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by regulation of long non-coding RNA H19: An animal study. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:323–332. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0223.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University; Department of Teaching and Research for Internal Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Tan NAS, Giribabu N, Karim K, Nyamathulla S, Salleh N. Intravaginal treatment with Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) ameliorates vaginal atrophy in rats with post-menopausal condition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:9-20. [PMID: 30771519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Marantodes pumilum (MP) (Kacip Fatimah) is used to maintain the well-being of post-menopausal women. However, its role in ameliorating post menopause-related vaginal atrophy (VA) is unknown. AIMS To investigate the ability of intravaginal MP gel treatment to ameliorate VA in sex-steroid deficient condition, mimicking post-menopause. METHODS Ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats received MP (100 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml) and estriol (E) gels intravaginally for seven consecutive days. Rats were then euthanized and vagina was harvested and subjected for histological and protein expression and distribution analyses. Vaginal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Thickness of vaginal epithelium increased with increasing intravaginal MP doses. Additionally, increased in expression and distribution of proliferative protein i.e. PCNA, tight junction protein i.e. occludin, water channel proteins i.e. AQP-1 and AQP-2 and proton extruder protein i.e. V-ATPase A1 were observed in the vagina following intravaginal MP and E gels treatment. Intravaginal MP and E gels also induced desmosome formation and approximation of the intercellular spaces between the vaginal epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Intravaginal MP was able to ameliorate features associated with VA; thus, it has potential to be used as an agent to treat this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amanina Syariff Tan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaik Nyamathulla
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mohammad NA, Razaly NI, Rani MDM, Aris MSM, Effendy NM. An Evidence-Based Review: The Effects of Malaysian Traditional Herbs on Osteoporotic Rat Models. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 25:6-30. [PMID: 30914844 PMCID: PMC6422536 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered a silent disease, the early symptoms of which often go unrecognised. Osteoporosis causes bone loss, reduces mineralised density, and inevitably leads to bone fracture. Hormonal deficiencies due to aging or drug induction are also frequently attributed to osteoporosis. Nevertheless, the phytochemical content of natural plants has been proven to significantly reduce osteoporotic conditions. A systematic review was conducted by this study to identify research specifically on the effects of Malaysian herbs such as Piper sarmentosum, Eurycoma longifolia and Labisia pumila on osteoporotic bone changes. This review consisted of a comprehensive search of five databases for the effects of specific herbs on osteoporotic bone change. These databases were Web of Science (WOS), Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. The articles were selected throughout the years, were limited to the English language and fully documented. Duplication, irrelevant titles, different herbs and in vitro studies were excluded, including those that are not original research papers. A total of 399 potential studies were identified, but only 21 samples were accepted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six of the twenty one studies were on Piper sarmentosum, six on Eurycoma longifolia, and the remaining nine studies were on Labisia pumila. Overall, in three of the studies a glucocorticoid-induced model was used, while in 12 of the studies an ovariectomised model was used, and for the other six studies an orchidectomised model was used as the osteoporotic model. All of the studies reported varied results based on the type of herbs used, but in comparison to Eurycoma longifolia, Piper sarmentosum and Labisia pumila recorded better anti-osteoporotic effects, while the majority of studies on Eurycoma longifolia were unable to preserve bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adlina Mohammad
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfarah Izzaty Razaly
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shamsir Mohd Aris
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Mohd Effendy
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Menara B, Persiaran MPAJ, Jalan Pandan Utama, Pandan Indah, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Feng E, Xu Y, Wang W, Zhang T, Xiao L, Chen R, Lin Y, Chen D, Lin L, Chen K, Lin Y. Serum Sema4D levels are associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16352-16357. [PMID: 26629156 PMCID: PMC4659044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association of serum semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) levels with lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO). Lumbar spine BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 257 PO patients (aged from 50 to 75) and 90 healthy controls (aged from 51 to 83). Serum Sema4D, BAP, BGP and TRACP-5b levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Serum cross linked N-telopeptides of type I (NTX), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and N-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID-OT) levels were measured using automated electrochemiluminescence system. Sema4D level was significantly higher in PO women compared to healthy controls (1.40±0.33 vs. 0.58±0.18 μg/L, P=0.006). Sema4D level was positively correlated with serumTRACP-5b and NTX levels and negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD and serum BAP and BGP levels. There were no correlations between Sema4D level and age, body mass index, and serum 25(OH)D and N-MID-OT levels. Lumbar spine BMD (β=-0.354, P<0.001) and serum BAP level (β=0.127, P=0.019) were independent predictors of serum Sema4D level in PO patients. Sema4D may be involved in the pathogenesis of PO and play a critical role in bone formation and resorption. Sema4D may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of PO and function as a predictive indicator of PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Eryou Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wulian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liqiong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kangyao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second HospitalFuzhou, P. R. China
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Abdul-Majeed S, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN. The use of delta-tocotrienol and lovastatin for anti-osteoporotic therapy. Life Sci 2014; 125:42-8. [PMID: 25534439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMGCoA reductase and are commonly used as antihypercholesterolemic agents. Experimental studies clearly demonstrate the beneficial effects of statins on bone. Tocotrienols have also been shown to have anti-osteoporotic effects on the skeletal system. This study was conducted to observe the effect of a combination of delta-tocotrienol and lovastatin on structural bone histomorphometry and bone biomechanical strength in a postmenopausal rat model at clinically tolerable doses, and to compare it with the effect of delta-tocotrienol or lovastatin. MAIN METHODS Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: baseline control; sham-operated control; ovariectomised control; ovariectomised+11mg/kg lovastatin; ovariectomised+60mg/kg delta-tocotrienol and ovariectomised+60mg/kg delta-tocotrienol+11mg/kg lovastatin. These treatments were given via oral gavage daily for eight weeks. After sacrificing the rats, the left and right femurs were dissected and processed for bone histomorphometric analysis and a bone biomechanical test, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Delta-tocotrienol in combination with lovastatin significantly improved the trabecular volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation; and it significantly increased bone strength in oestrogen-deficient rats. Delta-tocotrienol alone enhanced bone formation and maintained bone strength in ovariectomised rats. Delta-tocotrienol plus lovastatin treatment promoted better trabecular volume and trabecular number and received higher load than delta-tocotrienol alone. Lovastatin alone was not effective. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the combination of delta-tocotrienol and lovastatin has the potential to be used for anti-osteoporotic therapy in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Abdul-Majeed
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155b, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital UKM, Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital UKM, Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Fathilah SN, Mohamed N, Muhammad N, Mohamed IN, Soelaiman IN, Shuid AN. Labisia pumila regulates bone-related genes expressions in postmenopausal osteoporosis model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:217. [PMID: 24007208 PMCID: PMC3847139 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Labisia Pumila var. alata (LPva) has shown potential as an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in prevention of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. In earlier studies using postmenopausal model, LPva was able to reverse the ovariectomy-induced changes in biochemical markers, bone calcium, bone histomorphometric parameters and biomechanical strength. The mechanism behind these protective effects is unclear but LPva may have regulated factors that regulate bone remodeling. The aim of this study is to determine the bone-protective mechanism of LPva by measuring the expressions of several factors involved in bone formative and resorptive activities namely Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligand (RANKL), Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (MCSF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2). METHODS Thirty-two female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVXC), ovariectomized with Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) and ovariectomized with ERT (Premarin) (ERT). The LPva and ERT were administered via daily oral gavages at doses of 17.5 mg/kg and 64.5 μg/kg, respectively. Following two months of treatment, the rats were euthanized and the gene expressions of BMP-2, OPG, RANKL and MCSF in the femoral bones were measured using a branch - DNA technique. RESULTS The RANKL gene expression was increased while the OPG and BMP-2 gene expressions were reduced in the OVXC group compared to the SHAM group. There were no significant changes in the MCSF gene expressions among the groups. Treatment with either LPva or ERT was able to prevent these ovariectomy-induced changes in the gene expressions in ovariectomized rats with similar efficacy. CONCLUSION LPva may protect bone against estrogen deficiency-induced changes by regulating the RANKL, OPG and BMP-2 gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Fathilah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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