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Rehman S, Naqvi M, Ali NH, Gulati K, Ray A. Modulation by Withania somnifera of stress-induced anxiogenesis and airway inflammation in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 21:184-190. [PMID: 38299353 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stress is an aversive stimulus which disrupts the biological milieu of the organism and a variety of emotional and environmental stressors are known to influence allergic and immunological disorders like bronchial asthma but the pharmacological basis of such interactions is not clearly defined. Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is a potent anti-stress agent used widely in Indian traditional medicine and the present experimental study evaluated the effects of W. somnifera extract (WSE) on chronic stress-induced neurobehavioral and immunological responses in an experimental model of allergic asthma in rats. METHODS Wistar rats (200-250 g) were immunized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed to restraint stress (RS) and WSE treatments for 15 days. Following this, anxiety behavior was assessed by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and blood and BAL fluid samples were collected for measuring of inflammatory/immune markers by ELISA and biochemical assay. The data of the various treatment groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Restraint stress (RS) induced anxiogenic behavior in the (EPM) test in OVA immunized rats, and this was attenuated by WSE (200 and 400 mg/kg), in a dose related manner. Examination of blood and BAL fluid in these RS exposed rats also resulted in elevations in IgE, TNF-α and IL-4 levels, which were also attenuated by WSE pretreatments. Further, WSE pretreatment neutralized the such RS induced changes in oxidative stress markers viz. elevated MDA and reduced GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS The data pharmacologically validates role of stress in asthma and suggests that adaptogens like WSE could be a potential complementary agent for reducing anxiety as well as airway inflammation by a multi-targeted and holistic approach. The study also highlights the significance of integration of traditional and modern medical concepts in such chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rehman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Maaz Naqvi
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nafaa Hasan Ali
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Gulati
- Departments of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arunabha Ray
- Departments of Pharmacology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Utembe W, Andraos C, Gulumian M. Immunotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials and their role in asthma. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:491-505. [PMID: 37933836 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo and in vitro has formed the basis of most studies. However, the toxicity of ENMs, particularly on the immune system, i.e. immunotoxicity, and their role in manipulating it, are less known. This review addresses the initiation or exacerbation as well as the attenuation of allergic asthma by a variety of ENMs and how they may be used in drug delivery to enhance the treatment of asthma. This review also highlights a few research gaps in the study of the immunotoxicity of ENMs, for example, the potential drawbacks of assays used in immunotoxicity assays; the potential role of hormesis during dosing of ENMs; and the variables that result in discrepancies among different studies, such as the physicochemical properties of ENMs, differences in asthmatic animal models, and different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells Utembe
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Environmental Health Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kamal A, Basanti CWS, Kaushty MA, Abdelmegeid AK. Serum interleukin 38 (IL-38) as a new potential biomarker of pediatric asthma. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bronchial asthma is considered the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide and is one of the main causes of hospitalization in the pediatric population. Serum interleukin 38 (IL-38) levels are elevated in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, its exact role in the pathogenesis of these diseases is unclear.
Objectives
To investigate the role of IL-38 as a potential biomarker in pediatric patients with bronchial asthma.
Methods
Serum IL-38 levels were measured in 73 pediatric patients with bronchial asthma (34 atopic and 39 non-atopic) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Serum IL-38 levels were significantly higher in patients with bronchial asthma compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between serum IL-38 levels and both relative and absolute eosinophilic counts in the atopic group (R = −0.575, p < 0.001 and R = −0.474, p = 0.005, respectively).
Conclusion
IL-38 could be a useful prognostic and therapeutic biomarker of atopic asthma in pediatric patients.
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Parnes JR, Molfino NA, Colice G, Martin U, Corren J, Menzies-Gow A. Targeting TSLP in Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:749-765. [PMID: 35685846 PMCID: PMC9172920 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s275039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine implicated in the initiation and persistence of inflammatory pathways in asthma. Released in response to a range of epithelial insults (eg, allergens, viruses, bacteria, pollutants, and smoke), TSLP initiates multiple downstream innate and adaptive immune responses involved in asthma inflammation. Inhibition of TSLP is postulated to represent a novel approach to treating the diverse phenotypes and endotypes of asthma. Tezepelumab, the TSLP inhibitor farthest along in clinical development, is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG2λ) that binds specifically to TSLP, preventing interactions with its heterodimeric receptor. Results of recently published phase 2 and 3 studies, reviewed in this article, provide evidence of the safety and efficacy of tezepelumab that builds on initial findings. Tezepelumab is safe, well tolerated, and provides clinically meaningful improvements in asthma control, including reduced incidence of exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with severe asthma. Clinical benefits were associated with reductions in levels of a broad spectrum of cytokines (eg, interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13) and baseline biomarkers (eg, blood eosinophils, immunoglobulin [Ig]E, fractional exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO]) and were observed across a range of severe asthma phenotypes (ie, eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). These data strengthen the notion that anti-TSLP elicits broad inhibitory effects on pathways that are key to asthma inflammation rather than on narrower inhibition of individual downstream factors. This review presents the rationale for targeting TSLP to treat asthma, as well as the clinical effects of TSLP blockade on asthma outcomes, biomarkers of disease activity, airway inflammation, lung physiology, and patient symptoms.
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Wu M, Yang J, Liu T, Xuan P, Bu B, Xu X, Wu R. Effect of Src tyrosine kinase on a rat model of asthma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:172. [PMID: 35069853 PMCID: PMC8764580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Src tyrosine kinase is a protein encoded by the Src gene. The present study aimed to determine the role of Src protein kinase in asthma using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Several Src siRNAs were designed and the most effective siRNA pair was selected. A rat model of asthma was established using ovalbumin, and the rats were treated with Src siRNA, empty vector or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A non-asthmatic control group was also established. The rats were clinically observed and Src mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Pathological observation of the lung tissue, counting of white blood cells (WBCs) and eosinophils (EOSs) and analysis of the concentrations of IL-5, IL-33 and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were performed. The expression levels of Src mRNA in the control, PBS, empty vector and siRNA groups were 110±30.7x103, 253±55.4x103, 254±41.3x103 and 180±50.9x103, respectively. Histochemical analysis of the lung tissue of rats in the siRNA group exhibited a relatively complete lung structure and little damage to the alveolar cavity. Src protein expression and IL-5, IL-33 levels, WBC and EOS levels were positively correlated with Src mRNA expression, while the IFN-γ concentration was negatively correlated with Src mRNA expression. These results indicate that Src knockdown inhibits the release of tracheal inflammatory factors and significantly alleviates asthma in rats. In conclusion, the present study utilized a gene transfer technique to interfere with the expression of Src in rats, which decreased the levels of IL-5, IL-33, WBCs and EOSs and increased the level of IFN-γ; these changes effectively ameliorated the condition of the trachea in asthmatic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Xuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Baoying Bu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Xiyuan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 14010, P.R. China
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Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7297419. [PMID: 34557550 PMCID: PMC8455209 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7297419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders in adulthood worldwide, whose pathophysiology includes an abnormal immune response accompanied by cytokine dysregulation and inflammation. As the T2D-related inflammation and its progression were associated with the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, anticytokine treatments might represent an additional therapeutic option for T2D patients. This review focuses on existing evidence for antihyperglycemic properties of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and anticytokine agents (anti-TNF-α, anti-interleukin-(IL-) 6, -IL-1, -IL-17, -IL-23, etc.). Emphasis is placed on their molecular mechanisms and on the biological rationale for clinical use. Finally, we briefly summarize the results from experimental model studies and promising clinical trials about the potential of anticytokine therapies in T2D, discussing the effects of these drugs on systemic and islet inflammation, beta-cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity.
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de Freitas Nakata KC, Marques LD, de Oliveira HC, Magalhães GCB, de Oliveira RG, Botelho C. Anti-interleukin-5 in the Management of Eosinophilic Asthma: A Review of Effectiveness, Safety, and Budgetary Impact From the Perspective of the Brazilian Health System. Value Health Reg Issues 2021; 26:169-181. [PMID: 34547665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-5 class therapy agents in the treatment of eosinophilic asthma and the financial impact of these drugs on the Brazilian and Mato Grosso public health systems. METHODS The literature review in important databases was guided by a structured research question including patient or population, intervention, comparator, outcome and type of study. The retrieved studies went through a screening, selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment process. A model with two scenarios, one with mepolizumab and the other with benralizumab, was created for budget impact analysis. RESULTS Evidence indicated that anti-interleukins-5 have an acceptable safety profile and can reduce exacerbation rates by up to 50% in the population with eosinophilic asthma; however, they showed no significant difference in quality of life. The adoption of these drugs in the Brazilian health system can impact the budget from R$ 40,379,731.50 to R$ 140,301,211.34 depending on the drug incorporated, considering a time horizon of 5 years. From the perspective of the state of Mato Grosso, the budget impact may reach, in the fifth year, an amount of R$ 1,301,210.58 and R$ 2,050.687.62 for the scenarios with mepolizumab and benralizumab, respectively. CONCLUSION Anti-interleukins-5 are promising treatments for eosinophilic asthma because they minimise exacerbations and are well tolerated and safe. The financial impact is large, implying that technology costs may be a barrier to accessing this treatment class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Daige Marques
- Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde - NATS/SES/MT, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
| | - Helder Cássio de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde - NATS/SES/MT, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil; Coordenador do NATS-HUJM - Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
| | - Graciane Catarina Batista Magalhães
- Núcleo de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde - NATS/SES/MT, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil; Centro Estadual de Referência em Média e Alta Complexidade - Cermac/SES MT, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Júlio Muller - Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas a Atenção Hospitalar, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
| | - Clóvis Botelho
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT/Universidade de Várzea Grande-MT, Cuiabá-MT, Brasil
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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Sevoflurane modulates AQPs (1,5) expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice lung with allergic airway inflammation. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221068. [PMID: 31710085 PMCID: PMC6879378 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane was found to show protective roles in mice with asthma, however, the mechanism of which needs further exploring. Aquaporins (AQPs) have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, while endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to be related to many inflammatory diseases and involved in protein processing, including AQPs. The present study aimed to determine the role of sevoflurane in AQPs (AQP1,3,4,5) expression in mice with allergic airway inflammation and the probable mechanism. The increased number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung tissue, and the elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL) 13 (IL-13) were all decreased after sevoflurane treatment (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, mRNA levels of AQP1 and AQP5 but not AQP3 and AQP4 were decreased in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic mice lung. Both the decreased mRNA expression and protein levels of AQP1 and AQP5 in allergic lung tissues were reversed by sevoflurane treatment. Furthermore, we established that sevoflurane inhibited the OVA-induced protein increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers BiP and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Collectively, these findings suggested that sevoflurane modulated the expression and protein level of AOPs (AQP1, AQP5) as well as inhibited ER stress response in OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation of mice.
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Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Curcumin for the Treatment of Allergic Asthma: Effects on Expression Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Aquaporins. Inflammation 2020; 42:2037-2047. [PMID: 31407145 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is well known for possessing anti-inflammatory properties and for its beneficial effects in the treatment of asthma. Current study investigates the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin using mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin on day 0 and 14 to induce allergic asthma. Animals were treated with two different doses of curcumin (20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone from day 21 to 28. Mice were also daily challenged intranasally with ovalbumin during treatment period, and all groups were sacrificed at day 28. Histopathological examination showed amelioration of allergic asthma in treated groups as evident by the attenuation of infiltration of inflammatory cells, goblet cell hyperplasia, alveolar thickening, and edema and vascular congestion. Curcumin significantly reduced total and differential leukocyte counts in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significantly suppressed mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (pro-inflammatory cytokines), TNF-α, TGF-β (pro-fibrotic cytokines), eotaxin (chemokine), and heat shock protein 70 (marker of airway obstruction) in treated groups. Attenuation of these pro-inflammatory markers might have led to the suppression of airway inflammation. The expression levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP) and AQP-5 were found significantly elevated in experimental groups which might be responsible for reduction of pulmonary edema. In conclusion, curcumin significantly ameliorated allergic asthma. The anti-asthmatic effect might be attributed to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and elevation of aquaporin expression levels, suggesting further studies and clinical trials to establish its candidature in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Lin LJ, Huang HY. DFSG, a novel herbal cocktail with anti-asthma activity, suppressed MUC5AC in A549 cells and alleviated allergic airway hypersensitivity and inflammatory cell infiltration in a chronic asthma mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109584. [PMID: 31766098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To develop a novel anti-asthma drug. DFSG is a novel herbal cocktail composed of 4 types of herbal medicines. This study explored whether DFSG has the potential to attenuate asthma symptom severity and aimed to determine the immunomodulatory mechanism of DFSG using a chronic asthmatic mouse model induced by repeated challenges with Dermatogoides pteronyssinus (Der p). MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were intratracheally inoculated with Der p (50 μl, 1 mg/ml) once a week for 5 weeks. In addition, 30 min before Der p challenge, the mice were orally administered 1x DFSG (1 g/kg) or 1/2x DFSG (0.5 g/kg). Three days after the final challenge, the mice were sacrificed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, lung histological features, blood total IgE, and cytokine levels in pulmonary alveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, 30 min after the addition of DFSG, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid or chlorogenic acid to A549 cells, 10 ng/ml IL-1β was added to evaluate the effect of the drug on mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) gene expression after stimulation of A549 cells by IL-1β. RESULTS DFSG significantly reduced Der p-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, and total IgE and IgG1 serum levels. Furthermore, DFSG significantly inhibited TH2 cytokines and increased the expression of TH1 cytokines. In addition, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that DFSG inhibited MUC5AC expression in the bronchial epithelial cells. DFSG and a mixture of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid inhibited MUC5AC gene expression in A549 cells after stimulation with IL-1β. CONCLUSION These results suggest that by regulating TH1 and TH2 cytokines and MUC5AC expression, DFSG exhibits anti-airway inflammatory cell infiltration and anti-hyperresponsiveness activity and inhibits specific immunity in a chronic asthmatic mouse model. Therefore, DFSG has potential for development into a drug for chronic asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hui Ying Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Pelaia C, Busceti MT, Vatrella A, Rago GF, Crimi C, Terracciano R, Pelaia G. Real-life rapidity of benralizumab effects in patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma: Assessment of blood eosinophils, symptom control, lung function and oral corticosteroid intake after the first drug dose. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 58:101830. [PMID: 31344472 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benralizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which binds to the α subunit of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor and to the FcγRIIIa receptor expressed by natural killer cells, thus suppressing the pro-eosinophil actions of IL-5 and triggering eosinophil apoptosis via the very effective mechanism of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Because of its recent approval and introduction in clinical practice for the add-on biological therapy of severe eosinophilic asthma, real-life investigations are still lacking. In this regard, our present real-life study refers to 13 patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma, currently under treatment with benralizumab at the Respiratory Unit of "Magna Græcia" University Hospital located in Catanzaro, Italy. Already 4 weeks after the first subcutaneous injection of benralizumab at the dosage of 30 mg, blood eosinophil count rapidly dropped down from 814.7 ± 292.3 cells/μL to 51.3 ± 97.5 cells/μL (p < 0.0001). This relevant hematologic change was associated with quick and significant increases in asthma control test (ACT) score (from 15.31 ± 2.78 to 21.15 ± 3.58; p < 0.0001), pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (from 1441 ± 757.9 mL to 1887 ± 837.3 mL; p < 0.001), and morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) (from 4.21 ± 2.20 to 5.33 ± 1.99 L/sec; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the marked improvement in global health status experienced by our patients allowed them to progressively lower and then completely interrupt, within 4 weeks, their daily intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS), which thereby fell from 15.58 ± 8.30 to 0 mg (p < 0.0001) of prednisone. Therefore, such preliminary results suggest that in patients with severe allergic eosinophilic asthma benralizumab can exert, within a real-life context, a very rapid and effective therapeutic action, already detectable 4 weeks after the first drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Rago
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Pezzulo AA, Tudas RA, Stewart CG, Buonfiglio LGV, Lindsay BD, Taft PJ, Gansemer ND, Zabner J. HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin reverts IL-13- and IL-17-induced airway goblet cell metaplasia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:744-758. [PMID: 30640172 PMCID: PMC6355221 DOI: 10.1172/jci123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell metaplasia, a disabling hallmark of chronic lung disease, lacks curative treatments at present. To identify novel therapeutic targets for goblet cell metaplasia, we studied the transcriptional response profile of IL-13-exposed primary human airway epithelia in vitro and asthmatic airway epithelia in vivo. A perturbation-response profile connectivity approach identified geldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a candidate therapeutic target. Our experiments confirmed that geldanamycin and other HSP90 inhibitors prevented IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia in vitro and in vivo. Geldanamycin also reverted established goblet cell metaplasia. Geldanamycin did not induce goblet cell death, nor did it solely block mucin synthesis or IL-13 receptor-proximal signaling. Geldanamycin affected the transcriptome of airway cells when exposed to IL-13, but not when exposed to vehicle. We hypothesized that the mechanism of action probably involves TGF-β, ERBB, or EHF, which would predict that geldanamycin would also revert IL-17-induced goblet cell metaplasia, a prediction confirmed by our experiments. Our findings suggest that persistent airway goblet cell metaplasia requires HSP90 activity and that HSP90 inhibitors will revert goblet cell metaplasia, despite active upstream inflammatory signaling. Moreover, HSP90 inhibitors may be a therapeutic option for airway diseases with goblet cell metaplasia of unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rosarie A. Tudas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Carley G. Stewart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Brian D. Lindsay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
| | - Peter J. Taft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Gansemer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, and
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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14
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Abstract
Among the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) developed for severe asthma treatment, three have already been marketed. Omalizumab was the first, more than 10 years ago; today, mepolizumab and reslizumab are also available in the European Union and the US. Omalizumab blocks free immunoglobulin E (IgE), mepolizumab and reslizumab block an interleukin (IL-5). In the near future, dupilumab and benralizumab are expected to emerge as two new alternatives. Benralizumab blocks the receptor for IL-5 (IL5-Rα) and has a direct cytotoxic effect on eosinophils, and dupilumab blocks the α-unit of the heterodimeric receptor for IL-4 and IL-13 (IL-4Rα); as a result, dupilumab can block both IL-4 and IL-13. The purpose of this manuscript is to present the pathophysiology of some immunological aspects of severe asthma, describe the adaptive and innate immunity arms as well as their interrelations (stressing the subordination of the adaptive arm to the innate arm), outline the pharmacologic effects of these mAbs, clarify the overlapping effects of the different mAbs, and discuss the differences between mAbs based on their target molecules. Based on the data presented, I propose omalizumab for patients with an allergic phenotype regardless of their peripheral eosinophilic count, and anti-IL-5 as an alternative in allergic patients with blood eosinophilia in which omalizumab has failed; anti-IL5 for patients with an eosinophilic phenotype and omalizumab as an alternative in patients in whom anti-IL5 fails and IgE ≥30 IU/mL (compassionate use). Omalizumab is also proposed for patients with severe chronic asthma allergic to seasonal allergens.
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15
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Zhu L, Ciaccio CE, Casale TB. Potential new targets for drug development in severe asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2018; 11:30. [PMID: 30386455 PMCID: PMC6203275 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-018-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been increasing recognition of varying asthma phenotypes that impact treatment response. This has led to the development of biological therapies targeting specific immune cells and cytokines in the inflammatory cascade. Currently, there are two primary asthma phenotypes, Type 2 hi and Type 2 lo, which are defined by eosinophilic and neutrophilic/pauci- granulocytic pattern of inflammation respectively. Most biologics focus on Type 2 hi asthma, including all four biologics approved for treatment of uncontrolled asthma in the United States — omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. Potential new targets for drug development are being investigated, such as IL-13, IL-4α receptor, CRTH2, TSLP, IL-25, IL-13, IL-17A receptor, and CXCR2/IL-8. This review will discuss the role of these molecules on the inflammatory response in uncontrolled asthma and the emerging biologics that address them. Through the delineation of distinct immunological mechanisms in severe asthma, targeted biologics are promising new therapies that have the potential to improve asthma control and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhu
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore Health System, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Christina E Ciaccio
- Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore Health System, Chicago, IL USA.,3Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue MC 5042, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Thomas B Casale
- 4Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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16
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Pelaia C, Calabrese C, Vatrella A, Busceti MT, Garofalo E, Lombardo N, Terracciano R, Pelaia G. Benralizumab: From the Basic Mechanism of Action to the Potential Use in the Biological Therapy of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4839230. [PMID: 29862274 PMCID: PMC5971345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4839230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a very frequent chronic airway disease that includes many different clinical phenotypes and inflammatory patterns. In particular, eosinophilic bronchial inflammation is often associated with allergic as well as nonallergic asthma. The most important cytokine involved in the induction, maintenance, and amplification of airway eosinophilia in asthma is interleukin-5 (IL-5), released by both T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Hence, IL-5 and its receptor are suitable targets for selective biologic drugs which can play a key role in add-on treatment of severe eosinophilic asthma refractory to corticosteroids. Within such a context, the anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies mepolizumab and reslizumab have been developed and approved for biological therapy of uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma. In this regard, on the basis of several successful randomized controlled trials, the anti-IL-5 receptor benralizumab has also recently obtained the approval from US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia ed Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Bruni A, Terracciano R, Pelaia G. Benralizumab in the treatment of severe asthma: design, development and potential place in therapy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:619-628. [PMID: 29606855 PMCID: PMC5868576 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s155307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a widespread and heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways, which is characterized by several different phenotypes and endotypes. In particular, eosinophilic airway inflammation is a common pathologic trait of both allergic and nonallergic asthma. The key cytokine responsible for maturation, activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils is interleukin (IL)-5, which is mainly produced by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Therefore, for uncontrolled patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, who are not fully responsive to corticosteroids, IL-5 represents a very important molecular target for add-on biological therapies. Among these new treatments, anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies such as mepolizumab and reslizumab have been developed and clinically evaluated. Furthermore, benralizumab is currently the only available biologic drug that specifically binds to the IL-5 receptor, thus preventing the interaction with its ligand and the consequent pro-inflammatory effects. The effectiveness of benralizumab in improving severe eosinophilic asthma has been well-documented by many randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Tabatabaian F, Ledford DK, Casale TB. Biologic and New Therapies in Asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 37:329-343. [PMID: 28366480 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several biologics are currently FDA approved for asthma that target Th2 high patients. Unfortunately, 50% of patients with severe asthma do not fit this phenotype of disease and have fewer effective therapeutic options. In the clinical setting, total IgE, FeNO and peripheral blood eosinophils are important tools in defining Th2 high patients with asthma. However, precise biomarkers to predict better response to one specific Th2 high asthma therapy versus another is lacking. It is important to recognize that none of the current medications targeting the Th2 pathway induces persistent immunomodulation or remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Tabatabaian
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 13330 USF Laurel Dr. 5th Floor, MDC 80, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
| | - Dennis K Ledford
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 13330 USF Laurel Dr. 5th Floor, MDC 80, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, James A. Haley VA Hospital, University of South Florida, 13000 Bruce B, Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Thomas B Casale
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 13330 USF Laurel Dr. 5th Floor, MDC 80, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, MDC 19, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
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19
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Rubinsztajn R, Chazan R. Monoclonal Antibodies for the Management of Severe Asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 935:35-42. [PMID: 27334730 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease. Most patients respond to current standard of care, i.e., bronchodilators, inhaled glucocorticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory drugs, but in some adequate asthma control cannot be achieved with standard treatments. These difficult-to-treat patients would be the target population for new biological therapies. At present, omalizumab is the only biological agent approved for the treatment of early-onset, severe IgE-dependent asthma. It is safe, effective, and well tolerated. Also, discovery of asthma subtypes suggests new treatments. Half of patients with severe asthma have T-helper type 2 (Th-2) inflammation and they are expected to benefit from monoclonal antibody-based treatments. The efficacy of the investigational monoclonal antibody mepolizumab which targets IL-5 has been well documented in late onset non-atopic asthma with persistent eosinophilic airway inflammation. Anti-IL-4 and IL-13 agents (dupilumab, lebrikizumab, and tralokinumab) which block different Th-2 inflammatory pathways and agents targeting the Th-17 inflammatory pathway in severe refractory asthma are under development. In clinical trials, these drugs reduce disease activity and improve lung function, asthma symptoms, and quality of life. However, studies on larger groups of patients are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rubinsztajn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszarda Chazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Busceti MT, Gallelli L, Terracciano R, Savino R, Pelaia G. Severe eosinophilic asthma: from the pathogenic role of interleukin-5 to the therapeutic action of mepolizumab. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:3137-3144. [PMID: 29133975 PMCID: PMC5669784 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s150656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mepolizumab is an anti-interleukin-5 (IL-5) humanized monoclonal antibody that has been recently approved as an add-on biological treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma, by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Moreover, mepolizumab is also currently included within the step 5 of the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, as an add-on therapy for severe uncontrolled asthma. The relevant therapeutic benefits detectable in patients with refractory eosinophilic asthma receiving mepolizumab depend on the pivotal pathogenic role played by IL-5 in these subjects. Indeed, IL-5 is the key cytokine responsible for maturation, activation, proliferation, and survival of eosinophils. Therefore, IL-5 represents a strategic molecular target for anti-eosinophilic treatments. By selectively inhibiting the biological actions of IL-5, mepolizumab provides a valuable therapeutic option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, refractory to standard treatments including inhaled and even systemic corticosteroids. In particular, the very important advantages linked to the use of mepolizumab in these difficult-to-treat asthmatic individuals have been well documented by several different trials performed worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro
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21
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Lee CC, Lin CL, Leu SJ, Lee YL. Overexpression of Notch ligand Delta-like-1 by dendritic cells enhances their immunoregulatory capacity and exerts antiallergic effects on Th2-mediated allergic asthma in mice. Clin Immunol 2017; 187:58-67. [PMID: 29038036 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, and Notch ligand Delta-like-1 (DLL1) on DCs was implicated in type 1T helper (Th1) differentiation. In this study, we produced genetically engineered bone marrow-derived DCs that expressed DLL1 (DLL1-DCs) by adenoviral transduction. DLL1-DCs exerted a fully mature phenotype, and had positive effects on expression levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and costimulatory molecules. Coculture of allogeneic T cells with ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed DLL1-DCs enhanced T cell proliferative responses and promoted Th1 cell differentiation. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of OVA-stimulated DLL1-DCs into asthmatic mice alleviated the cardinal features of allergic asthma, including immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and production of Th2-type cytokines. Notably, enhanced levels of the Th1-biased IgG2a response and interferon (IFN)-γ production were observed in these mice. Taken together, these data indicate that DLL1-DCs promoted Th1 cell development to alter the Th1/Th2 ratio and ameliorate Th2-mediated allergic asthma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Pelaia C, Vatrella A, Gallelli L, Terracciano R, Navalesi P, Maselli R, Pelaia G. Dupilumab for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1565-1572. [PMID: 28990423 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1387245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dupilumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody directed against the α subunit of the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Since the activation of IL-4Rα is utilized by both IL-4 and IL-13 to mediate their pathophysiological effects, dupilumab behaves as a dual antagonist of these two sister cytokines, which blocks IL-4/IL-13-dependent signal transduction. Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the cellular and molecular pathways activated by IL-4 and IL-13, which are relevant to asthma pathobiology. They also review: the mechanism of action of dupilumab, the phase I, II and III studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics as well as the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of dupilumab in asthma therapy. Expert opinion: Supported by a strategic mechanism of action, as well as by convincing preliminary clinical results, dupilumab currently appears to be a very promising biological drug for the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. It also may have benefits to comorbidities of asthma including atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- b Department of Medicine , Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- c Department of Health Science , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- c Department of Health Science , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Rosario Maselli
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
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Chiang CY, Lee CC, Fan CK, Huang HM, Chiang BL, Lee YL. Osthole treatment ameliorates Th2-mediated allergic asthma and exerts immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cell maturation and function. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:cmi201771. [PMID: 28782757 PMCID: PMC5675958 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osthole, an active component of Chinese herbal medicines, reportedly possesses various pharmacological properties and has potential therapeutic applications. This study explored the anti-allergic effects of osthole in asthmatic mice and investigated the immunomodulatory actions of osthole on dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. Herein, we show that oral administration of osthole to BALB/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization ameliorated all of the cardinal features of T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated allergic asthma; namely, the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and the production of Th2-type cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Surprisingly, IL-10 production was not inhibited and was even enhanced by osthole treatment. We observed a significant increase in the percentages of IL-10-producing DCs and forkhead box P3-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells in osthole-treated asthmatic mice. Additionally, in vitro analyses revealed that osthole-treated bone-marrow-derived DCs had a partial maturation phenotype, secreting large amounts of IL-10 and low levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and displaying reduced levels of MHC class II surface molecules. These DCs displayed immunosuppressive capacity by directly inhibiting effector T-cell responses or inducing Treg cells. In addition, osthole directly inhibited the activated CD4+ T-cell proliferation and Th1/Th2-type cytokine production in this system. Collectively, these results suggest that DCs and T cells are potential target cells responsible for the action of osthole against allergic asthma.Cellular &Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 7 August 2017; doi:10.1038/cmi.2017.71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China
| | - Chen-Chen Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan, China
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, China
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Lee YT, Wu CT, Sun HL, Ko JL, Lue KH. Fungal immunomodulatory protein-fve could modulate airway remodel through by affect IL17 cytokine. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 51:598-607. [PMID: 28709839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the most common allergic diseases. Our previous studies have reported that FIP-fve in acute allergic mouse model can reduce inflammation, improve the balance of the Th1/Th2 system. However, the effects of reducing airway remodeling on FIP-fve is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that orally administrated FIP-fve should be able to reduce airway remodeling in chronic allergic models. METHODS The chronic asthma animal model was established with 6-8 weeks female Balb/c mice. After intranasal challenges with OVA, the airway inflammation and AHR were determined by a BUXCO system. BALF was analyzed with Liu's stain and ELISA assay. Lung histopathologic changes and Collagen deposition were assayed with H&E, Masson's trichrome and IHC stain. RESULTS FIP-fve significantly decreased the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines and increased Th1 cytokines in BALF and serum compared with the OVA sensitized mice. FIP-fve had a better effect than corticosteroid could reduce infiltrating cells in lung especially neutrophils and eosinophils. We also found that the oral FIP-fve group suppressed IL-17 and enhanced IL-22 in the serum and BALF. In addition, oral FIP-fve decreased MMP9 expression, collagen expression and airway remodeling in lung tissues. CONCLUSION FIP-fve had anti-inflammatory effects on OVA-induced airway inflammation and an effect to inhibited Th17 cells to reduced airway remodeling and collagen expression. Moreover, FIP-fve might be a potential alternative therapy for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ta Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Haung Lue
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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25
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Parande Shirvan S, Ebrahimby A, Dousty A, Maleki M, Movassaghi A, Borji H, Haghparast A. Somatic extracts of Marshallagia marshalli downregulate the Th2 associated immune responses in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:233. [PMID: 28494800 PMCID: PMC5427607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently the role of gastrointestinal nematodes in modulating the immune responses in inflammatory and immune-mediated conditions such as allergy and autoimmune diseases has been introduced. This is mainly due to the suppressive effects of somatic and excretory secretory (ES) products of nematodes on the immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory potentials of somatic products of Marshallagia marshalli, a gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, to suppress the immune-mediated responses in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (IP) sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA)/Alum and then challenged with 1% OVA. Somatic products of M. marshalli were administered during each sensitization. The effects of somatic products on development of allergic airway inflammation were evaluated by analyzing inflammatory cells recruitment, histopathological changes, cytokines production (IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, TGF-β) and serum antibody titers (IgG1, IgG2a). Results Somatic products of M. marshalli were able to suppress the induction of allergic airway inflammation in mice. Modulation of Th2 type responses (IL-4, IL-13, IgG1) via upregulations of IL-10 and TGF-β production was observed after injection of somatic products of M. marshalli. In addition, inflammatory cells infiltration and pathological disorders were significantly diminished following administration of somatic products. Conclusions Our data raised the possibility that helminths could be a potential therapeutic candidate to alleviate the inflammatory conditions in allergic asthma. According to these results, we concluded that M. marshalli may contain immune-modulatory molecules that attenuate allergic airway inflammation via induction of regulatory cytokines. Further investigations are required to identify molecules that might have potentials for development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Parande Shirvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahimby
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Dousty
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maleki
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Movassaghi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Haghparast
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box: 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran.
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Molinaro F, Angotti R, Garzi A, Di Crescenzo VG, Cortese A, Messina M. Prenatal diagnosis, 3-D virtual rendering and lung sparing surgery by ligasure device in a baby with "CCAM and intralobar pulmonary sequestration". Open Med (Wars) 2017; 11:200-203. [PMID: 28352794 PMCID: PMC5329825 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cystic lung lesions are a rare but clinically significant group of anomalies, including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), pulmonary sequestration, congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) and bronchogenic cysts. Despite the knowledge of these lesions increasing in the last years, some aspects are still debated and controversial. The diagnosis is certainly one aspect which underwent many changes in the last 15 years due to the improvement of antenatal scan and the introduction of 3-D reconstruction techniques. As it is known, a prompt diagnosis has an essential role in the management of these children. The new imaging studies as 3D Volume rendering system are the focus of this paper. We describe our preliminary experience in a case of hybrid lung lesion, which we approached by thoracoscopy after a preoperative study with 3D VR reconstruction. Our final balance is absolutely positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Molinaro
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Angotti
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Alfredo Garzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Piazza Sergardi, 16, 52044 Cortona (AR) Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Messina
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Italy
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27
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Cascone AM, Siano M, Angrisani B, Di Crescenzo RM, Vatrella A, Selleri C, Salzano F, Zeppa P. Fine-needle cytology in the follow-up of breast carcinoma. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:167-171. [PMID: 27873102 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The postoperative follow-up strategies for breast carcinoma (BC) utilize different procedures; the aim of this study was to investigate the role of fine-needle cytology (FNC) in the follow-up of BC patients. Two hundred sixty-six FNC samples from 190 BC patients have been reviewed. The target anatomical sites were 190 breast including 155 ipsilateral and 145 contralateral breast lesions and 76 extra-mammary nodules. Extra-mammary lesions included lymph nodes, thyroidal nodules, soft tissue lesions, (subcutaneous and sub-scars), salivary glands and deep located masses. Diagnostic distribution of the breast lesions was as follows: 51 positive, 15 indeterminate/suspicious, 119 negative and 5 inadequate. Positive cases included 43 ipsilateral and 8 contralateral BC, 9 BC in different quadrants from those of onset of the first BC. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy have been 90, 91 and 90&, respectively. FNC, in a correct setting, is a reliable and effective method for the follow-up management of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Cascone
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Siano
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Basilio Angrisani
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Salzano
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno, Largo Città d'Ippocrate n.1, 84100, Salerno, Italy.
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Kawakami T, Blank U. From IgE to Omalizumab. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4187-4192. [PMID: 27864548 PMCID: PMC5123831 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgE is the least abundant Ig isotype, yet it plays a critical role in allergic reactions and host protection from helminth infection. Although IgE was discovered 50 years ago, the ultimate evidence for its role in human allergic diseases was obtained by the efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in many clinical trials on asthma and other allergic diseases. Beginning from the discovery of IgE 50 y ago, followed by studies of IgE receptors and activation mechanisms, this review provides a historic perspective of allergy research that has led to the development of anti-IgE therapy and other strategies targeting IgE and its receptors. Current IgE studies toward future precision medicine are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM Unité 1149, Centre de Recherche sur I'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
- CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8252, 75018 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; and
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Xavier Bichat Site, 75018 Paris, France
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29
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Vitale C, Galderisi A, Maglio A, Laperuta P, Di Crescenzo RM, Selleri C, Molino A, Vatrella A. Diagnostic yield and safety of C-TBNA in elderly patients with lung cancer. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:477-481. [PMID: 28352839 PMCID: PMC5329871 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (C-TBNA) is a minimally invasive technique used primarily in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Currently lung cancer is mostly considered a disease of the elderly and the management of this disease in older patients is a growing concern. In this study we aimed to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of C-TBNA in elderly patients. A retrospective review of 88 consecutive C-TBNA procedures for nodal staging in suspected or confirmed primary lung cancer or pathological confirmation in suspected advanced lung cancer was performed. Patients were divided into less than 70 (<70yrs) or 70 and older (≥70yrs) age groups for analysis. There were no significant differences either in the diagnostic yield (69% in patients aged < 70 yrs and 74% patients aged ≥ 70 yrs (p=0.5) nor in the complication rate (respectively 8.8% in patients aged < 70 yrs and 6.9% in patients aged ≥ 70 yrs (p=0.7) between the two age groups. Reported complications were minor bleeding and poor tolerance; no major complications were observed. Based on our experience, C-TBNA represents a useful and safe alternative procedure for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Galderisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Laperuta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Molino
- Respiratory Department, High Speciality Hospital ‘V. Monaldi’ and University ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Italy
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30
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Giudice V, Rosamilio R, Ferrara I, Seneca E, Serio B, Selleri C. Efficacy and safety of splenectomy in adult autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:374-380. [PMID: 28352823 PMCID: PMC5329855 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematologic disease, primarily affecting adults or children with immunodeficiency disease. First-line therapy consists of long course of steroids administration, with an early complete response rate (CRr) of 75-80%, but up to 20-30% of patients requires a second-line therapy. Rituximab is the first choice in refractory old AIHA patients, because of its safety and efficacy (early CRr at 80-90% and at 68% at 2-3 years). For this reason, splenectomy is even less chosen as second-line therapy in elderly, even though laparoscopic technique decreased complication and mortality rates. However, splenectomy can be still considered a good therapeutic option with a CRr of 81% at 35.6 months in patients older than 60 year-old, when rituximab administration cannot be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giudice
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosamilio
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Idalucia Ferrara
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Elisa Seneca
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Hematology and Transplant Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84131, Italy , Tel. +39 089673150, mobile: 3356166591
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31
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Pelaia G, Vatrella A, Busceti MT, Gallelli L, Preianò M, Lombardo N, Terracciano R, Maselli R. Role of biologics in severe eosinophilic asthma - focus on reslizumab. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:1075-82. [PMID: 27445482 PMCID: PMC4936812 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the context of the heterogeneous phenotypic stratification of asthmatic population, many patients are characterized by moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma, not adequately controlled by relatively high dosages of inhaled and even oral corticosteroids. Therefore, these subjects can obtain significant therapeutic benefits by additional biologic treatments targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5), given the key pathogenic role played by this cytokine in maturation, activation, proliferation, and survival of eosinophils. In particular, reslizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody that has been found to be an effective and safe add-on therapy, capable of decreasing asthma exacerbations and significantly improving disease control and lung function in patients experiencing persistent allergic or nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, despite the regular use of moderate-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. These important therapeutic effects of reslizumab, demonstrated by several controlled clinical trials, have led to the recent approval by US Food and Drug Administration of its use, together with other antiasthma medications, for the maintenance treatment of patients suffering from severe uncontrolled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Maselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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32
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Calabrese C, Gilli M, De Rosa N, Di Crescenzo V, Zeppa P, Vitale C, Vatrella A. Role of FDG-PET scan in staging of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:158-162. [PMID: 28352786 PMCID: PMC5329812 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we describe a case of pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEH) in a young woman. The neoplasm manifested with dry cough, chest pain, finger clubbing, and multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules on chest x-ray and computed tomographic (CT) scan. She underwent thoracoscopy, and the histological features of the lung biopsies were initially interpreted as consistent with a not-well-defined interstitial lung disease. Our patient was clinically and radiologically stable over a period of four years, after which the disease progressed to involve not only the lung but also mediastinal lymph nodes, liver and bone. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed subtotal occlusion of the right middle and lower lobe bronchi. The histologic examination of bronchial biopsies revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and vascular markers CD31, CD34 and Factor VIII. A diagnosis of malignant hemangioendothelioma was made. Positron emission tomography (PET) is more sensitive than CT scan and bone scintigraphy in detecting PEH metastases. Furthermore, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake seems to be related to the grade of malignancy of PEH lesions. Therefore, we suggest that FDG-PET should be included in the staging system and follow-up of PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Gilli
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolina De Rosa
- AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Division of Pulmonary Oncology, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Crescenzo
- AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Division of Pathology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Division of Pathology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carolina Vitale
- AORN Ospedale dei Colli, Division of Pathology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Baronissi Campus, Via S. Allende, Baronissi (SA), Italy
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Caleo A, Landolfi L, Vitale M, Di Crescenzo V, Vatrella A, De Rosa G, Peluso AL, Zeppa P. The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle cytology of Hurthle cell lesions; A comprehensive cytological, clinical and ultrasonographic experience. Int J Surg 2016; 28 Suppl 1:S65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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34
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Pedicelli I, Patriciello G, Scala G, Sorrentino A, Gravino G, Patriciello P, Zeppa P, Di Crescenzo V, Vatrella A. Cushing's like syndrome in typical bronchial carcinoid a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 20S:1-4. [PMID: 26923475 PMCID: PMC4883057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cushing’s syndrome occurred in 1–5% of cases of bronchial carcinoids. In this paper we describe a case of typical bronchial carcinoid in a nonsmoker young male with clinical manifestations mimicking a Cushing’s syndrome. The patient performed chest radiograph and computed tomography. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed the presence of an endobronchial mass occluding the bronchus intermedius. A rigid bronchoscopy was necessary for the conclusive diagnosis and for partial resection of the intraluminal tumor. Despite of the presence of Cushingoid features, the normal blood levels of ACTH and cortisol excluded the coexistence of a Cushing’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pedicelli
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Ospedali Riuniti Area Nolana, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Scala
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Ospedali Riuniti Area Nolana, Italy.
| | | | - Gennaro Gravino
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Ospedali Riuniti Area Nolana, Italy.
| | | | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy.
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35
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Di Crescenzo V, Vitale M, Valvano L, Napolitano F, Vatrella A, Zeppa P, De Rosa G, Amato B, Laperuta P. Surgical management of cervico-mediastinal goiters: Our experience and review of the literature. Int J Surg 2015; 28 Suppl 1:S47-53. [PMID: 26721191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We analyze and discuss the clinical presentation, the diagnostic procedures and the surgical technique in relation to post-operative complications and results in cervico-mediastinal thyroid masses admitted in Thoracic Surgery Unit of AOU Second University of Naples from 1991 to 2006 and in Thoracic Surgery Unit of AOU "S. Giovanni di Dio & Ruggi D'Aragona" of Salerno over a period of 3 years (2011-2014). METHODS We reviewed 97 patients who underwent surgical treatment for cervico-mediastinal goiters. 47 patients (49.2%) had cervico-mediastinal goiter, 40 patients (40%) had mediastino-cervical goiter and 10 patients (10.8%) had mediastinal goiter. 73 cases were prevascular goiters and 24 were retrovascular goiters. We performed total thyroidectomy in 40 patients, subtotal thyroidectomy in 46 patients and in 11 cases the resection of residual goiter. In 75 patients we used only a cervical approach, in 21 patients the cervical incision was combined with median sternotomy and in 1 patient with transverse sternotomy. RESULTS Three patients (3.1%) died in the postoperative period (2 cardio-respiratory failure and 1 pulmonary embolism). The histologic study revelead 8 (7.7%) carcinomas. Postoperative complications were: dyspnea in 9 cases (10.7%), transient vocal cord paralysis in 6 patients (9.2%), temporary hypoparathyroidism in 9 patients (9.2%) and kidney failure in 1 case (0.9%). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a cervico-mediastinal thyroid mass with or without respiratory distress requires a surgical excision as the only treatment option. Thyroid masses extending to the mediastinum can be excised successfully by cervical incision. Bipolar approach (cervical incision and sternotomy) has an excellent outcome, achieving a safe resection, especially in large thyroid masses extending to the mediastinum with close relations to mediastinal structures and in some limited cases (carcinoma, thyroiditis, retrovascular goiter, ectopic goiter). Postoperative mortality and morbidity is very low, independent of surgical techniques. Other surgical approaches for excision of a Posterior Mediastinal Thyroid Goiter reported in literature are: VATS techniques to remove an ectopic intrathoracic goiter, robot-assisted technique for the removal of a substernal thyroid goiter, with extension into the posterior mediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Di Crescenzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - M Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - L Valvano
- General Surgery Unit, AOU "S. Giovanni di Dio & Ruggi D'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
| | - F Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - A Vatrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - P Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | - G De Rosa
- Biomorphological and Functional Sciences Department, Italy.
| | - B Amato
- Department of Public Health, "Federico II" University of Naples, Italy.
| | - P Laperuta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Italy.
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Cortese A, Pantaleo G, D'Alessio G, Garzi A, Amato M. Hemangiomas of the maxillofacial area: Case Report, Classification and Treatment Planning. Open Med (Wars) 2015; 10:529-534. [PMID: 28352749 PMCID: PMC5368859 DOI: 10.1515/med-2015-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular lesions of the maxillofacial area are even more challenging than in other different body district, because of the high aesthetic and functional relevance of this area for the sense organs presence like eye, brain, tongue, ear and nose. For these reasons, we propose an accurate classification based on hemodynamic and histologic aspects usefulthat is for diagnostic and therapeutic planning. A female, 60 years old patient came to our observation showing a vascular lesion of the lower left lip, and complaining for aesthetical and functional impairment. To confirm the diagnosis of vascular malformation and to detect lesion flow rate or other possible localization, a Tc red blood cell scintigraphy was carried out. Result was a venous low flow lesion; hence, sclerotherapy by a 3% Polidocanol solution (Atossisclerol) followed by surgery was planned. The aim of this work was to propose a diagnostic and therapeutic scheme with an integration of ISSVA and a flow rate classifications for a three-step planning based on 1) the biological findings in an early age at the lesion discover with a pharmacological treatment; 2) Hemodynamic study of the lesions at growing age followed by sclerotherapy or embolization; 3) Imaging study of these lesions for patients candidate to surgery when after step 1 and step 2 diagnostic and therapeutic planning results were incompletely successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cortese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Garzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Ferulic Acid Induces Th1 Responses by Modulating the Function of Dendritic Cells and Ameliorates Th2-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:678487. [PMID: 26495021 PMCID: PMC4606409 DOI: 10.1155/2015/678487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of ferulic acid (FA) on antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and its antiallergic effects against ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced Th2-mediated allergic asthma in mice. The activation of FA-treated bone marrow-derived DCs by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced a high level of interleukin- (IL-) 12 but reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α. Compared to control-treated DCs, FA significantly enhanced the expressions of Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4), MHC class II, and CD40 molecules by these DCs. Furthermore, these FA-treated DCs enhanced T-cell proliferation and Th1 cell polarization. In animal experiments, oral administration of FA reduced the levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 and enhanced IgG2a antibody production in serum. It also ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and attenuated eosinophilic pulmonary infiltration in dose-dependent manners. In addition, FA treatment inhibited the production of eotaxin, Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), and proinflammatory cytokines but promoted the Th1 cytokine interferon- (IFN-) γ production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the culture supernatant of spleen cells. These findings suggest that FA exhibits an antiallergic effect via restoring Th1/Th2 imbalance by modulating DCs function in an asthmatic mouse model.
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Liravi B, Piedrafita D, Nguyen G, Bischof RJ. Dynamics of IL-4 and IL-13 expression in the airways of sheep following allergen challenge. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 26362930 PMCID: PMC4566292 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-4 and IL-13 play a critical yet poorly understood role in orchestrating the recruitment and activation of effector cells of the asthmatic response and driving the pathophysiology of allergic asthma. The house dust mite (HDM) sheep asthma model displays many features of the human condition and is an ideal model to further elucidate the involvement of these critical Th2 cytokines. We hypothesized that airway exposure to HDM allergen would induce or elevate the expression profile of IL-4 and IL-13 during the allergic airway response in this large animal model of asthma. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from saline- and house dust mite (HDM)- challenged lung lobes of sensitized sheep from 0 to 48 h post-challenge. BAL cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) were each measured by ELISA. IL-4 and IL-13 expression was assessed in BAL leukocytes by flow cytometry and in airway tissue sections by immunohistology. Results IL-4 and IL-13 were increased in BAL samples following airway allergen challenge. HDM challenge resulted in a significant increase in BAL IL-4 levels at 4 h compared to saline-challenged airways, while BAL IL-13 levels were elevated at all time-points after allergen challenge. IL-6 levels were maintained following HDM challenge but declined after saline challenge, while HDM administration resulted in an acute elevation in IL-10 at 4 h but no change in TNF-α levels over time. Lymphocytes were the main early source of IL-4, with IL-4 release by alveolar macrophages (AMs) prominent from 24 h post-allergen challenge. IL-13 producing AMs were increased at 4 and 24 h following HDM compared to saline challenge, and tissue staining provided evidence of IL-13 expression in airway epithelium as well as immune cells in airway tissue. Conclusion In a sheep model of allergic asthma, airway inflammation is accompanied by the temporal release of key cytokines following allergen exposure that primarily reflects the Th2-driven nature of the immune response in asthma. The present study demonstrates for the first time the involvement of IL-4 and IL-13 in a relevant large animal model of allergic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Liravi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, 3842, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gary Nguyen
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia.
| | - Robert J Bischof
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia. .,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia.
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Cellular mechanisms underlying eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:879783. [PMID: 25878402 PMCID: PMC4386709 DOI: 10.1155/2015/879783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.
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Raedler D, Ballenberger N, Klucker E, Böck A, Otto R, Prazeres da Costa O, Holst O, Illig T, Buch T, von Mutius E, Schaub B. Identification of novel immune phenotypes for allergic and nonallergic childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Harkness LM, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Asthma is not only an airway disease, but also a vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:17-33. [PMID: 25460035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified an expansion and morphological dysregulation of the bronchial vascular network in the airways of asthmatics. Increased number, size and density of blood vessels, as well as vascular leakage and plasma engorgement, have been reported in the airways of patients with all grades of asthma from mild to fatal. This neovascularisation is an increasingly commonly reported feature of airway remodelling; however, the pathophysiological impact of the increased vasculature in the bronchial wall and its significance to pulmonary function in asthma are unrecognised at this time. Multiple factors capable of influencing the development and persistence of the vascular network exist within asthmatic airway tissue. These include structural components of the altered extracellular matrix (ECM), imbalance of proteases and their endogenous inhibitors, release of active matrikines and the dysregulated levels of both soluble and matrix sequestered growth factors. This review will explore the features of the asthmatic airway which influence the development and persistence of the increased vascular network, as well as the effect of enhanced tissue perfusion on chronic inflammation and airway dynamics. The response of cells of the airways to the altered vascular profile and the subsequent influence on the features of airway remodelling will also be highlighted. We will explore the failure of current asthma therapeutics in "normalising" this vascular remodelling. Finally, we will summarize the outcomes of recent clinical trials which provide hope that anti-angiogenic therapies may be a potent asthma-resolving class of drugs and provide a new approach to asthma management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Harkness
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Wu CT, Chen PJ, Lee YT, Ko JL, Lue KH. Effects of immunomodulatory supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus on airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:625-635. [PMID: 25440975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common allergic disease. In previous studies, probiotics improved the balance of intestinal microbes, reduced inflammation, and promoted mucosal tolerance. This study investigated whether oral administrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) inhibited allergen (ovalbumin or OVA)-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. METHODS The allergy/asthma animal model in this study was sensitization with OVA. After intranasal challenge with OVA, the airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness were determined by a Buxco system, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis with Liu stain, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathologic changes in the lung were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Both pre- and post-treatment with LGG suppressed the airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine and significantly decreased the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells and Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum compared with the OVA-sensitized mice. In addition, LGG reduced OVA-specific IgE levels in serum. Oral LGG decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in lung tissue and inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION LGG had an anti-inflammatory effect on OVA-induced airway inflammation and might be an additional or supplementary therapy for allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ta Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jung Chen
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Haung Lue
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Vatrella A, Fabozzi I, Calabrese C, Maselli R, Pelaia G. Dupilumab: a novel treatment for asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2014; 7:123-30. [PMID: 25214796 PMCID: PMC4159398 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s52387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously with the steady progress towards a better knowledge of the pathobiology of asthma, the potential usefulness of anticytokine therapies is emerging as one of the key concepts in the newly developing treatments of this widespread airway disease. In particular, given the key role played by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in the pathophysiology of the most typical aspects of asthma, such as chronic airway inflammation, tissue remodeling, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, these pleiotropic cytokines are now considered as suitable therapeutic targets. Among the recently developed antiasthma biologic drugs, the monoclonal antibody dupilumab is very promising because of its ability to inhibit the biological effects of both IL-4 and IL-13. Indeed, dupilumab prevents IL-4/13 interactions with the α-subunit of the IL-4 receptor complex. A recent trial showed that in patients with difficult-to-control asthma, dupilumab can markedly decrease asthma exacerbations and improve respiratory symptoms and lung function; these effects were paralleled by significant reductions in T-helper 2-associated inflammatory biomarkers. However, further larger and longer trials are required to extend and validate these preliminary results, and also to carefully study the safety and tolerability profile of dupilumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Immacolata Fabozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Maselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Age as a risk factor in the occurrence of pneumothorax after transthoracic fine needle biopsy: our experience. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 2:S29-S32. [PMID: 25180637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) of the lung is a well-established technique for diagnosing many thoracic lesions, and is an important alternative to more invasive surgical procedures. Complications of TTNB include pneumothorax, hemoptysis, hemothorax, infection, and air embolism, with the most common complication as pneumothorax. From June 2011 to June 2014 we performed a prospective study of 188 patients who underwent TTNB with CT guidance at University Hospital of Salerno, Italy. Pneumothorax occurred in 14 of 188 biopsies (7.45%). With the respect of age of patients pneumothorax occurred more frequently in patients aged 60-70 years, while it was less frequent in younger (<60 years) and older patients (>70 years). In conclusion, data of our prospective study documented that CT-guided TTNB is a safe and reliable procedure in elderly patients with suspected chest malignancy and is well tolerated.
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Raedler D, Schaub B. Immune mechanisms and development of childhood asthma. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:647-56. [PMID: 25008972 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early life influences are crucial for the development of distinct childhood asthma phenotypes, which are currently included under the term asthma syndrome. Improved characterisation of different childhood asthma phenotypes will help to elucidate specific underlying immune mechanisms--namely, endotypes. Besides genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors have an effect on innate and adaptive immune regulatory networks. Crucial determining factors for complex immune regulation and barrier function include family history of atopy, respiratory infections, microbiome, and nutrition. Recent diagnostic approaches, including biomarkers, might offer a unique opportunity to improve definitions of asthma sub-phenotypes, prediction of outcome, and treatment options, by referring to the underlying pathophysiology. For prevention and patient-individualised medicine, a multifactorial approach incorporating deep phenotyping and mathematical models for analysis to extend our present knowledge is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Raedler
- University Children's Hospital Munich, Department of Allergy and Pulmonary, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- University Children's Hospital Munich, Department of Allergy and Pulmonary, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Lung Research, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre, Munich, Germany.
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