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Lu X, Liu X, Liang E, Yang R, Liu Y, Liu X, Yan F, Xing Y. Panax quinquefolius saponin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:129. [PMID: 37085826 PMCID: PMC10120105 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS) is the main active component of Panax quinquefolius. Emerging evidence suggests that PQS exerts beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of PQS in vascular calcification are not unclear. The present study investigated the effects of PQS on the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs). METHODS The present study used calcification medium containing 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) to induce rat VSMCs calcification. We investigated the effects of PQS on VSMCs calcification using alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), osteogenic markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were also measured. RESULTS Treatment with Pi significantly increased intracellular calcium deposition and ALP activity, which were suppressed by PQS in a concentration-dependent manner. During VSMCs calcification, PQS inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and BMP2. PQS treatment reduced intracellular ROS production and significantly upregulated Nrf2 transcriptional activity and the expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant gene HO-1. PQS suppressed the Pi-induced protein expression of Keap1, which is an endogenous inhibitor of Nrf2. Keap1 siRNA treatment induced Nrf2 expression and downregulated Runx2 expression in the presence of Pi and PQS. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that PQS could effectively inhibit VSMCs calcification by ameliorating oxidative stress and regulating osteogenic genes via the promotion of Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Ershun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Xing
- Department of Medical Insurance, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Yu W, Ilyas I, Hu X, Xu S, Yu H. Therapeutic potential of paeoniflorin in atherosclerosis: A cellular action and mechanism-based perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072007. [PMID: 36618414 PMCID: PMC9811007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence, prevalence and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are increasing globally. Atherosclerosis is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease which involves inflammation and immune dysfunction. P. lactiflora Pall. is a plant origin traditional medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases for more than a millennium in China, Japan and Korean. Paeoniflorin is a bioactive monomer extracted from P. lactiflora Pall. with anti-atherosclerosis effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism whereby paeoniflorin protects against atherosclerosis from the unique angle of inflammation and immune-related pathway dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets and mast cells. Paeoniflorin, with multiple protective effects in atherosclerosis, has the potential to be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the challenges and future perspective of paeoniflorin in translational cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China,Center for Drug Research and Development, Anhui Renovo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Center for Drug Research and Development, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interfacial Controlling Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hui Yu,
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Klimontov VV, Saik OV, Korbut AI. Glucose Variability: How Does It Work? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157783. [PMID: 34360550 PMCID: PMC8346105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton I. Korbut
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
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Yan T, Zhang Z, Li D. NGF receptors and PI3K/AKT pathway involved in glucose fluctuation-induced damage to neurons and α-lipoic acid treatment. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:38. [PMID: 32943002 PMCID: PMC7499848 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose fluctuation promotes neuronal apoptosis, which plays a central role in diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Nerve growth factor (NGF), and its interaction with high-affinity (TrkA) and low-affinity (p75NTR) receptors, are involved in neuronal survival. NGF/TrkA contributes to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is beneficial for neuronal survival, and α-Lipoic acid (ALA) exerts clinically favorable neuroprotective effects in the periphery. Whether NGF receptors and the PI3K/AKT pathway are involved in glucose fluctuation-induced neuronal damage, as well as the potential molecular mechanism of ALA in protecting glucose fluctuation-induced neuronal damage, remain unclear. RESULTS The results indicated that constant high glucose (CHG) and intermittent high glucose (IHG) significantly increased the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and decreased the expression of TrkA/p75NTR and p-AKT/AKT, while ALA stimulation reversed the above proteins in PC12 cells. IHG stimulates apoptosis more effectively than CHG in PC12 cells, which is related to the PI3K/AKT pathway but not to the TrkA/p75NTR. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis induced by IHG was aggravated by the TrkA inhibitor K252a or the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002, but this effect was alleviated by the p75NTR inhibitor TAT-pep5. CONCLUSION Glucose fluctuation induced cell apoptosis by regulating the TrkA/p75NTR and PI3K/AKT pathway, meanwhile ALA exhibited neuroprotective effects in response to IHG and CHG. These observations indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway and the balance of TrkA/p75NTR are likely to serve as potential therapeutic targets for DE. In addition, ALA could be a possible therapeutic drug for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Cancer Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai TCM-Integrated Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital Affiliated To Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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A Protective Role of Paeoniflorin in Fluctuant Hyperglycemia-Induced Vascular Endothelial Injuries through Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Reduction of PKC β1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5647219. [PMID: 31093316 PMCID: PMC6481012 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5647219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia fluctuation is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) complications when compared to persistent hyperglycemia. Previous studies have shown that paeoniflorin (PF), through its antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antithrombotic properties, effectively protects against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, the mechanism underlying the protection from PF against vascular injuries induced by hyperglycemia fluctuations remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the potential protective role of PF on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to intermittent glucose levels in vitro and in DM rats with fluctuating hyperglycemia in vivo. A remarkable increased apoptosis associated with elevated inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and high protein level of PKCβ1 was induced in HUVECs by intermittently changing glucose for 8 days, and PF recovered those detrimental changes. LY333531, a potent PKCβ1 inhibitor, and metformin manifested similar effects. Additionally, in DM rats with fluctuating hyperglycemia, PF protected against vascular damage as what has been observed in vitro. Taken together, PF attenuates the vascular injury induced by fluctuant hyperglycemia through oxidative stress inhibition, inflammatory reaction reduction, and PKCβ1 protein level repression, suggesting its perspective clinical usage.
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Zhang ZY, Miao LF, Qian LL, Wang N, Qi MM, Zhang YM, Dang SP, Wu Y, Wang RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Fluctuations on Diabetic Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 31620092 PMCID: PMC6759481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates the occurrence and development of diabetic complications relates to not only constant high plasma glucose, but also glucose fluctuations which affect various kinds of molecular mechanisms in various target cells and tissues. In this review, we detail reactive oxygen species and their potentially damaging effects upon glucose fluctuations and resultant downstream regulation of protein signaling pathways, including protein kinase C, protein kinase B, nuclear factor-κB, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. A deeper understanding of glucose-fluctuation-related molecular mechanisms in the development of diabetic complications may enable more potential target therapies in future.
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Karmazyn M, Gan XT. Ginseng for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular complications: a discussion of the evidence 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:265-276. [PMID: 30395481 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood glucose levels due either to insufficient insulin production (type 1 DM) or to insulin resistance (type 2 DM). The incidence of DM around the world continues to rise dramatically with more than 400 million cases reported today. Among the most serious consequences of chronic DM are cardiovascular complications that can have deleterious effects. Although numerous treatment options are available, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological, there is substantial emerging interest in the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of this condition and its complications. Among these is ginseng, a medicinal herb that belongs to the genus Panax and has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal agent especially in Asian cultures. There is emerging evidence from both animal and clinical studies that ginseng, ginseng constituents including ginsenosides, and ginseng-containing formulations can produce beneficial effects in terms of normalization of blood glucose levels and attenuation of cardiovascular complications through a multiplicity of mechanisms. Although more research is required, ginseng may offer a useful therapy for the treatment of diabetes as well as its complications.
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Nephroprotective Effects of Saponins from Leaves of Panax quinquefolius against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071407. [PMID: 28703736 PMCID: PMC5535899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin is an anticancer drug that has activity against malignant tumor, it often causes nephrotoxicity. Previous reports have confirmed that the saponins from the leaves of P. quinquefolium (PQS) exerted many pharmacological activities. However, the renoprotective effects of PQS were still unknown. The purpose of the present research was to discuss renoprotective effect of PQS in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (CRE) were evidently increased in cisplatin-intoxicated mice, which were reversed by PQS. Renal oxidative stress, evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decline of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, was significantly alleviated by PQS pretreatment. The suppression of inflammatory response by PQS was realized through the decrease the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in kidney tissues, which were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Simultaneously, the overexpression of cytochrome P450 E1 (CYP2E1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were attenuated by PQS. Furthermore, the effects of Western blotting demonstrated that PQS administration significantly suppressed the protein expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase type 4 (Nox4), cleaved Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-9, Bax, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), suggesting the inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation response. Overall, PQS may possess protective effects in cisplatin-induced AKI through suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Research Progress on Signaling Pathway-Associated Oxidative Stress in Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7156941. [PMID: 28503253 PMCID: PMC5414589 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7156941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms of oxidative stress in endothelial cells is vital to the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the progress within the field of the role of oxidative responses in the physiology and growth of endothelial cells and emphasizes the effects of several main signal pathways involved in the oxidative stress of endothelial cells. Herein, we aim to provide scientific direction that can serve as a basis for researchers specializing in the signaling pathway of oxidative stress.
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Meng Y, Wang W, Kang J, Wang X, Sun L. Role of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in apoptotic cell death in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2417-2422. [PMID: 28565857 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Numerous previous studies have shown that type 1 diabetes-induced hyperglycaemia causes structural brain damage, such as a decrease in whole-brain grey matter. The impact of diabetes mellitus on the cerebral cortex is poorly understood and requires further clarification. In the present study, diabetes was induced via an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to detect the morphological changes in the cerebral cortex, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis and western blotting was performed to determine protein expression levels. Nine weeks after the induction of diabetes, the body weight was significantly lower and the blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the diabetic rats than in the control rats (P<0.05). H&E staining revealed nuclear chromatin condensation and cytoplasmic shrinkage in the cerebral cortex of the diabetic rats and TUNEL staining further indicated apoptotic changes in the cerebral cortex of the diabetic rats. The ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) -associated X protein/Bcl-2 and the expression of cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 (cleaved caspase-3) were significantly increased, whereas the ratio of phosphorylated AKT/AKT was significantly decreased in the diabetic rats compared with that in the control rats (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggested that diabetes mellitus may induce neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex by downregulating AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Kang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xinxue Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Li J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Xing L, Xu H, Wang Y, Shi Q, Liang Q. Total saponins of panaxnotoginseng promotes lymphangiogenesis by activation VEGF-C expression of lymphatic endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:293-302. [PMID: 27553977 PMCID: PMC5108701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lymphatic system plays an important role in maintaining the fluid homeostasis and normal immune responses, anatomic or functional obstruction of which leads to lymphedema, and treatments for therapeutic lymphangiogenesis are efficiency for secondary lymphedema. Total saponins of panaxnotoginseng (PNS) are a mixture isolated from Panaxnotoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen, which has been used as traditional Chinese medicine in China for treatment of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect and mechanism of PNS on lymphangiogenesis. METHODS The Tg (fli1: egfp; gata1: dsred) transgenic zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of PNS (10, 50, 100μM) for 48h with or without the 6h pretreatment of the 30μM Vascular endothelial growth factors receptor (VEGFR)-3 kinase inhibitor, followed with morphological observation and lympangiogenesis of thoracic duct assessment. The effect of PNS on cell viability, migration, tube formation and Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-C mRNA and protein expression of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were determined. The role of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3)-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathways, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling in PNS-induced VEGF-C expression of LECs by using pharmacological agents to block each signal. RESULTS PNS promotes lymphangiogenesis of thoracic duct in zebrafish with or without VEGFR3 Kinase inhibitor pre-impairment. PNS promotes proliferation, migration and tube formation of LECs. The tube formation induced by PNS could be blocked by VEGFR3 Kinase inhibitor. PNS induce VEGF-C expression of LEC, which could be blocked by ERK1/2, PI3K and P38MAPK signaling inhibitors. CONCLUSION PNS activates lymphangiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro by up-regulating VEGF-C expression and activation of ERK1/2, PI3K and P38MAPK signaling. These findings provide a novel insight into the role of PNS in lymphangiogenesis and suggest that it might be an attractive and suitable therapeutic agent for treating secondary lymphedema or other lymphatic system impairment related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Li X, Cai S, Yin W, Hu X, Zhang S, Li Z, Li X, Laudon M. Role of Neu-p11/luzindole in the regulation of insulin signaling pathways and insulin resistance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:485-6. [PMID: 27025603 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Li
- Department of Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Shichang Cai
- Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Weidong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 412000, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 412000, China
| | - Sujun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Animal, University of South China, Hengyang 412000, China
| | - Zhengming Li
- Department of Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Xing Li
- Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Moshe Laudon
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Tel-Aviv 69710, Israel
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