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Ataei B, Hokmabadi M, Asadi S, Asadifard E, Aghaei Zarch SM, Najafi S, Bagheri-Mohammadi S. A review of the advances, insights, and prospects of gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease: A novel target for therapeutic medicine. Gene 2024; 912:148368. [PMID: 38485038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still an important issue for scientists because it is difficult to cure with the available molecular medications and conventional treatments. Due to the complex nature of the brain structures and heterogeneous morphological and physiological properties of neuronal cells, interventions for cerebral-related disorders using surgical approaches, and classical and ongoing treatments remain hard for physicians. Furthermore, the development of newly designed medications attempts to target AD are not successful in improving AD, because abnormalities of tau protein, aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, inflammatory responses, etc lead to advanced neurodegeneration processes that conventional treatments cannot stop them. In recent years, novel diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches have been developed to identify and cure early pathological events of AD. Accordingly, many gene-based therapies have been developed and introduce the therapeutic potential to prevent and cure AD. On the other hand, genetic investigations and postmortem assessments have detected a large number of factors associated with AD pathology. Also, genetically diverse animal models of AD help us to detect and prioritize novel resilience mechanisms. Hence, gene therapy can be considered an effective and powerful tool to identify and treat human diseases. Ultimately, gene study and gene-based therapy with a critical role in the detection and cure of various human disorders will have a fundamental role in our lives forever. This scientific review paper discusses the present status of different therapeutic strategies, particularly gene-based therapy in treating AD, along with its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Ataei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hokmabadi
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Armin Pathobiology and Medical Genetics Laboratory, Tehran, Iran; Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Asadi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elnaz Asadifard
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102309. [PMID: 38615895 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder has affected over 30 million individuals globally and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming decades. Current therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective as they focus on a single target. Development of an effective drug therapy requires a deep understanding of the various factors influencing the onset and progression of the disease. Aging and genetic factors exert a major influence on the development of AD. Other factors like post-viral infections, iron overload, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction also exacerbate the onset and progression of AD. Further, post-translational modifications in tau, DRP1, CREB, and p65 proteins increase the disease severity through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and differential interaction of amyloid beta with different receptors leading to impaired intracellular signalling. With advancements in neuroscience tools, new inter-relations that aggravate AD are being discovered including pre-existing diseases and exposure to other pathogens. Simultaneously, new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of gene expression through targeted delivery or modulation with light, harnessing the immune response to promote clearance of amyloid deposits, introduction of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to replace the destroyed neurons, exploring new therapeutic molecules from plant, marine and biological sources delivered in the free state or through nanoparticles and use of non-pharmacological interventions like music, transcranial stimulation and yoga. Polypharmacology approaches involving combination of therapeutic agents are also under active investigation for superior therapeutic outcomes. This review elaborates on various disease-causing factors, their underlying mechanisms, the inter-play between different disease-causing players, and emerging therapeutic options including those under clinical trials, for treatment of AD. The challenges involved in AD therapy and the way forward have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
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Zhang JF, Fang ZT, Zhao JN, Liu GP, Shen X, Jiang GF, Liu Q. Acetylated tau exacerbates apoptosis by disturbing mitochondrial dynamics in HEK293 cells. J Neurochem 2024; 168:288-302. [PMID: 38275215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
An increase in tau acetylation at K274 and K281 and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we constructed three types of tau plasmids, TauKQ (acetylated tau mutant, by mutating its K274/K281 into glutamine to mimic disease-associated lysine acetylation), TauKR (non-acetylated tau mutant, by mutating its K274/K281 into arginine), and TauWT (wild-type human full-length tau). By transfecting these tau plasmids in HEK293 cells, we found that TauWT and TauKR induced mitochondrial fusion by increasing the level of mitochondrial fusion proteins. Conversely, TauKQ induced mitochondrial fission by reducing mitochondrial fusion proteins, exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. BGP-15 ameliorated TauKQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dynamics. Our findings suggest that acetylation of K274/281 represents an important post-translational modification site regulating mitochondrial dynamics, and that BGP-15 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for mitochondria-associated diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Ting Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ning Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gong-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Stomatology and Ophthalmology, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Gao-Feng Jiang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Oresanya IO, Orhan IE. Deciphering Neuroprotective Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (syn. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.) through Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:330-352. [PMID: 38258779 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501255093240117092328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO, rosemary) is a well-known medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herb with traditional use in European folk medicine against memory deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights the different neuroprotective activities of RO investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies, as well as in silico molecular docking of bioactive compounds found in RO. The neuroprotective effect of RO was searched through databases including PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Clinical Trials using the keywords "Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, neuroprotective effect, memory, cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease." RO, which is rich in secondary metabolites that have memory-enhancing potential, has displayed neuroprotection through different molecular mechanisms such as inhibition of cholinesterase, modulation of dopaminergic and oxytocinergic systems, mediation of oxidative and inflammatory proteins, involved in neuropathic pain, among others. RO extracts exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. Also, the plant has shown efficacy in scopolamine-, lipopolysaccharide-, AlCl3-, and H2O2-induced amnesia as well as amyloid-beta- and ibotenic acid-induced neurotoxicity and chronic constriction injury-related oxidative stress memory and cognitive impairments in animal models. A few clinical studies available supported the neuroprotective effects of RO and its constituents. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm results from preclinical studies further and should include not only placebo-controlled studies but also studies including positive controls using approved drugs. Many studies underlined that constituents of RO may have the potential for developing drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease that possess high bioavailability, low toxicity, and enhanced penetration to CNS, as revealed from the experimental and molecular docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun O Oresanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ilkay E Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Türkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, 06670 Ankara, Türkiye
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Moghadam MT, Mojtahedi A, Bakhshayesh B, Babakhani S, Ajorloo P, Shariati A, Mirzaei M, Heidarzadeh S, Jazi FM. The Effect of Bacterial Composition Shifts in the Oral Microbiota on Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:167-181. [PMID: 35986539 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666220819140748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurological disorder, despite significant advances in medical science, has not yet been definitively cured, and the exact causes of the disease remain unclear. Due to the importance of AD in the clinic, large expenses are spent annually to deal with this neurological disorder, and neurologists warn of an increase in this disease in elderly in the near future. It has been believed that microbiota dysbiosis leads to Alzheimer's as a multi-step disease. In this regard, the presence of footprints of perturbations in the oral microbiome and the predominance of pathogenic bacteria and their effect on the nervous system, especially AD, is a very interesting topic that has been considered by researchers in the last decade. Some studies have looked at the mechanisms by which oral microbiota cause AD. However, many aspects of this interaction are still unclear as to how oral microbiota composition can contribute to this disease. Understanding this interaction requires extensive collaboration by interdisciplinary researchers to explore all aspects of the issue. In order to reveal the link between the composition of the oral microbiota and this disease, researchers from various domains have sought to explain the mechanisms of shift in oral microbiota in AD in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Taati Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshayesh
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alam A, Ali G, Nawaz A, AlOmar TS, Rauf A, Ayaz M, Ahmad S, Almasoud N, AlOmar AS, Khalil AA, Wilairatana P. Neuroprotective evaluation of diospyrin against drug-induced Alzheimer's disease. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105703. [PMID: 37852388 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease linked to memory impairment. A current investigation was performed to assess the neuroprotective effect of Diospyrin, a novel therapeutic agent, for the curing of Alzheimer's disease. For this purpose, in-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory assays and antioxidant studies were conducted, whereas in-vivo studies involved different behavioral animal models tests such as elevated plus maze (EPM), morris water maze (MWM) and paddling Y-maze test. Results of the in-vitro analysis showed IC50 values of 95 μg/mL for AChE and 110 μg/mL for BChE as compared to the standard drug donepezil (IC50: 95 & 85 μg/mL, respectively). DPPH antioxidant assay showed a maximum of 72.85% inhibition (IC50: 139.74 μg/mL) of DPPH-free radicals at the highest concentration of 1000 μg/mL as compared to the ascorbic acid (IC50: 13.72 μg/mL). Moreover, the in-vivo analysis revealed that diospyrin treatment demonstrated gradual betterment in memory and enhanced motor functionality. On the other hand, the computational analysis also showed that the diospyrin had exceptional binding affinities for both AChE and BChE enzymes. In the net shell, it may be deduced that our compound diospyrin could be a valuable drug candidate in managing neurodegenerative disorders like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan
| | - Taghrid S AlOmar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-23561, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Najla Almasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S AlOmar
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Pradhan SP, Sahu PK, Behera A. New insights toward molecular and nanotechnological approaches to antidiabetic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2739-2762. [PMID: 36949264 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting a major class of silver citizens. The disorder shares a mutual relationship on account of its cellular and molecular pathophysiology with type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). Chronic DM increases the risk for AD. Emerging evidence recommended that resistance in insulin production develops cognitive dysfunction, which generally leads to AD. Repurposing of antidiabetic drugs can be effective in preventing and treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder. Limitations of antidiabetic drugs restrict the repurposing of the drugs for other disorders. Therefore, nanotechnological intervention plays a significant role in the treatment of neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the common cellular and molecular pathophysiologies between AD and type-II DM, the relevance of in vivo models of type II DM in the study of AD, and the repurposing of antidiabetic drugs and the nanodelivery systems of antidiabetic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Priyadarshini Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anindita Behera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Karetnikova AY, Matvienko UA, Savinova DA, Denikaeva EA, Durnova NA. Astragalus membranaceus infusion effect on rats learning in the radial maze. RUDN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-69-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance. Treatment of cognitive impairment is a serious problem for modern medicine. Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease are chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases and the most common cause of progressive dementia in the elderly. There is no effective therapy for these diseases, so it is necessary to search for integrated therapies, including herbal medicine. The aim was to study a short-term and long-term memory of rats in the test eight-arm radial maze under the infl of repeated administration of an aqueous extract of the herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. Materials and Methods. The experiment was carried out on 18 non-linear rats, divided into 3 groups - control and 2 experimental. For 21 days, the animals received daily intragastric caffeine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, infusion an aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The control was injected with drinking water by weight. To study the cognitive functions of the maze, performing two series of tests - at 2-7 and 16-21. Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, it was found that when the animals were tested for 2-7 days, there were no signifi changes between the groups. With an increase in the duration of administration of the test substances by the 16-21 days of the experiment, in the second test series, an increase in memory points was observed both in the second (caffeine, 5 mg/kg) and in the third ( Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, 100 mg/kg) of the experimental groups. Conclusion. The introduction of caffeine at a dosage of 5 mg/kg infl d the activation of short-term and long-term memory with a duration of more than 17 days of administration - at the 2nd stage of testing. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (100 mg/kg) caused the activation of working and long-term spatial memory from the 16th day of the experiment - on the 2nd series of tests.
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Karetnikova AY, Matvienko UA, Savinova DA, Denikaeva EA, Durnova NA. Astragalus membranaceus infusion effect on rats learningin the radial maze. RUDN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-1-68-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance. Treatment of cognitive impairment is a serious problem for modern medicine. Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease are chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases and the most common cause of progressive dementia in the elderly. There is no effective therapy for these diseases, so it is necessary to search for integrated therapies, including herbal medicine. The aim was to study a short-term and long-term memory of rats in the test eight-arm radial maze under the influence of repeated administration of an aqueous extract of the herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. Materials and Methods. The experiment was carried out on 18 non-linear rats, divided into 3 groups - control and 2 experimental. For 21 days, the animals received daily intragastric caffeine at a dose of 5 mg/kg, infusion an aqueous extract of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The control was injected with drinking water by weight. To study the cognitive functions of the maze, performing two series of tests - at 2-7 and 16-21. Results and Discussion. In the course of the study, it was found that when the animals were tested for 2-7 days, there were no significant changes between the groups. With an increase in the duration of administration of the test substances by the 16-21 days of the experiment, in the second test series, an increase in memory points was observed both in the second (caffeine, 5 mg/kg) and in the third ( Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, 100 mg/kg) of the experimental groups. Conclusion. The introduction of caffeine at a dosage of 5 mg/kg influenced the activation of short-term and long-term memory with a duration of more than 17 days of administrationat the 2nd stage of testing. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (100 mg/kg) caused the activation of working and long-term spatial memory from the 16th day of the experimenton the 2nd series of tests.
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Hussain S, Syeda A, Alshammari M, Alnasser S, Alenzi N, Alanazi S, Nandakumar K. Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11593. [PMID: 35170682 PMCID: PMC8851910 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Hussain
- City University College of Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.F. Syeda
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alshammari
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Alnasser
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S.T. Alanazi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Block copolymers in Alzheimer's disease therapy: A perceptive to revolutionize biomaterials. J Control Release 2021; 340:271-281. [PMID: 34763003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal illness associated with two persistent problems in treatment i. ineffective drug transportation across the bio-membranes and ii. on-site targeting. Such problems originate from the combinational factors for non-specific targets, physicochemical limitations in the delivery of the active agents and insignificant permeability across blood-brain-barrier. In this context, block copolymers such as PLGA-PEG, PEG-PLA, Poloxamers, PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers, etc. present interesting potential in the development of nano-sized carrier systems like polymerosomes, polymeric micelles, etc. for the management and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Modifications of block copolymers display improvement in solubility and reduction in toxicity due to the process of complexation, functionalization, dose reduction and modification of kinetics for the rate of release. This review article focuses on new insights into different copolymers and their superiority over conventional polymers in Alzheimer's disease for long-term therapy in the body. Association of block copolymers to therapy of Alzheimer's disease overcome the limitations of drug delivery by offering attributes such as smaller molecular size (less than 150 nm), higher solubility owing to hydrophilic interactions between polymeric components and systemic environment, better entrapment efficiency (above 80%) due to large effective surface area and long-term stability for sensitive actives such as peptides, monoclonal antibodies, curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, etc. With such multifunctional features, block copolymers actively permeate the bio-membrane as polymeric nanoparticles, nanomicelles and polymerosomes using different mechanisms such as transcellular- and receptor-mediated transportation to reach target neural network as well as extra-neuronal amyloid-β plaques for anti-Alzheimer's disease activity with neuroprotective action. These polymers emerge as important components for personalized therapy with potential applications in biosensing, drug delivery, theranostics, etc. for qualitative and quantitative predictions in the detection and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Kumar M, Bansal N. A Revisit to Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:486-512. [PMID: 34792002 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211118125233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a cluster of brain abnormalities that trigger progressive memory deficits and other cognitive abilities such as skills, language, or executive function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of age-associated dementia that involves progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by profound cognitive deficits in advanced stages that severely hamper social or occupational abilities with or without the involvement of any other psychiatric condition. The last two decades witnessed a sharp increase (~123%) in mortality due to AD type dementia, typically owing to a very low disclosure rate (~45%) and hence, the prophylactic, as well as the therapeutic cure of AD, has been a huge challenge. Although understanding of AD pathogenesis has witnessed a remarkable growth (e.g., tauopathy, oxidative stress, lipid transport, glucose uptake, apoptosis, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and immune system), still a dearth of an effective therapeutic agent in the management of AD prompts the quest for newer pharmacological targets in the purview of its growing epidemiological status. Most of the current therapeutic strategies focus on modulation of a single target, e.g., inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, glutamate excitotoxicity (memantine), or nootropics (piracetam), even though AD is a multifaceted neurological disorder. There is an impedance urgency to find not only symptomatic but effective disease-modifying therapies. The present review focuses on the risk / protective factors and pathogenic mechanisms involved in AD. In addition to the existing symptomatic therapeutic approach, a diverse array of possible targets linked to pathogenic cascades have been re-investigated to envisage the pharmacotherapeutic strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab. India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University (CBLU), Bhiwani, Haryana 127021. India
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Javaid S, Farooq T, Rehman Z, Afzal A, Ashraf W, Rasool MF, Alqahtani F, Alsanea S, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Alharbi M, Imran I. Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111313. [PMID: 34768742 PMCID: PMC8583393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing globally because of expanding population and increased dependencies on motorized vehicles and machines. This has resulted in increased socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, as TBIs are often associated with mental and physical morbidities with lifelong dependencies, and have severely limited therapeutic options. There is an emerging need to identify the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these injuries to life-long neurodegenerative disease and a therapeutic strategy to counter them. This review highlights the dynamics and role of choline-containing phospholipids during TBIs and how they can be used to evaluate the severity of injuries and later targeted to mitigate neuro-degradation, based on clinical and preclinical studies. Choline-based phospholipids are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the neuronal/glial cell membranes and are simultaneously the essential component of various biochemical pathways, such as cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Choline or its metabolite levels increase during acute and chronic phases of TBI because of excitotoxicity, ischemia and oxidative stress; this can serve as useful biomarker to predict the severity and prognosis of TBIs. Moreover, the effect of choline-replenishing agents as a post-TBI management strategy has been reviewed in clinical and preclinical studies. Overall, this review determines the theranostic potential of choline phospholipids and provides new insights in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Farooq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Zohabia Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ammara Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-114697749
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
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Singh B, Singh H, Singh B, Kumar N, Rajput A, Sidhu D, Kaur A, Arora S, Kaur S. A comprehensive review on medicinal herbs and novel formulations for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:212-228. [PMID: 34779370 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211015152733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases reported in the aging population across the globe. About 46.8 million people are reported to have dementia, and AD is mainly responsible for dementia in aged people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to occur due to the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the neocortex portion of the brain, nitric oxide mediated dysfunctioning of blood-brain barrier, reduced activity of serine racemase enzyme, cell cycle disturbances, damage of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Modern treatment methods target the pathways responsible for the disease. To date, solely symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all making an attempt to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance. Treatments able to prevent or at least effectively modifying the course of AD, referred to as 'disease-modifying' drugs, are still under extensive research. Effective treatments entail a better indulgence of the herbal bioactives by novel drug delivery systems. The herbal bioactive administered by novel drug delivery systems have proved beneficial in treating this disease. This review provides detailed information about the role of medicinal plants and their formulations in treating Alzheimer disease which will be highly beneficial for the researchers working in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Hasandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Brahmjot Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Navkaran Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Disha Sidhu
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Grand Trunk Road, Off, NH 1 . India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. India
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Akbar M, Shabbir A, Rehman K, Akash MSH, Shah MA. Neuroprotective potential of berberine in modulating Alzheimer's disease via multiple signaling pathways. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13936. [PMID: 34523148 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is one of the most important quinoline alkaloids, which has shown numerous pharmacological activities. There are pieces of evidence that berberine serves as a promising substance for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, numerous studies on animal models have shown the neuroprotective role of berberine. AD is a complex disease having multiple pathological factors. Berberine restrains the deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Substantial studies have demonstrated that berberine may also exhibit the protective effect against the risk factors associated with AD. This review illustrates the role of berberine in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and its activity against acetylcholinesterase enzyme. It also focuses on the bioavailability and safety of berberine in AD. However, more investigations are required to explore the bioavailability and safety assessment of berberine and its new perspectives in limiting the AD-related pathogenesis and risk factors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Current therapeutic measures only provide symptomatic relief against AD by slowing memory loss, resolving thinking problems and behavioral issues. In recent past years, many biological actions and potential therapeutic applications have been observed by berberine particularly in neurological diseases. Berberine has been investigated by various researchers for its activity against AD. This review demonstrates a variety of mechanisms by which berberine imparts its neuroprotective roles and provides the possible mechanism of action of berberine by which it prevents the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and disaggregation of amyloid beta plaques in AD. It also focuses that berberine limits the neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AD. Pre-clinical aspects of berberine against AD are also discussed. Eventually, a prospect is formulated that berberine might be a therapeutically significant agent for treating and preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazzama Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Shabbir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Somaa F. A Review of the Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1361-1367. [PMID: 33935095 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as the most common cause of dementia in elderly population. While the exact mechanism of AD has not been discovered, hyperbolic oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of this degenerative disease. The objectives of this article are to review the literature available on molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying HBOT and its efficacy in treating AD and to review the effectiveness of HBOT as an alternate treatment intervention in both human and animal models. 391 full text articles were included in the review after literature search between 1980-2021 from two online data base (ScienceDirect and PubMed). The following key words were used: 'hyperbaric oxygen therapy' and 'Alzheimer disease.' Based on the outcomes of clinical and experimental studies, this review advocates the use of HBOT for the treatment of AD. This review explores future directions and recommends further research into a treatment protocol that will maintain long-term cognitive health of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Somaa
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
As barley and oat production have recently increased in Canada, it has become prudent to investigate these cereal crops as potential feedstocks for alcoholic fermentation. Ethanol and other coproduct yields can vary substantially among fermented feedstocks, which currently consist primarily of wheat and corn. In this study, the liquified mash of milled grains from 28 barley (hulled and hull-less) and 12 oat cultivars were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine concentrations of fermentation products (ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC), and glycerol). On average, the fermentation of barley produced significantly higher amounts of ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, succinic acid, α-GPC, and glycerol than that of oats. The best performing barley cultivars were able to produce up to 78.48 g/L (CDC Clear) ethanol and 1.81 g/L α-GPC (CDC Cowboy). Furthermore, the presence of milled hulls did not impact ethanol yield amongst barley cultivars. Due to its superior ethanol yield compared to oats, barley is a suitable feedstock for ethanol production. In addition, the accumulation of α-GPC could add considerable value to the fermentation of these cereal crops.
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方 迎, 苏 振, 司 文, 刘 圆, 李 洁, 曾 鹏. [Network pharmacology-based study of the therapeutic mechanism of resveratrol for Alzheimer's disease]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:10-19. [PMID: 33509748 PMCID: PMC7867487 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of resveratrol (RES) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in light of network pharmacology. METHODS We searched PubChem, BATMAN-TCM, Genecards, AD, TTD, String 11.0, AlzData, SwissTargetPrediction, Metascape and other databases for the therapeutic targets of RES and human AD-related targets. The intersection was determined using Venny 2.1 to obtain the therapeutic targets of RES for AD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, the gene ontology (GO) was enriched and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG pathway) were analyzed. Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was used to construct a target-signaling pathway network of RES in the treatment of AD. Molecular docking verification was carried out on SwissDock (http://www.swissdock.ch/docking). We examined a 293Tau cell model of AD for changes in protein levels of pS396, pS199, Tau5, CDK5, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and p-GSK3β in response to RES treatment using Western blotting. RESULTS We obtained 182 targets of RES, 525 targets related to AD, and 36 targets of RES for AD treatment, among which 34.6% of the targets were protein-modifying enzymes, 27.7% were metabolite invertase, 13.8% were gene-specific transcriptional regulators, and 10.3% were transporters. The core key targets of RES in the treatment of AD included INS, APP, ESR1, MMP9, IGF1R, CACNA1C, MAPT (microtubule- associated protein Tau), MMP2, TGFB1 and GSK3B. Enrichment analysis of GO biological process suggested that the biological function of RES in AD treatment mainly involved the response to β-amyloid protein, positive regulation of transferase activity, the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, regulation of behavior, learning or memory, aging, and transmembrane transport. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most significantly enriched signaling pathways were AD pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that RES had strong binding with ESR1, GSK3B, MMP9, IGF1R, APP and INS. In the cell model of AD, treatment with 50 μmol/L RES for 12 h significantly reduced the levels of pS396 and pS199 by regulating CDK5 and GSK3β activity (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RES produces therapeutic effects on AD by acting on multiple targets and affecting multiple signaling pathways and improves AD-associated pathologies via a direct action on Aβ and Tau pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- 迎艳 方
- 湖北理工学院医学院基础医学部,湖北 黄石 435003Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - 振宏 苏
- 湖北理工学院医学院基础医学部,湖北 黄石 435003Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - 文霞 司
- 湖北理工学院医学院基础医学部,湖北 黄石 435003Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - 圆呈 刘
- 华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院病理学与病理生 理学系,湖北 武汉 430030Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - 洁 李
- 华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院病理学与病理生 理学系,湖北 武汉 430030Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - 鹏 曾
- 华中科技大学同济医学院基础医学院病理学与病理生 理学系,湖北 武汉 430030Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Gold D, Rosowsky E, Piryatinsky I, Sinclair SJ. Comparing patient and informant ratings of depressive symptoms in various stages of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2020; 34:535-550. [PMID: 32191055 PMCID: PMC7319875 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a multimethod approach, this study assessed the relationship between patient and informant ratings of depression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a manner that better represents the progressive course of AD, and allows for elucidation of specific cognitive domains that may explain changes in respondent agreement. METHOD Case data (N = 16,297) were provided by the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). A series of contingency analyses were performed to assess the relationship between patient and informant agreement across levels of impairment in individuals with AD. Patients and informants were placed into groups (i.e., not impaired, mild impairment, moderate impairment, severe impairment) based on patients' performance on multiple indicators of global cognitive functioning, as well as measures of attention, working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, language, and episodic learning and memory. RESULTS Across measures, greater impairment was significantly (p < .001) associated with decreases in patient-informant congruence and increases in rates of patients denying depression when informants endorsed observing features of the same. These inconsistencies were most pronounced in the mildest stages of impairment. For a subset of the sample, rates of patients reporting depressive symptoms when informants denied observing the same also increased alongside worsening impairment. Incremental impairment in episodic learning (χ² = 805.25) and memory (χ² = 856.94) performance were most closely associated with decreases in respondent agreement. Patient-informant relationship type did not appear to mediate the response patterns observed. CONCLUSIONS Mild impairment in AD patients, particularly in episodic learning and memory functioning, is significantly associated with decreases in patient-informant agreement regarding the presence of depressive symptoms. These results suggest that even at the earliest stages of AD informant reports should be used to corroborate patients' reporting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov Gold
- Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College
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Shaito A, Hasan H, Habashy KJ, Fakih W, Abdelhady S, Ahmad F, Zibara K, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF, Kobeissy FH. Western diet aggravates neuronal insult in post-traumatic brain injury: Proposed pathways for interplay. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102829. [PMID: 32574954 PMCID: PMC7317220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health burden and a major cause of disability and mortality. An early cascade of physical and structural damaging events starts immediately post-TBI. This primary injury event initiates a series of neuropathological molecular and biochemical secondary injury sequelae, that last much longer and involve disruption of cerebral metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and can lead to neuronal damage and death. Coupled to these events, recent studies have shown that lifestyle factors, including diet, constitute additional risk affecting TBI consequences and neuropathophysiological outcomes. There exists molecular cross-talk among the pathways involved in neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, and behavioral outcomes, that are shared among western diet (WD) intake and TBI pathophysiology. As such, poor dietary intake would be expected to exacerbate the secondary damage in TBI. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological consequences of WD that can lead to the exacerbation of TBI outcomes. We dissect the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury in this context. We show that currently available data conclude that intake of a diet saturated in fats, pre- or post-TBI, aggravates TBI, precludes recovery from brain trauma, and reduces the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Walaa Fakih
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Alzheimer's disease; a review of the pathophysiological basis and therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2020; 256:117996. [PMID: 32585249 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and is identified as the most common cause for dementia. Despite huge global economic burden and the impact on the close family of the patients, there is no definitive cure and thus, improved treatment methods are of need. While memory and cognition are severely affected in AD, exact etiology is yet unknown. The β-Amyloid plaque formation and aggregation hypothesis is among the well-known hypotheses used to explain disease pathogenesis. Currently there are five Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs as treatment options. All these drugs are used for symptomatic treatment of AD. Thus, disease modifying therapies which can directly address the pathological changes in AD, are needed. Such therapies could be designed based on inhibiting key steps of pathogenesis. Currently there are novel AD drug candidates with various therapeutic mechanisms, undergoing different stages of drug development. Extensive research is being done globally to broaden understanding of the exact mechanisms involved in AD and to develop therapeutic agents that can successfully hinder the occurrence and progression of the disease. In this review, a comprehensive approach to understanding AD and suggestions to be considered in the development of therapeutics for it are presented.
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Singh AK, Singh SK, Nandi MK, Mishra G, Maurya A, Rai A, Rai GK, Awasthi R, Sharma B, Kulkarni GT. Berberine: A Plant-derived Alkaloid with Therapeutic Potential to Combat Alzheimer's disease. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:154-170. [PMID: 31429696 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190820160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (a protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid) has shown promising pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, memory enhancement, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, antimicrobial, anti- HIV and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is used in the treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder. It has strong evidence to serve as a potent phytoconstituent in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. It limits the extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. It has also lipid-glucose lowering ability, hence can be used as a protective agent in atherosclerosis and AD. However, more detailed investigations along with safety assessment of berberine are warranted to clarify its role in limiting various risk factors and AD-related pathologies. This review highlights the pharmacological basis to control oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and protective effect of berberine in AD, which will benefit to the biological scientists in understanding and exploring the new vistas of berberine in combating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag K Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh K Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manmath K Nandi
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of medicinal chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of medicinal chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Maurya
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of medicinal chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arati Rai
- Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Lucknow-226020, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal K Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Giriraj T Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sec 125, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Patel CN, Kumar SP, Rawal RM, Patel DP, Gonzalez FJ, Pandya HA. A multiparametric organ toxicity predictor for drug discovery. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:159-166. [PMID: 31618094 PMCID: PMC7383222 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1681044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of major organ toxicities through in silico predictive models plays a crucial role in drug discovery. Computational tools can predict chemical toxicities using the knowledge gained from experimental studies which drastically reduces the attrition rate of compounds during drug discovery and developmental stages. The purpose of in silico predictions for drug leads and anticipating toxicological endpoints of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity, clinical adverse impacts and metabolism of pharmaceutically active substances has gained widespread acceptance in academia and pharmaceutical industries. With unrestricted accessibility to powerful biomarkers, researchers have an opportunity to contemplate the most accurate predictive scores to evaluate drug's adverse impact on various organs.A multiparametric model involving physico-chemical properties, quantitative structure-activity relationship predictions and docking score was found to be a more reliable predictor for estimating chemical toxicities with potential to reflect atomic-level insights. These in silico models provide informed decisions to carry out in vitro and in vivo studies and subsequently confirms the molecules clues deciphering the cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics and organ toxicity properties of compounds. Even though the drugs withdrawn by USFDA at later phases of drug discovery which should have passed all the state-of-the-art experimental approaches and currently acceptable toxicity filters, there is a dire need to interconnect all these molecular key properties to enhance our knowledge and guide in the identification of leads to drug optimization phases. Current computational tools can predict ADMET and organ toxicities based on pharmacophore fingerprint, toxicophores and advanced machine-learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag N. Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sivakumar Prasanth Kumar
- Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Daxesh P. Patel
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Himanshu A. Pandya
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Nootropic and Anti-Alzheimer's Actions of Medicinal Plants: Molecular Insight into Therapeutic Potential to Alleviate Alzheimer's Neuropathology. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4925-4944. [PMID: 30414087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the backbone of modern medicine. In recent times, there is a great urge to discover nootropic medicinal plants to reverse cognitive dysfunction owing to their less adverse effects. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the inevitable loss of cognitive function, memory and language impairment, and behavioral disturbances, which turn into gradually more severe. Alzheimer's has no current cure, but symptomatic treatments are available and research continues. The number of patients suffering from AD continues to rise and today, there is a worldwide effort under study to find better ways to alleviate Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In this review, the nootropic and anti-Alzheimer's potentials of 6 medicinal plants (i.e., Centella asiatica, Clitoria ternatea, Crocus sativus, Terminalia chebula, Withania somnifera, and Asparagus racemosus) were explored through literature review. This appraisal focused on available information about neuroprotective and anti-Alzheimer's use of these plants and their respective bioactive compounds/metabolites and associated effects in animal models and consequences of its use in human as well as proposed molecular mechanisms. This review progresses our existing knowledge to reveal the promising linkage of traditional medicine to halt AD pathogenesis. This analysis also avowed a new insight to search the promising anti-Alzheimer's drugs.
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Abe S, Ezaki O, Suzuki M. Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Leucine and Vitamin D Benefit Cognition in Frail Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:133-140. [PMID: 28552878 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The combined supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), L-leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) increase muscle strength and function in frail elderly individuals. However, their effects on cognition are unknown. We enrolled 38 elderly nursing home residents (mean age±SD, 86.6±4.8 y) in a 3-mo randomized, controlled, parallel group trial. The participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: the first group received a L-leucine (1.2 g)- and cholecalciferol (20 μg)-enriched supplement with 6 g of MCT (LD+MCT); the second group received the same supplement with 6 g of long-chain triglycerides (LD+LCT); and the third group did not receive any supplements (control). Cognition was assessed at baseline and after the 3-mo intervention. The difference in changes among the groups was assessed with ANCOVA, adjusting for age and the baseline value as covariates. After 3 mo, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the LD+MCT group increased by 10.6% (from 16.6 to 18.4 points, p<0.05). After 3 mo, the Nishimura geriatric rating scale for mental status (NM scale) score in the LD+MCT group increased by 30.6% (from 24.6 to 32.2 points, p<0.001), whereas that in the LD+LCT and control groups decreased by 11.2% (from 31.2 to 27.7 points, p<0.05) and 26.1% (from 27.2 to 20.1 points, p<0.001), respectively. The combined supplementation of MCTs (6 g), L-leucine-rich amino acids, and cholecalciferol may improve cognitive function in frail elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Abe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University.,Day Care SKY
| | - Osamu Ezaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Showa Women's University.,Institute of Women's Health Science, Showa Women's University
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Lardenoije R, van den Hove DLA, Havermans M, van Casteren A, Le KX, Palmour R, Lemere CA, Rutten BPF. Age-related epigenetic changes in hippocampal subregions of four animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 86:1-15. [PMID: 29113959 PMCID: PMC6863355 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with widespread epigenetic changes, with most evidence suggesting global hypomethylation in AD. It is, however, unclear how these age-related epigenetic changes are linked to molecular aberrations as expressed in animal models of AD. Here, we investigated age-related changes of epigenetic markers of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in a range of animal models of AD, and their correlations with amyloid plaque load. Three transgenic mouse models, including the J20, APP/PS1dE9 and 3xTg-AD models, as well as Caribbean vervets (a non-transgenic non-human primate model of AD) were investigated. In the J20 mouse model, an age-related decrease in DNA methylation was found in the dentate gyrus (DG) and a decrease in the ratio between DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation was found in the DG and cornu ammonis (CA) 3. In the 3xTg-AD mice, an age-related increase in DNA methylation was found in the DG and CA1-2. No significant age-related alterations were found in the APP/PS1dE9 mice and non-human primate model. In the J20 model, hippocampal plaque load showed a significant negative correlation with DNA methylation in the DG, and with the ratio a negative correlation in the DG and CA3. For the APP/PS1dE9 model a negative correlation between the ratio and plaque load was observed in the CA3, as well as a negative correlation between DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) levels and plaque load in the DG and CA3. Thus, only the J20 model showed an age-related reduction in global DNA methylation, while DNA hypermethylation was observed in the 3xTg-AD model. Given these differences between animal models, future studies are needed to further elucidate the contribution of different AD-related genetic variation to age-related epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Lardenoije
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Monique Havermans
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Anne van Casteren
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin X Le
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Roberta Palmour
- Behavioral Science Foundation, Eastern Caribbean, Saint Kitts and Nevis; McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Naz S, Beach J, Heckert B, Tummala T, Pashchenko O, Banerjee T, Santra S. Cerium oxide nanoparticles: a ‘radical’ approach to neurodegenerative disease treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:545-553. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the factors that cause many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), no current therapies have yielded significant results. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have recently emerged as therapeutics for the treatment of NDs due to their antioxidant properties. This report summarizes the recent findings regarding CeONPs in treatment of various NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interest in CeONPs as a potential nanomedicine for NDs has increased due to: their ability to alter signaling pathways, small diameter allowing passage through the blood–brain barrier and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Due to these properties, CeONPs could eventually revolutionize existing treatments for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguftha Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - James Beach
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Blaze Heckert
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Tanuja Tummala
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Oleksandra Pashchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Santimukul Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway Street, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
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Kim YJ, Lim HS, Kim Y, Lee J, Kim BY, Jeong SJ. Neuroprotective Effect of Corydalis ternata Extract and Its Phytochemical Quantitative Analysis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:826-832. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | - Hye-Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Jun Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- Korean Medicine of Life Science, University of Science & Technology
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine
- Korean Medicine of Life Science, University of Science & Technology
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29
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Denmark T, Marshall J, Mummery C, Roy P, Woll B, Atkinson J. Detecting Memory Impairment in Deaf People: A New Test of Verbal Learning and Memory in British Sign Language. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:855-867. [PMID: 27353430 PMCID: PMC5860221 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most existing tests of memory and verbal learning in adults were created for spoken languages, and are unsuitable for assessing deaf people who rely on signed languages. In response to this need for sign language measures, the British Sign Language Verbal Learning and Memory Test (BSL-VLMT) was developed. It follows the format of the English language Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Revised, using standardized video-presentation with novel stimuli and instructions wholly in British Sign Language, and no English language requirement. METHOD Data were collected from 223 cognitively healthy deaf signers aged 50-89 and 12 deaf patients diagnosed with dementia. Normative data percentiles were derived for clinical use, and receiver-operating characteristic curves computed to explore the clinical potential and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The test showed good discrimination between the normative and clinical samples, providing preliminary evidence of clinical utility for identifying learning and memory impairment in older deaf signers with neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS This innovative video testing approach transforms the ability to accurately detect memory impairments in deaf people and avoids the problems of using interpreters, with international potential for adapting similar tests into other signed languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Denmark
- Deafness, Language and Cognition Centre, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
| | | | - Cath Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bencie Woll
- Deafness, Language and Cognition Centre, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Joanna Atkinson
- Deafness, Language and Cognition Centre, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
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30
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Gonçalves C, Pinho MS, Cruz V, Gens H, Oliveira F, Pais J, Rente J, Santana I, Santos JM. Portuguese version of Wechsler Memory Scale–3rd edition’s utility with demented elderly adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2016; 24:212-225. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1135440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Gonçalves
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria S. Pinho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Cruz
- Neurology Department, Entre o Douro e o Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Helena Gens
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Oliveira
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Pais
- Neurology Department, Entre o Douro e o Vouga Hospital Center, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - José Rente
- Neurology Department, Baixo Vouga Hospital Center, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José M. Santos
- Neurology Department, Baixo Vouga Hospital Center, Aveiro, Portugal
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31
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Farshidfar F, Shulgina V, Myrie SB. Nutritional supplementations and administration considerations for sarcopenia in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Farshidfar
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Veronika Shulgina
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Semone B. Myrie
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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32
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Rezazadeh M, Khorrami A, Yeghaneh T, Talebi M, Kiani SJ, Heshmati Y, Gharesouran J. Genetic Factors Affecting Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:37-49. [PMID: 26553058 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is considered a progressive brain disease in the older population. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) as a multifactorial dementia has a polygenic inheritance. Age, environment, and lifestyle along with a growing number of genetic factors have been reported as risk factors for LOAD. Our aim was to present results of LOAD association studies that have been done in northwestern Iran, and we also explored possible interactions with apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. We re-evaluated the association of these markers in dominant, recessive, and additive models. In all, 160 LOAD and 163 healthy control subjects of Azeri Turkish ethnicity were studied. The Chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. A Bonferroni-corrected p value, based on the number of statistical tests, was considered significant. Our results confirmed that chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), APOE, bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), and phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) are LOAD susceptibility loci in Azeri Turk ancestry populations. Among them, variants of CCR2, ESR1, TNF α, and APOE revealed associations in three different genetic models. After adjusting for APOE, the association (both allelic and genotypic) with CCR2, BIN1, and ESRα (PvuII) was evident only among subjects without the APOE ε4, whereas the association with CCR5, without Bonferroni correction, was significant only among subjects carrying the APOE ε4 allele. This result is an evidence of a synergistic and antagonistic effect of APOE on variant associations with LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Khorrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tarlan Yeghaneh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shan L, Dauvilliers Y, Siegel JM. Interactions of the histamine and hypocretin systems in CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11:401-13. [PMID: 26100750 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histamine and hypocretin neurons are localized to the hypothalamus, a brain area critical to autonomic function and sleep. Narcolepsy type 1, also known as narcolepsy with cataplexy, is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired night-time sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and short latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep after sleep onset. In narcolepsy, 90% of hypocretin neurons are lost; in addition, two groups reported in 2014 that the number of histamine neurons is increased by 64% or more in human patients with narcolepsy, suggesting involvement of histamine in the aetiology of this disorder. Here, we review the role of the histamine and hypocretin systems in sleep-wake modulation. Furthermore, we summarize the neuropathological changes to these two systems in narcolepsy and discuss the possibility that narcolepsy-associated histamine abnormalities could mediate or result from the same processes that cause the hypocretin cell loss. We also review the changes in the hypocretin and histamine systems, and the associated sleep disruptions, in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease and Tourette syndrome. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches for manipulation of the histamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA GLAHS), 16111 Plummer Street North Hills, 151A3, CA 91343, USA
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Centre de Référence Nationale Maladies Rares, Narcolepsie et Hypersomnie Idiopathique, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, INSERM U1061, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier 34295, France
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Veterans' Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA GLAHS), 16111 Plummer Street North Hills, 151A3, CA 91343, USA
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Borisovskaya A, Pascualy M, Borson S. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments in Alzheimer's disease: current treatment strategies. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16:470. [PMID: 25023513 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This update on Alzheimer's disease (AD) discusses treatment strategies for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms (such as agitation, psychosis, anxiety, and depression) common in this illness, emphasizing in particular nonpharmacologic strategies such as cognitive interventions, physical exercise, and psychotherapy. We provide an overview of cognitive enhancers and their combination strategies and medications commonly used for treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD. Finally, we give recommendations for providing support to caregivers and suggest how to identify caregiver/patient pairs most in need of intensive dementia care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borisovskaya
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1660 S. Columbian Way, S-116, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA,
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Miroddi M, Navarra M, Quattropani MC, Calapai F, Gangemi S, Calapai G. Systematic review of clinical trials assessing pharmacological properties of Salvia species on memory, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:485-95. [PMID: 24836739 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia lavandulaefolia L. have a longstanding use as traditional herbal remedies that can enhance memory and improve cognitive functions. Pharmacological actions of S. officinalis and S. lavandulaefolia on healthy subjects and on patients suffering of cognitive decline have been investigated. Aim of this review was to summarize published clinical trials assessing effectiveness and safety of S. officinalis and S. lavandulaefolia in the enhancement of cognitive performance in healthy subjects and neurodegenerative illnesses. Furthermore, to purchase a more complete view on safety of S. officinalis and S. lavandulaefolia, we collected and discussed articles regarding toxicity and adverse reactions. Eight clinical studies investigating on acute effects of S. officinalis on healthy subjects were included in the review. Six studies investigated on the effects of S. officinalis and S. lavandaeluaefolia on cognitive performance in healthy subjects. The two remaining were carried out to study the effects of sage on Azheimer's disease. Our review shows that S. officinalis and S. lavandulaefolia exert beneficial effects by enhancing cognitive performance both in healthy subjects and patients with dementia or cognitive impairment and is safe for this indication. Unfortunately, promising beneficial effects are debased by methodological issues, use of different herbal preparations (extracts, essential oil, use of raw material), lack of details on herbal products used. We believe that sage promising effects need further higher methodological standard clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miroddi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Electroacupuncture at PC6 or ST36 Influences the Effect of Tacrine on the Motility of Esophagus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:263489. [PMID: 24808917 PMCID: PMC3997975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the mechanisms of gastrointestinal side effects of tacrine, and find treatment methods with electroacupuncture (EA). Methods. Twenty-five healthy cats were randomly divided into 5 groups: gastric-distention group (model group), tacrine group (cholinesterase inhibitor), tacrine + sham acupoint group (control group), tacrine + PC6 (neiguan) group, and tacrine + ST36 (zusanli) group, with 5 cats in each group. Saline 2 mL i.p. was given 30 min before gastric distention in model group. Tacrine 5.6 mg/kg i.p. was given 30 minutes before gastric distention in the other groups. Tacrine + sham acupoint group (control group), tacrine + PC6 group, and tacrine + ST36 group received EA at corresponding acupoints during gastric distention. The frequency of TLESRs and LESP were recorded by using a perfused sleeve assembly. Results. Compared with the model group, tacrine significantly increased the frequency of gastric distention-induced TLESR (P < 0.05) but did not influence the rate of common cavity during TLESR. Tacrine significantly increased the LESP, which could not remain during gastric distention. EA at PC6 could decrease the frequency of TLESR and maintain the increase of LESP, but EA at ST36 did not have these effects. Conclusion. Tacrine can significantly increase the gastric distention-induced transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs). Electroacupuncture (EA) at PC6 may reverse the above side effect.
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Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has linked vitamin D not only to its known effects on calcium and bone metabolism, but also to many chronic illnesses involving neurocognitive decline. The importance of vitamin D3 in reducing the risk of these diseases continues to increase due to the fact that an increasing portion of the population in developed countries has a significant vitamin D deficiency. The older population is at an especially high risk for vitamin D deficiency due to the decreased cutaneous synthesis and dietary intake of vitamin D. Recent studies have confirmed an association between cognitive impairment, dementia, and vitamin D deficiency. There is a need for well-designed randomized trials to assess the benefits of vitamin D and lifestyle interventions in persons with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schlögl
- University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael F Holick
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that occurs in two forms, an early-onset form that is genetically determined and a far more common late-onset form that is not. In both cases, the disease results in severe cognitive dysfunction, among other problems, and the late-onset form of the disease is now considered to be the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. While a good deal of research has been focused on elucidating the etiology of the late-onset form for more than two decades, results to date have been modest and have not yet engendered useful therapeutic strategies for cure of the disease. In this review, we discuss the prevalent ideas that have governed this research for several years, and we challenge these ideas with alternative findings suggesting a multifactorial etiology. We review promising newer ideas that may prove effective as therapeutic interventions for late-onset AD, as well as providing reliable means of earlier and more specific diagnosis of the disease process. In the discussions included here, we reference relevant clinical and basic science literature underlying research into disease etiology and pathogenesis, and we highlight current reviews on the various topics addressed.
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