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Lei J, Rudolph A, Moysich KB, Rafiq S, Behrens S, Goode EL, Pharoah PPD, Seibold P, Fasching PA, Andrulis IL, Kristensen VN, Couch FJ, Hamann U, Hooning MJ, Nevanlinna H, Eilber U, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Lindblom A, Mannermaa A, Lambrechts D, García-Closas M, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Shah M, Luben R, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Alnæs GIG, Borresen-Dale AL, Nord S, Olson JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Jager A, van Deurzen CHM, Tilanus-Linthorst MMA, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Margolin S, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Kataja V, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Li J, Humphreys K, Phillips KA, Linn S, Cornelissen S, van den Broek SAJ, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Yoo KY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Hou MF, Shen CY, Teo SH, Taib NAM, Yip CH, Ho GF, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Dunning AM, Benitez J, Czene K, Sucheston LE, Maishman T, Tapper WJ, Eccles D, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J. Assessment of variation in immunosuppressive pathway genes reveals TGFBR2 to be associated with prognosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer after chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:18. [PMID: 25849327 PMCID: PMC4374346 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor lymphocyte infiltration is associated with clinical response to chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer. To identify variants in immunosuppressive pathway genes associated with prognosis after adjuvant chemotherapy for ER-negative patients, we studied stage I-III invasive breast cancer patients of European ancestry, including 9,334 ER-positive (3,151 treated with chemotherapy) and 2,334 ER-negative patients (1,499 treated with chemotherapy). METHODS We pooled data from sixteen studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and employed two independent studies for replications. Overall 3,610 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 genes were genotyped as part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study, in which phenotype and clinical data were collected and harmonized. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess genetic associations with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Heterogeneity according to chemotherapy or ER status was evaluated with the log-likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Three independent SNPs in TGFBR2 and IL12B were associated with OS (P <10⁻³) solely in ER-negative patients after chemotherapy (267 events). Poorer OS associated with TGFBR2 rs1367610 (G > C) (per allele hazard ratio (HR) 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22 to 1.95), P = 3.08 × 10⁻⁴) was not found in ER-negative patients without chemotherapy or ER-positive patients with chemotherapy (P for interaction <10-3). Two SNPs in IL12B (r² = 0.20) showed different associations with ER-negative disease after chemotherapy: rs2546892 (G > A) with poorer OS (HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.86), P = 1.81 × 10⁻⁴), and rs2853694 (A > C) with improved OS (HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.87), P = 3.67 × 10⁻⁴). Similar associations were observed with BCSS. Association with TGFBR2 rs1367610 but not IL12B variants replicated using BCAC Asian samples and the independent Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary Breast Cancer Study and yielded a combined HR of 1.57 ((95% CI 1.28 to 1.94), P = 2.05 × 10⁻⁵) without study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS TGFBR2 variants may have prognostic and predictive value in ER-negative breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings provide further insights into the development of immunotherapeutic targets for ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lei
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sabine Behrens
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen L Goode
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Paul PD Pharoah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Petra Seibold
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fergus J Couch
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula Eilber
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qin Wang
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Annika Lindblom
- />Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Per Hall
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- />QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006 Australia
| | - Mitul Shah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Robert Luben
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Knight
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X 5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- />Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janet E Olson
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Diana Torres
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, Bogotá, 11001000 Colombia
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, D-7570 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Agnes Jager
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien HM van Deurzen
- />Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- />Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Margolin
- />Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jingmei Li
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- />Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- />Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
- />Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrews Place East, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB UK
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- />QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006 Australia
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X 5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
- />Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, Bogotá, 11001000 Colombia
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, D-7570 Baden-Baden, Germany
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- />Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
- />Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- />Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- />Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
- />Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrews Place East, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
- />Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, No.100 , Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- />College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
- />Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 1 Jalan SS 12/1A, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- />Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesLembah Pantai, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- />Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
- />Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
- />Epidemiology Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507 Japan
- />Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- />Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Linn
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daehee Kang
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- />Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- />Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, No.100 , Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- />Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 1 Jalan SS 12/1A, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- />Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesLembah Pantai, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- />Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- />Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- />Epidemiology Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507 Japan
| | - Alison M Dunning
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- />Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kamila Czene
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara E Sucheston
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Tom Maishman
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - William J Tapper
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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