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Yayehrad AT, Marew T, Matsabisa M, Wondie GB. Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Ficus vasta Gum as a Binder in Tablet Formulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8852784. [PMID: 37593524 PMCID: PMC10432117 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8852784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Binders are ingredients used in tablet granulation process for tablet cohesiveness which confirms that the tablet remains intact after compression. Natural gums have been employed as disintegrants, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, and binders in tablets. Even though Ficus vasta gum is claimed as a possible pharmaceutical excipient by some phytochemical studies, literature is scanty on its efficacy as a tablet binder. The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize, and comparatively evaluate Ficus vasta gum as a potential binder in tablet formulation. Gum was extracted from Ficus vasta tree, characterized for physicochemical properties, and applied as a binder in paracetamol granule and tablet formulation. Granules were prepared using 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% w/w concentration of the gum and standard binders (polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 and Starch@1500) by wet granulation. The formulated tablets were then evaluated for tablet quality parameters, and comparison between the test and standard binders was done by ANOVA. The dried crude gum yielded 50.63% (w/w) of a brownish yellow purified gum. The angle of repose, Carr's index, and the Hausner ratio all complied with the pharmacopoeial recommendations. The gum is compatible with the model drug, paracetamol. The paracetamol granules prepared with Ficus gum binder demonstrated an optimum size range and size distribution with substantial flow and compressibility properties. Ficus gum binder demonstrated significantly higher disintegration time and strength properties than that of similar concentrations of Starch@1500 but lower than polyvinylpyrrolidone (p < 0.05). Ficus gum has better binding properties than starch but lower than polyvinylpyrrolidone. Hence, Ficus vasta gum can be used as an alternative tablet binder in tablet manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfa Marew
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Motlalepula Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gebremariam Birhanu Wondie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Kipo SL, Ofori-Kwakye K, Kuntworbe N, Johnson R, Boakye-Gyasi ME, Osei YA, Owusu FA. Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Stem Bark Exudate Gum of Cordia millenii Tree in Conventional Release Tablets. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:9118067. [PMID: 37180374 PMCID: PMC10175018 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9118067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a raw material into an acceptable pharmaceutical excipient involves evaluation of the physicochemical and formulation properties of the potential raw material. Results from these evaluations may serve as a guide to subsequent use of the substance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the stem bark gum of Cordia millenii tree in conventional release paracetamol tablets. From the physicochemical evaluations, the gum was slightly acidic and soluble in all the aqueous-based solvents, except 0.1 N HCl in which it was sparingly soluble. All the absorptive properties of the gum indicated tablet disintegrating potential for tablet formulation. The total ash of the gum was higher than that of the international standard gum arabic. Micromeritic properties of the gum indicated the need for a flow aid to improve its flowability. There were no harmful microorganisms detected in the gum. Aerobic organisms and moulds and yeast were detected within permissible limits. Tablets formulated using six different concentrations of gum dispersions as a binder were generally soft and failed the USP T80 standard of dissolution, indicating poor binding and drug releasing properties. Quality control properties of three different batches of tablets containing varying concentrations of the dry gum as a disintegrating agent were comparable to tablets containing equal concentrations of corn starch. The in vitro drug releases were similar at all-time points of drug evaluation. The gum can therefore be considered as a good disintegrant in the formulation of conventional release tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lugrie Kipo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Ofori-Kwakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Noble Kuntworbe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Raphael Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaa Asantewaa Osei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frederick Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Irfan M, Shah LA, Khan A, Farooq M, Ullah M, Ismail M. Formulation of zwitter-ionic terpolymeric hydrogels and their comprehensive rheological investigation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.2021090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohib Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences Takatu Campus, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Malviya R, Jha S, Fuloria NK, Subramaniyan V, Chakravarthi S, Sathasivam K, Kumari U, Meenakshi DU, Porwal O, Sharma A, Kumar DH, Fuloria S. Determination of Temperature-Dependent Coefficients of Viscosity and Surface Tension of Tamarind Seeds ( Tamarindus indica L.) Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040610. [PMID: 33670569 PMCID: PMC7923174 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological properties of tamarind seed polymer are characterized for its possible commercialization in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Seed polymer was extracted using water as a solvent and ethyl alcohol as a precipitating agent. The temperature’s effect on the rheological behavior of the polymeric solution was studied. In addition to this, the temperature coefficient, viscosity, surface tension, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, Reynolds number, and entropy of fusion were calculated by using the Arrhenius, Gibbs–Helmholtz, Frenkel–Eyring, and Eotvos equations, respectively. The activation energy of the gum was found to be 20.46 ± 1.06 kJ/mol. Changes in entropy and enthalpy were found to be 23.66 ± 0.97 and −0.10 ± 0.01 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated amount of entropy of fusion was found to be 0.88 kJ/mol. A considerable decrease in apparent viscosity and surface tension was produced when the temperature was raised. The present study concludes that the tamarind seed polymer solution is less sensitive to temperature change in comparison to Albzia lebbac gum, Ficus glumosa gum and A. marcocarpa gum. This study also concludes that the attainment of the transition state of viscous flow for tamarind seed gum is accompanied by bond breaking. The excellent physicochemical properties of tamarind seed polymers make them promising excipients for future drug formulation and make their application in the food and cosmetics industry possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar 201310, India; (R.M.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Sheetal Jha
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar 201310, India; (R.M.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.K.F.); (S.F.); Tel.: +60-1-64037685 (N.K.F.); +60-1-43034057 (S.F.)
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 42610, Malaysia; (V.S.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Usha Kumari
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia;
| | | | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar 201310, India; (R.M.); (S.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Darnal Hari Kumar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.K.F.); (S.F.); Tel.: +60-1-64037685 (N.K.F.); +60-1-43034057 (S.F.)
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Irfan M, Khan M, Rehman TU, Ali I, Shah LA, Khattak NS, Khan MS. Synthesis and Rheological Survey of Xanthan Gum Based Terpolymeric Hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Graft copolymerization technique was used to synthesize novel biopolymer based terpolymeric hydrogels of xanthan gum (Gx), acrylic acid and N-Isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) by using chemical crosslinker N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), ammonium persulphate (APS) as a redox initiator and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for particle size stabilization. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized through FT-IR and SEM techniques, which confirmed the hydrogels formation. Detailed rheology was investigated through applying various rheological models like Bingham model, modified Bingham model and Ostwald power law model to the hydrogels which revealed that the hydrogels were appeared to have shear thinning, non-Newtonian behavior and more elastic. Modified Bingham model provided best fit understanding to our prepared materials. The maximum activation energy (Ea) 13.87 kJ/mol was obtained for composition having more Gx compared to others, showing a strong relationship with viscosity. The hydrogels has potential to find applications in food industry, cosmetics, degradation of dyes and removal of heavy metals from waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Tanzil ur Rehman
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan , Phone: +92-91-9216766, Fax: 92-91-9216671, E-mail:
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Khan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
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Bhushette PR, Annapure US. Comparative study of Acacia nilotica exudate gum and acacia gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:266-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sayah MY, Chabir R, Benyahia H, Rodi Kandri Y, Ouazzani Chahdi F, Touzani H, Errachidi F. Yield, Esterification Degree and Molecular Weight Evaluation of Pectins Isolated from Orange and Grapefruit Peels under Different Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161751. [PMID: 27644093 PMCID: PMC5028049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Orange (Citrus sinensis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradise) peels were used as a source of pectin, which was extracted under different conditions. The peels are used under two states: fresh and residual (after essential oil extraction). Organic acid (citric acid) and mineral acid (sulfuric acid) were used in the pectin extraction. The aim of this study is the evaluation the effect of extraction conditions on pectin yield, degree of esterification “DE” and on molecular weight “Mw”. Results showed that the pectin yield was higher using the residual peels. Moreover, both peels allow the obtainment of a high methoxyl pectin with DE >50%. The molecular weight was calculated using Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation which describes its relationship with intrinsic viscosity. This later was determined using four equations; Huggins equation, kramer, Schulz-Blaschke and Martin equation. The molecular weight varied from 1.538 x1005 to 2.47x1005 g/mol for grapefruit pectin and from 1.639 x1005 to 2.471 x1005 g/mol for orange pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Sayah
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fes, Morocco
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachida Chabir
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdelah, Fes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Benyahia
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration et Biotechnologie des Agrumes Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Kenitra, Maroc
| | - Youssef Rodi Kandri
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fes, Morocco
| | - Fouad Ouazzani Chahdi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fes, Morocco
| | - Hanan Touzani
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Science and Technology, Fes, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Genetics, University Hassan II Ain Chock Faculty of Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
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Eddy NO, Momoh-Yahaya H, Oguzie EE. Theoretical and experimental studies on the corrosion inhibition potentials of some purines for aluminum in 0.1 M HCl. J Adv Res 2014; 6:203-17. [PMID: 25750754 PMCID: PMC4348476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental aspect of the corrosion inhibition potential of adenine (AD), guanine (GU) and, hypoxanthine (HYP) was carried out using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods while the theoretical aspect of the work was carried out by calculations of semi-empirical parameters (for AM1, MNDO, CNDO, PM3 and RM1 Hamiltonians), Fukui functions and inhibitor–metal interaction energies. Results obtained from the experimental studies were in good agreement and indicated that adenine (AD), guanine (GU) and hypoxanthine (HYP) are good adsorption inhibitors for the corrosion of aluminum in solutions of HCl. Data obtained from electrochemical experiment revealed that the studied purines functioned by adsorption on the aluminum/HCl interface and inhibited the cathodic half reaction to a greater extent and anodic half reaction to a lesser extent. The adsorption of the purines on the metal surface was found to be exothermic and spontaneous. Deviation of the adsorption characteristics of the studied purines from the Langmuir adsorption model was compensated by the fitness of Flory Huggins and El Awardy et al. adsorption models. Quantum chemical studies revealed that the experimental inhibition efficiencies of the studied purines are functions of some quantum chemical parameters including total energy of the molecules (TE), energy gap (EL–H), electronic energy of the molecule (EE), dipole moment and core–core repulsion energy (CCR). Fukui functions analysis through DFT and MP2 theories indicated slight complications and unphysical results. However, results obtained from calculated Huckel charges, molecular orbital and interaction energies, the adsorption of the inhibitors proceeded through the imine nitrogen (N5) in GU, emanine nitrogen (N7) in AD and the pyridine nitrogen (N5) in HPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnabuk O Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - H Momoh-Yahaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Emeka E Oguzie
- Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria
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