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Li Y, Yue G, Yu S, Cheng X, Cao Y, Wang X. Evaluating the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1349050. [PMID: 38770273 PMCID: PMC11102959 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1349050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy affects nearly half of all diabetics and poses a significant threat to public health. Recent preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may represent a promising solution for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. However, an objective assessment of the preclinical effectiveness of MSCs is still pending. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library to identify preclinical studies that investigate the effects of MSCs on diabetic neuropathy up until 15 September 2023. Outcome indicators consisted of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities, intra-epidermal nerve fiber density, sciatic nerve blood flow, capillary-to-muscle fiber ratio, neurotrophic factors, angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. The literature review and meta-analysis were conducted independently by two researchers. 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this system review for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Pooled analyses indicated that MSCs exhibited an evident benefit in diabetic neuropathy in terms of motor (SMD = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.71-2.61) and sensory nerve conduction velocities (SMD = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.78-4.07), intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (SMD = 3.17, 95% CI: 2.28-4.07), sciatic nerve blood flow (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.37-2.66), and capillary-to-muscle fiber ratio (SMD = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.01, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, after MSC therapy, the expressions of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors increased significantly in most studies, while the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced. The relevance of this review relies on the fact that summarizes an extensive body of work entailing substantial preclinical evidence that supports the efficacy of MSCs in mitigating diabetic neuropathy. While MSCs emerge as a promising potential treatment for diabetic neuropathy, further research is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the best administration strategy for MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangren Yue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhao Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, National Tissue Engineering Center of China, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ma L, Wu Q, Tam PKH. The Current Proceedings of PSC-Based Liver Fibrosis Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2155-2165. [PMID: 37490204 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis was initially considered to be an irreversible process which will eventually lead to the occurrence of liver cancer. So far there has been no effective therapeutic approach to treat liver fibrosis although scientists have put tremendous efforts into the underlying mechanisms of this disease. Therefore, in-depth research on novel and safe treatments of liver fibrosis is of great significance to human health. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) play important roles in the study of liver fibrosis due to their unique features in self-renewal ability, pluripotency, and paracrine function. This article mainly reviews the applications of PSCs in the study of liver fibrosis in recent years. We discuss the role of PSC-derived liver organoids in the study of liver fibrosis, and the latest research advances on the differentiation of PSCs into hepatocytes or macrophages. We also highlight the importance of exosomes of PSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China.
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China.
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iPSCs in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Unique Platform for Clinical Research and Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091485. [PMID: 36143270 PMCID: PMC9500601 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, several animal disease models were developed to study the molecular mechanism of neurological diseases and discover new therapies, but the lack of equivalent animal models has minimized the success rate. A number of critical issues remain unresolved, such as high costs for developing animal models, ethical issues, and lack of resemblance with human disease. Due to poor initial screening and assessment of the molecules, more than 90% of drugs fail during the final step of the human clinical trial. To overcome these limitations, a new approach has been developed based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The discovery of iPSCs has provided a new roadmap for clinical translation research and regeneration therapy. In this article, we discuss the potential role of patient-derived iPSCs in neurological diseases and their contribution to scientific and clinical research for developing disease models and for developing a roadmap for future medicine. The contribution of humaniPSCs in the most common neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, diabetic neuropathy, stroke, and spinal cord injury) were examined and ranked as per their published literature on PUBMED. We have observed that Parkinson’s disease scored highest, followed by Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, we also explored recent advancements in the field of personalized medicine, such as the patient-on-a-chip concept, where iPSCs can be grown on 3D matrices inside microfluidic devices to create an in vitro disease model for personalized medicine.
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Nakai-Shimoda H, Himeno T, Okawa T, Miura-Yura E, Sasajima S, Kato M, Yamada Y, Morishita Y, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Seino Y, Inoue R, Kondo M, Seino S, Naruse K, Kato K, Mizukami H, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Kir6.2-deficient mice develop somatosensory dysfunction and axonal loss in the peripheral nerves. iScience 2022; 25:103609. [PMID: 35005553 PMCID: PMC8719014 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-responsive ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are expressed in a variety of tissues including nervous systems. The depolarization of the membrane potential induced by glucose may lead to hyperexcitability of neurons and induce excitotoxicity. However, the roles of KATP in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are poorly understood. Here, we determine the roles of KATP in the PNS using KATP-deficient (Kir6.2-deficient) mice. We demonstrate that neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was reduced by channel closers sulfonylureas. However, a channel opener diazoxide elongated the neurite. KATP subunits were expressed in mouse DRG, and expression of certain subunits including Kir6.2 was increased in diabetic mice. In Kir6.2-deficient mice, the current perception threshold, thermal perception threshold, and sensory nerve conduction velocity were impaired. Electron microscopy revealed a reduction of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers in the sural nerves. In conclusion, KATP may contribute to the development of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan.,Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi 507-8522, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sasajima
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-0821, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan.,Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
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CD44 fucosylation on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances homing and promotes enteric nervous system remodeling in diabetic mice. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:118. [PMID: 34193268 PMCID: PMC8243650 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes can cause extensive enteric nervous system (ENS) injuries and gastrointestinal motility disorder. In developing possible treatments, researchers have engaged in tissue regeneration engineering with the very promising bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, BMSCs have poor homing ability to the targeted tissues after intravenous injection. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether enhancing the expression of E-selectin ligand on BMSCs could improve their homing ability and subsequently influence their role in ENS remodeling in diabetic mice. Methods First, we constructed the fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs through a fucosyltransferase VII (FTVII) system to generate a Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand (HCELL) property, a fucosylated sialyllactosaminyl glycovariant of CD44 that potently binds E-selectin. Next, FTVII-modified and unmodified BMSCs labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into diabetic mice through the tail vein to compare their homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and their effect on ENS remodeling, respectively. A bioluminescent imaging system was used to evaluate the homing ability of GFP-labeled BMSCs with and without FTVII modification, to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by gastrointestinal transient time, defecation frequency, stool water content and colon strips contractility. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to assess the expression levels of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results The FTVII-mediated α(1,3)-fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs generated a HCELL property. Bioluminescent imaging assays showed that FTVII-modified BMSCs had enhanced homing ability to gastrointestinal tract, mainly to the colon, 24 h after injection through the tail vein. Compared with diabetic mice, FTVII-modified BMSCs significantly promoted the gastrointestinal motility and the ENS remodeling, including intestinal peristalsis (P < 0.05), increased feces excretion (P < 0.05) and the water content of the feces (P < 0.05), restored the spontaneous contraction of the colon (P < 0.05), and upregulated the protein expression levels of PGP9.5 (P < 0.01), GFAP (P < 0.001), and GDNF (P < 0.05), while unmodified BMSCs did not (P > 0.05). Conclusions CD44 fucosylation modification on murine BMSCs promotes homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and ENS remodeling in diabetic mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00632-2.
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Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells deliver exogenous miR-105-5p via small extracellular vesicles to rejuvenate senescent nucleus pulposus cells and attenuate intervertebral disc degeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:286. [PMID: 33985571 PMCID: PMC8117270 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have emerged as a promising new therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the drawbacks of MSCs, including their invasive access, the donor age, and their limited proliferative capacity, hinder the quantity and quality of MSC-sEVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iMSCs) provide an indefinite source of MSCs with well-defined phenotype and function. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of sEVs derived from iMSC (iMSC-sEVs) on IVDD and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods IVDD models were established by puncturing discs from the tails of rats. Then, iMSC-sEVs were injected into the punctured discs. The degeneration of punctured discs was assessed using MRI and HE and immunofluorescence staining. The age-related phenotypes were used to determine the effects of iMSC-sEVs on senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Sirt6. miRNA sequencing analysis was used to find miRNAs that potentially mediate the activation of Sirt6. Results After intradiscally injecting iMSC-sEVs, NPC senescence and IVDD were significantly improved. iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate senescent NPCs and restore the age-related function by activating the Sirt6 pathway in vitro. Further, microRNA sequence analysis showed that iMSC-sEVs were highly enriched in miR-105-5p, which played a pivotal role in the iMSC-sEV-mediated therapeutic effect by downregulating the level of the cAMP-specific hydrolase PDE4D and could lead to Sirt6 activation. Conclusion iMSC-sEVs could rejuvenate the senescence of NPCs and attenuate the development of IVDD. iMSC-sEVs exerted their anti-ageing effects by delivering miR-105-5p to senescent NPCs and activating the Sirt6 pathway. Our findings indicate that iMSCs are a promising MSC candidate for obtaining sEVs on a large scale, while avoiding several defects related to the present applications of MSCs, and that iMSC-sEVs could be a novel cell-free therapeutic tool for the treatment of IVDD.
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Direct Comparison of Therapeutic Effects on Diabetic Polyneuropathy between Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Administration of Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Secreted Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176064. [PMID: 32842469 PMCID: PMC7503871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potential novel therapy for diabetic polyneuropathy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are attractive stem cell sources because DPSCs can be isolated from extracted teeth and cryopreserved while retaining viability. In this study, we directly compared the efficacy of the transplantation of DPSCs and the administration of the secreted factors from DPSCs (DPSC-SFs) on diabetic polyneuropathy. Eight weeks after streptozotocin injection, DPSCs (1.0 × 106 cells/rat) or DPSC-SFs (1.0 mL/rat) were administered into the unilateral hindlimb skeletal muscles of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration did not affect blood glucose levels and body weights in the diabetic rats. Both DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration significantly ameliorated sciatic nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve blood flow, accompanied by increases in muscle bundle size, vascular density in the skeletal muscles and intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the diabetic rats, while there was no difference between the results for DPSCs and DPSC-SFs. These results suggest that the efficacy of both DPSC transplantation and DPSC-SF administration for diabetic polyneuropathy four weeks after transplantation/administration was mainly due to the multiple secretomes secreted from transplanted DPSCs or directly injected DPSC-SFs in the early phase of transplantation/administration.
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Motegi M, Himeno T, Nakai-Shimoda H, Inoue R, Ozeki N, Hayashi Y, Sasajima S, Mohiuddin MS, Asano-Hayami E, Kato M, Asano S, Miura-Yura E, Morishita Y, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Kato K, Naruse K, Seino Y, Hayashi Y, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Deficiency of glucagon gene-derived peptides induces peripheral polyneuropathy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:47-53. [PMID: 32826056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the commonest diabetic complication, its pathology remains to be clarified. As previous papers have suggested the neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in DPN, the current study investigated the physiological indispensability of glucagon gene-derived peptides (GCGDPs) including glucagon-like peptide-1 in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Neurological functions and neuropathological changes of GCGDP deficient (gcg-/-) mice were examined. The gcg-/- mice showed tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 12-18 weeks old, followed by tactile and thermal hypoalgesia at 36 weeks old. Nerve conduction studies revealed a decrease in sensory nerve conduction velocity at 36 weeks old. Pathological findings showed a decrease in intraepidermal nerve fiber densities. Electron microscopy revealed a decrease in circularity and an increase in g-ratio of myelinated fibers and a decrease of unmyelinated fibers in the sural nerves of the gcg-/- mice. Effects of glucagon on neurite outgrowth were examined using an ex vivo culture of dorsal root ganglia. A supraphysiological concentration of glucagon promoted neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, the mice with deficiency of GCGDPs developed peripheral neuropathy with age. Furthermore, glucagon might have neuroprotective effects on the PNS of mice. GCGDPs might be involved in the pathology of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Motegi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Norio Ozeki
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sasajima
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mohammad Sarif Mohiuddin
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Emi Asano-Hayami
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Saeko Asano
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Laboratory of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, 1-100 Kusumotocho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-tyo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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Miura‐Yura E, Tsunekawa S, Naruse K, Nakamura N, Motegi M, Nakai‐Shimoda H, Asano S, Kato M, Yamada Y, Izumoto‐Akita T, Yamamoto A, Himeno T, Kondo M, Kato Y, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Secreted factors from cultured dental pulp stem cells promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons and ameliorated neural functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:28-38. [PMID: 31144464 PMCID: PMC6944849 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Transplantation of stem cells promotes axonal regeneration and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we examined whether the secreted factors in conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) had beneficial effects on diabetic polyneuropathy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth was collected 48 h after culturing in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and separated into four fractions according to molecular weight. Dorsal root ganglion neurons from C57BL/6J mice were cultured with SHED-CM or DMEM to evaluate the effect on neurite outgrowth. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were injected with 100 μL of SHED-CM or DMEM into the unilateral hindlimb muscles twice a week over a period of 4 weeks. Peripheral nerve functions were evaluated by the plantar test, and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. Intraepidermal nerve fiber densities, capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio, capillary blood flow and morphometry of sural nerves were also evaluated. RESULTS Conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth significantly promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons compared with DMEM. Among four fractions of SHED-CM, the only fraction of <6 kDa promoted the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, SHED-CM significantly prevented decline in sensory nerve conduction velocities compared with DMEM in diabetic mice. Although SHED-CM did not improve intraepidermal nerve fiber densities or morphometry of sural nerves, SHED-CM ameliorated the capillary number-to-muscle fiber ratio and capillary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SHED-CM might have a therapeutic effect on diabetic polyneuropathy through promoting neurite outgrowth, and the increase in capillaries might contribute to the improvement of neural function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri Miura‐Yura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobuhisa Nakamura
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of DentistryAichi Gakuin UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mikio Motegi
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hiromi Nakai‐Shimoda
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Saeko Asano
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Takako Izumoto‐Akita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Oral HistologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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Abdal Dayem A, Lee SB, Kim K, Lim KM, Jeon TI, Seok J, Cho ASG. Production of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Stem Cell Reprogramming. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081922. [PMID: 31003536 PMCID: PMC6514654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a broad spectrum of therapeutic applications and have been used in clinical trials. MSCs are mainly retrieved from adult or fetal tissues. However, there are many obstacles with the use of tissue-derived MSCs, such as shortages of tissue sources, difficult and invasive retrieval methods, cell population heterogeneity, low purity, cell senescence, and loss of pluripotency and proliferative capacities over continuous passages. Therefore, other methods to obtain high-quality MSCs need to be developed to overcome the limitations of tissue-derived MSCs. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are considered potent sources for the derivation of MSCs. PSC-derived MSCs (PSC-MSCs) may surpass tissue-derived MSCs in proliferation capacity, immunomodulatory activity, and in vivo therapeutic applications. In this review, we will discuss basic as well as recent protocols for the production of PSC-MSCs and their in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacies. A better understanding of the current advances in the production of PSC-MSCs will inspire scientists to devise more efficient differentiation methods that will be a breakthrough in the clinical application of PSC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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11
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Naruse K. Schwann Cells as Crucial Players in Diabetic Neuropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:345-356. [PMID: 31760655 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells maintain peripheral nerve structure and function by ensheathment of unmyelinated axons, myelination of myelinated axons, and secretion of neurotrophic factors, and these cells also play a crucial role in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy. A decrease in unmyelinated and small myelinated axons appeared earlier than a decrease in large myelinated fibers in diabetic neuropathy. Electron microscopic studies of human diabetic neuropathy demonstrated edematous cell cytoplasm, aggregates of glycogen particles, and hyperplasia of the surrounding basal lamina in Schwann cells. Diabetic conditions also induces metabolic disorders, such as polyol pathway hyperactivity, activation of protein kinase C, and increased advanced glycosylation end products in Schwann cells, followed by the depletion of neurotrophic factor production.Cell transplantation using progenitor or stem cells is expected to cure diabetic neuropathy. Many studies demonstrated that the paracrine effect of abundant secreted factors from transplanted stem cells was crucial for the success of cell transplantation in diabetic neuropathy. Transplantation of progenitor or stem cells in diabetic animal models ameliorated impaired nerve conduction velocity, nerve blood flow, sensory disorders, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density, with an increase of myelin thickness. The supernatant from cultured dental pulp stem cells increased the proliferation and production of myelin-related protein in Schwann cells, suggesting that Schwann cells is the main target of cell transplantation for diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Guo H, Li B, Wang W, Zhao N, Gao H. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing IL-35: a novel immunosuppressive strategy and therapeutic target for inducing transplant tolerance. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:254. [PMID: 30257721 PMCID: PMC6158805 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing donor-specific immunological tolerance, which avoids the complications of long-term immunosuppression, is an important goal in organ transplantation. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine identified in 2007, is mainly secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is essential for Tregs to exert their maximal immunoregulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. A growing number of studies show that IL-35 plays an important role in autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Recent research has shown that IL-35 could effectively alleviate allograft rejection and has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy for graft rejection. With increasing study of immunoregulation, cell-based therapy has become a novel approach to attenuate rejection after transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which exhibit important properties of multilineage differentiation, tissue repair, and immunoregulation, have recently emerged as attractive candidates for cell-based therapeutics, especially in transplantation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the therapeutic abilities of MSCs can be amplified by gene modification. Therefore, researchers have constructed IL-35 gene-modified MSCs and explored their functions and mechanisms in some disease models. In this review, we discuss the potential tolerance-inducing effects of MSCs in transplantation and briefly introduce the immunoregulatory functions of the IL-35 gene-modified MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Baozhu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Haopeng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
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13
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Generation and Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:9601623. [PMID: 30154868 PMCID: PMC6091255 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9601623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with fibroblast-like morphology and isolated from the bone marrow via plastic adhesion. Their multipotency and immunoregulatory properties make MSCs possible therapeutic agents, and an increasing number of publications and clinical trials have highlighted their potential in regenerative medicine. However, the finite proliferative capacity of MSCs limits their scalability and global dissemination as a standardized therapeutic product. Furthermore, adult tissue provenance could constrain accessibility, impinge on cellular potency, and incur greater exposure to disease-causing pathogens based on the donor. These issues could be circumvented by the derivation of MSCs from pluripotent stem cells. In this paper, we review methods that induce and characterize MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and introduce MSC applications to disease modeling, pathogenic mechanisms, and drug discovery. We also discuss the potential applications of MSCs in regenerative medicine including cell-based therapies and issues that should be overcome before iPSC-derived MSC therapy will be applied in the clinic.
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14
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The development of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from normal human and RDEB epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:301-310. [PMID: 29933899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of hereditary disorders caused by mutations in the genes encoding structural molecules of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). Cell-based therapies such as allogeneic mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) transplantation have recently been explored for severe EB types, such as recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB). However, hurdles exist in current MSC-based therapies, such as limited proliferation from a single cell source and limited cell survival due to potential allogenic rejection. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop MSCs from keratinocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS Keratinocyte-derived iPSCs (KC-iPSCs) of a healthy human and an RDEB patient were cultured with activin A, 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime and bone morphogenetic protein 4 to induce mesodermal lineage formation. These induced cells were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis, flow cytometric analysis and RNA microarray analysis in vitro, and were injected subcutaneously and intravenously to wounded immunodeficient mice to assess their wound-healing efficacy. RESULTS After their induction, KC-iPSC-induced cells were found to be compatible with MSCs. Furthermore, with the subcutaneous and intravenous injection of the KC-iPSC-induced cells into wounded immunodeficient mice, human type VII collagen was detected at the DEJ of epithelized areas. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established iPSC-derived MSCs from keratinocytes (KC-iPSC-MSCs) of a normal human and an RDEB patient. KC-iPSC-MSCs may have potential in therapies for RDEB.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After a prolonged warm-up period of basic research, several modalities of cell replacement therapies are under development for diseases with no available cure. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic diabetes complications that causes sensorimotor dysfunction, subsequent high risks for lower limb amputations, and high mortality. Currently, no disease modifying therapy exists for DPN. RECENT FINDINGS Several types of well-documented stem/progenitor cells have been utilized for cell transplantation therapies in DPN model rodents: mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and cells with similar characteristics of MSCs or EPCs derived from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Some recent experimental studies reported that these immature cells may have beneficial effects on DPN. Although the role of nerve regeneration in the pathology of DPN has not been sufficiently elucidated, many intervention studies attempting regenerative therapy of DPN have been reported. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the potential of regeneration in reversing the pathology of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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16
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Luzzani CD, Miriuka SG. Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Robust Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:68-78. [PMID: 27815690 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been extensively studied over the past years for the treatment of different diseases. Most of the ongoing clinical trials currently involve the use of MSC derived from adult tissues. This source may have some limitations, particularly with therapies that may require extensive and repetitive cell dosage. However, nowadays, there is a staggering growth in literature on a new source of MSC. There is now increasing evidence about the mesenchymal differentiation from pluripotent stem cell (PSC). Here, we summarize the current knowledge of pluripotent-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSC). We present a historical perspective on the subject, and then discuss some critical questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Luzzani
- LIAN-CONICET - FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52, 5 - (B1625XAF) Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Santiago G Miriuka
- LIAN-CONICET - FLENI, Ruta 9 Km 52, 5 - (B1625XAF) Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Datta I, Bhadri N, Shahani P, Majumdar D, Sowmithra S, Razdan R, Bhonde R. Functional recovery upon human dental pulp stem cell transplantation in a diabetic neuropathy rat model. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1208-1224. [PMID: 28864291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is among the most debilitating complications of diabetes. Here, we investigated the effects of human dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic rats. Six weeks after STZ injection, DPSCs were transplanted through two routes, intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM), in single or two repeat doses. Two weeks after transplantation, a significant improvement in hyperalgesia, grip-strength, motor coordination and nerve conduction velocity was observed in comparison with controls. A rapid improvement in neuropathic symptoms was observed for a single dose of DPSC IV; however, repeat dose of DPSC IV did not bring about added improvement. A single dose of DPSC IM showed steady improvement, and further recovery continued upon repeat IM administration. DPSC single dose IV showed greater improvement than DPSC single dose IM, but IM transplantation brought about better improvement in body weight. A marked reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels was observed in the blood plasma for all treated groups, as compared with controls. With respect to inflammatory cytokines, repeat dose of DPSC IM showed further improvement, suggesting that a repeat dose is required to maintain the improved inflammatory state. Gene expression of inflammatory markers in liver confirmed amelioration in inflammation. Arachidonic acid level was unaffected by IV DPSC transplantation but showed noticeable increase through IM administration of a repeat dose. These results suggest that DPSC transplantation through both routes and dosage was beneficial for the retrieval of neuropathic parameters of DN; transplantation via the IM route with repeat dose was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Naini Bhadri
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Debanjana Majumdar
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmithra Sowmithra
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, an Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Paulini J, Higuti E, Bastos RMC, Gomes SA, Rangel ÉB. Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Candidates for Halting the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9521629. [PMID: 28058051 PMCID: PMC5187468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9521629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess pleiotropic properties that include immunomodulation, inhibition of apoptosis, fibrosis and oxidative stress, secretion of trophic factors, and enhancement of angiogenesis. These properties provide a broad spectrum for their potential in a wide range of injuries and diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). MSCs are characterized by adherence to plastic, expression of the surface molecules CD73, CD90, and CD105 in the absence of CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, and CD14 or CD11b and CD79a or CD19 surface molecules, and multidifferentiation capacity in vitro. MSCs can be derived from many tissue sources, consistent with their broad, possibly ubiquitous distribution. This article reviews the existing literature and knowledge of MSC therapy in DN, as well as the most appropriate rodent models to verify the therapeutic potential of MSCs in DN setting. Some preclinical relevant studies are highlighted and new perspectives of combined therapies for decreasing DN progression are discussed. Hence, improved comprehension and interpretation of experimental data will accelerate the progress towards clinical trials that should assess the feasibility and safety of this therapeutic approach in humans. Therefore, MSC-based therapies may bring substantial benefit for patients suffering from DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Paulini
- Sociedade Beneficente Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliza Higuti
- Sociedade Beneficente Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana M. C. Bastos
- Sociedade Beneficente Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samirah A. Gomes
- Sociedade Beneficente Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, 01246 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika B. Rangel
- Sociedade Beneficente Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, 05652 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo, 04023 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Cruz Villagrán C, Schumacher J, Donnell R, Dhar MS. A Novel Model for Acute Peripheral Nerve Injury in the Horse and Evaluation of the Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Applied In Situ on Nerve Regeneration: A Preliminary Study. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:80. [PMID: 27695697 PMCID: PMC5023688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to sites of experimentally created nerve injury in laboratory animals has shown promising results in restoring nerve function. This approach for nerve regeneration has not been reported in horses. In this study, we first evaluated the in vitro ability of equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (EBM-MSCs) to trans-differentiate into Schwann-like cells and subsequently tested the MSCs in vivo for their potential to regenerate a transected nerve after implantation. The EBM-MSCs from three equine donors were differentiated into SCLs for 7 days, in vitro, in the presence of specialized differentiation medium and evaluated for morphological characteristics, by using confocal microscopy, and for protein characteristics, by using selected Schwann cell markers (GFAP and S100b). The EBM-MSCs were then implanted into the fascia surrounding the ramus communicans of one fore limb of three healthy horses after a portion of this nerve was excised. The excised portion of the nerve was examined histologically at the time of transection, and stumps of the nerve were examined histologically at day 45 after transplantation. The EBM-MSCs from all donors demonstrated morphological and protein characteristics of those of Schwann cells 7 days after differentiation. Nerves implanted with EBM-MSCs after nerve transection did not show evidence of nerve regeneration at day 45. Examination of peripheral nerves collected 45 days after injury and stem cell treatment revealed no histological differences between nerves treated with MSCs and those treated with isotonic saline solution (controls). The optimal delivery of MSCs and the model suitable to study the efficacy of MSCs in nerve regeneration should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cruz Villagrán
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Jim Schumacher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
| | - Madhu S Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN , USA
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20
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Use of engineered Schwann cells in peripheral neuropathy: Hopes and hazards. Brain Res 2016; 1638:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Sabapathy V, Kumar S. hiPSC-derived iMSCs: NextGen MSCs as an advanced therapeutically active cell resource for regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1571-88. [PMID: 27097531 PMCID: PMC4956943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being assessed for ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases. While most of these clinical therapeutic applications require substantial cell quantities, the number of MSCs that can be obtained initially from a single donor remains limited. The utility of MSCs derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been shown in recent pre‐clinical studies. Since adult MSCs have limited capability regarding proliferation, the quantum of bioactive factor secretion and immunomodulation ability may be constrained. Hence, the alternate source of MSCs is being considered to replace the commonly used adult tissue‐derived MSCs. The MSCs have been obtained from various adult and foetal tissues. The hiPSC‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) are transpiring as an attractive source of MSCs because during reprogramming process, cells undergo rejuvination, exhibiting better cellular vitality such as survival, proliferation and differentiations potentials. The autologous iMSCs could be considered as an inexhaustible source of MSCs that could be used to meet the unmet clinical needs. Human‐induced PSC‐derived MSCs are reported to be superior when compared to the adult MSCs regarding cell proliferation, immunomodulation, cytokines profiles, microenvironment modulating exosomes and bioactive paracrine factors secretion. Strategies such as derivation and propagation of iMSCs in chemically defined culture conditions and use of footprint‐free safer reprogramming strategies have contributed towards the development of clinically relevant cell types. In this review, the role of iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) as an alternate source of therapeutically active MSCs has been described. Additionally, we also describe the role of iMSCs in regenerative medical applications, the necessary strategies, and the regulatory policies that have to be enforced to render iMSC's effectiveness in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Center for Stem Cell Research, A Unit of inStem Bengaluru, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Zhang J, Guan J, Qi X, Ding H, Yuan H, Xie Z, Chen C, Li X, Zhang C, Huang Y. Dimethyloxaloylglycine Promotes the Angiogenic Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from iPSCs via Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway for Bone Regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:639-52. [PMID: 27194942 PMCID: PMC4870708 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascularization of tissue-engineered bone is a prerequisite step for the successful repair of bone defects. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an essential role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone regeneration and can activate the expression of angiogenic factors in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) is an angiogenic small molecule that can inhibit prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes and thus regulate the stability of HIF-1α in cells at normal oxygen tension. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (hiPSC-MSCs) are promising alternatives for stem cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DMOG on promoting hiPSC-MSCs angiogenesis in tissue-engineered bone and simultaneously explored the underlying mechanisms in vitro. The effectiveness of DMOG in improving the expression of HIF-1α and its downstream angiogenic genes in hiPSC-MSCs demonstrated that DMOG significantly enhanced the gene and protein expression profiles of angiogenic-related factors in hiPSC-MSCs by sustaining the expression of HIF-1α. Further analysis showed that DMOG-stimulated hiPSC-MSCs angiogenesis was associated with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and with an increase in VEGF production. The effects could be blocked by the addition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. In a critical-sized calvarial defect model in rats, DMOG-treated hiPSC-MSCs showed markedly improved angiogenic capacity in the tissue-engineered bone, leading to bone regeneration. Collectively, the results indicate that DMOG, via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, promotes the angiogenesis of hiPSC-MSCs in tissue-engineered bone for bone defect repair and that DMOG-treated hiPSC-MSCs can be exploited as a potential therapeutic tool in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junjie Guan
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xin Qi
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hao Ding
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- 2. Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zongping Xie
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- 3. Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yigang Huang
- 1. Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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23
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Hynes K, Menichanin D, Bright R, Ivanovski S, Hutmacher DW, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A New Frontier for Stem Cells in Dentistry. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1508-15. [PMID: 26285811 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are the newest member of a growing list of stem cell populations that hold great potential for use in cell-based treatment approaches in the dental field. This review summarizes the dental tissues that have successfully been utilized to generate iPSC lines, as well as the potential uses of iPSCs for tissue regeneration in different dental applications. While iPSCs display great promise in a number of dental applications, there are safety concerns with these cells that need to be addressed before they can be used in clinical settings. This review outlines some of the apprehensions to the use of iPSCs clinically, and it details approaches that are being employed to ensure the safety and efficacy of these cells. One of the major approaches being investigated is the differentiation of iPSCs prior to use in patients. iPSCs have successfully been differentiated into a wide range of cells and tissue types. This review focuses on 2 differentiation approaches-the differentiation of iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells and the differentiation of iPSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. Both these resulting populations of cells are particularly relevant to the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hynes
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Menichanin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Bright
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Ivanovski
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - D W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Gronthos
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P M Bartold
- Colgate Australian Dental Research Centre, Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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24
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Diabetes and stem cell function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:592915. [PMID: 26075247 PMCID: PMC4449886 DOI: 10.1155/2015/592915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common serious metabolic diseases that results in hyperglycemia due to defects of insulin secretion or insulin action or both. The present review focuses on the alterations to the diabetic neuronal tissues and skeletal muscle, including stem cells in both tissues, and the preventive effects of physical activity on diabetes. Diabetes is associated with various nervous disorders, such as cognitive deficits, depression, and Alzheimer's disease, and that may be caused by neural stem cell dysfunction. Additionally, diabetes induces skeletal muscle atrophy, the impairment of energy metabolism, and muscle weakness. Similar to neural stem cells, the proliferation and differentiation are attenuated in skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells. However, physical activity is very useful for preventing the diabetic alteration to the neuronal tissues and skeletal muscle. Physical activity improves neurogenic capacity of neural stem cells and the proliferative and differentiative abilities of satellite cells. The present review proposes physical activity as a useful measure for the patients in diabetes to improve the physiological functions and to maintain their quality of life. It further discusses the use of stem cell-based approaches in the context of diabetes treatment.
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Zhang J, Guan J, Niu X, Hu G, Guo S, Li Q, Xie Z, Zhang C, Wang Y. Exosomes released from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MSCs facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:49. [PMID: 25638205 PMCID: PMC4371881 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hiPSC-MSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative for stem cell transplantation therapy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) can play important roles in repairing injured tissues. However, to date, no reports have demonstrated the use of hiPSC-MSC-Exos in cutaneous wound healing, and little is known regarding their underlying mechanisms in tissue repair. Methods hiPSC-MSC-Exos were injected subcutaneously around wound sites in a rat model and the efficacy of hiPSC-MSC-Exos was assessed by measuring wound closure areas, by histological and immunofluorescence examinations. We also evaluated the in vitro effects of hiPSC-MSC-Exos on both the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by cell-counting and scratch assays, respectively. The effects of exosomes on fibroblast collagen and elastin secretion were studied in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In vitro capillary network formation was determined in tube-formation assays. Results Transplanting hiPSC-MSC-Exos to wound sites resulted in accelerated re-epithelialization, reduced scar widths, and the promotion of collagen maturity. Moreover, hiPSC-MSC-Exos not only promoted the generation of newly formed vessels, but also accelerated their maturation in wound sites. We found that hiPSC-MSC-Exos stimulated the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Similarly, Type I, III collagen and elastin secretion and mRNA expression by fibroblasts and tube formation by HUVECs were also increased with increasing hiPSC-MSC-Exos concentrations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that hiPSC-MSC-Exos can facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. These data provide the first evidence for the potential of hiPSC-MSC-Exos in treating cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guowen Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shangchun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zongping Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Marfia G, Navone SE, Di Vito C, Ughi N, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Tremolada C, Bolla G, Crotti C, Ingegnoli F, Rampini P, Riboni L, Gualtierotti R, Campanella R. Mesenchymal stem cells: potential for therapy and treatment of chronic non-healing skin wounds. Organogenesis 2015; 11:183-206. [PMID: 26652928 PMCID: PMC4879897 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process including overlapping phases (hemostatic/inflammatory, proliferating and remodeling phases). Every alteration in this mechanism might lead to pathological conditions of different medical relevance. Treatments for chronic non-healing wounds are expensive because reiterative treatments are needed. Regenerative medicine and in particular mesenchymal stem cells approach is emerging as new potential clinical application in wound healing. In the past decades, advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing process has led to extensive topical administration of growth factors as part of wound care. Currently, no definitive treatment is available and the research on optimal wound care depends upon the efficacy and cost-benefit of emerging therapies. Here we provide an overview on the novel approaches through stem cell therapy to improve cutaneous wound healing, with a focus on diabetic wounds and Systemic Sclerosis-associated ulcers, which are particularly challenging. Current and future treatment approaches are discussed with an emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ughi
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Bolla
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
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The Potential for iPS-Derived Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy for Spinal Cord Injury: Opportunities and Challenges. J Clin Med 2014; 4:37-65. [PMID: 26237017 PMCID: PMC4470238 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating trauma causing long-lasting disability. Although advances have occurred in the last decade in the medical, surgical and rehabilitative treatments of SCI, the therapeutic approaches are still not ideal. The use of cell transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SCI is promising, particularly since it can target cell replacement, neuroprotection and regeneration. Cell therapies for treating SCI are limited due to several translational roadblocks, including ethical and practical concerns regarding cell sources. The use of iPSCs has been particularly attractive, since they avoid the ethical and moral concerns that surround other stem cells. Furthermore, various cell types with potential for application in the treatment of SCI can be created from autologous sources using iPSCs. For applications in SCI, the iPSCs can be differentiated into neural precursor cells, neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neural crest cells and mesenchymal stromal cells that can act by replacing lost cells or providing environmental support. Some methods, such as direct reprogramming, are being investigated to reduce tumorigenicity and improve reprogramming efficiencies, which have been some of the issues surrounding the use of iPSCs clinically to date. Recently, iPSCs have entered clinical trials for use in age-related macular degeneration, further supporting their promise for translation in other conditions, including SCI.
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Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning tissue repair and its failure to heal are still poorly understood, and current therapies are limited. Poor wound healing after trauma, surgery, acute illness, or chronic disease conditions affects millions of people worldwide each year and is the consequence of poorly regulated elements of the healthy tissue repair response, including inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, and cell recruitment. Failure of one or several of these cellular processes is generally linked to an underlying clinical condition, such as vascular disease, diabetes, or aging, which are all frequently associated with healing pathologies. The search for clinical strategies that might improve the body's natural repair mechanisms will need to be based on a thorough understanding of the basic biology of repair and regeneration. In this review, we highlight emerging concepts in tissue regeneration and repair, and provide some perspectives on how to translate current knowledge into viable clinical approaches for treating patients with wound-healing pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany. Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
| | - Paul Martin
- Schools of Biochemistry and Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Differentiation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells into cells of neural lineage: potential for clinical applications. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:891518. [PMID: 25506367 PMCID: PMC4260374 DOI: 10.1155/2014/891518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into extramesodermal lineages, including neurons. Positive outcomes were obtained after transplantation of neurally induced MSCs in laboratory animals after nerve injury, but this is unknown in horses. Our objectives were to test the ability of equine MSCs to differentiate into cells of neural lineage in vitro, to assess differences in morphology and lineage-specific protein expression, and to investigate if horse age and cell passage number affected the ability to achieve differentiation. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were obtained from young and adult horses. Following demonstration of stemness, MSCs were neurally induced and microscopically assessed at different time points. Results showed that commercially available nitrogen-coated tissue culture plates supported proliferation and differentiation. Morphological changes were immediate and all the cells displayed a neural crest-like cell phenotype. Expression of neural progenitor proteins, was assessed via western blot or immunofluorescence. In our study, MSCs generated from young and middle-aged horses did not show differences in their ability to undergo differentiation. The effect of cell passage number, however, is inconsistent and further experiments are needed. Ongoing work is aimed at transdifferentiating these cells into Schwann cells for transplantation into a peripheral nerve injury model in horses.
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Jeong J, Shin K, Lee SB, Lee DR, Kwon H. Patient-tailored application for Duchene muscular dystrophy on mdx mice based induced mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:253-8. [PMID: 25102299 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be used as powerful tools for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. However, isolating tissue specific-derived MSCs may cause pain and increased infection rates in patients, and repetitive isolations may be required. To overcome these difficulties, we have examined alternative methods for MSC production. Here, we show that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) following exposure to SB431542. Purified iMSCs were administered to mdx mice to study skeletal muscle regeneration in a murine model of muscular dystrophy. Purified iMSCs displayed fibroblast-like morphology, formed three-dimensional spheroid structures, and expressed characteristic mesenchymal stem cell surface markers such as CD29, CD33, CD73, CD90, and CD105. Moreover, iMSCs were capable of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Transplanting iMSC cells to tibialis anterior skeletal muscle tissue in mdx mice lowered oxidative damage as evidenced by a reduction in nitrotyrosine levels, and normal dystrophin expression levels were restored. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of purified iMSCs in skeletal muscle regeneration in mdx mice, and suggests that iPSCs are a viable alternate source for deriving MSCs as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Jeong
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea; BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
| | - Kyungshin Shin
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea; Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, South Korea
| | - Heechung Kwon
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea; Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, South Korea.
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