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Chen Z, Ye SY, Zhu RG. The extraordinary transformation of traditional Chinese medicine: processing with liquid excipients. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:561-573. [PMID: 32615903 PMCID: PMC8641677 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1778740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Chinese medicinal materials originate from animals, plants, or minerals must undergo appropriate treatment before use as decoction pieces. Processing of Chinese medicines with liquid excipients is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces which are significantly different from the original form. During processing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents, which inevitably affects clinical efficacy. At present, the liquid materials in processing mainly involve wine, vinegar, honey, saline water, ginger juice, herbal juice, etc.Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of liquid excipients processing, summarizes the influence on chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and expounds the ways and mechanisms of liquid excipients to change the properties of drugs, enhance the efficacy, eliminate or reduce toxicity and adverse reaction.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2020 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, and CNKI (Chinese). Liquid excipients, processing, pharmacological effects, synergism, chemical constitution, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as the key words.Results: Liquid excipients play a key role in the application of TCM. Processing with proper liquid excipients can change the content of toxic or active components by physical or chemical transformation, decrease or increase drug dissolution, alter drug pharmacokinetics, or exert their own pharmacological effects. Thus, processing with liquid excipients is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of TCM in clinic.Conclusion: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in traditional Chinese herbs processed with liquid excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Zhi Chen College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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2
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Zhou Q, Pei J, Poon J, Lau AY, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu C, Huang L. Worldwide research trends on aristolochic acids (1957-2017): Suggestions for researchers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216135. [PMID: 31048858 PMCID: PMC6497264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are components of many traditional medicines that have been used for thousands of years, particularly in Asian countries. To study the trends of research into aristolochic acids and provide suggestions for future study, we performed the following work. In this paper, we performed a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and HistCite software. We reviewed the three phases of the development of aristolochic acids by using bibliometrics. In addition, we performed a longitudinal review of published review articles over 60 years: 1,217 articles and 189 review articles on the history of aristolochic acid research published between 1957 and 2017 were analyzed. The performances of relevant countries, institutions, and authors are presented; the evolutionary trends of different categories are revealed; the history of research into aristolochic acids is divided into three phases, each of which has unique characteristics; and a roadmap of the historical overview of aristolochic acid research is finally established. Finally, five pertinent suggestions for future research into aristolochic acid are offered: (1) The study of the antitumor efficacy of aristolochic acids is of value; (2) The immune activity of aristolochic acids should be explored further; (3) Researchers should perform a thorough overview of the discovery of naturally occurring aristolochic acids; (4) More efforts should be directed toward exploring the correlation between aristolochic acid mutational signature and various cancers; (5) Further efforts should be devoted to the research and review work related to analytical chemistry. Our study is expected to benefit researchers in shaping future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Josiah Poon
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Analytic and Clinical Cooperative Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Y Lau
- Analytic and Clinical Cooperative Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analysis of Sequences Evolution among Seven Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) Medicinal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051045. [PMID: 30823362 PMCID: PMC6429227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochiaceae, comprising about 600 species, is a unique plant family containing aristolochic acids (AAs). In this study, we sequenced seven species of Aristolochia, and retrieved eleven chloroplast (cp) genomes published for comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic constructions. The results show that the cp genomes had a typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangement and moderate divergence. The cp genomes range from 159,308 bp to 160,520 bp in length and have a similar GC content of 38.5%–38.9%. A total number of 113 genes were identified, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and four rRNAs. Although genomic structure and size were highly conserved, the IR-SC boundary regions were variable between these seven cp genomes. The trnH-GUG genes, are one of major differences between the plastomes of the two subgenera Siphisia and Aristolochia. We analyzed the features of nucleotide substitutions, distribution of repeat sequences and simple sequences repeats (SSRs), positive selections in the cp genomes, and identified 16 hotspot regions for genomes divergence that could be utilized as potential markers for phylogeny reconstruction. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Aristolochiaceae inferred from the 18 cp genome sequences were consistent and robust, using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian analysis (BI) methods.
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Wu TK, Pan YR, Wang HF, Wei CW, Yu YL. Vitamin E (α‑tocopherol) ameliorates aristolochic acid‑induced renal tubular epithelial cell death by attenuating oxidative stress and caspase‑3 activation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:31-36. [PMID: 29115579 PMCID: PMC5780138 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component identified in traditional Chinese remedies for the treatment of arthritic pain, coughs and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, previous studies have indicated that AA can induce oxidative stress in renal cells leading to nephropathy. α-tocopherol exists in numerous types of food, such as nuts, and belongs to the vitamin E isoform family. It possesses antioxidant activities and has been used previously for clinical applications. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether α-tocopherol could reduce AA-induced oxidative stress and renal cell cytotoxicity, determined by cell survival rate, reactive oxygen species detection and apoptotic features. The results indicated that AA markedly induced H2O2 levels and caspase-3 activity in renal tubular epithelial cells. Notably, the presence of α-tocopherol inhibited AA-induced H2O2 and caspase-3 activity. The present study demonstrated that antioxidant mechanisms of α-tocopherol may be involved in the increased survival rates from AA-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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5
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Zhou J, Chen X, Cui Y, Sun W, Li Y, Wang Y, Song J, Yao H. Molecular Structure and Phylogenetic Analyses of Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Two Aristolochia Medicinal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1839. [PMID: 28837061 PMCID: PMC5618488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Aristolochiaceae, comprising about 600 species of eight genera, is a unique plant family containing aristolochic acids (AAs). The complete chloroplast genome sequences of Aristolochia debilis and Aristolochia contorta are reported here. The results show that the complete chloroplast genomes of A. debilis and A. contorta comprise circular 159,793 and 160,576 bp-long molecules, respectively and have typical quadripartite structures. The GC contents of both species were 38.3% each. A total of 131 genes were identified in each genome including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and one pseudogene (ycf1). The simple-sequence repeat sequences mainly comprise A/T mononucletide repeats. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (MP) revealed that A. debilis and A. contorta had a close phylogenetic relationship with species of the family Piperaceae, as well as Laurales and Magnoliales. The data obtained in this study will be beneficial for further investigations on A. debilis and A. contorta from the aspect of evolution, and chloroplast genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhou
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinlian Chen
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yingxian Cui
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yonghua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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6
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Wang C, Feng L, Ma L, Chen H, Tan X, Hou X, Song J, Cui L, Liu D, Chen J, Yang N, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao B, Wang G, Zhou Y, Jia X. Alisol A 24-Acetate and Alisol B 23-Acetate Induced Autophagy Mediates Apoptosis and Nephrotoxicity in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:172. [PMID: 28408883 PMCID: PMC5374204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two natural compounds alisol A 24-acetate (24A) and alisol B 23-acetate (23B) are abundant in Rhizoma alismatis. In the present study, we evaluated the induction of 24A and 23B on apoptosis and possible nephrotoxicity of human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells by activating autophagy and also explored its regulation on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Presently, Clusterin, Kim-1, and TFF-3 were considered to be new bioindicators of nephrotoxicity. Interestingly, the protein expression and mRNA levels of Clusterin, Kim-1 and TFF-3 could be significantly increased by 23B and 24A in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, cell apoptosis could be triggered by 23B and 24A via significantly decreasing the protein expression and mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Autophagy of HK-2 cells could be induced by both 23B and 24A via significantly enhancing the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, the protein expression of Beclin-1 as well as the mRNA levels of LC3 and Beclin-1. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway could be inhibited by these two compounds. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, could partially reverse cell viability and conversely change the ratio of LC3II/LC3I and the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Kim-1. Thus this study helped to understand that 23B and 24A induced autophagy resulted in apoptosis and nephrotoxicity through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, facilitating further studies for nephrotoxicity induced by these two compounds and could be beneficial for safe use of Rhizoma alismatis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of MacauMacau, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei, China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei, China
| | - Yuanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
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7
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Chen DQ, Chen H, Chen L, Tang DD, Miao H, Zhao YY. Metabolomic application in toxicity evaluation and toxicological biomarker identification of natural product. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:114-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Phenotypic characterization of nanshi oral liquid alters metabolic signatures during disease prevention. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19333. [PMID: 26785698 PMCID: PMC4726315 DOI: 10.1038/srep19333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper was designed to investigate the phenotypic characterization of Nanshi Oral Liquid (NOL) alters metabolic signatures of the ‘Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome’ (KYDS). Urine metabolites were profiled by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-HDMS. The significantly changed metabolites such as xanthurenic acid, 4,8-dihydroxyquinoline, 3-methyldioxyindole, 4,6-dihydroxyquinoline, kynurenic acid, hippuric acid, taurine, tyramine, and 3-metanephrine, had been identified, and were related to the disturbance in tyrosine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and lysine degradation, which were helpful to further understanding the KYDS and intervention mechanism of NOL. The biochemical result showed that NOL can alleviate the kidney impairment induced by KYDS. Metabolomics results indicated the significantly changed metabolites were found to be reasonable in explaining the action mechanism of NOL. Interestingly, the effectiveness of NOL against KYDS was proved using the established metabolomics method and regulated the biomarkers as well as adjusted the metabolic disorder pathways. NOL had potentially pharmacological effect through regulating multiple perturbed pathways to normal state. This work showed that the metabolomics method was a powerful approach for studying the phenotypic characterization of disease’s syndrome during disease prevention and its intervention mechanism.
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Shi J, Cao B, Wang XW, Aa JY, Duan JA, Zhu XX, Wang GJ, Liu CX. Metabolomics and its application to the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of traditional Chinese herb medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1026:204-216. [PMID: 26657802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herb medicines (TCHMs) have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases for thousands of years in Asian countries. The active components of TCHMs usually exert combined synergistic therapeutic effects on multiple targets, but with less potential therapeutic effect based on routine indices than Western drugs. These complex effects make the assessment of the efficacy of TCHMs and the clarification of their underlying mechanisms very challenging, and therefore hinder their wider application and acceptance. Metabolomics is a crucial part of systems biology. It allows the quantitative measurement of large numbers of the low-molecular endogenous metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, and thus reflects the fundamental metabolism status of the body. Recently, dozens of metabolomic studies have been devoted to prove the efficacy/safety, explore the underlying mechanisms, and identify the potential biomarkers to access the action targets of TCHMs, with fruitful results. This article presents an overview of these studies, focusing on the progress made in exploring the pharmacology and toxicology of various herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Pharmacy Department, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Pharmacy Department, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Aa
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- Research Center of New Drug Evaluation, The National Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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10
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Tao L, Zeng Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Shen B, Ge J, Liu Y, Guo Y, Qiu J. Differential microRNA expression in aristolochic acid-induced upper urothelial tract cancers ex vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6533-46. [PMID: 26397152 PMCID: PMC4626193 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic compound commonly isolated from members of the plant family of Aristolochiaceae (such as Aristolochia and Asarum) and used in Chinese herbal medicine. Use of AA and AA-containing plants causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) and upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUC); however, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. miRNAs regulate a number of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. This study explored differentially expressed miRNAs between AA-induced upper urothelial tract cancer (AAN-UUC) and non-AAN-UUC tissues. Patients with AAN-UUC and non-AAN-UUC (n=20/group) were recruited in the present study. Five tissue samples from each group were used for miRNA microarray profiling and the rest of the tissue samples were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis including seven selected miRNAs for confirmation. A total of 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed between AAN-UUC and non-AAN-UUC tissues (P<0.05). TargenScan and Gene ontology analyses predicted the functions and targeted genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs, i.e. Akt3, FGFR3, PSEN1, VEGFa and AR. Subsequently, expression of the selected differentially expressed miRNAs (Hsa-miR-4795-5p, Hsa-miR-488, Hsa-miR-4784, Hsa-miR-330, Hsa-miR-3916, Hsa-miR-4274 and Hsa-miR-181c) was validated in another set of tissue samples. A total of 29 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between AAN-UUC and non-AAN-UUC tissues and these miRNA target genes in FGFR3 and Akt pathways, which regulate cell growth and tumor progression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yigang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jifu Ge
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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11
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Wu TK, Wei CW, Pan YR, Cherng SH, Chang WJ, Wang HF, Yu YL. Vitamin C attenuates the toxic effect of aristolochic acid on renal tubular cells via decreasing oxidative stress‑mediated cell death pathways. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6086-92. [PMID: 26239057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component of Chinese medicinal herbs, including asarum and aristolochia and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time. Recent studies found that AA has a cytotoxic effect resulting in nephropathy. These studies indicated that AA‑induced cytotoxicity is associated with increases in oxidative stress and caspase‑3 activation. The present study further demonstrated that AA mainly elevates the H2O2 ratio, leading to increases in oxidative stress. Furthermore, the results indicated that AA induces cell death can via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways. It is desirable to identify means of inhibiting AA‑induced renal damage; therefore, the present study applied an anti‑oxidative nutrient, vitamin C, to test whether it can be employed to reduce AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that vitamin C decreased AA‑induced H2O2 levels, caspase‑3 activity and cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells. In conclusion, the present study was the first to demonstrate that AA‑induced increases of the H2O2 ratio resulted in renal tubular cell death via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways, and that vitamin C can decrease AA‑induced increases in H2O2 levels and caspase‑3 activity to attenuate AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shur-Hueih Cherng
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
Nephrotoxicity or renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury, and/or obstruction of renal excretion. Nephrotoxicity is frequently induced by a wide spectrum of therapeutic drugs and environ mental pollutants. Knowledge of the complex molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to nephrotoxicity remains limited, in part, by research that historically focused on single or relatively few risk markers. As such, current kidney injury biomarkers are inadequate in terms of sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, metabolomics enables screening of a vast array of metabolites simultaneously using NMR and MS to assess their role in nephrotoxicity development and progression. A more comprehensive understanding of these biochemical pathways would also provide valuable insight to disease mechanisms critical for drug development and treatment.
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