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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gao Y, Guo J, Tian Y, Lin Z, Wang X. Discovery of natural 15-LOX small molecule inhibitors from Chinese herbal medicine using virtual Screening, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105197. [PMID: 34426159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) are frequently used to treat different types of inflammatory diseases and 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is a critical target enzyme for treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study, natural 15-LOX inhibitors were identified in CHM using an approach of virtual screening combined with the biological assays. First, an in-house Chinese medicine database containing 360 compounds was screened using a virtual screening approach based on pharmacophore and molecular docking to uncover several novel potential 15-LOX inhibitors. Secondly, the inhibitory effect of virtual screening hits against the 15-LOX enzyme was validated in an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay. Then, a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release assay was carried out to explore the anti-inflammatory response of the active compounds. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculation were applied to analyze the process of inhibitors binding and also compared the mode of binding of the inhibitors by using the Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) method. Finally, licochalcone B and eriodictyol were confirmed as inhibitors of the 15-LOX enzyme with IC50 values of 9.67 and 18.99 μM, respectively. In vitro cell-based assay showed that licochalcone B and eriodictyol inhibited the release of TNF-α factor in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular dynamics and binding free energy analysis showed that the two 15-LOX-ligand systems immediately attained equilibrium with almost 1 Å fluctuation, the calculated binding free energies were found around -18.89 and -12.96 kcal/mol for licochalcone B and eriodictyol, respectively. Thr412, Arg415, Val420, Thr429, Ile602 and Trp606 were the main amino acid residues for the inhibition of 15-LOX enzyme activity. The current study confirms that licochalcone B and eriodictyol are 15-LOX inhibitors and can suppress the release of the TNF-α factor in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS, thus providing a basis for the follow-up research and development for 15-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yulang Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Li HL, Hao GM, Tang SJ, Sun HH, Fang YS, Pang X, Liu H, Ji Q, Wang XR, Tian JY, Jiang KX, Song XZ, Zhu RX, Han J, Wang W. HuoXue JieDu formula improves diabetic retinopathy in rats by regulating microRNAs. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 268:113616. [PMID: 33271246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE HuoXue JieDu Formula (HXJDF) originates from classical formulas and was formed based on clinical experience. It is composed of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold, Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, the roots of Anguina kirilowii (Maxim.) Kuntze, and Coptis omeiensis (C. Chen) C.Y.Cheng. HXJDF prevents the deterioration of diabetic retinopathy. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of HXJDF on diabetic retinopathy in rats and investigate the roles of miRNAs in the effects of HXJDF. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: normal, diabetic, and diabetic + HXJDF. Rats were treated with HXJDF (15.4 g/kg) or water by oral gavage for twelve weeks. At the end of the treatment, rats were anaesthetized, and retinal haemodynamic changes were measured. Then, the retinas were removed and examined by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and TUNEL assays. In addition, miRNA expression profiling was performed using miRNA microarrays and further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Diabetes reduced peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV) and central retinal vein velocity (CRV) but increased the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). In addition, in the diabetic group, retinal cell arrangement was disordered and loosely arranged, the retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number decreased, and retinal cell apoptosis increased. In addition, 11 miRNAs were upregulated and 4 miRNAs were downregulated. After treatment, HXJDF improved retinal haemodynamics and morphologic changes, restored retinal thickness and RGC number and decreased retinal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the changes in miRNA expression were significantly abolished by HXJDF. CONCLUSION HXJDF may prevent DR by regulating the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- College of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Gai-Mei Hao
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong-Sheng Fang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinxin Pang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanying Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingxuan Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Yun Tian
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Kun-Xiu Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing-Zhuo Song
- College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui-Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhai X, Pang K, Li H, Yao X, Wang Z, Tang P, Tang H. Study on evaluation of toxicology and quality control of Yimusake tablet. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 263:111443. [PMID: 30012512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Yimusake tablet (YMSK-T) is a type of Xinjiang Uygur Medicine, which affects curing diseases of impotence and premature ejaculation. It has remarkable pharmacological effects that mainly involve improving the number and shape of smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum and enhancing the relaxation and contraction function of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. AIM OF THE STUDY The YMSK-T prescription, which consists of 11 traditional herbs, has significant pharmacological effects, however the evaluation of toxicology and quality control of the preparation has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the toxicology and quality control of YMSK-T to ensure its safety and effectiveness in clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were divided into three groups and were given continuous gavage administration of high, medium and low concentrations of YMSK-T. To determine hematopoietic parameters, orbital blood was collected at regular intervals. At termination of the experiment, rats were dissected for histopathological examination. According to the function of the prescription medicinal materials, seven active components were selected for content determination under the same chromatographic condition of using 0.2% aqueous phosphoric acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) with a 40 min post time: 0-13 min, 20% →30% B; 13-26 min, 30% →72% B; 26-38 min, 72% →92% B; 38-40 min, 92% →96% B. The column was maintained at 25 °C and the total sample injection was 10 μL. RESULTS Our data showed that using a large dose (400X the dosage used in humans) of YMSK-T resulted in myocardium and liver damage, and eventually death of the rats. At sub-chronic toxicity, no significant differences were observed among indexes about relative organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry and histopathological examination, and rats behaved normally. Our results also demonstrated that the YMSK-T dosage used was not toxic in the normal range. The linearity of each component was sufficient (correlation coefficients>0.9997). Moreover, the relative standard deviations of precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery were less than 2.0%, which showed that the method for determination of content was stable and reliable. CONCLUSIONS YMSK-T has been found to be relatively safe in a rat model, and the method of content determination can be used for quality control of YMSK-T. Toxicology and quality control studies indicated that, the drug is safe and effective for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Kejian Pang
- Hetian Uygur Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hetian, 848200, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources Utilization, Pharmacy School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, PR China.
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Abstract
Context: The Chinese medicinal materials originate from animals, plants, or minerals must undergo appropriate treatment before use as decoction pieces. Processing of Chinese medicines with liquid excipients is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces which are significantly different from the original form. During processing, significant changes occur in chemical constituents, which inevitably affects clinical efficacy. At present, the liquid materials in processing mainly involve wine, vinegar, honey, saline water, ginger juice, herbal juice, etc.Objective: This review introduces the typical methods of liquid excipients processing, summarizes the influence on chemical composition, pharmacological efficacy, and expounds the ways and mechanisms of liquid excipients to change the properties of drugs, enhance the efficacy, eliminate or reduce toxicity and adverse reaction.Methods: English and Chinese literature from 1986 to 2020 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015, and CNKI (Chinese). Liquid excipients, processing, pharmacological effects, synergism, chemical constitution, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were used as the key words.Results: Liquid excipients play a key role in the application of TCM. Processing with proper liquid excipients can change the content of toxic or active components by physical or chemical transformation, decrease or increase drug dissolution, alter drug pharmacokinetics, or exert their own pharmacological effects. Thus, processing with liquid excipients is essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of TCM in clinic.Conclusion: This article could be helpful for researchers who are interested in traditional Chinese herbs processed with liquid excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Zhi Chen College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Rong-Gang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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Gu S, Lai LH. Associating 197 Chinese herbal medicine with drug targets and diseases using the similarity ensemble approach. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:432-438. [PMID: 31530902 PMCID: PMC7470807 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) addresses complex diseases through polypharmacological interactions. However, systematic studies of herbal medicine pharmacology remain challenging due to the complexity of CHM ingredients and their interactions with various targets. In this study, we aim to address this challenge with computational approaches. We investigated the herb-target-disease associations of 197 commonly prescribed CHMs using the similarity ensemble approach and DisGeNET database. We demonstrated that this method can be applied to associate herbs with their putative targets. In the case study of three well-known herbs, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Flos Lonicerae, and Rhizoma Coptidis, approximately 70% of the predicted targets were supported by scientific literature. By linking 406 targets to 2439 annotated diseases, we further analyzed the pharmacological functions of 197 herbs. Finally, we proposed a strategy of target-oriented herbal formula design and illustrated the target profiles for four common chronic diseases, namely, Alzheimer's disease, depressive disorder, hypertensive disease, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This computational approach holds great potential in the target identification of herbs, understanding the molecular mechanisms of CHM, and designing novel herbal formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and the Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu-Hua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and the Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Feng W, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Systems pharmacology reveals the unique mechanism features of Shenzhu Capsule for treatment of ulcerative colitis in comparison with synthetic drugs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16160. [PMID: 30385774 PMCID: PMC6212405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinic, both synthetic drugs and Shenzhu Capsule (SZC), one kind of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), are used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). In our study, a systems pharmacology approach was employed to elucidate the chemical and mechanism differences between SZC and synthetic drugs in treating UC. First, the compound databases were constructed for SZC and synthetic drugs. Then, the targets of SZC were predicted with on-line tools and validated using molecular docking method. Finally, chemical space, targets, and pathways of SZC and synthetic drugs were compared. Results showed that atractylenolide I, atractylone, kaempferol, etc., were bioactive compounds of SZC. Comparison of SZC and synthetic drugs showed that (1) in chemical space, the area of SZC encompasses the area of synthetic drugs; (2) SZC can act on more targets and pathways than synthetic drugs; (3) SZC can not only regulate immune and inflammatory reactions but also act on ulcerative colitis complications (bloody diarrhea) and prevent UC to develop into colorectal cancer whereas synthetic drugs mainly regulate immune and inflammatory reactions. Our study could help us to understand the compound and mechanism differences between TCM and synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Ding C, Li J, Jiao M, Zhang A. Catalyst-Free sp 3 C-H Acyloxylation: Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Acyloxy Derivatives of the Natural Product Tanshinone IIA. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2514-2520. [PMID: 27672695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a valuable bioactive natural product isolated from the well-known Chinese herb Danshen. Structural manipulation of the A-ring of tanshinone IIA is rather limited. In this study, a substrate tautomerization-induced catalyst-free benzylic sp3 C-H acyloxylation approach is reported that allows the direct introduction of various acyloxy groups at the A-ring benzylic methylene of various tanshinone IIA substrates, thus avoiding the use of expensive transition metal catalysts and the production of harmful byproducts. This approach features a unique acid-induced reversible enolization/oxa-conjugate addition process followed by oxidation to exclusively give a series of diverse 1-acyloxylated derivatives under simple conditions in a regioselective manner. Compared with the literature procedures, this protocol demonstrates a higher efficiency, a more robust functional-group tolerance, atom economy, and lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 20120, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkun Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 20120, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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He FY, He H, Zhou YQ, Deng KW, Wang ZQ, Yang YT, Tang Y. [Impact of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine injection supramolecules on (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:345-349. [PMID: 28861984 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20160229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility mechanism of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection supramolecules was clarified to lay the foundation to build safety evaluation method. Based on the previous publication on special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, combined with the natural origination of (anaphylactoid) hypersensitized special rules as well as the sensitization phenomenon of cordate houttuynia injection, the impact of the structure characteristics of ″imprinting templates″ in TCM injection supramolecules on its (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility was clarified. In Chinese medicine injections, the supramolecular structures can independently be generated, showing overall apparent (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility nature, and their structure characteristics were dependent on the strength. In addition, (anaphylactoid) hypersensitive critical supramolecular structure was present. When it was administrated by ″injection″, it's structure was not easy to be destroyed, often showing apparent immunogenicity, whereas if it was administrated by ″oral″, the structure would be destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract, showing weaker or no apparent immunogenicity. Therefore, there are differences in (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility between ″injection″ and ″oral″ administration of TCM. TCM injections would produce the supramolecules between ″molecular society″ by independent reaction of supramolecular ″imprinting template″ (chemical determinants), showing apparent immune process of recognition, copying, and storage. Single molecule is a special example for this. The screening of anaphylactoid (sensitinogen) includes the single ingredients and their forming supramolecules for TCM injection. This is the unique feature for safety evaluation of Chinese medicine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yuan He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Property and Pharmacodaynamic Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Processing and Preparation Supramolecular Technologic Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Chracterization for Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Processing and Preparation Supramolecular Technologic Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Property and Pharmacodaynamic Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Processing and Preparation Supramolecular Technologic Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Kai-Wen Deng
- The First Affinity Hospital , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Property and Pharmacodaynamic Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan-Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Property and Pharmacodaynamic Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Chracterization for Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Property and Pharmacodaynamic Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, State Administration of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Supramolecular Mechanism and Mathematic-Physics Chracterization for Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Pan LL, Wang J, Jia YL, Zheng HM, Wang Y, Zhu YZ. Asymmetric synthesis and evaluation of danshensu-cysteine conjugates as novel potential anti-apoptotic drug candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:628-44. [PMID: 25551606 PMCID: PMC4307265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the danshensu-cysteine conjugate N-((R)-3-benzylthio-1-methoxy-1-oxo-2-propanyl)-2-acetoxy-3-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl) propanamide (DSC) is a potent anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic agent. Herein, we further design and asymmetrically synthesize two diastereoisomers of DSC and explore their potential bioactivities. Our results show that DSC and its two diastereoisomers exert similar protective effects in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular injury in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by the increase of cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression, and the decrease of cellular morphological changes and nuclear condensation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. In H2O2-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), DSC concentration-dependently attenuates H2O2-induced cell death, LDH release, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and modulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9). Our results provide strong evidence that DSC and its two diastereoisomers have similar anti-oxidative activity and that DSC exerts significant vascular-protective effects, at least in part, through inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yao-Ling Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Abstract
Components previously reported from Cyclocarya paliurus include the oleananes cyclocaric acids A and B, with cyclocaric acid A possessing an oxetane ring. Isolation of cyclocaric acid A from the plant extract and comparison to the literature report show that the compound originally reported as cyclocaric acid A is, in fact, hederagenin. This was confirmed by independent synthesis of the oxetane and indicates that cyclocaric acid A may not actually be a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Wright
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University , Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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Lv ZM, Zhao SH, Liang JQ, Tu PF. [Synthesis and characterization of 9-O-alkyl substituted palmatine derivatives]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:699-703. [PMID: 25204150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the establishment of chemical library of protoberberines provided for the bio-activity screening, the target compounds were synthesized by thermal degradation and nucleophilic substitution reactions with the bio-active alkaloid, palmatine (1), as the raw material, and their structures were identified and conformed by 1H-NMR and MS spectra. Among them, 13 compounds were new.
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Laine AE, Lood C, Koskinen AMP. Pharmacological importance of optically active tetrahydro-β-carbolines and synthetic approaches to create the C1 stereocenter. Molecules 2014; 19:1544-67. [PMID: 24473212 PMCID: PMC6271216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) are a pharmacologically important group of compounds belonging to the indole alkaloids. C1-Substituted optically active THβCs have been the target of extensive synthetic efforts due to the presence of the scaffold in numerous natural products and synthetic targets. This review briefly summarizes the methods to obtain the C1 stereocenter and concentrates on evaluating the pharmacological importance of optically active C1-substituted THβCs, including their PDE5-inhibitory, antimalarial, antiviral and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino E Laine
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
| | - Christopher Lood
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
| | - Ari M P Koskinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Tehcnology, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, Kemistintie 1, Aalto FI-00076, Finland.
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13
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Liu Y, He X, Liu X, Zuo H, Li Z, Wu Z, Xiang C, Lai X. [Synthesis of baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex and its bioactivity]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2012; 37:1296-1302. [PMID: 22803379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study synthesis of baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex and its antimicrobial, anti-tumor activity and anti-tumor effect against macrophages. METHOD Baicalin was reacted with metallic salt under a weak base condition to produce baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex. Baicalin and its synthesized complex were detected for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Hay bacillus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Candida albicans by twofold broth dilution technique. Their anti-tumor activity against A549 and IC50 of HepG2 cells and anti-tumor effect against macrophages were detected by the MTT. And their phagocytic effect on macrophages was determined by the neutral red assay. RESULT The yields of baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex were 73.93% and 91.08%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against Staphylococcus aureus, Hay bacillus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Candida albicans was 0.0004, 0.0009, 0.0004, 0.0009, 0.000 4 mol x L(-1) for baicalin-copper complex and 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0011, 0.0005 mol x L(-1) for baicalin-aluminium complex. The IC50 values against A549 and HepG2 cells were 89.6, 22.6 micromol x L(-1) for baicalin-copper complex, and 138.8, 97.2 micromol x L(-1) for baicalin-aluminium complex. The inhibitory ratio of macrophage on A549 cell was 43.52%, 80.89%, 52.66%, respectively, after the macrophages were stimulated by baicalin, baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex at a concentration of 160 micromol x L(-1). CONCLUSION The acute toxicity test in mice showed that the complex was nontoxic to mice. Baicalin-copper complex showed the highest antimicrobial, anti-tumor activity, and the strongest effect on the anti-tumor activity of macrophage, while baicalin showed the lowest activities compared with baicalin-copper and baicalin-aluminium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Chang TT, Chen KC, Chang KW, Chen HY, Tsai FJ, Sun MF, Chen CYC. In silico pharmacology suggests ginger extracts may reduce stroke risks. Mol Biosyst 2011; 7:2702-10. [PMID: 21776525 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade has been linked to the allergic responses that associate with the risks of stroke or cardiovascular diseases. Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) has been shown to be highly involved in cAMP regulation and is hence implied to be a potential drug target in stroke prevention. To identify potential PDE4D inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), we employed machine learning modeling techniques to screen a comprehensive TCM database. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and support vector machine (SVM) models constructed have correlation coefficients of 0.8234 and 0.7854 respectively. Three candidates from the ginger family were identified based on the prediction models. Molecular dynamics simulation further validated the binding stabilities of each candidate in comparison to the control inhibitor L-454560. The intermolecular distances suggested that the candidates could hinder PDE4D from binding to cAMP. Furthermore, the HypoGen validation suggested that top2, top3, and the control L-454560 mapped with the predicted pharmacophores. The results suggested that the 3 compounds identified from the ginger family were capable in inhibiting cAMP binding and hydrolysis by PDE4D. We further identified and characterized the ligand binding properties that are associated with the inhibition of PDE4D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Laboratory of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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15
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Qian S, Li H, Chen Y, Zhang W, Yang S, Wu Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of oleanolic acid derivatives as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:1743-1750. [PMID: 20964318 DOI: 10.1021/np100064m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator in the process of insulin signaling and a promising drug target for diabetes and obesity. Derivatives of oleanolic acid were synthesized and evaluated as PTP1B inhibitors. Several derivatives exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities against PTP1B, with 25f displaying the most promising inhibition (IC(50) = 3.12 μM). Structure-activity relationship analyses of these derivatives demonstrated that the integrity of the A ring and 12-ene moieties was important in the retention of PTP1B enzyme inhibitory activities. In addition, hydrophilic and acidic groups as well as the distance between the oleanene and acid moieties were associated with PTP1B inhibitory activities. Possible binding modes of 25f were explored by molecular docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qian
- Bioengineering College, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of the maoecrystal V (1) carbon skeleton is described. The key transformations include arylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound with a triarylbismuth(V) dichloride species, oxidative dearomatization of a phenol, and a subsequent intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Krawczuk
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Niklas Schöne
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
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17
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Xiong Y, Liu QD, Lai L, Chen JH. [Preparation of the oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of GBE50]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2009; 44:803-808. [PMID: 19806924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To prepare the oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of GBE50, balance solubility method was used to screen emulsifier and assistant emulsifier; a pseudo-tamary phase diagram was used to prepare microemulsion; and orthogonal design was used to optimize formulation. Self-microemulsifying efficiency, dissolution, stability and pharmacokinetics of the preparation were studied. As a result, GBE50-SMEDDS of IPM, Cremophor EL, 1,2-propanediol and GBE50 could be self emulsified to form stable microemulsion with particle diameter between 20 and 50 nm when emulsifying with water. Its self-microemulsifying efficiency and dissolution are quick with good stability and it has a higher bioavailability than market existing agents Xingling particles. GBE50-SMEDDS is stable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Wu Y, Suehiro M, Kitajima M, Matsuzaki T, Hashimoto S, Nagaoka M, Zhang R, Takayama H. Rhazinilam and quebrachamine derivatives from Yunnan Kopsia arborea. J Nat Prod 2009; 72:204-209. [PMID: 19133778 DOI: 10.1021/np800489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three new rhazinilam-derived alkaloids, kopsiyunnanines C1, C2, and C3, and a new quebrachamine-type alkaloid, kopsiyunnanine D, which possess an unusual methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl function, were isolated from the aerial parts of Yunnan Kopsia arborea. This is the first report of the presence of these functions in natural alkaloids. The structures and absolute configurations of the alkaloids were determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by semisynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Wang LJ, Ye XL, Chen Z, Li XG, Sun QL, Zhang BS, Cao XG, Yu G, Niu XH. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3-octyloxy-8-alkyljatrorrhizine derivatives. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2009; 11:365-370. [PMID: 19431018 DOI: 10.1080/10286020902727447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By introducing octyloxy to C-3 and alkyl groups to C-8 of jatrorrhizine, a series of 3-octyloxy-8-alkyljatrorrhizine derivatives were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that the derivatives exhibited high antimicrobial activities, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The 3-octyloxy-8-butyljatrorrhizine displayed the highest antimicrobial activity in all compounds. Their structure-activity relationships were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- Chemistry Institute of Pharmaceutical Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Shen XL, Chen QH, Wang FP. Further studies on CAB approach toward chemical conversion of C19-diterpenoid alkaloids to taxoids: synthesis of the vital intermediate C-nor-aconanone. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2009; 11:97-109. [PMID: 19219720 DOI: 10.1080/10286020801967128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the title study, the synthesis of the vital intermediate C-nor-aconanone (3) from 4 was completed through 11 steps, mainly including semipinacol rearrangement, formation of the imines by the treatment of 10 or 20 with NBS, the cleavage of N-C19 bonds in 11 or 21 by treatment with m-CPBA and subsequently with LTA, as well as the rupture of the N-C17 bonds in 22 by a modified Nef reaction (NaH/t-BuOH --> KMnO4/H2O). One-pot procedure was successfully developed starting from 11 or 21 to afford the N,19-seco-C-nor product 15 or 22, respectively, in reasonably good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Li Shen
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li G, Zhang DF, Yu RM, Wang WK. [Review on the methods of processing rhubarb]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao 2008; 6:1184-1189. [PMID: 18990347 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Processing Herbs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330006, China.
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Abstract
A modified procedure of a previous synthetic route for baicalein was developed in order to obtain more than ten grams of baicalein for in vivo test. There were several difficulties in applying the published experimental procedures for a large scale of synthesis. The modified synthetic work was successfully accomplished by reducing amount of strong Lewis acid in Fries rearrangement and using tetrabutylammonium iodide as an additive to speed up the demethylation reaction in refluxing HBr into completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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Shin IJ, Choi ES, Cho CG. Total Synthesis of (±)-trans-Dihydronarciclasine through a Highlyendo-Selective Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of 3,5-Dibromo-2-pyrone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2303-5. [PMID: 17300121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In-Ji Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Sungdong-Ku, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In the search for new drugs and natural remedies, medicinal plants or herbs used in folk and traditional medicines are promising candidates. For the naturally rare and slowly growing plant species, plant tissue culture in bioreactors provides a cost-effective, sustainable and well-controlled means for mass production of the active principles of medicinal plants, and enables fuller utilization of their biosynthetic capacity. Recognizing that natural resources and agricultural land in China are limited,many Chinese research groups have engaged in the development of plant tissue culture techniques and processes for the cultivation and rapid propagation of medicinal plants, and for the biosynthesis and biotransformation of phytomedicines. This review primarily aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the major achievements in this and related research areas in China over the last three decades, but also to identify the difficulties and predict future trends in developing plant tissue culture biotechnology for the manufacture of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gang Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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25
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Deng L, Huang H, Xu MX. [Structural modification of cyclovirobuxine D and their inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2006; 41:121-4. [PMID: 16671540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To search for compounds through structural modification of cyclovirobuxine D, using 20 or 21-aminosteroids as lead compound for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases with better lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. METHODS According to rational drug design principle, a series of cyclovirobuxine D analogues were prepared, and their bioactivities were tested. RESULTS Four new compounds were obtained and confirmed by spectra. CONCLUSION Lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of cyclovirobuxine D analogues were tested by using TBA method. Some compounds showed better activity than that of cyclovirobuxine D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Deng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Deng L, Huang H, Xu MX, Zhou SQ, Ren F, Wang XW, Li DQ. [Prodrug structural modifications of cyclovirobuxine D and their biological activity]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2005; 40:820-4. [PMID: 16342684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To search for compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through prodrug structural modifications of cyclovirobuxine D, a single efficient composition distilled from Box plant in China, which was used to treat angina and myocardial infarction. METHODS According to prodrug design principle, a series of cyclovirobuxine D analogues were prepared, suc as succinate, phosphate and amino acid ester, and their biological activities were tested. RESULTS Seven new compounds were obtained and confirmed with 1H NMR, MS, and element analysis. CONCLUSION In pharmacology experiment, for treating arrhythmia induced by aconitine, succinate and amino acid ester of cyclovirobuxine D (I and VII) showed better activities than that of cyclovirobuxine D. The normal rhythm of the heart duration of I and VII were ( 11.53 +/- 7.62) min and (12.68 +/- 9.25) min, compared with 0.9% NaCl solution and cyclovirobuxine D, (2.36 +/- 1.68) min and (10.25 +/- 6.59) min (P < 0.01), respectively. Another pharmacology experiment, for treating arrhythmia induced by chloroform, the negative ratio of I and VII were 80% and 82%, compared with 0.9% NaCl solution and cyclovirobuxine D, 43% and 52% (P < 0.05), respectively. The difference between new compounds and cyclovirobuxine D was distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Deng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdi 610041, China.
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Feng S, Xia Y, Han D, Zheng C, He X, Tang X, Bai D. Synthesis and acetylcholinesterase inhibition of derivatives of huperzine B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:523-6. [PMID: 15664805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
By targeting dual active sites of AChE, a number of new derivatives of HupB have been synthesized and tested as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The most potent compound, bis-HupB 5b is 72-fold more potent in AChE inhibition and 79-fold more selective for AChE versus BChE than HupB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Feng
- State Key Laboratory for New Drug Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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28
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Deng L, Huang H, Xu MX, Zhou SQ, Wang XW, Lu M, Ren F, Li DQ. [Structural modification and bioactivity of cyclovirobuxine D]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2004; 39:434-8. [PMID: 15491100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To search for new compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by structural modification of cyclovirobuxine D. METHODS According to rational drug design principle, a series of cyclovirobuxine D analogues were prepared, and their bioactivities were tested. RESULTS Ten new compounds were syntheized and confirmed by spectra. CONCLUSION Endurance lacking oxygen activity and antiarrhythmia effects of some analogues of cyclovirobuxine D were tested. Some compounds showed better activity than cyclovirobuxine D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Deng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, China.
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29
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Kong LY, Wu XL, Min ZD. [Semi-synthesis of derivatives with C-3' and C-4' trans-configuration from (+)-praeruptorin A]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2003; 38:358-63. [PMID: 12958840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM In order to compare the calcium antagonist activity between the derivatives of (+)-praeruptorin A with C-3' and C-4' cis-configuration and trans-configuration, and to look for new active compounds, some derivatives with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration of (+)-praeruptorin A were semi-synthsized. METHODS (+)-Praeruptorin A was isolated from the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum. Basic hydrolysis of (+)-praeruptorin A was carried out. From the alkaline hydrolysis product (2), eight new products (5-12) with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration were semi-synthsized whose C-3' was linked to angeloyloxy and C-4' was linked to various acyloxy, using respective acids as acylating agents, DCC as a dehydrant, DMAP as catalyst. From the alkaline hydrolysis product (4), five new products (13-17) with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration were obtained whose C-3', C-4' is linked to various same acyloxys, using respective acids as acylating agents, DCC as dehydrant, DMAP as catalyst. Also from the alkaline hydrolysis product (4), using respective acyl chlorides as acylating agents, anhydrous dichloromethane containing minor pyridine as a solvent, the improved Schotten-Baumann reactions were carried out, two new products (18, 20) with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration were obtained whose only C-3' linked to acyloxy and two other new products (19, 21) with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration were obtained whose C-3' and C-4' linked two acyloxys. The structures of all the products were elucidated by spectral analyses including IR, 1HNMR and EIMS. The calcium antagonist activity of all of the products were tested by inhibition of the systole of rat artery ring. RESULTS Seventeen compounds with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration were semi-synthesized from (+)-praeruptorin A for the first time and their calcium antagonist activity were evaluated. CONCLUSION All of the derivatives were new compounds. Bioactivity assay indicated that some new compounds with C-3', C-4' trans-configuration showed obvious calcium antagonist activity, but they are not as strong as (+)-praeruptorin A. The activity of some products was shown to be similar to that of the derivatives with C-3', C-4' cis-configuration for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-yi Kong
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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30
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Chen Y, Zhu SM, Chen HY. [Progress in studies on the artemisinin (qinghaosu)-type antimalarials]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2002; 33:234-9. [PMID: 11938970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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31
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Wu XL, Kong LY, Min ZD. [Studies on structure modification of (+)-praeruptorin A]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2002; 37:527-34. [PMID: 12914322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM In order to look for new active compounds, the structure of (+)-praeruptorin A is modified. METHODS (+)-Praeruptorin A was isolated from the root of Peucedanum praeruptorum, basic hydrolysis of (+)-praeruptorin A and acyled reactions of hydrolysis product of (+)-praeruptorin A were carried out. RESULTS Eighteen compounds were semi-synthesized from (+)-praeruptorin A. CONCLUSION Fourteen compounds (5-18) among them are new compounds. Preliminary bioactivity assay indicated that the new compounds show calcium antagonist activity, but they are not as strong as (+)-praeruptorin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-li Wu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038, China
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32
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Abstract
Oligosaccharide derivatives from sanqi, a Chinese herbal medicine derived from Panax notoginseng, methyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->6)]-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, diosgenyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->6)]-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, and methyl beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->6)]-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->6)]-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, were synthesized under standard glycosylation conditions. An unexpected alpha-(1-->4) linkage was formed predominantly in the presence of neighboring participation group during regioselective synthesis of hexasaccharide via 3+3 strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Academia Sinica, Beijing, PR China
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Abstract
The reactions of the ring-contracted aldehydes, derived from anhydrodihydroartemisinin, with gem-difluoroenoxysilanes in the presence of BF(3).Et(2)O afforded the corresponding difluoromethylene ketol adducts in good yields. Similar Lewis acid catalyzed reactions of dihydroartemisinin acetate with the difluoroenoxysilanes provided the 10-substituted difluoromethylene ketones in good to moderate yields. Interestingly enough, the course and the stereochemistry of these reactions are highly dependent on the nature of the Lewis acids used; the addition reaction was accompanied by epimerization at C-9, and the stereochemistry at C-10 depends on the difluoroenoxysilane used. The best results were obtained using SnCl(4) to give the 9alpha,10beta-stereoisomer in high stereoselectivity. When 0.4 equiv of SnCl(4) was used for the reaction with the alpha-(4-methoxyphenylenoxysilane)-beta,beta-difluoroenoxysilane, however, a rearrangement of the endoperoxide was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chorki
- BIOCIS, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry F-92296, France
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Abstract
Coptisine and 8-oxocoptisine were isolated as principles of the gastric-mucous membrane protection from Coptidis rhizoma. The two compounds showed stronger activity than cimetidine and sucralfate. We prepared several derivatives having a partial structure of coptisine from commercially available starting materials. The compounds obtained were tested for gastric-mucous membrane protective activity and a correlation between activity and structure was studied. Our results suggest that the partial charge of the catechol skeleton is related to activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hirano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and High-Technology Research Center, Kobe-Gakuin University Hyogo, Japan
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35
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Brown RC, Bataille CJ, Bruton G, Hinks JD, Swain NA. C-H insertion approach to the synthesis of endo,exo-furofuranones: synthesis of (+/-)-asarinin, (+/-)-epimagnolin A, and (+/-)-fargesin. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6719-28. [PMID: 11578226 DOI: 10.1021/jo015829q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-aryl-4-aryloxymethyl-3-diazotetrahydrofuran-2-ones (12, 24, and 35a/b) have been prepared and found to undergo regio- and stereoselective C-H insertion reactions to afford 2,6-diaryl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-8-ones (18, 26, and 36a/b) with endo,exo stereochemistry. Subsequent reduction of the lactone ring and cyclization of the resulting diols 27 and 37a/b permitted the synthesis of three endo,exo-furofuran lignans: asarinin (2), fargesin (3), and epimagnolin A (4). En route to the key diazo compounds 24 and 35a/b, a modified procedure for the Ghosez keteniminium-olefin cyclization was developed, which was required to minimize the decomposition of acid-sensitive functional groups such as electron-rich benzylic ethers that were present in the target compounds 2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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36
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Han J, Lee JG, Min SS, Park SH, Angerhofer CK, Cordell GA, Kim SU. Synthesis of new artemisinin analogues from artemisinic acid modified at C-3 and C-13 and their antimalarial activity. J Nat Prod 2001; 64:1201-1205. [PMID: 11575956 DOI: 10.1021/np0101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinic acid (2) was modified through allylic oxidation at C-3 or conjugate addition at C-13 to afford 12 methyl artemisinate derivatives (4-15). Photooxidation of the derivatives yielded eight new artemisinin analogues, including 13-cyanoartemisinin (16), 13-methoxycarbonyl artemisinin (17), 13-methoxyartemisinin (18), 13-ethylsulfonylartemisinin (19), 13-nitromethylartemisinin (20), 13-(1-nitroethyl)artemisinin (21), (3R)-3-hydroxyartemisinin (22), and (3R)-3-acetoxyartemisinin (23). Among the analogues, only compound 20 had antimalarial activity comparable to artemisinin (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Han
- Graduate School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Korea
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37
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Yang L, Wang H. [The preparation and bioactivities of chiral analogs of baogongteng A]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1998; 33:832-5. [PMID: 12016943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eight chiral analogs of baogongteng A were prepared from (+/-)-3 alpha-hydroxy-6 beta-acetoxytropane by chemical resolution. In myotic or mydriatic tests in rabbits, (-)-3 alpha-paramethyl benzenesulfonyloxy-6 beta-acetoxytropane showed cholinergic activities, while (+)-3 alpha-benzoyloxy-6 beta-acetoxytropane and (+)-3 alpha-parachloro benzoyloxy-6 beta-acetoxytropane showed anticholinergic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025
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38
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Avery MA, Bonk JD, Chong WK, Mehrotra S, Miller R, Milhous W, Goins DK, Venkatesan S, Wyandt C, Khan I. Structure-activity relationships of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. 2. Effect of heteroatom substitution at O-11: synthesis and bioassay of N-alkyl-11-aza-9-desmethylartemisinins. J Med Chem 1995; 38:5038-44. [PMID: 8544180 DOI: 10.1021/jm00026a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of artemisinin analogs, N-alkyl-11-aza-9-desmethylartemisinins 17-29, were synthesized via ozonolysis and acid-catalyzed cyclization of precursor amides 5-16. These amides were prepared through condensation of an activated ester of the known intermediate acid 2 with the corresponding primary amine. The analogs were tested in vitro against W-2 and D-6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and found in some cases to be more active than artemisinin. A comparison of the in vitro testing methods of Milhous and Makler was conducted and gave similar relative antimalarial activities for these artemisinin analogs. Log P values were determined for most of the compounds, but no apparent correlation between log P and in vitro activity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Avery
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University 38677, USA
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39
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Abstract
Bromoacetal 2 undergoes a novel ring-contracted reaction to give the aldehyde 3 in the presence of DBU or triethylamine. The aldehyde 3 is reduced to the alcohol 4 and oxidized to the carboxylic acid 5. The alcohol 4 reacts with dihydroartemisinin to give the two diastereoisomers 38 and 39. All the compounds were tested for antimalarial activity in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei. If the activity of a compound was comparable to that of the standard compound, such as arteether, it was tested against chloroquine resistant NS strain infection in mice. Initially the compounds were administered subcutaneously, and if found to be active, they were tested by oral route. The antimalarial activity of compounds 19, 38, and 39 was found to be comparable to that of arteether when tested in K-173-infected mice. They were also active against chloroquine resistant NS strain infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Venugopalan
- Department of Chemistry, Hoechst India Ltd., Mulund, Bombay, India
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40
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Abstract
The preparation of artemether from artemisinin is reviewed. Firstly, the extraction of artemisinin from Artemisia annua is described and an estimation of the yield per hectare based on literature data is given. Artemisinin is reduced with sodium borohydride to produce dihydroartemisinin as a mixture of epimers. The mixture is treated with methanol and an acid catalyst to provide artemether. Increasing demand for use of artemether places pressure on the supply of artemisinin, and an alternative means of preparing the drug from artemisinic acid, an abundant constituent of A. annua, which could triple current yields, is described. In anticipation of problems of drug resistance emerging with the continued use of artemether and artesunate to treat malaria, development of new derivatives of artemisinin which have enhanced stability is required. Examples of such derivatives which have been prepared in our laboratories, or proposed, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon
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