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Anjos A, Milani D, Bardella VB, Paladini A, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Evolution of satDNAs on holocentric chromosomes: insights from hemipteran insects of the genus Mahanarva. CHROMOSOME RESEARCH : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE MOLECULAR, SUPRAMOLECULAR AND EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF CHROMOSOME BIOLOGY 2023; 31:5. [PMID: 36705735 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) constitute one of the main components of eukaryote genomes and are involved in chromosomal organization and diversification. Although largely studied, little information was gathered about their evolution on holocentric species, i.e., diffuse centromeres, which, due to differences in repeat organization, could result in different evolutionary patterns. Here, we combined bioinformatics and cytogenetic approaches to evaluate the evolution of the satellitomes in Mahanarva holocentric insects. In two species, de novo identification revealed a high number of satDNAs, 110 and 113, with an extreme monomer length range of 18-4228 bp. The overall abundance of satDNAs was observed to be 6.67% in M. quadripunctata and 1.98% in M. spectabilis, with different abundances for the shared satDNAs. Chromosomal mapping of the most abundant repeats of M. quadripunctata and M. spectabilis on other Mahanarva reinforced the dynamic nature of satDNAs. Variable patterns of chromosomal distribution for the satDNAs were noticed, with the occurrence of clusters on distinct numbers of chromosomes and at different positions and the occurrence of scattered signals or nonclustered satDNAs. Altogether, our data demonstrated the high dynamism of satDNAs in Mahanarva with the involvement of this genomic fraction in chromosome diversification of the genus. The general characteristics and patterns of evolution of satDNAs are similar to those observed on monocentric chromosomes, suggesting that the differential organization of genome compartments observed on holocentric chromosomes compared with monocentric chromosomes does not have a large impact on the evolution of satDNAs. Analysis of the satellitomes of other holocentric species in a comparative manner will shed light on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo Milani
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Bardella
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Paladini
- Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Genetics Area, University of Jaén, Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaen, Spain.
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Ribeiro LDP, Amandio DTT, Klock ALS, Nesi CN, Rech ÂF, Baldin ELL. Deois flexuosa (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in Perennial Forage Species (Poaceae): Quali-quantitative Impacts and Tolerance Expression. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:777-794. [PMID: 35945398 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the quantitative and qualitative damage caused by Deois flexuosa (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) adults in Axonopus catharinensis cv. SCS 315 Catarina and Cynodon dactylon (Tifton 85 and Jiggs cultivars) under different infestation densities and, consequently, the expression of tolerance-type resistance. For this purpose, potted plants were infested with different insect densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 adults m-2). The impact of the infestation levels was assessed in the first growth cycle (10-day coexistence period) and in the regrowth (40 days after the first cut, without infestation) based on crop yield and chemical-bromatological composition as well as on photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide content. The principal component analysis relating infestation density and chemical-bromatological parameters showed a positive correlation between infestation density of D. flexuosa and the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and the dry matter (DM). On the other hand, infestation density inversely correlated with the tillering rate, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids), and iron content. In general, the impacts on DM production and chemical-bromatological composition were lower in A. catharinensis cv. SCS 315 Catarina when compared to the Cynodon species, possibly because A. catharinensis has higher tillering capacity and does not show a reduction in the photosynthetic pigments, which may act as compensating factors to D. flexuosa damage. Our results demonstrate that the A. catharinensis cultivar expresses tolerance-type resistance to D. flexuosa and constitutes an interesting option for pasturelands formation and diversification where this spittlebug species is an emerging pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro do Prado Ribeiro
- Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, Research Center for Family Agriculture (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Adriana Lídia Santana Klock
- Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, Research Center for Family Agriculture (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Nunes Nesi
- Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, Research Center for Family Agriculture (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ângela Fonseca Rech
- Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina, Lages Experimental Station (EPAGRI/EELages), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
- School of Agriculture, Dep of Crop Protection, São Paulo State Univ (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Espitia Buitrago PA, Manzano MR, Hernández LM. Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae): Integrated Pest Management on Gramineous Crops in the Neotropical Ecozone. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.891417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spittlebug (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) species cause large economic losses on gramineous crops (Poaceae) in tropical and subtropical America. These insects are key pests of sugarcane and forages, crops that experienced a quick expansion in extensive monocultures in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Mobilization toward sustainable crop and livestock systems to supply the growing demand of meat, milk, and sugar in Latin America and the Caribbean region implies developing sustainable and feasible strategies of integrated pest management to control spittlebugs. This review combines information on Cercopidae taxonomy, geographical distribution, insect biology, and control strategies to contribute to the development of integrated pest management in grasses and sugarcane in the Neotropics.
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Congio GFS, de Almeida PC, Barreto TR, Tinazo VA, da Silva TACC, Costa DFA, Corsi M. Spittlebug damage on tropical grass and its impact in pasture-based beef production systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10758. [PMID: 32612122 PMCID: PMC7329844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spittlebugs are the main pest of tropical pastures and Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) is the most representative cultivated pasture in the tropics. Our objective was to characterize Marandu palisade grass responses subjected to Mahanarva (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) attack and to estimate the losses in terms of beef production from pasture-based systems. A set of five experiments were carried out. Three consecutive years of monitoring showed that Mahanarva spittlebugs increased their abundance after first rains with three to four peaks throughout the wet season. A decrease of 66% on herbage yield was observed in the greenhouse trial, with an average decrease of 61% on pools of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, crude protein, neutral-detergent fiber and in vitro digestible dry matter of Marandu palisade grass. Results from field experiments corroborated with greenhouse trial showing decreases on herbage yield varying from 31 to 43% depending on level of fertilization and grazing severity of Marandu palisade grass. Finally, an unprecedented 154-ha field experiment indicated that Mahanarva decreases 74% the beef productivity (i.e. kg body weight ha−1) of Nellore heifers grazing Marandu palisade grass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhermo Francklin Souza Congio
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Agrosavia, Km 14 via Mosquera, Bogota, Cundinamarca, 250047, Colombia. .,Animal Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Castro de Almeida
- Animal Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Ruzza Barreto
- Animal Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Afonso Tinazo
- Animal Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Fleury Azevedo Costa
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Moacyr Corsi
- Animal Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), University of Sao Paulo, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Schöbel C, Carvalho GS. Niche Modeling of Economically Important Mahanarva (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) Species in South and Central America: Are Brazilian Spittlebug Sugarcane Pests Potential Invaders of South and Central America? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:115-125. [PMID: 31560771 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mahanarva fimbriolata, Mahanarva spectabilis, Mahanarva liturata, and Mahanarva posticata (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are known pests in South American sugarcane and pasture plantations. They cause phytotoxicity by feeding directly from plant sap, greatly decreasing their production. In this work, we applied Species Distribution Modeling using the Maxent algorithm to analyze these four spittlebug species possible occurrence in South and Central America. Therefore, current and future bioclimatic variables, as well as elevation and other agricultural variables, were used within RStudio. Future climatic variables were differentiated between the years 2050 and 2070 with several representative concentration pathways. Overall, the species showed various suitable habitats in different countries of South and Central America. Nevertheless, when compared with future climate analysis, the number of suitable habitats is declining due to climate change. Elevation, isothermality, and different precipitation variables were mainly responsible for the results. We were able to analyze that spittlebug populations are not limited by temperature, but rather by other abiotic factors, such as precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöbel
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pos-Graduacão em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gervásio S Carvalho
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pos-Graduacão em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Alvarenga R, Auad AM, Moraes JC, Silva SE. Do silicon and nitric oxide induce resistance to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in forage grasses? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3282-3292. [PMID: 31006949 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Great efforts have been made to identify grasses that are resistant to spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). However, the time required to develop and launch new cultivars is relatively long. The employment of resistance inducers is a current strategy that may be useful for the control of insect pests. This analysis evaluates the feasibility of using the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide to increase spittlebug resistance based on changes in forage grass vegetative characteristics and the biological traits of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909). RESULTS Mahanarva spectabilis nymphs and adults can cause significant damage to forage grasses. Furthermore, silicon and nitric oxide inducers were not sufficient to lessen this damage by positively influencing the growth and development of forage grasses. These inducers did not negatively alter the biological parameters of M. spectabilis or diminish its population. However, phenolic compound concentrations increased when forage grasses were treated with silicon or attacked by adult insects, but this parameter was not useful to predict spittlebug resistance. This fact suggests that the physiological and biochemical changes caused by silicon should be further studied. CONCLUSION The current analysis demonstrated that application of the chemical inducers silicon and nitric oxide is currently not a viable strategy for the effective and economic management of M. spectabilis on Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander M Auad
- Laboratory of Entomology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Jair C Moraes
- Entomology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Sandra Eb Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Alvarenga R, Auad AM, Moraes JC, da Silva SEB, Rodrigues BS. Tolerance to nymphs and adults of Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) by forage plants in fertilized soils. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2242-2250. [PMID: 30701648 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors may degrade pastures, in particular, inadequate nutrient application and spittlebug attacks. Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), one of the species that occur in Brazil, is a limiting pest in forage production. This study analyzes the influence of fertilization with the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) on the survival of M. spectabilis nymphs, and the effects of damage by nymphs and adults on the production, quality and regrowth capacity of the forages Brachiaria ruziziensis, Pennisetum purpureum and Digitaria sp. RESULTS Fertilization of the forages differentially affected damage due to spittlebug herbivory. Attacks by nymphs and adults decreased chlorophyll content, plant regrowth and forage quality, and increased injury, regardless of fertilization. The availability of nutrients in the soil not only decreased fiber content, but also increased crude protein, chlorophyll content and regrowth, even when pest infested. Soil fertilization increased the capacity of forage plants to lessen, albeit not eliminate, the effects of injury by M. spectabilis. CONCLUSION Forages in fertilized soil are more tolerant to attacks by M. spectabilis nymphs and adults. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Alvarenga
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Entomology, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Alexander Machado Auad
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Laboratory of Entomology, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - Brunno Santos Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Laboratory of Entomology, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Pereira MFA, Favare Junior AD, Auad AM, Costa MG. Survival and injuries of Deois flavopicta (Stal., 1854) in pastures under seed treatment with insecticides and dry mass yield. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000722016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the survival and injuries of Deois flavopicta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in pastures of Urochloa (Syn. Brachiaria) decumbens and U. brizantha, submitted to seed treatment with fipronil (Amulet®) and thiamethoxam (Cruiser 350 FS®), and dry mass yield. The experiment, carried out at the APTA Experimental Unity, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil, was designed in randomly blocks, with six treatments (factorial 2x3) and four replications. Sowing was manual, with 12.0 kg ha-1 seeds. Twenty adults were released on the plot, in a 40x40x70 cm cage, forty-nine days after sowing. The insects were sampled every two days during twelve days, without replacement of dead insects. Injuries caused by the spittlebug were evaluated by a rating scale and by productivity (dry mass yield). Data were analyzed by F-test and means compared by Tukey’s test (p≤0.05). The survival of adults was higher in the U. decumbens pasture than in the U. brizantha pasture. Results show that seed treatment with thiamethoxam reduced the survival of D. flavopicta in pasture formation, but did not influence the injuries caused by insect and the dry mass yield of forage species.
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Fonseca MG, Auad AM, Resende TT, Hott MC, Borges CAV. How will Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) Respond to Global Warming? JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iew005. [PMID: 27012869 PMCID: PMC4806714 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the favorable constant temperature range for Mahanarva spectabilis(Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) development as well as to generate geographic distribution maps of this insect pest for future climate scenarios. M. spectabilis eggs were reared on two host plants (Brachiaria ruziziensis(Germain and Edvard) and Pennisetum purpureum(Schumach)), with individual plants kept at temperatures of 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C. Nymphal stage duration, nymphal survival, adult longevity, and egg production were recorded for each temperature*host plant combination. Using the favorable temperature ranges for M. spectabilis development, it was possible to generate geographic distribution. Nymphal survival was highest at 24.4 °C, with estimates of 44 and 8% on Pennisetum and Brachiaria, respectively. Nymphal stage duration was greater on Brachiaria than on Pennisetum at 20 and 24 °C but equal at 28 °C. Egg production was higher on Pennisetum at 24 and 28 °C than at 20 °C, and adult longevity on Pennisetum was higher at 28 °C than at 20 °C, whereas adult longevity at 24 °C did not differ from that at 20 and 28 °C. With these results, it was possible to predict a reduction in M. spectabilis densities in most regions of Brazil in future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Fonseca
- Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (; ; ; ),
| | - A M Auad
- Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (; ; ; ),
| | - T T Resende
- Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - M C Hott
- Entomology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - C A V Borges
- Department of Statistics, Embrapa Dairy Cattle Research Station, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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