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Park CS, Guan J, Rhee P, Gonzalez F, Lee HS, Park JH, Coscoy L, Robey EA, Shastri N, Sadegh-Nasseri S. Fam49b dampens TCR signal strength to regulate survival of positively selected thymocytes and peripheral T cells. eLife 2024; 13:e76940. [PMID: 39158947 PMCID: PMC11333044 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The fate of developing T cells is determined by the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signal they receive in the thymus. This process is finely regulated through the tuning of positive and negative regulators in thymocytes. The Family with sequence similarity 49 member B (Fam49b) protein is a newly discovered negative regulator of TCR signaling that has been shown to suppress Rac-1 activity in vitro in cultured T cell lines. However, the contribution of Fam49b to the thymic development of T cells is unknown. To investigate this important issue, we generated a novel mouse line deficient in Fam49b (Fam49b-KO). We observed that Fam49b-KO double positive (DP) thymocytes underwent excessive negative selection, whereas the positive selection stage was unaffected. Fam49b deficiency impaired the survival of single positive thymocytes and peripheral T cells. This altered development process resulted in significant reductions in CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes as well as peripheral T cells. Interestingly, a large proportion of the TCRγδ+ and CD8αα+TCRαβ+ gut intraepithelial T lymphocytes were absent in Fam49b-KO mice. Our results demonstrate that Fam49b dampens thymocytes TCR signaling in order to escape negative selection during development, uncovering the function of Fam49b as a critical regulator of the selection process to ensure normal thymocyte development and peripheral T cells survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter Rhee
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Federico Gonzalez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California,BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Hee-sung Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji-hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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2
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Majumdar S, Pontejo SM, Jaiswal H, Gao JL, Salancy A, Stassenko E, Yamane H, McDermott DH, Balabanian K, Bachelerie F, Murphy PM. Severe CD8+ T Lymphopenia in WHIM Syndrome Caused by Selective Sequestration in Primary Immune Organs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1913-1924. [PMID: 37133343 PMCID: PMC10247468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is an ultra-rare combined primary immunodeficiency disease caused by heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4. WHIM patients typically present with recurrent acute infections associated with myelokathexis (severe neutropenia due to bone marrow retention of mature neutrophils). Severe lymphopenia is also common, but the only associated chronic opportunistic pathogen is human papillomavirus and mechanisms are not clearly defined. In this study, we show that WHIM mutations cause more severe CD8 than CD4 lymphopenia in WHIM patients and WHIM model mice. Mechanistic studies in mice revealed selective and WHIM allele dose-dependent accumulation of mature CD8 single-positive cells in thymus in a cell-intrinsic manner due to prolonged intrathymic residence, associated with increased CD8 single-positive thymocyte chemotactic responses in vitro toward the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12. In addition, mature WHIM CD8+ T cells preferentially home to and are retained in the bone marrow in mice in a cell-intrinsic manner. Administration of the specific CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (plerixafor) in mice rapidly and transiently corrected T cell lymphopenia and the CD4/CD8 ratio. After lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, we found no difference in memory CD8+ T cell differentiation or viral load between wild-type and WHIM model mice. Thus, lymphopenia in WHIM syndrome may involve severe CXCR4-dependent CD8+ T cell deficiency resulting in part from sequestration in the primary lymphoid organs, thymus, and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Majumdar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sergio M. Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hemant Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Abigail Salancy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Elizabeth Stassenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hidehiro Yamane
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David H. McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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3
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Rananaware SR, Pathak S, Majumdar S, Joseph JP, Ramteke NS, Adiga V, Nandi D. Dynamic changes in thymic sub-populations during acute and long-term infections with virulent and virulence-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strains in C57BL/6 and autoimmune-prone lpr mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106034. [PMID: 36813006 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
SALMONELLA Typhimurium infection in mice results in drastic loss of immature CD4- CD8- double negative (DN) and CD4+ CD8+ double positive (DP) thymic subsets compared to mature single positive (SP) subsets. We investigated changes in thymocyte sub-populations post infection with a wild type (WT) virulent strain and ΔrpoS, a virulence-attenuated strain, of Salmonella Typhimurium in C57BL/6 (B6) and Fas-deficient autoimmune-prone lpr mice. The WT strain caused acute thymic atrophy with greater loss of thymocytes in lpr mice compared to B6 mice. Infection with ΔrpoS caused progressive thymic atrophy in B6 and lpr mice. Analysis of thymocyte subsets revealed that immature thymocytes including the DN, immature single positive (ISP), and DP thymocytes underwent extensive loss. SP thymocytes were more resistant to loss in WT-infected B6 mice, whereas WT-infected lpr and ΔrpoS-infected mice exhibited depletion of SP thymocytes. Overall, thymocyte sub-populations exhibited differential susceptibilities depending on bacterial virulence and the host background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Nikita S Ramteke
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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4
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Bazioti V, La Rose AM, Maassen S, Bianchi F, de Boer R, Halmos B, Dabral D, Guilbaud E, Flohr-Svendsen A, Groenen AG, Marmolejo-Garza A, Koster MH, Kloosterhuis NJ, Havinga R, Pranger AT, Langelaar-Makkinje M, de Bruin A, van de Sluis B, Kohan AB, Yvan-Charvet L, van den Bogaart G, Westerterp M. T cell cholesterol efflux suppresses apoptosis and senescence and increases atherosclerosis in middle aged mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3799. [PMID: 35778407 PMCID: PMC9249754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by hypercholesterolemia. During aging, T cells accumulate cholesterol, potentially affecting inflammation. However, the effect of cholesterol efflux pathways mediated by ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/ABCG1) on T cell-dependent age-related inflammation and atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we generate mice with T cell-specific Abca1/Abcg1-deficiency on the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) background. T cell Abca1/Abcg1-deficiency decreases blood, lymph node, and splenic T cells, and increases T cell activation and apoptosis. T cell Abca1/Abcg1-deficiency induces a premature T cell aging phenotype in middle-aged (12-13 months) Ldlr-/- mice, reflected by upregulation of senescence markers. Despite T cell senescence and enhanced T cell activation, T cell Abca1/Abcg1-deficiency decreases atherosclerosis and aortic inflammation in middle-aged Ldlr-/- mice, accompanied by decreased T cells in atherosclerotic plaques. We attribute these effects to T cell apoptosis downstream of T cell activation, compromising T cell functionality. Collectively, we show that T cell cholesterol efflux pathways suppress T cell apoptosis and senescence, and induce atherosclerosis in middle-aged Ldlr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Bazioti
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anouk M. La Rose
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Maassen
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Bianchi
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinse de Boer
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Benedek Halmos
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Deepti Dabral
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Arthur Flohr-Svendsen
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk G. Groenen
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Marmolejo-Garza
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H. Koster
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alle T. Pranger
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Laboratory of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alison B. Kohan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- grid.462370.40000 0004 0620 5402Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Université Côte d’Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) Oncoage, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Tsiomita S, Liveri EM, Vardaka P, Vogiatzi A, Skiadaresis A, Saridis G, Tsigkas I, Michaelidis TM, Mavrothalassitis G, Thyphronitis G. ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) is involved in T lymphocyte maturation acting as regulator of thymocyte lineage commitment. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:641-657. [PMID: 35258130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation and lineage commitment is regulated by an extensive network of transcription factors and signaling molecules among which Erk plays a central role. However, Erk effectors as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this network are not well understood. Erf is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk-dependent phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of Erf in T cell maturation and lineage commitment, using a double-fluorescent Erf-floxed mouse to produce thymus-specific Erf knockouts. We observed significant accumulation of thymocytes in the CD4/CD8 DP stage, followed by a significant reduction in CD4SP cells, a trend for lower CD8SP cell frequency, and an elevated percentage of γδ expressing thymocytes in Erf-deficient mice. Also, an elevated number of CD69+ TCRβ+ cells indicates that thymocytes undergoing positive selection accumulate at this stage. The expression of transcription factors Gata3, ThPOK, and Socs1 that promote CD4+ cell commitment was significantly decreased in Erf-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Erf is involved in T cell maturation, acting as a positive regulator during CD4 and eventually CD8 lineage commitment, while negatively regulates the production of γδ T cells. In addition, Erf-deficient mice displayed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and elevated levels of IL-4 indicating that Erf may have an additional role in the homeostasis, differentiation, and immunologic response of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Overall, our results show, for the first time, Erf's involvement in T cell biology suggesting that Erf acts as a potential regulator during thymocyte maturation and thymocyte lineage commitment, in γδ T cell generation, as well as in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Tsiomita
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Maria Liveri
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyris Skiadaresis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Saridis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsigkas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Thyphronitis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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6
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Datta M, Staszewski O. Hdac1 and Hdac2 are essential for physiological maturation of a Cx3cr1 expressing subset of T-lymphocytes. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:135. [PMID: 33849645 PMCID: PMC8045300 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Histone acetylation is an important mechanism in the regulation of gene expression and plays a crucial role in both cellular development and cellular response to external or internal stimuli. One key aspect of this form of regulation is that acetylation marks can be added and removed from sites of regulation very quickly through the activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The activity of both HATs and HDACs has been shown to be important for both physiological hematopoiesis as well as during development of hematological neoplasia, such as lymphomas. In the present study we analyzed the effect of knockout of the two HDACs, Hdac1 and Hdac2 in cells expressing the fractalkine receptor (Cx3cr1) on lymphocyte development. Results We report data showing a maturation defect in mice harboring a Cx3cr1 dependent knockout of Hdac1 and 2. Furthermore, we report that these mice develop a T-cell neoplasia at about 4–5 months of age, suggesting that a Cx3cr1 expressing subpopulation of immature T-cells gives rise to T-cell lymphomas in the combined absence of Hdac1 and Hdac2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05551-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Datta
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ori Staszewski
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Qi Z, Wang F, Yu G, Wang D, Yao Y, You M, Liu J, Liu J, Sun Z, Ji C, Xue Y, Yu S. SRSF1 serves as a critical posttranscriptional regulator at the late stage of thymocyte development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/16/eabf0753. [PMID: 33863728 PMCID: PMC8051871 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of thymocyte maturation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) intrinsically regulates the late stage of thymocyte development. Conditional deletion of SRSF1 resulted in severe defects in maintenance of late thymocyte survival and a blockade of the transition of TCRβhiCD24+CD69+ immature to TCRβhiCD24-CD69- mature thymocytes, corresponding to a notable reduction of recent thymic emigrants and diminished periphery T cell pool. Mechanistically, SRSF1 regulates the gene networks involved in thymocyte differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and type I interferon signaling pathway to safeguard T cell intrathymic maturation. In particular, SRSF1 directly binds and regulates Irf7 and Il27ra expression via alternative splicing in response to type I interferon signaling. Moreover, forced expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 rectifies the defects in SRSF1-deficient thymocyte maturation via restoring expression of type I interferon-related genes. Thus, our work provides new insight on SRSF1-mediated posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ce Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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8
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Chan CT, Fenn AM, Harder NK, Mindur JE, McAlpine CS, Patel J, Valet C, Rattik S, Iwamoto Y, He S, Anzai A, Kahles F, Poller WC, Janssen H, Wong LP, Fernandez-Hernando C, Koolbergen DR, van der Laan AM, Yvan-Charvet L, Sadreyev RI, Nahrendorf M, Westerterp M, Tall AR, Gustafsson JA, Swirski FK. Liver X receptors are required for thymic resilience and T cell output. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151978. [PMID: 32716519 PMCID: PMC7537384 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ necessary for optimal T cell development. Here, we show that liver X receptors (LXRs)—a class of nuclear receptors and transcription factors with diverse functions in metabolism and immunity—critically contribute to thymic integrity and function. LXRαβ-deficient mice develop a fatty, rapidly involuting thymus and acquire a shrunken and prematurely immunoinhibitory peripheral T cell repertoire. LXRαβ’s functions are cell specific, and the resulting phenotypes are mutually independent. Although thymic macrophages require LXRαβ for cholesterol efflux, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) use LXRαβ for self-renewal and thymocytes for negative selection. Consequently, TEC-derived LXRαβ protects against homeostatic premature involution and orchestrates thymic regeneration following stress, while thymocyte-derived LXRαβ limits cell disposal during negative selection and confers heightened sensitivity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results identify three distinct but complementary mechanisms by which LXRαβ governs T lymphocyte education and illuminate LXRαβ’s indispensable roles in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Chan
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashley M Fenn
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nina K Harder
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John E Mindur
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Colin Valet
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Rattik
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shun He
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Atsushi Anzai
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Florian Kahles
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfram C Poller
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Henrike Janssen
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lai Ping Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David R Koolbergen
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja M van der Laan
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Atip-Avenir, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Oncoage, Nice, France.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Ishihara S, Sato T, Du G, Guardavaccaro D, Nakajima A, Sawai S, Kataoka T, Katagiri K. Phosphatidic acid-dependent localization and basal de-phosphorylation of RA-GEFs regulate lymphocyte trafficking. BMC Biol 2020; 18:75. [PMID: 32600317 PMCID: PMC7325102 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphocytes circulate between peripheral lymphoid tissues via blood and lymphatic systems, and chemokine-induced migration is important in trafficking lymphocytes to distant sites. The small GTPase Rap1 is important in mediating lymphocyte motility, and Rap1-GEFs are involved in chemokine-mediated Rap1 activation. Here, we describe the roles and mechanisms of Rap1-GEFs in lymphocyte trafficking. Results In this study, we show that RA-GEF-1 and 2 (also known as Rapgef2 and 6) are key guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for Rap1 in lymphocyte trafficking. Mice harboring T cell-specific knockouts of Rapgef2/6 demonstrate defective homing and egress of T cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as well as chemokines activates Rap1 in a RA-GEF-1/2-dependent manner, and their deficiency in T cells impairs Mst1 phosphorylation, cell polarization, and chemotaxis toward S1P gradient. On the other hand, B cell-specific knockouts of Rapgef2/6 impair chemokine-dependent retention of B cells in the bone marrow and passively facilitate egress. Phospholipase D2-dependent production of phosphatidic acid by these chemotactic factors determines spatial distribution of Rap1-GTP subsequent to membrane localization of RA-GEFs and induces the development of front membrane. On the other hand, basal de-phosphorylation of RA-GEFs is necessary for chemotactic factor-dependent increase in GEF activity for Rap1. Conclusions We demonstrate here that subcellular distribution and activation of RA-GEFs are key factors for a directional movement of lymphocytes and that phosphatidic acid is critical for membrane translocation of RA-GEFs with chemokine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Guardavaccaro
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Akihiko Nakajima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tohru Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koko Katagiri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0344, Japan.
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10
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Previte DM, Piganelli JD. Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Implications on CD4 + T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1399-1414. [PMID: 28990401 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated that type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathology is highly driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One way in which ROS shape the autoimmune response demonstrated in T1D is by promoting CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation. As CD4+ T cells are a significant contributor to pancreatic β cell destruction in T1D, understanding how ROS impact their development, activation, and differentiation is critical. Recent Advances: CD4+ T cells themselves generate ROS via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase expression and electron transport chain activity. Moreover, T cells can also be exposed to exogenous ROS generated by other immune cells (e.g., macrophages and dendritic cells) and β cells. Genetically modified animals and ROS inhibitors have demonstrated that ROS blockade during activation results in CD4+ T cell hyporesponsiveness and reduced diabetes incidence. Critical Issues and Future Directions: Although the majority of studies with regard to T1D and CD4+ T cells have been done to examine the influence of redox on CD4+ T cell activation, this is not the only circumstance in which a T cell can be impacted by redox. ROS and redox have also been shown to play roles in CD4+ T cell-related tolerogenic mechanisms, including thymic selection and regulatory T cell-mediated suppression. However, the effect of these mechanisms with respect to T1D pathogenesis remains elusive. Therefore, pursuing these avenues may provide valuable insight into the global role of ROS and redox in autoreactive CD4+ T cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Previte
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Abstract
About two decades ago, cloning of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene materialized one of the most important actors on the scene of self-tolerance. Thymic transcription of genes encoding tissue-specific antigens (ts-ags) is activated by AIRE protein and embodies the essence of thymic self-representation. Pathogenic AIRE variants cause the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, which is a rare and complex disease that is gaining attention in research on autoimmunity. The animal models of disease, although not identically reproducing the human picture, supply fundamental information on mechanisms and extent of AIRE action: thanks to its multidomain structure, AIRE localizes to chromatin enclosing the target genes, binds to histones, and offers an anchorage to multimolecular complexes involved in initiation and post-initiation events of gene transcription. In addition, AIRE enhances mRNA diversity by favoring alternative mRNA splicing. Once synthesized, ts-ags are presented to, and cause deletion of the self-reactive thymocyte clones. However, AIRE function is not restricted to the activation of gene transcription. AIRE would control presentation and transfer of self-antigens for thymic cellular interplay: such mechanism is aimed at increasing the likelihood of engagement of the thymocytes that carry the corresponding T-cell receptors. Another fundamental role of AIRE in promoting self-tolerance is related to the development of thymocyte anergy, as thymic self-representation shapes at the same time the repertoire of regulatory T cells. Finally, AIRE seems to replicate its action in the secondary lymphoid organs, albeit the cell lineage detaining such property has not been fully characterized. Delineation of AIRE functions adds interesting data to the knowledge of the mechanisms of self-tolerance and introduces exciting perspectives of therapeutic interventions against the related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Perniola
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care, Vito Fazzi Regional Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang K, Xu X, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hao J, Sun X, Chen Y, Liu X, Chang Y, Jin R, Wu H, Ge Q. Newly Generated CD4 + T Cells Acquire Metabolic Quiescence after Thymic Egress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1064-1077. [PMID: 29288207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mature naive T cells circulate through the secondary lymphoid organs in an actively enforced quiescent state. Impaired cell survival and cell functions could be found when T cells have defects in quiescence. One of the key features of T cell quiescence is low basal metabolic activity. It remains unclear at which developmental stage T cells acquire this metabolic quiescence. We compared mitochondria among CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells in the thymus, CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), and mature naive T cells in the periphery. The results demonstrate that RTEs and naive T cells had reduced mitochondrial content and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species when compared with SP thymocytes. This downregulation of mitochondria requires T cell egress from the thymus and occurs early after young T cells enter the circulation. Autophagic clearance of mitochondria, but not mitochondria biogenesis or fission/fusion, contributes to mitochondrial downregulation in RTEs. The enhanced apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/MAPKs and reduced mechanistic target of rapamycin activities in RTEs relative to SP thymocytes may be involved in this mitochondrial reduction. These results indicate that the gain of metabolic quiescence is one of the important maturation processes during SP-RTE transition. Together with functional maturation, it promotes the survival and full responsiveness to activating stimuli in young T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yingjun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; and
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; .,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; .,Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Lang MJ, Mori M, Ruer-Laventie J, Pieters J. A Coronin 1–Dependent Decision Switch in Juvenile Mice Determines the Population of the Peripheral Naive T Cell Compartment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2421-2431. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Increased epithelial-free areas in thymuses with altered EphB-mediated thymocyte–thymic epithelial cell interactions. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:381-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Majumdar S, Deobagkar-Lele M, Adiga V, Raghavan A, Wadhwa N, Ahmed SM, Rananaware SR, Chakraborty S, Joy O, Nandi D. Differential susceptibility and maturation of thymocyte subsets during Salmonella Typhimurium infection: insights on the roles of glucocorticoids and Interferon-gamma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40793. [PMID: 28091621 PMCID: PMC5238503 DOI: 10.1038/srep40793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is known to atrophy during infections; however, a systematic study of changes in thymocyte subpopulations has not been performed. This aspect was investigated, using multi-color flow cytometry, during oral infection of mice with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The major highlights are: First, a block in the developmental pathway of CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) thymocytes is observed. Second, CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes, mainly in the DP1 (CD5loCD3lo) and DP2 (CD5hiCD3int), but not DP3 (CD5intCD3hi), subsets are reduced. Third, single positive (SP) thymocytes are more resistant to depletion but their maturation is delayed, leading to accumulation of CD24hiCD3hi SP. Kinetic studies during infection demonstrated differences in sensitivity of thymic subpopulations: Immature single positive (ISP) > DP1, DP2 > DN3, DN4 > DN2 > CD4+ > CD8+. Upon infection, glucocorticoids (GC), inflammatory cytokines, e.g. Ifnγ, etc are induced, which enhance thymocyte death. Treatment with RU486, the GC receptor antagonist, increases the survival of most thymic subsets during infection. Studies with Ifnγ-/- mice demonstrated that endogenous Ifnγ produced during infection enhances the depletion of DN2-DN4 subsets, promotes the accumulation of DP3 and delays the maturation of SP thymocytes. The implications of these observations on host cellular responses during infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Majumdar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Abinaya Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitin Wadhwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Syed Moiz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | - Omana Joy
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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16
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Philips RL, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Belmonte PJ, Constans MM, Shapiro VS. HDAC3 Is Required for the Downregulation of RORγt during Thymocyte Positive Selection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:541-54. [PMID: 27279370 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To generate functional peripheral T cells, proper gene regulation during T cell development is critical. In this study, we found that histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 is required for T cell development. T cell development in CD2-icre HDAC3 conditional knockout (cKO) mice (HDAC3-cKO) was blocked at positive selection, resulting in few CD4 and CD8 T cells, and it could not be rescued by a TCR transgene. These single-positive thymocytes failed to upregulate Bcl-2, leading to increased apoptosis. HDAC3-cKO mice failed to downregulate retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) γt during positive selection, similar to the block in positive selection in RORγt transgenic mice. In the absence of HDAC3, the RORC promoter was hyperacetylated. In the periphery, the few CD4 T cells present were skewed toward RORγt(+) IL-17-producing Th17 cells, leading to inflammatory bowel disease. Positive selection of CD8 single-positive thymocytes was restored in RORγt-KO Bcl-xL transgenic HDAC3-cKO mice, demonstrating that HDAC3 is required at positive selection to downregulate RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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17
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Hogquist KA, Xing Y, Hsu FC, Shapiro VS. T Cell Adolescence: Maturation Events Beyond Positive Selection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1351-7. [PMID: 26254267 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Single-positive thymocytes that successfully complete positive and negative selection must still undergo one final step, generally termed T cell maturation, before they gain functional competency and enter the long-lived T cell pool. Maturation initiates after positive selection in single-positive thymocytes and continues in the periphery in recent thymic emigrants, before these newly produced T cells gain functional competency and are ready to participate in the immune response as peripheral naive T cells. Recent work using genetically altered mice demonstrates that T cell maturation is not a single process, but a series of steps that occur independently and sequentially after positive selection. This review focuses on the changes that occur during T cell maturation, as well as the molecules and pathways that are critical at each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yan Xing
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Fan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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18
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The BMP Pathway Participates in Human Naive CD4+ T Cell Activation and Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131453. [PMID: 26110906 PMCID: PMC4481406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) form a group of secreted factors that belongs to the TGF-β superfamily. Among different roles in a number of immune cell types, BMPs are known to regulate T cell development within the thymus, although the role of BMP signaling in human mature T cells remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that canonical BMP signaling is necessary during two critical events that regulate the size and function of human naive CD4+ T cell population: activation and homeostasis. Upon stimulation via TCR, naive CD4+ T cells upregulate the expression of BMP ligands triggering canonical BMP signaling in CD25+ cells. Blockade of BMP signaling severely impairs CD4+ T cell proliferation after activation mainly through regulation of IL-2, since the addition of this cytokine recuperates normal T cell expansion after inhibition of BMP signaling. Similarly, activation of canonical BMP pathway is required for both the maintenance of cell survival and the homeostatic proliferation induced by IL-7, a key factor for T cell homeostasis. Moreover, upregulation of two critical receptors for T cell homeostasis, CXCR4 and CCR9, triggered by IL-7 is also abrogated in the absence of BMP signaling. Collectively, we describe important roles of the canonical BMP signaling in human naive CD4+ T cell activation and homeostasis that could be valuable for clinical application.
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19
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DNA methylation at IL32 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11063. [PMID: 26057774 PMCID: PMC4603785 DOI: 10.1038/srep11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common autoimmune rheumatic disease of childhood. We recently showed that DNA methylation at the gene encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-32 (IL32) is reduced in JIA CD4+ T cells. To extend this finding, we measured IL32 methylation in CD4+ T-cells from an additional sample of JIA cases and age- and sex-matched controls, and found a reduction in methylation associated with JIA consistent with the prior data (combined case-control dataset: 25.0% vs 37.7%, p = 0.0045). Further, JIA was associated with reduced IL32 methylation in CD8+ T cells (15.2% vs 25.5%, p = 0.034), suggesting disease-associated changes to a T cell precursor. Additionally, we measured regional SNPs, along with CD4+ T cell expression of total IL32, and the γ and β isoforms. Several SNPs were associated with methylation. Two SNPs were also associated with JIA, and we found evidence of interaction such that methylation was only associated with JIA in minor allele carriers (e.g. rs10431961 pinteraction = 0.011). Methylation at one measured CpG was inversely correlated with total IL32 expression (Spearman r = −0.73, p = 0.0009), but this was not a JIA-associated CpG. Overall, our data further confirms that reduced IL32 methylation is associated with JIA, and that SNPs play an interactive role.
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20
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Resop RS, Uittenbogaart CH. Human T-Cell Development and Thymic Egress: An Infectious Disease Perspective. FORUM ON IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL DISEASES AND THERAPEUTICS 2015; 6:33-49. [PMID: 28670486 PMCID: PMC5489135 DOI: 10.1615/forumimmundisther.2015014226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emigration of mature naïve CD4 SP T cells from the human thymus to the periphery is not fully understood, although elucidation of the mechanisms that govern egress of T cells is crucial to understanding both basic immunology and the immune response in diseases such as HIV infection. Recent work has brought to light the requirement for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors in a variety of fields including mature naïve T-cell egress from the thymus of mice. We are examining the expression and function of this novel requisite T-cell egress receptor within the human thymus, characterizing changes observed in the expression and function of this receptor in infectious diseases. To perform this work, we use a variety of humanized murine models reviewed in this article. Future work in the field of T-cell egress, especially as it pertains to S1P receptors, should advance the fields of basic T-cell immunology and immunopathology and open new avenues for exploration into novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Resop
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen Medical School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen Medical School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christel H. Uittenbogaart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen Medical School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen Medical School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California at Los Angeles AIDS Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen Medical School at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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21
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Xu X, Zhang S, Jin R, Wang K, Li P, Lin L, Dong J, Hao J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Pang X, Qian X, Zhang J, Wu H, Zhang Y, Ge Q. Retention and tolerance of autoreactive CD4(+) recent thymic emigrants in the liver. J Autoimmun 2015; 56:87-97. [PMID: 25468259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance play a critical role in preventing T cells that escape from negative selection in the thymus from initiating autoimmune reactions. To investigate the site of peripheral tolerance induction, we examined migration and activation of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) in liver, spleen, lymph node and peripheral blood. We show that a fraction of RTE precursors were retained in the liver independent of the secondary lymphoid organs. Compared to RTEs from the lymph nodes, RTEs from the liver proliferated more and many exhibited an activated phenotype with the capability of producing IL-10 upon activation. Liver RTEs also responded poorly to interleukin (IL)-7 and were more prone to apoptosis. Following transfer into RAG(-/-) recipients, liver RTEs induced more severe inflammation and T cell infiltration in the lung and colon. The extrathymic expression of MHC and Aire is required for the acquisition of tolerogenic phenotype of newly generated thymic emigrants in the liver. These results suggest that the liver is the first checkpoint in the periphery to filter, retain, and enforce tolerance to autoreactive CD4(+) thymic emigrants that escape from negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Rong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Pingping Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hounan Wu
- Peking University Medical and Health Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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