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Shahpasand-Kroner H, Siddique I, Malik R, Linares GR, Ivanova MI, Ichida J, Weil T, Münch J, Sanchez-Garcia E, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G. Molecular Tweezers: Supramolecular Hosts with Broad-Spectrum Biological Applications. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:263-308. [PMID: 36549866 PMCID: PMC9976797 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-selective molecular tweezers (MTs) are supramolecular host molecules displaying a remarkably broad spectrum of biologic activities. MTs act as inhibitors of the self-assembly and toxicity of amyloidogenic proteins using a unique mechanism. They destroy viral membranes and inhibit infection by enveloped viruses, such as HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, by mechanisms unrelated to their action on protein self-assembly. They also disrupt biofilm of Gram-positive bacteria. The efficacy and safety of MTs have been demonstrated in vitro, in cell culture, and in vivo, suggesting that these versatile compounds are attractive therapeutic candidates for various diseases, infections, and injuries. A lead compound called CLR01 has been shown to inhibit the aggregation of various amyloidogenic proteins, facilitate their clearance in vivo, prevent infection by multiple viruses, display potent anti-biofilm activity, and have a high safety margin in animal models. The inhibitory effect of CLR01 against amyloidogenic proteins is highly specific to abnormal self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins with no disruption of normal mammalian biologic processes at the doses needed for inhibition. Therapeutic effects of CLR01 have been demonstrated in animal models of proteinopathies, lysosomal-storage diseases, and spinal-cord injury. Here we review the activity and mechanisms of action of these intriguing compounds and discuss future research directions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Molecular tweezers are supramolecular host molecules with broad biological applications, including inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation, facilitation of lysosomal clearance of toxic aggregates, disruption of viral membranes, and interference of biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of the molecular tweezers, including the discovery of distinct mechanisms acting in vitro and in vivo, and the application of these compounds in multiple preclinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Shahpasand-Kroner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ibrar Siddique
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ravinder Malik
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriel R Linares
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justin Ichida
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank-Gerrit Klärner
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine (H.S.-K., I.S., R.M., G.B.), Brain Research Institute (G.B.), and Molecular Biology Institute (G.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (G.R.L., J.I.); Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.I.I.); Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany (T.W., J.M.); and Department of Computational Biochemistry (E.S.-G.) and Faculty of Chemistry (F-G.K., T.S.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wang B, Zhong X, Fields L, Lu H, Zhu Z, Li L. Structural Proteomic Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluids to Reveal Novel Conformational Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:459-471. [PMID: 36745855 PMCID: PMC10276618 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common representation of dementia, with brain pathological hallmarks of protein abnormal aggregation, such as with amyloid beta and tau protein. It is well established that posttranslational modifications on tau protein, particularly phosphorylation, increase the likelihood of its aggregation and subsequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles, another hallmark of AD. As additional misfolded proteins presumably exist distinctly in AD disease states, which would serve as potential source of AD biomarkers, we used limited proteolysis-coupled with mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to probe protein structural changes. After optimizing the LiP-MS conditions, we further applied this method to human cerebrospinal fluid specimens collected from healthy control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD subject groups to characterize proteome-wide misfolding tendencies as a result of disease progression. The fully tryptic peptides embedding LiP sites were compared with the half-tryptic peptides generated from internal cleavage of the same region to determine any structural unfolding or misfolding. We discovered hundreds of significantly up- and down-regulated peptides associated with MCI and AD indicating their potential structural changes in AD progression. Moreover, we detected 53 structurally changed regions in 12 proteins with high confidence between the healthy control and disease groups, illustrating the functional relevance of these proteins with AD progression. These newly discovered conformational biomarker candidates establish valuable future directions for exploring the molecular mechanism of designing therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Lauren Fields
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Haiyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Zexin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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3
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Saleki K, Mohamadi MH, Banazadeh M, Alijanizadeh P, Javanmehr N, Pourahmad R, Nouri HR. In silico design of a TLR4-mediating multiepitope chimeric vaccine against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via advanced immunoinformatics. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1191-1207. [PMID: 35707959 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ma0721-376rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most prevalent motor neuron disorder worldwide. In ALS, progressing disease can result from misfolding and aggregation of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) or TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP43). An efficient immunotherapy for ALS should spare intact SOD1 while eliminating its dysfunctional variant. We utilized advanced immunoinformatics to suggest a potential vaccine candidate against ALS by proposing a model of dynamic TLR4 mediation and induction of a specific Th2-biased shift against mutant SOD1, TDP43, and TRAF6, a protein that specifically interacts with dysfunctional SOD1. SOD1, TDP43, and TRAF6 were retrieved in FASTA. Immune Epitopes Database and CTLpred suggested T/B-cell epitopes from disease-specific regions of selected antigens. A TLR4-mediating adjuvant, RS01, was used. Sequences were assembled via suitable linkers. Tertiary structure of the protein was calculated. Refined protein structure and physicochemical features of the 3D structure were verified in silico. Differential immune induction was assessed via C-ImmSim. GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation was used to assess evolution of the docked vaccine-TLR4 complex in blood. Our protein showed high structural quality and was nonallergenic and immune inducing. Also, the vaccine-TLR4 complex stability was verified by RMSD, RMSF, gyration, and visual analyses of the molecular dynamic trajectory. Contact residues in the vaccine-TLR4 complex showed favorable binding energies. Immune stimulation analyses of the proposed candidate demonstrated a sustained memory cell response and a strong adaptive immune reaction. We proposed a potential vaccine candidate against ALS and verified its physicochemical and immune inducing features. Future studies should assess this vaccine in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Mohamad Banazadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nima Javanmehr
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ramtin Pourahmad
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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4
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Li J, Guo M, Chen L, Chen Z, Fu Y, Chen Y. p53 amyloid aggregation in cancer: function, mechanism, and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:66. [PMID: 36171607 PMCID: PMC9520902 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neurodegenerative diseases, the concept that tumors are prion like diseases has been proposed in recent years. p53, the most well-known tumor suppressor, has been extensively studied for its expression, mutation, and function in various tumors. Currently, an interesting phenomenon of p53 prion-like aggregation has been found in several tumors, and studies have found that its pathological aggregation may lead to functional alterations and ultimately affect tumor progression. It has been demonstrated that the mechanism of p53 aggregation involves its mutation, domains, isoform, etc. In addition to p53 itself, some other factors, including Zn2+ concentration, pH, temperature and chaperone abnormalities, can also contribute to p53 aggregation. Although there are some studies about the mechanism and role of p53 aggregation and amyloidosis in tumors, there still exist some controversies. In this paper, we review the mechanism of p53 amyloid fibril structure and discuss the characteristics and effects of p53 amyloid aggregation, as well as the pathogenic mechanism leading to the occurrence of aggregation in tumors. Finally, we summarize the various inhibitors targeting p53 aggregation and prion-like behavior. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of p53 aggregation can expand our understanding of the causes leading its loss of physiological function and that targeting p53 aggregation might be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Li
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Carnosic Acid and Carnosol Display Antioxidant and Anti-Prion Properties in In Vitro and Cell-Free Models of Prion Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040726. [PMID: 35453411 PMCID: PMC9027925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible encephalopathies associated with the conversion of the physiological form of the prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated (PrPSc). Despite intense research, no therapeutic or prophylactic agent is available. The catechol-type diterpene Carnosic acid (CA) and its metabolite Carnosol (CS) from Rosmarinus officinalis have well-documented anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases, we investigated the potential beneficial role of CA and CS in a cellular model of prion diseases (N2a22L cells) and in a cell-free prion amplification assay (RT-QuIC). The antioxidant effects of the compounds were confirmed when N2a22L were incubated with CA or CS. Furthermore, CA and CS reduced the accumulation of the disease-associated form of PrP, detected by Western Blotting, in N2a22L cells. This effect was validated in RT-QuIC assays, indicating that it is not associated with the antioxidant effects of CA and CS. Importantly, cell-free assays revealed that these natural products not only prevent the formation of PrP aggregates but can also disrupt already formed aggregates. Our results indicate that CA and CS have pleiotropic effects against prion diseases and could evolve into useful prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents against prion and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kumar H, Udgaonkar JB. The Lys 280 → Gln mutation mimicking disease-linked acetylation of Lys 280 in tau extends the structural core of fibrils and modulates their catalytic properties. Protein Sci 2021; 30:785-803. [PMID: 33496017 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrillar aggregates isolated from the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases invariably have post-translational modifications (PTMs). The roles that PTMs play in modulating the structures and polymorphism of amyloid aggregates, and hence their ability to catalyze the conversion of monomeric protein to their fibrillar structure is, however, poorly understood. This is particularly true in the case of tau aggregates, where specific folds of fibrillar tau have been implicated in specific tauopathies. Several PTMs, including acetylation at Lys 280, increase aggregation of tau in the brain, and increase neurodegeneration. In this study, tau-K18 K280Q, in which the Lys 280 → Gln mutation is used to mimic acetylation at Lys 280, is shown, using HX-MS measurements, to form fibrils with a structural core that is longer than that of tau-K18 fibrils. Measurements of critical concentrations show that the binding affinity of monomeric tau-K18 for its fibrillar counterpart is only marginally more than that of monomeric tau-K18 K280Q for its fibrillar counterpart. Quantitative analysis of the kinetics of seeded aggregation, using a simple Michaelis-Menten-like model, in which the monomer first binds and then undergoes conformational conversion to β-strand, shows that the fibrils of tau-K18 K280Q convert monomeric protein more slowly than do fibrils of tau-K18. In contrast, monomeric tau-K18 K280Q is converted faster to fibrils than is monomeric tau-K18. Thus, the effect of Lys 280 acetylation on tau aggregate propagation in brain cells is expected to depend on the amount of acetylated tau present, and on whether the propagating seed is acetylated at Lys 280 or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India.,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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Henríquez G, Gomez A, Guerrero E, Narayan M. Potential Role of Natural Polyphenols against Protein Aggregation Toxicity: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2915-2934. [PMID: 32822152 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main features of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is the amyloidogenic behavior of disease-specific proteins including amyloid β, tau, α-synuclein, and mutant Huntingtin which participate in the formation, accumulation, and deposition of toxic misfolded aggregates. Consequently, these proteins not only associated with the progress of their respective neurodegenerative pathologies but also qualify as disease-specific biomarkers. The aim of using natural polyphenols is to target amyloid-dependent proteopathies by decreasing free radical damage and inhibiting and dissolving amyloid fibrils. We explore the effectiveness of the polyphenols epigallocatechin-3-gallate, oleuropein aglycone, and quercetin on their ability to inhibit aggregation of amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein and mitigate other pathological features for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The analysis was carried from in vitro and cell line studies to animal models and clinical trials. This Review describes the use of phytochemical compounds as prophylactic agents for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henríquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Alejandra Gomez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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8
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Cazzaniga FA, De Luca CMG, Bistaffa E, Consonni A, Legname G, Giaccone G, Moda F. Cell-free amplification of prions: Where do we stand? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:325-358. [PMID: 32958239 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), atypical parkinsonisms, frontotemporal dementia (FTLD) and prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). Although the cause for the initiation of protein aggregation is not well understood, these aggregates are disease-specific. For instance, AD is characterized by the intraneuronal accumulation of tau and extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), PD is marked by the intraneuronal accumulation of α-synuclein, many FTLD are associated with the accumulation of TDP-43 while prion diseases show aggregates of misfolded prion protein. Hence, misfolded proteins are considered disease-specific biomarkers and their identification and localization in the CNS, collected postmortem, is required for a definitive diagnosis. With the development of two innovative cell-free amplification techniques named Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) and Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC), traces of disease-specific biomarkers were found in CSF and other peripheral tissues (e.g., urine, blood, and olfactory mucosa) of patients with different NDs. These techniques exploit an important feature shared by many misfolded proteins, that is their ability to interact with their normally folded counterparts and force them to undergo similar structural rearrangements. Essentially, RT-QuIC and PMCA mimic in vitro the same pathological processes of protein misfolding which occur in vivo in a very rapid manner. For this reason, they have been employed for studying different aspects of protein misfolding but, overall, they seem to be very promising for the premortem diagnosis of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Angelo Cazzaniga
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Henríquez G, Mendez L, Varela-Ramirez A, Guerrero E, Narayan M. Neuroprotective Effect of Brazilin on Amyloid β (25-35)-Induced Pathology in a Human Neuroblastoma Model. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13785-13792. [PMID: 32566844 PMCID: PMC7301549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Until the recent past, the sole exemplar of proteins as infectious agents leading to neurodegenerative disorders remained the prion protein. Since then, the self-seeding mechanism characteristic of the prion protein has also been attributed to other neurodegenerative-disease-associated proteins, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and α-synuclein (α-Syn). In model cell line studies, truncated Aβ, viz. amyloid beta (25-35), has been found to influence cellular homeostasis through its interactions with, and via, the disruption of key housekeeping machinery. Here, we demonstrate that the incubation of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line with Brazilin ((6aS,11bR)-7,11b-dihydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c]chromene-3,6a,9,10-tetrol) prior to Aβ (25-35)-insult protected the cells from oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, Brazilin mitigated Aβ-induced alterations in protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and α-synuclein status, both of which are important biomarkers that report on Parkinson's pathogenesis. The results obtained in this study suggest that the tetrol is neuroprotective and helps resist Aβ-induced cross-pathology and amyloidogenic onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Henríquez
- Department
of Environmental Science & Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lois Mendez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Research Building, Border Biomedical
Research Center, the Cellular Characterization and Biorepository Core
Facility, The University of Texas at El
Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Mahesh Narayan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The University of Texas at
El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
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10
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Zhao B, Marciniuk K, Gibbs E, Yousefi M, Napper S, Cashman NR. Therapeutic vaccines for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis directed against disease specific epitopes of superoxide dismutase 1. Vaccine 2019; 37:4920-4927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Zheng R, Zhang ZH, Zhao YX, Chen C, Jia SZ, Cao XC, Shen LM, Ni JZ, Song GL. Transcriptomic Insights into the Response of the Olfactory Bulb to Selenium Treatment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2998. [PMID: 31248178 PMCID: PMC6627505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques primarily composed of Aβ peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Olfactory dysfunction is an early clinical phenotype in AD and was reported to be attributable to the presence of NFTs, senile Aβ plaques in the olfactory bulb (OB). Our previous research found that selenomethionine (Se-Met), a major form of selenium (Se) in organisms, effectively increased oxidation resistance as well as reduced the generation and deposition of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation in the olfactory bulb of a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD), thereby suggesting a potential therapeutic option for AD. In this study, we further investigated changes in the transcriptome data of olfactory bulb tissues of 7-month-old triple transgenic AD (3×Tg-AD) mice treated with Se-Met (6 µg/mL) for three months. Comparison of the gene expression profile between Se-Met-treated and control mice revealed 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these genes, 21 DEGs were upregulated and 122 downregulated. The DEGs were then annotated against the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The results show that upregulated genes can be roughly classified into three types. Some of them mainly regulate the regeneration of nerves, such as Fabp7, Evt5 and Gal; some are involved in improving cognition and memory, such as Areg; and some are involved in anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis, such as Adcyap1 and Scg2. The downregulated genes are mainly associated with inflammation and apoptosis, such as Lrg1, Scgb3a1 and Pglyrp1. The reliability of the transcriptomic data was validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the selected genes. These results were in line with our previous study, which indicated therapeutic effects of Se-Met on AD mice, providing a theoretical basis for further study of the treatment of AD by Se-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yu-Xi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shi-Zheng Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xian-Chun Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Li-Ming Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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12
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Sohrab SS, Suhail M, Ali A, Kamal MA, Husen A, Ahmad F, Azhar EI, Greig NH. Role of viruses, prions and miRNA in neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. Virusdisease 2018; 29:419-433. [PMID: 30539044 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is known as loss of cellular communications in the brain at a region caused by multi-factorial diseases and pathogenic infections. Approximately eighty percent reported cases of Alzheimer's disease are followed by vascular dementia. The common symptoms of dementia include memory loss, concentration problems, thinking, and language solving situations. Dementia is a multifactorial disease but based on latest research; various reports have been published describing the linkage and role of viruses, prions and miRNAs in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disorders resulting into dementia and due to this we selected to review and provide latest information related to dementia. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs carrying genetic regulatory information contributing to neurological disorders among human and animals. A prion is an infectious agent made of protein material. Recently, it has been reported that prions play a significant role in signaling processes, resulting in amyloidogenesis and neurological disorders. Viruses attack human immune system and central nervous system and affect classical pathways of neurodegenerative diseases. Comprehensive understandings of the expression profiles and activities of these miRNAs, Prions, Viruses will illuminate their roles as potential therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration and may lead to the discovery of breakthrough treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and dementia. The provided information will further be significant not only in neuro-scientific research, but also in designing and development of management strategies for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- 2King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770 Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Sydney, Australia
| | - Azamal Husen
- 6Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fahim Ahmad
- 7Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000, Ninth Ave, South, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- 1Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,5Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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13
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Kumar H, Udgaonkar JB. Mechanistic and Structural Origins of the Asymmetric Barrier to Prion-like Cross-Seeding between Tau-3R and Tau-4R. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:5304-5312. [PMID: 30267747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The spread and deposition of infectious fibrillar protein aggregates in the brain via a prion-like mechanism is a critical component in the patho-physiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including the tauopathies. In tauopathies, two isoforms of tau, containing three and four microtubule binding repeats, are found to aggregate, and the type of isoform present in aggregates determines the type of tauopathy. Cross-seeding between the two tau isoforms is limited by an asymmetric barrier similar to the species barrier that restricts prion transmission across species, whose origin has remained unclear. In this study, the growth of the tau fibrils is shown to be describable by a two-step Michaelis-Menten-like model. Delineation of the mechanism as a Michaelis-Menten-like mechanism has enabled a quantitative understanding of the asymmetric seeding barrier that exists between two isoforms of tau, tau-K18 and tau-K19 (which differ in containing four and three microtubule binding repeats, respectively), wherein tau-K18 fibrils cannot seed tau-K19 monomer. Furthermore, high-resolution structural analysis of the two isoforms shows that the structural core is more ordered in tau-K19 than in tau-K18. Hence, the current work provides kinetic and structural rationales for asymmetric seeding barriers in general and for the two tau isoforms in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India.
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14
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Leighton PLA, Allison WT. Protein Misfolding in Prion and Prion-Like Diseases: Reconsidering a Required Role for Protein Loss-of-Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:3-29. [PMID: 27392869 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prion disease research has contributed much toward understanding other neurodegenerative diseases, including recent demonstrations that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are prion-like. Prion-like diseases involve the spread of degeneration between individuals and/or among cells or tissues via template directed misfolding, wherein misfolded protein conformers propagate disease by causing normal proteins to misfold. Here we use the premise that AD, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other similar diseases are prion-like and ask: Can we apply knowledge gained from studies of these prion-like diseases to resolve debates about classical prion diseases? We focus on controversies about what role(s) protein loss-of-function might have in prion diseases because this has therapeutic implications, including for AD. We examine which loss-of-function events are recognizable in prion-like diseases by considering the normal functions of the proteins before their misfolding and aggregation. We then delineate scenarios wherein gain-of-function and/or loss-of-function would be necessary or sufficient for neurodegeneration. We consider roles of PrPC loss-of-function in prion diseases and in AD, and conclude that the conventional wisdom that prion diseases are 'toxic gain-of-function diseases' has limitations. While prion diseases certainly have required gain-of-function components, we propose that disease phenotypes are predominantly caused by deficits in the normal physiology of PrPC and its interaction partners as PrPC converts to PrPSc. In this model, gain-of-function serves mainly to spread disease, and loss-of-function directly mediates neuron dysfunction. We propose experiments and predictions to assess our conclusion. Further study on the normal physiological roles of these key proteins is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Taschuk R, Scruten E, Woodbury M, Cashman N, Potter A, Griebel P, Tikoo SK, Napper S. Induction of PrP Sc-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses in white-tailed deer with an oral vaccine for chronic wasting disease. Prion 2018; 11:368-380. [PMID: 28968152 PMCID: PMC5639826 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1367083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing epidemic of chronic wasting disease (CWD) within cervid populations indicates the need for novel approaches for disease management. A vaccine that either reduces susceptibility to infection or reduces shedding of prions by infected animals, or a combination of both, could be of benefit for disease control. The development of such a vaccine is challenged by the unique nature of prion diseases and the requirement for formulation and delivery in an oral format for application in wildlife settings. To address the unique nature of prions, our group targets epitopes, termed disease specific epitopes (DSEs), whose exposure for antibody binding depends on disease-associated misfolding of PrPC into PrPSc. Here, a DSE corresponding to the rigid loop (RL) region, which was immunogenic following parenteral vaccination, was translated into an oral vaccine. This vaccine consists of a replication-incompetent human adenovirus expressing a truncated rabies glycoprotein G recombinant fusion with the RL epitope (hAd5:tgG-RL). Oral immunization of white-tailed deer with hAd5:tgG-RL induced PrPSc-specific systemic and mucosal antibody responses with an encouraging safety profile in terms of no adverse health effects nor prolonged vector shedding. By building upon proven strategies of formulation for wildlife vaccines, these efforts generate a particular PrPSc-specific oral vaccine for CWD as well as providing a versatile platform, in terms of carrier protein and biological vector, for generation of other oral, peptide-based CWD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Taschuk
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada.,b School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Murray Woodbury
- c Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Neil Cashman
- d Department of Neurology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada.,b School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada.,b School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- a Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada.,e Department of Biochemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
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16
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Zheng T, Wu X, Wei X, Wang M, Zhang B. The release and transmission of amyloid precursor protein via exosomes. Neurochem Int 2017; 114:18-25. [PMID: 29277576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing is central in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The healthy unaffected neurons suffer the transmission of amyloid protein from pathologically affected neurons, which may play an important role in the anatomical spread of the disease. Exosomes are appropriate candidates for transmission of amyloid species, because of their potential role as "intercellular transportation". To address a role of secreted exosomes in neuronal homeostasis in AD, we harvested exosomes from the conditioned medium of HEK293-APP Swe/Ind cells. We have demonstrated that these exosomes contained APP and were capable of efficiently transferring APP to normal primary neurons. Moreover, these exosomes had dose-dependent detrimental effect on cultured neurons. Our results suggest a key mechanism underlying the spread of amyloid protein in the brain and the acceleration of pathology in AD; exosomes secretion serves to amplify and propagate Alzheimer's disease related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xinchang People's Hospital, 312500, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mingkai Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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17
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Allison WT, DuVal MG, Nguyen-Phuoc K, Leighton PLA. Reduced Abundance and Subverted Functions of Proteins in Prion-Like Diseases: Gained Functions Fascinate but Lost Functions Affect Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2223. [PMID: 29064456 PMCID: PMC5666902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions have served as pathfinders that reveal many aspects of proteostasis in neurons. The recent realization that several prominent neurodegenerative diseases spread via a prion-like mechanism illuminates new possibilities for diagnostics and therapeutics. Thus, key proteins in Alzheimer Disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including amyloid-β precursor protein, Tau and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), spread to adjacent cells in their misfolded aggregated forms and exhibit template-directed misfolding to induce further misfolding, disruptions to proteostasis and toxicity. Here we invert this comparison to ask what these prion-like diseases can teach us about the broad prion disease class, especially regarding the loss of these key proteins' function(s) as they misfold and aggregate. We also consider whether functional amyloids might reveal a role for subverted protein function in neurodegenerative disease. Our synthesis identifies SOD1 as an exemplar of protein functions being lost during prion-like protein misfolding, because SOD1 is inherently unstable and loses function in its misfolded disease-associated form. This has under-appreciated parallels amongst the canonical prion diseases, wherein the normally folded prion protein, PrPC, is reduced in abundance in fatal familial insomnia patients and during the preclinical phase in animal models, apparently via proteostatic mechanisms. Thus while template-directed misfolding and infectious properties represent gain-of-function that fascinates proteostasis researchers and defines (is required for) the prion(-like) diseases, loss and subversion of the functions attributed to hallmark proteins in neurodegenerative disease needs to be integrated into design towards effective therapeutics. We propose experiments to uniquely test these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
| | - Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Kim Nguyen-Phuoc
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
| | - Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
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18
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Zeineddine R, Whiten DR, Farrawell NE, McAlary L, Hanspal MA, Kumita JR, Wilson MR, Yerbury JJ. Flow cytometric measurement of the cellular propagation of TDP-43 aggregation. Prion 2017; 11:195-204. [PMID: 28486039 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1314426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neuromuscular degenerative disease characterized by a focal onset of motor neuron loss, followed by contiguous outward spreading of pathology including TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) aggregates. Previous work suggests that TDP-43 can move between cells. Here we used a novel flow cytometry technique (FloIT) to analyze TDP-43 inclusions and propagation. When cells were transfected to express either mutant G294A TDP-43 fused to GFP or wild type TDP-43fused to tomato red and then co-cultured, flow cytometry detected intact cells containing both fusion proteins and using FloIT detected an increase in the numbers of inclusions in lysates from cells expressing wild type TDP-43-tomato. Furthermore, in this same model, FloIT analyses detected inclusions containing both fusion proteins. These results imply the transfer of TDP-43 fusion proteins between cells and that this process can increase aggregation of wild-type TDP-43 by a mechanism involving co-aggregation with G294A TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaa Zeineddine
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Daniel R Whiten
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Natalie E Farrawell
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Luke McAlary
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Maya A Hanspal
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,d Centre for Misfolding Diseases , Cambridge , UK
| | - Janet R Kumita
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,d Centre for Misfolding Diseases , Cambridge , UK
| | - Mark R Wilson
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Justin J Yerbury
- a Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute , Wollongong , NSW , Australia.,b School of Biological Sciences, Science Medicine and Health Faculty , University of Wollongong, Wollongong , NSW , Australia
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19
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Zheng T, Pu J, Chen Y, Mao Y, Guo Z, Pan H, Zhang L, Zhang H, Sun B, Zhang B. Plasma Exosomes Spread and Cluster Around β-Amyloid Plaques in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:12. [PMID: 28203202 PMCID: PMC5285341 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, have been shown to be involved in many disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exosomes may contribute to the spread of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein. However, the specific diffusion process of exosomes and their final destination in brain are still unclear. In the present study, we isolated exosomes from peripheral plasma and injected them into the hippocampus of an AD mouse model, and investigated exosome diffusion. We found that injected exosomes can spread from the dentate gyrus (DG) to other regions of hippocampus and to the cortex. Exosomes targeted microglia preferentially; this phenomenon is stable and is not affected by age. In AD mice, microglia take up lower levels of exosomes. More interestingly, plasma exosomes cluster around the Aβ plaques and are engulfed by activated microglia nearby. Our data indicate that exosomes can diffuse throughout the brain and may play a role in the dynamics of amyloid deposition in AD through microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Binggui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
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20
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Korbolina EE, Zhdankina AA, Fursova AZ, Kozhevnikova OS, Kolosova NG. Genes of susceptibility to early neurodegenerative changes in the rat retina and brain: analysis by means of congenic strains. BMC Genet 2016; 17:153. [PMID: 28105932 PMCID: PMC5249004 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been considerable interest in discovery of the genetic architecture of complex traits, particularly age-related neurodegenerative disorders. To predict disease risk and to understand its genetic basis in humans, it is necessary to study animal models. Our previous research on the accelerated-senescence OXYS strain has revealed two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on rat chromosome 1 that are associated with early cataract and/or retinopathy as well as with behavioral abnormalities. Each locus was partially mapped within the introgressed segments in a certain congenic strain: WAG/OXYS-1.1 or WAG/OXYS-1.2. Retinal transcriptome profiling of 20-day-old congenic and OXYS rats by high-throughput RNA sequencing uncovered relevant candidate genes and pathways. Nonetheless, the question remained open whether the same genetic components simultaneously have effects on various manifestations of the accelerated-senescence phenotype in OXYS rats. The present study was designed to analyze the genes of susceptibility to early neurodegenerative processes taking place in the OXYS rat retina and brain and to assess their potential functional clustering. The study was based on the findings from recent publications (including mapping of quantitative trait loci) and on comparative phenotyping of congenic rat strains. RESULTS The backcrossing of Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG) and OXYS strains to generate the congenics resulted in two congenic strains with high susceptibility to cataract and retinopathy but with no obvious signs of Alzheimer's disease-like brain pathology that are specific for OXYS rats. Thus, the genes of susceptibility to brain neurodegeneration were not introgressed into the congenic strains or there is a strong effect of the genetic background on the disease phenotype. Moreover, the progression of retinopathy with age was relatively less severe in the WAG background compared to the OXYS background. A comparative analysis of previously defined QTLs and congenic segments led to identification of candidate genes with a suspected effect on brain neurodegeneration including the genes showing differential expression in the congenic strains. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that the cause of the cataract and the cause of retinopathy phenotypes in OXYS rats may be genetically linked to each other within the introgressed segments in the WAG/OXYS-1.1 and/or WAG/OXYS-1.2 congenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Korbolina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | | | | | | | - Natalia G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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21
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Ma B, Zhao J, Nussinov R. Conformational selection in amyloid-based immunotherapy: Survey of crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:2672-81. [PMID: 27266343 PMCID: PMC5610039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant feature in neurodegenerative diseases is protein aggregations that lead to neuronal loss. Immunotherapies using antibodies or antibody fragments to target the aggregations are a highly perused approach. The molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid-based immunotherapy are complex. Deciphering the properties of amyloidogenic proteins responsible for these diseases is essential to obtain insights into antibody recognition of the amyloid antigens. SCOPE OF REVIEW We systematically explore all available crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes related to neurodegenerative diseases, including antibodies that recognize the Aβ peptide, tau protein, prion protein, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein (mHTT), and polyglutamine. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We found that antibodies mostly use the conformational selection mechanism to recognize the highly flexible amyloid antigens. In particular, solanezumab bound to Aβ12-28 tripeptide motif conformation (F19F20A21), which is shared with the Aβ42 fibril. This motif, which is trapped by the antibody, may provide the missing link in amyloid formation. Water molecules often bridge between the antibody and amyloid, contributing to the recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This paper provides the structural basis for antibody recognition of amyloidogenic proteins. The analysis and discussion of known structures are expected to help in the design and optimization of antibodies in neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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22
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Logical design of anti-prion agents using NAGARA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:930-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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McConnell EM, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. Aptamers as promising molecular recognition elements for diagnostics and therapeutics in the central nervous system. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 24:388-404. [PMID: 25296265 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide aptamers are short, synthetic, single-stranded DNA or RNA able to recognize and bind to a multitude of targets ranging from small molecules to cells. Aptamers have emerged as valuable tools for fundamental research, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Due to their small size, strong target affinity, lack of immunogenicity, and ease of chemical modification, aptamers are an attractive alternative to other molecular recognition elements, such as antibodies. Although it is a challenging environment, the central nervous system and related molecular targets present an exciting potential area for aptamer research. Aptamers hold promise for targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Here we review recent advances in aptamer research for neurotransmitter and neurotoxin targets, demyelinating disease and spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorders, pathologies related to protein aggregation (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prions), brain cancer (glioblastomas and gliomas), and regulation of receptor function. Challenges and limitations posed by the blood brain barrier are described. Future perspectives for the application of aptamers to the central nervous system are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Shahaduzzaman M, Nash K, Hudson C, Sharif M, Grimmig B, Lin X, Bai G, Liu H, Ugen KE, Cao C, Bickford PC. Anti-human α-synuclein N-terminal peptide antibody protects against dopaminergic cell death and ameliorates behavioral deficits in an AAV-α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116841. [PMID: 25658425 PMCID: PMC4319932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) has a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and immunotherapeutic approaches targeting this molecule have shown promising results. In this study, novel antibodies were generated against specific peptides from full length human α-Syn and evaluated for effectiveness in ameliorating α-Syn-induced cell death and behavioral deficits in an AAV-α-Syn expressing rat model of PD. Fisher 344 rats were injected with rAAV vector into the right substantia nigra (SN), while control rats received an AAV vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Beginning one week after injection of the AAV-α-Syn vectors, rats were treated intraperitoneally with either control IgG or antibodies against the N-terminal (AB1), or central region (AB2) of α-Syn. An unbiased stereological estimation of TH+, NeuN+, and OX6 (MHC-II) immunostaining revealed that the α-Syn peptide antibodies (AB1 and AB2) significantly inhibited α-Syn-induced dopaminergic cell (DA) and NeuN+ cell loss (one-way ANOVA (F (3, 30) = 5.8, p = 0.002 and (F (3, 29) = 7.92, p = 0.002 respectively), as well as decreasing the number of activated microglia in the ipsilateral SN (one-way ANOVA F = 14.09; p = 0.0003). Antibody treated animals also had lower levels of α-Syn in the ipsilateral SN (one-way ANOVA F (7, 37) = 9.786; p = 0.0001) and demonstrated a partial intermediate improvement of the behavioral deficits. Our data suggest that, in particular, an α-Syn peptide antibody against the N-terminal region of the protein can protect against DA neuron loss and, to some extent behavioral deficits. As such, these results may be a potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahaduzzaman
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kevin Nash
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Charles Hudson
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Masroor Sharif
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Bethany Grimmig
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Ge Bai
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Hui Liu
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kenneth E. Ugen
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Delivery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States of America
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF-Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PB); (CC)
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PB); (CC)
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Lee S, Kim HJ. Prion-like Mechanism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: are Protein Aggregates the Key? Exp Neurobiol 2014; 24:1-7. [PMID: 25792864 PMCID: PMC4363329 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal adult-onset motor neuron disease. Motor neurons in the cortex, brain stem and spinal cord gradually degenerate in ALS patients, and most ALS patients die within 3~5 years of disease onset due to respiratory failure. The major pathological hallmark of ALS is abnormal accumulation of protein inclusions containing TDP-43, FUS or SOD1 protein. Moreover, the focality of clinical onset and regional spreading of neurodegeneration are typical features of ALS. These clinical data indicate that neurodegeneration in ALS is an orderly propagating process, which seems to share the signature of a seeded self-propagation with pathogenic prion proteins. In vitro and cell line experimental evidence suggests that SOD1, TDP-43 and FUS form insoluble fibrillar aggregates. Notably, these protein fibrillar aggregates can act as seeds to trigger the aggregation of native counterparts. Collectively, a self-propagation mechanism similar to prion replication and spreading may underlie the pathology of ALS. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent evidence to support the prion-like properties of major ALS-associated proteins and discuss the possible therapeutic strategies for ALS based on a prion-like mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shynrye Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Research Division, Daegu 700-010, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Research Division, Daegu 700-010, Korea
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26
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Silva JL, De Moura Gallo CV, Costa DCF, Rangel LP. Prion-like aggregation of mutant p53 in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:260-7. [PMID: 24775734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
p53 is a master regulatory protein that participates in cellular processes such as apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle control. p53 functions as a homotetrameric tumor suppressor, and is lost in more than 50% of human cancers. Recent studies have suggested that the formation of mutant p53 aggregates is associated with loss-of-function (LoF), dominant-negative (DN), and gain-of-function (GoF) effects. We propose that these phenomena can be explained by a prion-like behavior of mutant p53. We discuss the shared properties of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases and how the prion-like properties of p53 aggregates offer potential targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson L Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Claudia V De Moura Gallo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielly C F Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Rangel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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27
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Madampage CA, Marciniuk K, Määttänen P, Cashman NR, Potter A, Lee JS, Napper S. Nanopore analysis reveals differences in structural stability of ovine PrP(C) proteins corresponding to scrapie susceptible (VRQ) and resistance (ARR) genotypes. Prion 2014; 7:511-9. [PMID: 24401607 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species, as well as individuals within species, have unique susceptibilities to prion infection that are likely based on sequence differences in cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Species barriers to transmission also reflect PrP(C) sequence differences. Defining the structure-activity relationship of PrP(C)/PrP(Sc) with respect to infectivity/susceptibility will benefit disease understanding and assessment of transmission risks. Here, nanopore analysis is employed to investigate genotypes of sheep PrP(C) corresponding to differential susceptibilities to scrapie infection. Under non-denaturing conditions scrapie resistant (ARR) and susceptible (VRQ) genotypes display similar, type I (bumping) predominant event profiles, suggesting a conserved folding pattern. Under increasingly denaturing conditions both proteins shift to type II (intercalation/translocation) events but with different sensitivities to unfolding. Specifically, when pre-incubated in 2M Gdn-HCl, the VRQ variant had more of type II events as compared with the ARR protein, suggesting a more flexible unfolding pattern. Addition of PrP(Sc)-specific polyclonal antibody (YML) to the ARR variant, pre-incubated in 2M Gdn-HCl, reduced the number of type II events with no clear intercalation/translocation peak, whereas for VRQ, type II events above blockades of 90 pA bound YML. A second PrP(Sc)-specific antibody (SN6b) to a different cryptic epitope reduced type II events for VRQ but not the ARR variant. Collectively, the event patterns associated with sequential denaturation, as well as interactions with PrP(Sc)-specific antibodies, support unique patterns and/or propensities of misfolding between the genotypes. Overall, nanopore analysis identifies intermediate conformations that occur during the unfolding pathways of ARR and VRQ genotypes and may help to understand the correlation of structural properties that induce protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Avis Madampage
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Kristen Marciniuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Pekka Määttänen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Neil R Cashman
- University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Andrew Potter
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Jeremy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada; Department of Biochemistry; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, SK Canada
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