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Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang H, Hou J, Xiao W, Wen X, Wang T, Long P, Jiang H, Wang Z, Liu H, Chen X. Advances in research on the protective mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:931-948. [PMID: 35587352 PMCID: PMC9132412 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2063342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Developing effective drugs to treat myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is imperative. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have had considerable success in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms by which TCMs improve MI/R injury can supplement the literature on MI/R prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE To summarise TCMs and their main protective mechanisms against MI/R injury reported over the past 40 years. METHODS Relevant literature published between 1980 and 2020 in Chinese and English was retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, SpringerLink, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Search terms included 'medicinal plants', 'myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury', 'Chinese medicine prescriptions', 'mechanisms', 'prevention', 'treatment' and 'protection'. For inclusion in the analysis, medicinal plants had to be searchable in the China Medical Information Platform and Plant Database. RESULTS We found 71 medicinal species (from 40 families) that have been used to prevent MI/R injury, of which Compositae species (8 species) and Leguminosae species (7 species) made up the majority. Most of the effects associated with these plants are described as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Furthermore, we summarised 18 kinds of Chinese compound prescriptions, including the compound Danshen tablet and Baoxin pill, which mainly reduce oxidative stress and regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We summarised TCMs that protect against MI/R injury and their pharmacological mechanisms. This in-depth explanation of the roles of TCMs in MI/R injury protection provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of TCM-based treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest, Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest, Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Central Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanhao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest, Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest, Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest, Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lv S, Zhang W, Yuan P, Lu C, Dong J, Zhang J. QiShenYiQi pill for myocardial collagen metabolism and apoptosis in rats of autoimmune cardiomyopathy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:722-728. [PMID: 35361037 PMCID: PMC8979511 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2056206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a myocardial protective effect. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of QSYQ on myocardial collagen metabolism in rats with autoimmune cardiomyopathy and explore the underlying mechanism from the aspect of apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an autoimmune cardiomyopathy model using Lewis rats. The rats were then randomly divided into six groups (n = 8): control, model, 3-methyladenine (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), QSYQ low-dose (135 mg/kg, gavage), QSYQ medium dose (270 mg/kg, gavage), and QSYQ high-dose (540 mg/kg, gavage) for four weeks. Van Gieson staining was applied for myocardial pathological characteristics, TUNEL fluorescence for myocardial cell apoptosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum PICP, PIIINP, and CTX-I levels, and western blot analysis for type I/III myocardial collagen, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 proteins. RESULTS Results showed that QSYQ (135, 270, or 540 mg/kg) significantly reduced the expression of myocardial type I/III collagen, and concentrations of serum PICP, PIIINP, and CTX-I in rats. Moreover, QSYQ could alleviate myocardial fibrosis more effectively at a higher dose. QSYQ could also inhibit myocardial apoptosis via downregulating Bcl-2 expression, and upregulating Bax and caspase-3 expression levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The QSYQ can improve myocardial collagen metabolism by inhibiting apoptosis, which provides a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
| | - Chunmiao Lu
- Jiashan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Tianjin, China
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Yi X, Wang F, Feng Y, Zhu J, Wu Y. Danhong injection attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via suppression of apoptosis: network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929302. [PMID: 36071840 PMCID: PMC9441549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent that is used against various types of human malignancies. However, the associated risk of cardiotoxicity has limited its clinical application. Danhong injection (DHI) is a Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities and is widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of DHI on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. First, a sensitive and reliable HPLC−ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively analyze the chemical compositions of DHI. A total of 56 compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, tanshinones, and flavonoids. Then, a DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity rat model was established to assess the therapeutic effect of DHI. As a result, DHI administration prevented the reduction in body weight and heart weight, and improved electrocardiogram performance. Additionally, the elevated levels of serum biochemical indicators were reduced, and the activities of oxidative enzymes were restored in the DOX-DHI group. Network pharmacology analysis further revealed that these effects might be attributed to 14 active compounds (e.g., danshensu, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and tanshinone IIA) and 15 potential targets (e.g., CASP3, SOD1, NOS3, TNF, and TOP2A). The apoptosis pathway was highly enriched according to the KEGG analysis. Molecular docking verified the good binding affinities between the active compounds and the corresponding apoptosis targets. Finally, experimental validation demonstrated that DHI treatment significantly increased the Bcl-2 level and suppressed DOX-induced Bax and caspase-3 expression in rat heart tissue. Furthermore, DHI treatment obviously decreased the apoptosis rate of DOX-treated H9c2 cells. These results indicate that DHI attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via regulating the apoptosis pathway. The present study suggested that DHI is a promising agent for the prevention of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fugen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhu, ; Yongjiang Wu,
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhu, ; Yongjiang Wu,
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Tan C, Zeng J, Wu G, Zheng L, Huang M, Huang X. Xinshuitong Capsule extract attenuates doxorubicin-induced myocardial edema via regulation of cardiac aquaporins in the chronic heart failure rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112261. [PMID: 34628163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), an effective antineoplastic drug, was limited use for cardiotoxicity. Xinshuitong Capsule (XST), a patented herbal formula, showed desirable beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. However, the drug on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: 15 rats were selected as the normal group and 75 rats were injected intraperitoneally with Dox to establish CHF rat models, the success ones were randomly divided into five groups: low XST (LXST), medium XST (MXST) or high XST (HXST) (4.9, 9.8, or 19.6 g/kg d) administrated intragastrically twice a day for 4 weeks, with the captopril-treated group and the model group as comparison. The model group showed the cardiac functions generally impaired, and CHF mortality rate higher (47%) than those in the XST-treated groups (averaged 24%, P < 0.05). Compared with XST-treated groups, myocardial remodeling, inflammation and desarcomerization, and higher water content more severe in the cardiac tissue in the model group (P < 0.05), which was associated with higher expressions of mRNA or protein levels of AQP1, 4 and 7. Dox-impaired cardiac functions, cardiac remodeling and myocardial edema could be dose-dependently reverted by XST treatment. XST could inhibit AQP1, 4 and 7 at mRNA levels or at protein levels, which was associated with the attenuation of myocardial edema and cardiac remodeling, decreasing the ventricular stiffness and improving the cardiac functions and rats' survival. AQPs is involved in cardiac edema composed one of the mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, XSTvia inhibition of AQPs relieved the Dox-induced side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Aquaporin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aquaporin 1/genetics
- Aquaporin 1/metabolism
- Aquaporin 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aquaporin 4/genetics
- Aquaporin 4/metabolism
- Aquaporins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aquaporins/genetics
- Aquaporins/metabolism
- Body Water/metabolism
- Capsules
- Cardiotoxicity
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxorubicin
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Edema, Cardiac/chemically induced
- Edema, Cardiac/metabolism
- Edema, Cardiac/pathology
- Edema, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Heart Failure/chemically induced
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Heart Failure/prevention & control
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Tan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; The Third People's Hospital affiliated to Fujian University of Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jianwei Zeng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Guangwen Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Liangpu Zheng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Meiya Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
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Lou L, Li C, Wang J, Wu A, Zhang T, Ma Z, Chai L, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Nie B, Jin Q, Chen H, Liu WJ. Yiqi Huoxue preserves heart function by upregulating the Sigma-1 receptor in rats with myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1308. [PMID: 34630662 PMCID: PMC8461621 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yiqi Huoxue (YQHX) is widely used in traditional Chinese medical practice due to its reported cardioprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying these effects of YQHX via the regulation of the Sigma-1 receptor. The Sigma-1 receptor is a chaperone protein located on the mitochondrion-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It serves an important role in heart function by regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and enhancing cellular bioenergetics. In the present study, male Sprague Dawley rats with myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure were used. MI rats were administered different treatments, including normal saline, YQHX and fluvoxamine, an agonist of the Sigma-1 receptor. Following four weeks of treatment, YQHX was revealed to improve heart function and attenuate myocardial hypertrophy in MI rats. Additionally, YQHX increased the ATP content and improved the mitochondrial ultrastructure in the heart tissues of MI rats in comparison with acontrol. Treatment was revealed to attenuate the decreased expression of the Sigma-1 receptor and increase the expression of inositol triphosphate type 2 receptors (IP3R2) in MI rats. By exposing H9c2 cells to angiotensin II (Ang II), YQHX prevented cell hypertrophy and normalized the decreased ATP content. However, these positive effects were partially inhibited when the Sigma-1 receptor was knocked down via small interfering RNA transfection. The results of the present study suggested that the Sigma-1 receptor serves an important role in the cardioprotective efficacy of YQHX by increasing ATP content and attenuating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou New District First People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730300, P.R. China
| | - Aiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Limin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yizhou Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Bo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qiushuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Huiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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QiShenYiQi Pill Improves Myocardial Hypertrophy Caused by Pressure Overload in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5536723. [PMID: 34221074 PMCID: PMC8225423 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5536723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-overloaded myocardial hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and even sudden death. It is reported that QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ) is widely used in the treatment of CVDs and can prevent pathological hypertrophy of myocardium, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was established through the pressure overload caused by abdominal aortic constriction in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into model group, valsartan group, and QSYQ group, and sham-operated animals served as the control group. At the 4 and 8 weeks of intervention, the general morphology of the heart, myocardial collagen content, collagen volume factor (CVF), collagen type I, collagen type III, myocardial pathological changes, and the expression of ANP, β-MHC, TGF-β1, and CTGF were analyzed, respectively, in order to explore the possible effect of QSYQ on the mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy. We observed that QSYQ could effectively improve myocardial hypertrophy in pressure-overloaded rats, which was related to the regulatory mechanism of TGF-β1 and CTGF.
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Lv S, Yuan P, Lu C, Dong J, Li M, Qu F, Zhu Y, Zhang J. QiShenYiQi pill activates autophagy to attenuate reactive myocardial fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5525-5538. [PMID: 33582656 PMCID: PMC7950250 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the dose-effect relationship of its intervention in the reactive myocardial fibrosis is elusive. In this work, rat models of reactive myocardial fibrosis induced by partial abdominal aortic coarctation were constructed and randomly classified into the model group, 3-methyladenine group, rapamycin group, QSYQ low-dose group, QSYQ medium-dose group, QSYQ high-dose group, and sham-operated rats (control group). We revealed that QSYQ lowered the heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) levels in a dose-dependent mechanism. Additionally, QSYQ increased the number of autophagosomes, and the expression of myocardial Beclin-1 and LC3B. In contrast, it reduced the expression of myocardial p62 and decreased the ratios of myocardial p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR. In conclusion, our results have revealed that QSYQ impacts anti-reactive myocardial fibrosis in a dose-dependent mechanism which is mediated by the activation of myocardial autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chunmiao Lu
- Jiashan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Health Center of Balitai Town, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Fan Qu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Lv S, Yuan P, Dong J, Lu C, Li M, Qu F, Zhu Y, Yuan Z, Zhang J. QiShenYiQi pill improves the reparative myocardial fibrosis by regulating autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11283-11293. [PMID: 32881330 PMCID: PMC7576289 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is well known for improving the myocardial remodelling, but the dose‐effect relationship of its intervention in the reparative myocardial fibrosis is still unclear. We investigated the effect of QSYQ on the reparative myocardial fibrosis in cardiac myosin‐induced rats and explored its mechanism of action by regulating autophagy. The results indicated that QSYQ increased LVEF and LVFS, and decreased the LVEDD, LVESD, HMI, LVMI, myocardial inflammation histology score, and collagen volume fraction in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, QSYQ declined the number of autophagosomes, down‐regulated the expression of myocardial Beclin‐1 and LC3B, up‐regulated the expression of myocardial p62 and increased the ratios of myocardial p‐PI3K/PI3K, p‐Akt/Akt and p‐mTOR/mTOR. We provided evidence for that QSYQ could inhibit excessive myocardial autophagy by regulating the PI3K/Akt‐mTOR pathway and can be a potential therapeutic approach in treating the cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Chunmiao Lu
- Jiashan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Qu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zishen Huoxue Recipe Protecting Mitochondrial Function of Hypoxic/Reoxygenated Myocardial Cells through mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8327307. [PMID: 32802135 PMCID: PMC7403935 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8327307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study focuses on the role of Zishen Huoxue Decoction (ZSHX) in reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the proportion of apoptosis through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Methods In our experiment, we first constructed an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of H9C2 cells. Then, the cells were divided into control group, model group (hypoxia/reoxygenation, H/R), ZSHX, ZSHX + Rapa, low-dose ZSHX (100 μg/ml), and middle-dose ZSHX. High-dose ZSHX (400 μg/ml) group was treated with Zishen Huoxue Decoction (ZSHX). Western Blot was used to detect the expression of cell-related protein and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the cell-related gene in each group. Flow cytometry was used to assay for ROS content and the apoptotic ratio of H9C2 cells, Seahorse Live Cell Energy Meter was used to detect the Mitochondrial Respiratory Function in H9C2 Cells, and confocal laser scanning was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential of H9C2 cells. Results Western Blot assay showed that the relative expression of mTOR and Raptor in the H/R group was significantly lower than that in the control group (n = 3, P < 0.05). The expression of mTOR and Raptor was upregulated and the relative expression of 4E-BP1 was downregulated in the middle- and high-dose ZSHX groups (n = 3, P < 0.05). In addition, the ROS content of H9C2 cells was detected by flow cytometry, showing the ROS synthesis in H/R group (78.31 + 6.14) higher than that in the control group (34.53 + 6.10) (n = 3, P < 0.01). The ROS value was increased significantly after rapamycin inhibited mTOR (66.18 (+4.03 vs. 52.31 (+6.01), n = 3, P < 0.05). The basal mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in H/R group were significantly lower than those in the control group (38.17 + 17.76); the mitochondrial leakage in H/R model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (H/R: 40.93 + 5.18 vs. Ctrl: 27.17 + 8.92, n = 4, P < 0.05). The apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in the H/R model group (70.91 + 4.57) was significantly higher than that in the control group (14.52 + 2.37, n = 3, P < 0.01), and Zishen Huoxue Decoction could decrease the apoptotic rate of hypoxic-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes (ZSHX: 18.24 + 4.17 vs. H/R: 78.91 + 3.48, n = 3, P < 0.01). Conclusion ZSHX Decoction has the effects of activating mTORC1, inhibiting the overexpression of 4E-BP1, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, protecting the respiratory function of mitochondria, reducing ROS and apoptosis, and thus protecting myocardial cells from injury.
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10
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Georgiadis N, Tsarouhas K, Rezaee R, Nepka H, Kass GEN, Dorne JLCM, Stagkos D, Toutouzas K, Spandidos DA, Kouretas D, Tsitsimpikou C. What is considered cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in animal studies. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:798-818. [PMID: 32705236 PMCID: PMC7388356 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are commonly used anticancer drugs with well-known and extensively studied cardiotoxic effects in humans. In the clinical setting guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity are well-established with important therapeutic implications. Cardiotoxicity in terms of impairment of cardiac function is largely diagnosed by echocardiography and based on objective metrics of cardiac function. Until this day, cardiotoxicity is not an endpoint in the current general toxicology and safety pharmacology preclinical studies, although other classes of drugs apart from anthracyclines, along with everyday chemicals have been shown to manifest cardiotoxic properties. Also, in the relevant literature there are not well-established objective criteria or reference values in order to uniformly characterize cardiotoxic adverse effects in animal models. This in depth review focuses on the evaluation of two important echocardiographic indices, namely ejection fraction and fractional shortening, in the literature concerning anthracycline administration to rats as the reference laboratory animal model. The analysis of the gathered data gives promising results and solid prospects for both, defining anthracycline cardiotoxicity objective values and delineating the guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity as a separate hazard class in animal preclinical studies for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9177948564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haritini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Stagkos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toutouzas
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Tsitsimpikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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11
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Lu L, Zhang Q, Zhu R, Wang W. A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 23:5115-5124. [PMID: 28950815 PMCID: PMC6340156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170925163427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and it is the end stage of sev-eral cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the management of heart failure for a long time. Only until recently, well-designed clinical trials have been put into practice to study the efficacies of Chinese herbs. Extensive studies have also been carried out to explore the under-lying mechanisms of pharmaceutical actions of Chinese herbs. In this study, we will summarize the frequently used Chinese herbs, formulae and patent Chinese drugs in treating patients with heart failure and review published clinical evaluations of Chinese herbs in treating cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which Chinese herbs exert cardio-protective effects will also be reviewed. In the end, we will point out the limitations of current studies and challenges facing modernization of traditional Chi-nese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linghui Lu
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Basic Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Huang R, Cui YC, Wei XH, Pan CS, Li Q, He SY, Fan JY, Han JY. A novel traditional Chinese medicine ameliorates fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via regulation of energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1378-H1388. [PMID: 30951366 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00731.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exercise and exercise training can adversely affect cardiac function in some individuals. QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ), which are a compound Chinese medicine, have been previously shown to improve pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We hypothesized that QSYQ can ameliorate as well the fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This study was to test this hypothesis and underlying mechanism with a focus on its role in energy regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish exercise adaptation and fatigue model on a motorized rodent treadmill. Echocardiographic analysis and heart function test were performed to assess heart systolic function. Food-intake weight/body weight and heart weight/body weight were assessed, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining of myocardium sections were performed. ATP synthase expression and activity and ATP, ADP, and AMP levels were assessed using Western blot and ELISA. Expression of proteins related to energy metabolism and IGF-1R signaling was determined using Western blot. QSYQ attenuated the food-intake weight/body weight decrease, improved myocardial structure and heart function, and restored the expression and distribution of myocardial connexin 43 after fatigue, concomitant with an increased ATP production and a restoration of metabolism-related protein expression. QSYQ upgraded the expression of IGF-1R, P-AMPK/AMPK, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, nuclear respiratory factor-1, P-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/PI3K, and P-Akt/Akt thereby attenuated the dysregulation of IGF-1R signaling after fatigue. QSYQ relieved fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy and enhanced heart function, which is correlated with its potential to improve energy metabolism by regulating IGF-1R signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prolonged exercise may impact some people leading to pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This study using an animal model of fatigue-induced cardiac hypertrophy provides evidence showing the potential of QiShenYiQi Pills, a novel traditional Chinese medicine, to prevent the cardiac adaptive hypertrophy from development to pathological hypertrophy and demonstrates that this effect is correlated with its capacity for regulating energy metabolism through interacting with insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan-Chen Cui
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wei
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Shu-Ya He
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China , Beijing , China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy , Beijing , China
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13
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Wang L, Wang L, Zhou X, Ruan G, Yang G. Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pills Ameliorates Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice via Enhancement of Cardiac Angiogenesis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2435-2444. [PMID: 30943187 PMCID: PMC6459050 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pills (QYDP) is a Chinese traditional medicine that has been applied to treat coronary heart disease and ischemic heart failure in China. However, few studies have explored whether QYDP exerted an effect on doxorubicin (Doxo)-induced cardiotoxicity. Hence, in this study we investigated the effect of QYDP on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (Doxo) and its potential mechanism. Material/Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (20–25 g, 8–10 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: Control group, QYDP group, Doxo group, and QYDP+Doxo group. The mice were intraperitoneal injected with Doxo weekly for 4 weeks to mimic the chronic toxicity. Four weeks after Doxo injection, echocardiography was applied to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) function, and the structure of the cardiac muscle fibers was analyzed with anti-actinin-2 antibody staining by immunofluorescence. Moreover, TUNEL staining and western blot analysis of Bax protein, Bcl-2 protein, and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels were conducted to explore whether QYDP exerted effect on cardiac apoptosis. In addition, Masson trichrome staining and western blot analysis of α-SMA protein expression levels were used to evaluate whether QYDP exerted an effect on cardiac fibrosis. Western blots and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to detect the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and mRNA levels in the myocardial tissue, and anti-CD31 antibody staining by immunohistochemistry was employed to explore whether QYDP exerted an effect on cardiac angiogenesis. Results QYDP effectively attenuated cardiac dysfunction and cardiac muscle fibers disruption in Doxo treated mice. Moreover, QYDP reduced myocardial apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis in Doxo treated mice, accompanied with elevated protein levels of VEGF and enhancement of myocardial microvessel density. Conclusions QYDP could protect against Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be closely associated with enhanced cardiac angiogenesis. Hence, QYDP could be a promising alternative for the treatment of Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Wang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Liyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Guoran Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Guangyong Yang
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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14
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Wu R, Yao PA, Wang HL, Gao Y, Yu HL, Wang L, Cui XH, Xu X, Gao JP. Effect of fermented Cordyceps sinensis on doxorubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3229-3241. [PMID: 30066944 PMCID: PMC6102656 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a prominent medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and fermented CS is frequently used as a substitute for natural CS. Doxorubicin (DOX), an antitumor drug used in chemotherapy, is limited by its poor cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of fermented CS against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the potential underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180–200 g) were randomly assigned to seven different treatment groups: Normal control, DOX control, DOX+captopril (0.05 g/kg), 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g/kg DOX+CS, and the CS (1.5 g/kg) control. Histopathological changes, cardiac energy metabolism, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and the associated mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were then evaluated. Fermented CS decreased the left ventricular weight index, heart weight index and mortality; however, it increased diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure. In addition, it shortened the duration of the QRS complex and Sα-T segment, decreased serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase activity, inhibited histopathological changes and reduced brain natriuretic peptide content. Treatment with fermented CS also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduced malondialdehyde content, increased the mitochondrial activities of Na+K+-adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) ase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase and CK, and increased the creatine phosphate/ATP ratio and AMP/ATP ratio. Furthermore, it decreased the ATP/adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) ratio, upregulated AMPKα2 expression, reduced the activity of serum phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and increased myocardial cAMP content. The results of the present study demonstrated that fermented CS attenuated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial damage, ameliorating systolic function and the antioxidant enzyme system, improving cardiac energy metabolism, depressing the activities of PDEs, and by upregulating the cAMP and AMPK signaling pathways. Thus, fermented CS may be a candidate for the prevention of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, cardiac energy impairment and against a number of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ping-An Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, He Y, Zhou S, Fan G, Yang H, Zhu Y, Li P. An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy for determining combinatorial bioactive ingredients of a compound herbal medicine Qishen Yiqi dripping pills. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:288-298. [PMID: 29572106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qishen Yiqi is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine formula with "qi invigorating and blood activating" property. Its dripping pill preparation (QSYQ) is a commercial herbal medicine approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2003 and is extensively used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart failure and angina pectoris, as well as for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. However, the bioactive ingredients of QSYQ remain unclear. As QSYQ is a compound herbal formula, it is of great importance to elucidate its pharmacologically active ingredients and underlying synergetic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This experimental study was conducted to comprehensively determine the combinatorial bioactive ingredients (CBIs) in QSYQ and to elucidate their potential synergetic effects. The established strategy may shed new light on how to rapidly determine CBIs in complex herbal formulas with holistic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was introduced and validated to determine CBIs in QSYQ. The strategy included the following steps: (1) Chemical ingredients in QSYQ were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS in the negative and positive modes and were identified by comparison with standard compounds and previously reported data. Their potential therapeutic activities were predicted based on the ChEMBL database to preliminarily search for candidate bioactive ingredients, and their combination was defined as the CBIs. (2) The CBIs were directly trapped and prepared from QSYQ with a two-dimensional chromatographic separation system, and the remaining part was defined as the rest ingredients (RIs). (3) As animal and cell models, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-induced heart failure in rats and hypoxia-induced cardiac myocyte injury in H9c2 cells were applied to compare the potency of QSYQ, CBIs and RIs. (4) The synergetic effects on cardiac myocyte protection of multiple ingredients in CBIs were examined in this cell model. RESULTS (1) Forty-three ingredients in QSYQ were identified via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on evidence-based screening using the ChEMBL database, 24 ingredients were predicted to be bioactive ingredients, and their combination was considered the CBIs. (2) The CBIs and RIs were successfully prepared according to a two-dimensional chromatographic system. The CBIs were directly trapped and knocked out from QSYQ by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The remaining part was used as RIs. (3) The results from pharmacological evaluation revealed that CBIs and QSYQ, but not RIs, significantly prevented myocardium injury; improved the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS); decreased the release of cardiac enzymes, including CK, CK-MB, and LDH; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction; and protected the cell nucleus number and mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, QSYQ and CBIs possessed similar potency. (4) In hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells, CBIs showed far greater potency regarding the protection of cardiac myocyte injury than the individual ingredients in QSYQ, exhibiting obvious synergetic effects. CONCLUSIONS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was successfully established and validated to determine CBIs from QSYQ with excellent efficiency. Importantly, the holistic property of QSYQ was retained in the CBIs. Hence, this study may shed new light on how to rapidly reveal combinatorial bioactive ingredients from complex prescriptions and will be greatly helpful in the establishment of an appropriate approach to quality control for herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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16
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Cui YC, Yan L, Pan CS, Hu BH, Chang X, Fan JY, Han JY. The Contribution of Different Components in QiShenYiQi Pills® to Its Potential to Modulate Energy Metabolism in Protection of Ischemic Myocardial Injury. Front Physiol 2018; 9:389. [PMID: 29755361 PMCID: PMC5932340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases remain a challenge for clinicians. QiShenYiQi pills® (QSYQ) has been reported to be curative during coronary heart diseases with modulation of energy metabolism as one of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we detected the effect of QSYQ and its components on rat myocardial structure, mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity and energy metabolism, and heart function after 30 min of cardiac ischemia, with focusing on the contribution of each component to its potential to regulate energy metabolism. Results showed that treatment with QSYQ and all its five components protected myocardial structure from damage by ischemia. QSYQ also attenuated release of myocardial cTnI, and restored the production of ATP after cardiac ischemia. AS-IV and Rb1, but not Rg1, R1, and DLA, had similar effect as QSYQ in regulation of energy metabolism. These results indicate that QSYQ may prevent ischemia-induced cardiac injury via regulation of energy metabolism, to which each of its components contributes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Cui
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-He Hu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Ruan G, Ren H, Zhang C, Zhu X, Xu C, Wang L. Cardioprotective Effects of QiShenYiQi Dripping Pills on Transverse Aortic Constriction-Induced Heart Failure in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:324. [PMID: 29666587 PMCID: PMC5891926 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
QiShenYiQi dripping pills (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, are commonly used to treat coronary heart disease, and QSYQ was recently approved as a complementary treatment for ischemic heart failure in China. However, only few studies reported on whether QSYQ exerts a protective effect on heart failure induced by pressure overload. In this study, we explored the role of QSYQ in a mouse model of heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Twenty-eight C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Sham + NS group, Sham + QSYQ group, TAC + NS group, and TAC + QSYQ group. QSYQ dissolved in normal saline (NS) was administered intragastrically (3.5 mg/100 g/day) in the Sham + QSYQ and TAC + QSYQ groups. In the Sham + NS and TAC + NS groups, NS was provided every day intragastrically. Eight weeks after TAC, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization were performed to evaluate the cardiac function, and immunofluorescent staining with anti-actinin2 antibody was performed to determine the structure of the myocardial fibers. Moreover, TUNEL staining and Masson trichrome staining were employed to assess the effects of QSYQ on cardiac apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Western blots and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to measure the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the heart, and immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD31 antibody was performed to explore the role of QSYQ in cardiac angiogenesis. Results showed that TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction and disrupted structure of myocardial fibers significantly improved after QSYQ treatment. Moreover, QSYQ treatment also significantly improved cardiac apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis in TAC-induced heart failure, which was accompanied by an increase in VEGF expression levels and maintenance of microvessel density in the heart. In conclusion, QSYQ exerts a protective effect on TAC-induced heart failure, which could be attributed to enhanced cardiac angiogenesis, which is closely related to QSYQ. Thus, QSYQ may be a promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of heart failure induced by pressure overload such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoran Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojin Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Yu J, Wang C, Kong Q, Wu X, Lu JJ, Chen X. Recent progress in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and protective potential of natural products. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 40:125-139. [PMID: 29496165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an anthracycline antibiotic, doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various types of solid tumors. Unfortunately, clinical application of this drug results in severe side effects of cardiotoxicity. PURPOSE We aim to review the research focused on elimination or reduction of DOX cardiotoxicity without affecting its anticancer efficacy by natural products. METHODS This study is based on pertinent papers that were retrieved by a selective search using relevant keywords in PubMed and ScienceDirect. The literature mainly focusing on natural products and herb extracts with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models both in vitro and in vivo was identified. RESULTS Current evidence revealed that multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress, iron metabolism, and inflammation, are associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Based on these knowledge, various strategies were proposed, and thousands of compounds were screened. A number of natural products and herb extracts demonstrated potency in limiting DOX cardiotoxicity toward cultured cells and experimental animal models. CONCLUSIONS Though a panel of natural products and herb extracts demonstrate protective effects on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in cells and animal models, their therapeutic potentials for clinical needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Changxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Qi Kong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, PR China.
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19
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Zhou L, Wei XH, Pan CS, Yan L, Gu YY, Sun K, Liu YY, Wang CS, Fan JY, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills, a Compound Chinese Medicine, Prevented Cisplatin Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Regulating Mitochondrial Function. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1090. [PMID: 29312001 PMCID: PMC5743021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a serious adverse effect of cisplatin chemotherapy that limits its clinical application, to deal with which no effective management is available so far. The present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ), a compound Chinese medicine, against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Pretreatment with QSYQ significantly attenuated the cisplatin induced increase in plasma urea and creatinine, along with the histological damage, such as tubular necrosis, protein cast, and desquamation of epithelial cells, improved the renal microcirculation disturbance as indicated by renal blood flow, microvascular flow velocity, and the number of adherent leukocytes. Additionally, QSYQ prevented mitochondrial dysfunction by preventing the cisplatin induced downregulation of mitochondrial complex activity and the expression of NDUFA10, ATP5D, and Sirt3. Meanwhile, the cisplatin-increased renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, caspase9, cleaved-caspase9, and cleaved-caspase3 were all diminished by QSYQ pretreatment. In summary, the pretreatment with QSYQ remarkably ameliorated the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in mice, possibly via the regulation of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wei
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yu Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Xu F, Li X, Xiao X, Liu LF, Zhang L, Lin PP, Zhang SL, Li QS. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:504-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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21
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Yu J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Fan G, Zhu Y. A critical courier role of volatile oils from Dalbergia odorifera for cardiac protection in vivo by QiShenYiQi. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7353. [PMID: 28779167 PMCID: PMC5544742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Component-based Chinese medicine (CCM) is derived from traditional Chinese medicine but produced with modern pharmaceutical standard and clearer clinical indications. However, it still faces challenges of defining individual component contribution in the complex formula. Using QiShenYiQi (QSYQ) as a model CCM, we investigated the role of Dalbergia odorifera (DO), an herbal component, in preventing myocardial damage. We showed that in vitro, QSYQ exerted considerable protective activities on cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction with or without DO. However, in isolated rat hearts, myocardial protection by QSYQ was significantly weakened without DO. In everted gut sac model, DO significantly enhanced absorption of the major QSYQ ingredients in different regions of rat intestine. Finally, in in vivo mouse model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial damage, only QSYQ, but not QiShenYiQi without DO (QSYQ-DO), exerted a full protection. Taken together, our results showed that instead of directly contributing to the myocardial protection, Dalbergia odorifera facilitates the major active ingredients absorption and increases their efficacy, eventually enhancing the in vivo potency of QSYQ. These findings may shed new lights on our understanding of the prescription compatibility theory, as well as the impacts of “courier herbs” in component-based Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Cui YC, Pan CS, Yan L, Li L, Hu BH, Chang X, Liu YY, Fan JY, Sun K, -Li Q, Han JY. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury via energy metabolism regulation mediated by RhoA signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44579. [PMID: 28327605 PMCID: PMC5361119 DOI: 10.1038/srep44579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a challenge for clinicians. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) has been reported to have the ability to attenuate I/R injury, but its effect on energy metabolism during cardiac I/R and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we detected the effect of Rb1 on rat myocardial blood flow, myocardial infarct size, cardiac function, velocity of venule red blood cell, myocardial structure and apoptosis, energy metabolism and change in RhoA signaling pathway during cardiac I/R injury. In addition, the binding affinity of RhoA to Rb1 was detected using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results showed that Rb1 treatment at 5 mg/kg/h protected all the cardiac injuries induced by I/R, including damaged myocardial structure, decrease in myocardial blood flow, impaired heart function and microcirculation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial infarction and release of myocardial cTnI. Rb1 also inhibited the activation of RhoA signaling pathway and restored the production of ATP during cardiac I/R. Moreover, SPR assay showed that Rb1 was able to bind to RhoA in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that Rb1 may prevent I/R-induced cardiac injury by regulation of RhoA signaling pathway, and may serve as a potential regime to improve percutaneous coronary intervention outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Cui
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bai-He Hu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Quan -Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Lv SC, Wu M, Li M, Wang Q, Wang XJ, Zhang A, Xu L, Zhang JP. Effect of QiShenYiQi pill on myocardial collagen metabolism in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:894-901. [PMID: 28178619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ) on myocardial collagen metabolism in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats, and to explore its mechanism of action. METHODS Lewis rats underwent the injection of myocardial myosin mixed with freund's complete adjuvant were randomized into three groups: model, valsartan and QSYQ groups. And we treated rats which were injected phosphate buffered saline (PBS) mixed with freund's complete adjuvant as control group. Rats were intervened and euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks. We use alkaline hydrolysis to detect the content of myocardial hydroxyproline (HYP), and ELISA to detect the level of serum procollagen type I carboxyterminal peptide (PICP), procollagen type III amino-terminal peptide (PIIINP), and collagen C telopeptide type I (CTX-I). Myocardial MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and myocardial MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA expression was detected by real-time qPCR. RESULTS QSYQ reduced the content of myocardial HYP, and this reduction was greater over time. QSYQ also reduced the serum concentration of PICP, PIIINP, CTX-I and the PICP/PIIINP ratio, which further reduced over time, whereas its effect on lowering PICP was significantly greater than that of valsartan at 4 and 8 weeks, and lowering CTX-I was significantly greater than that of valsartan at 8 weeks. In addition, after 4 weeks, QSYQ enhanced the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1, and its effect on highering TIMP-1 was significantly greater than that of valsartan, whereas there was no significant difference in the expression of myocardial MMP-1 or TIMP-1 at 8 weeks. QSYQ reduced the ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1, which further reduced over time, and the effect of QYSQ was significantly greater than that of valsartan after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that QSYQ can reduce the rate of myocardial collagen synthesis and degradation. It also effectively improved the degree of myocardial fibrosis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats and it had a tendency to have a greater effect with longer treatment duration, which is related to the mechanism of regulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression in the myocardial rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Lv
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Meng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 312 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, 314 An Shan Xi Road, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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24
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Lv S, Wu M, Li M, Wang Q, Xu L, Wang X, Zhang J. Effect and Mechanism of QiShenYiQi Pill on Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:752-6. [PMID: 26946470 PMCID: PMC4784548 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To observe the effect of QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ) on experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats, and to explore its mechanism of action. Material/methods Lewis rats underwent the injection of myocardial myosin mixed with Freund’s complete adjuvant were randomized into 3 groups: model, valsartan, and QSYQ groups. Rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) mixed with Freund’s complete adjuvant were used as the control group. Rats were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks, and we weighed rat body mass, heart mass, and left ventricular mass. Myocardium sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome. Myocardial TGF-β1 and CTGF protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and myocardial TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expression was detected by real-time qPCR. Results QSYQ reduced HMI and LVMI, as well as the histological score of hearts and CVF, which further decreased over time, and its effect was significantly greater than that of valsartan at 4 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, QSYQ inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF, and its effect on lowering CTGF was significantly greater than that of valsartan. In addition, after 8 weeks, QSYQ also inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of CTGF, whereas there was no significant difference in the expression of myocardial TGF-β1. Conclusions This study provides evidence that QSYQ can improve cardiac remodeling of experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats. It also effectively improved the degree of myocardial fibrosis, which is related to the mechanism of regulation of TGF-β1 CTGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lv
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Meifang Wu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Junping Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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25
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Liu Z, Guo F, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang X, Li H, Diao L, Gu J, Wang W, Li D, He F. BATMAN-TCM: a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21146. [PMID: 26879404 PMCID: PMC4754750 DOI: 10.1038/srep21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with a history of thousands of years of clinical practice, is gaining more and more attention and application worldwide. And TCM-based new drug development, especially for the treatment of complex diseases is promising. However, owing to the TCM's diverse ingredients and their complex interaction with human body, it is still quite difficult to uncover its molecular mechanism, which greatly hinders the TCM modernization and internationalization. Here we developed the first online Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM). Its main functions include 1) TCM ingredients' target prediction; 2) functional analyses of targets including biological pathway, Gene Ontology functional term and disease enrichment analyses; 3) the visualization of ingredient-target-pathway/disease association network and KEGG biological pathway with highlighted targets; 4) comparison analysis of multiple TCMs. Finally, we applied BATMAN-TCM to Qishen Yiqi dripping Pill (QSYQ) and combined with subsequent experimental validation to reveal the functions of renin-angiotensin system responsible for QSYQ's cardioprotective effects for the first time. BATMAN-TCM will contribute to the understanding of the "multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway" combinational therapeutic mechanism of TCM, and provide valuable clues for subsequent experimental validation, accelerating the elucidation of TCM's molecular mechanism. BATMAN-TCM is available at http://bionet.ncpsb.org/batman-tcm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Beijing Genestone Technology Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Beijing Genestone Technology Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lihong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Material Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
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26
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Yuan H, Zhang Q, Guo J, Zhang T, Zhao J, Li J, White A, Carmichael PL, Westmoreland C, Peng S. A PGC-1α-Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Human Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C. Toxicol Sci 2016; 150:400-17. [PMID: 26781513 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical toxicity testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-basedin vitroassays anchored on toxicity pathways according to the toxicity testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used doxorubicin (DOX) as a prototype chemical to study mitochondrial toxicity in human AC16 cells. Mitochondrial toxicity has been linked to cardiovascular risk of DOX, which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Ourin vitrostudy revealed a well-defined POD concentration of DOX below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including NRF-1, MnSOD, UCP2, and COX1, concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial superoxide and cytotoxicity. At higher DOX concentrations adversity became significant with elevated superoxide and suppressed ATP levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the PGC-1α-mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of PGC-1α-mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing PGC-1α compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and cytotoxicity at lower DOX concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focusedin vitroassays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; and
| | - Jiabin Guo
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Tingfen Zhang
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jin Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Carl Westmoreland
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Center, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- *Evaluation and Research Centre for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China;
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Chen YY, Li Q, Pan CS, Yan L, Fan JY, He K, Sun K, Liu YY, Chen QF, Bai Y, Wang CS, He B, Lv AP, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills, a compound in Chinese medicine, protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy through a multi-component and multi-target mode. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11802. [PMID: 26136154 PMCID: PMC4488877 DOI: 10.1038/srep11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the holistic mechanism for the antihypertrophic effect of a compound in Chinese medicine, QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) and the contributions of its components to the effect in rats with cardiac hypertrophy (CH). After induction of CH by ascending aortic stenosis, rats were treated with QSYQ, each identified active ingredient (astragaloside IV, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid or notoginsenoside R1) from its 3 major herb components or dalbergia odorifera, either alone or combinations, for 1 month. QSYQ markedly attenuated CH, as evidenced by echocardiography, morphology and biochemistry. Proteomic analysis and western blot showed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins in the heart of QSYQ-treated rats were associated with energy metabolism or oxidative stress. Each ingredient alone or their combinations exhibited similar effects as QSYQ but to a lesser extent and differently with astragaloside IV and notoginsenoside R1 being more effective for enhancing energy metabolism, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid more effective for counteracting oxidative stress while dalbergia odorifera having little effect on the variables evaluated. In conclusion, QSYQ exerts a more potent antihypertrophic effect than any of its ingredients or their combinations, due to the interaction of its active components through a multi-component and multi-target mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Li
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ke He
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- 1] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [2] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Fang Chen
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptide, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-She Wang
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bing He
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lv
- The School of Chinese Medicine of Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- 1] Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China [2] Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China [3] Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China [4] Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Beijing, China
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Chen JR, Wei J, Wang LY, Zhu Y, Li L, Olunga MA, Gao XM, Fan GW. Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury by QiShenYiQi Pill® via ameliorate of multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3051-66. [PMID: 26109848 PMCID: PMC4474392 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of QiShenYiQi Pill® (QSYQ) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through antioxidative stress and mitochondrial protection. Methods and results Sprague Dawley rats were pretreated with QSYQ or saline for 7 days and subjected to ischemia (30 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery) and reperfusion (120 minutes). Cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiogram and hemodynamics. Myocardial mitochondria were obtained to evaluate changes in mitochondrial structure and function, immediately after 120 minutes reperfusion. Pretreatment with QSYQ protected against I/R-induced myocardial structural injury and improved cardiac hemodynamics, as demonstrated by normalized serum creatine kinase and suppressed oxidative stress. Moreover, the impaired myocardial mitochondrial structure and function decreased level of ATP (accompanied by reduction of ATP5D and increase in the expression of cytochrome C). Myocardial fiber rupture, interstitial edema, and infiltrated leukocytes were all significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with QSYQ. Conclusion Pretreatment of QSYQ in Sprague Dawley rats improves ventricular function and energy metabolism and reduces oxidative stress via ameliorating multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions during I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Rui Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mary Akinyi Olunga
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Cyclovirobuxine D Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Suppression of Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Biogenesis Impairment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:151972. [PMID: 26075032 PMCID: PMC4446494 DOI: 10.1155/2015/151972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is compromised by its cardiac toxic effect. Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is a steroid alkaloid extracted from a traditional Chinese
medicine, Buxus microphylla. Our results showed that CVB-D pretreatment markedly attenuated DOX-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and histological alterations. By using TUNEL assay and western blot analysis, we found that CVB-D pretreatment reduced DOX-induced apoptosis of myocardial cells and
mitochondrial cytochrome c release to cytosol. CVB-D pretreatment ameliorated DOX-induced cardiac oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and a decrease in the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Moreover, CVB-D was found to prevent DOX-induced mitochondrial biogenesis impairment as evidenced by preservation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), as well as mitochondrial DNA copy number. These findings demonstrate that CVB-D protects against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, at least in part, by suppression of oxidative damage and mitochondrial biogenesis impairment.
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Effect of QiShenYiQi Pill on Myocardial Collagen Metabolism in Rats with Partial Abdominal Aortic Coarctation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:415068. [PMID: 25861361 PMCID: PMC4377429 DOI: 10.1155/2015/415068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of QiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ)
on myocardial collagen metabolism in rats with partial abdominal aortic coarctation
and explored its mechanism of action. A series of assays were used to detect the
effect and mechanism of QSYQ on systolic blood pressure, heart mass index, left
ventricle mass index, HYP, expression of PICP, PIIINT, and CTX-I in serum, MMP-1,
and TIMP-1 expression in myocardium. We observed that QSYQ can reduce the rate
of myocardial collagen synthesis and increase the rate of myocardial collagen
degradation. It also effectively improved the degree of myocardial fibrosis in partial
abdominal aortic rats and it had a tendency to have a greater effect with longer
treatment duration, which is related to the mechanism of regulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression in the myocardial rat.
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Zhang S, Tang F, Yang Y, Lu M, Luan A, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang H. Astragaloside IV protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118759. [PMID: 25738576 PMCID: PMC4349820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Astragaloside IV (ASIV), a major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge protects against cardiac hypertrophy in rats induced by isoproterenol (Iso), however the mechanism underlying the protection remains unknown. Dysfunction of cardiac energy biosynthesis contributes to the hypertrophy and Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB)/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling gets involved in the dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which ASIV improves the cardiac hypertrophy with focuses on the NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with Iso alone or in combination with ASIV. The results showed that combination with ASIV significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight and Left ventricular weight/body weight, improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA expression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of Free Fat Acid (FFA) in heart tissue of rats compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with ASIV significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA expression of ANP and BNP, increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, ASIV increased the protein expression of ATP5D, subunit of ATP synthase and PGC-1α, inhibited translocation of p65, subunit of NF-κB into nuclear fraction in both rats and NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Parthenolide (Par), the specific inhibitor of p65, exerted similar effects as ASIV in NRVMs. Knockdown of p65 with siRNA decreased the surface areas and increased PGC-1α expression of NRVMs compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that ASIV protects against Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Aina Luan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Feng L, Fu S, Du W, Wang B, Li L, Zhu M, Liu C, Zhang J. Validation and application of an rapid HPLC-MS method for the determination of salvianic acid A in human plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:771-7. [PMID: 25253802 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of salvianic acid A in plasma of Chinese healthy subjects after oral administration of Qishenyiqi dropping pills. After liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, salvianic acid A was chromatographed on a Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of water (0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min. The detection was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using the transitions of m/z 196.9→134.8 and m/z 320.9→151.9 for salvianic acid A and chloroamphenicol, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 0.50-500 ng/mL using only 100 μL of plasma and the lower limit of quantification was 0.50 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (in terms of % RSD) were all <15% and the accuracies (in terms of % RE) were within the range of±15%, and recoveries were between 85.0 and 115%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of Qishenyiqi dropping pills in Chinese healthy subjects. After oral administration, Tmax and Cmax values were 1.33 ± 0.52 h and 21.1 ± 3.92 ng/mL, respectively. Plasma concentrations declined with t1/2Z of 1.76 ± 0.33 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Feng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Faculty of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wuxun Du
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Tianjin Public Security Hospital, Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Mingdan Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine of Cardiovascular Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
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