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Oura K, Tanaka M, Matsumoto K, Satake R, Inoue M, Yoshida Y, Wakabayashi W, Hasegawa S, Iwata M, Suzuki T, Maezawa M, Nakao S, Liao J, Iguchi K, Nakamura M. Analysis of drug-induced interstitial lung disease caused by herbal medicine using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38486172 PMCID: PMC10938654 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) is a severe adverse event leading to morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the adverse event indicators of DIILD and time-to-onset profiles following the daily intake of herbal drugs (Scutellariae radix ["ogon" in Japanese], Bupleuri radix ["saiko" in Japanese], and Pinelliae tuber ["hange" in Japanese]) using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. DIILD was defined in accordance with the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. METHODS The Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database contained 830,079 reports published between April 2004 and April 2023. The association between herbal medicines and DILLD was evaluated using the pharmacovigilance index as the reporting odds ratio (ROR), logistic regression models, propensity score-matching techniques, and Weibull shape parameters. RESULTS The adjusted RORs using multivariate logistic regression models for Scutellariae radix (daily intake), Pinelliae tuber (daily intake), sex (male), age (≥ 60 years), Scutellariae radix (daily intake)*age (≥ 60 years), and Scutellariae radix (daily intake)* Pinelliae tuber (daily intake) were 1.47 (1.36 - 1.59), 1.05 (1.01 - 1.10), 1.45 (1.34 - 1.57), 1.92 (1.74 - 2.11), 3.35 (3.12 - 3.60), and 1.49 (1.46 - 1.53), respectively. DIILD onset profiles were evaluated using the Weibull shape parameter. A logistic plot of daily intake and onset of DIILD was drawn. ROR signals were detected in 32 of 54 herbal medicines, including Scutellariae radix, Bupleuri radix, and Pinelliae tuber. The median duration (days) (interquartile range) to DIILD onset was 36.0 (27.0-63.0) for Saikokaryukotsuboreito, 35.0 (21.0-55.0) for Saireito, and 31.0 (13.5-67.5) for Shosaikoto. The Weibull shape parameter beta (95% confidence interval) values for Saikokaryukotsuboreito, Saireito, and Shosaikoto were 1.36 (1.08-1.67), 1.36 (1.20-1.52), and 1.31 (0.98-1.68), respectively. CONCLUSIONS DIILD demonstrated a dose-dependent to crude drugs. Clinicians should strive for the early detection of DIILD and avoid the inadvertent administration of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Oura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kiyoka Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Riko Satake
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Misaki Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yu Yoshida
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Wataru Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shiori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
- Kaneichi Pharmaceutical, Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Iwata
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
- Kifune Pharmacy, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
- Gifu Prefectural Government, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mika Maezawa
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakao
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Information Science and Information System, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kazuhiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Community Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Yamana H, Okada A, Ono S, Michihata N, Jo T, Yasunaga H. Machine Learning-based Models for Outpatient Prescription of Kampo Formulations: An Analysis of a Health Insurance Claims Database. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:8-15. [PMID: 36642513 PMCID: PMC10701253 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread practice of Japanese traditional Kampo medicine, the characteristics of patients receiving various Kampo formulations have not been documented in detail. We applied a machine learning model to a health insurance claims database to identify the factors associated with the use of Kampo formulations. METHODS A 10% sample of enrollees of the JMDC Claims Database in 2018 and 2019 was used to create the training and testing sets, respectively. Logistic regression analyses with lasso regularization were performed in the training set to construct models with prescriptions of 10 commonly used Kampo formulations in 1 year as the dependent variable and data of the preceding year as independent variables. Models were applied to the testing set to calculate the C-statistics. Additionally, the performance of simplified scores using 10 or 5 variables were evaluated. RESULTS There were 338,924 and 399,174 enrollees in the training and testing sets, respectively. The commonly prescribed Kampo formulations included kakkonto, bakumondoto, and shoseityuto. Based on the lasso models, the C-statistics ranged from 0.643 (maoto) to 0.888 (tokishakuyakusan). The models identified both the common determinants of different Kampo formulations and the specific characteristics associated with particular Kampo formulations. The simplified scores were slightly inferior to full models. CONCLUSION Lasso regression models showed good performance for explaining various Kampo prescriptions from claims data. The models identified the characteristics associated with Kampo formulation use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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Shi Z, Takeuchi T, Nakanishi Y, Kato T, Beck K, Nagata R, Kageyama T, Ito A, Ohno H, Satoh-Takayama N. A Japanese Herbal Formula, Daikenchuto, Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Reshaping Microbial Profiles and Enhancing Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903459. [PMID: 35720414 PMCID: PMC9201393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daikenchuto (DKT) is one of the most widely used Japanese herbal formulae for various gastrointestinal disorders. It consists of Zanthoxylum Fructus (Japanese pepper), Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma (processed ginger), Ginseng radix, and maltose powder. However, the use of DKT in clinical settings is still controversial due to the limited molecular evidence and largely unknown therapeutic effects. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory actions of DKT in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice. We observed that DKT remarkably attenuated the severity of experimental colitis while maintaining the members of the symbiotic microbiota such as family Lactobacillaceae and increasing levels of propionate, an immunomodulatory microbial metabolite, in the colon. DKT also protected colonic epithelial integrity by upregulating the fucosyltransferase gene Fut2 and the antimicrobial peptide gene Reg3g. More remarkably, DKT restored the reduced colonic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), mainly RORγthigh-ILC3s, in DSS-induced colitis. We further demonstrated that ILC3-deficient mice showed increased mortality during experimental colitis, suggesting that ILC3s play a protective function on colonic inflammation. These findings demonstrate that DKT possesses anti-inflammatory activity, partly via ILC3 function, to maintain the colonic microenvironment. Our study also provides insights into the molecular basis of herbal medicine effects, promotes more profound mechanistic studies towards herbal formulae and contributes to future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Shi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katharina Beck
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ritsu Nagata
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kageyama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Amitani M, Amitani H, Suzuki H, Kawazu S, Mizuma K, Yamaguchi K, Oki T, Nitta H, Sonoda T, Kawano K, Tanaka Y, Uto N, Ibusuki R, Arita R, Takayama S, Mitsuma T, Takezaki T, Asakawa A, Owaki T. Application of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the evaluation of Kampo medicine training. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:202. [PMID: 35337317 PMCID: PMC8957151 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop an objective, content-valid, and reliable assessment method for Kampo medicine using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the assessment of clinical competence in Kampo medicine. METHODS We developed a blueprint followed by a list of 47 assessment items and three task scenarios related to clinical competence in Kampo medicine. An eight-member test committee checked the relevance of the assessment items on a Likert scale. We calculated a content validity index and content validity ratio, and used the Angoff method to set the passing threshold. We trained a total of nine simulated patients with three assigned to each scenario. We conducted an OSCE for 11 candidates with varying medical abilities, and conducted three stations per person, which were evaluated by one evaluator in one room by direct observation. We used video recordings to test the inter-rater reliability of the three raters. We used the test results to verify the reliability of the assessment chart. RESULTS The inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,1]) was 0.973. The reliability of the assessment chart for each scenario (Cronbach's α) was 0.86, 0.89, and 0.85 for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The reliability of the assessment chart for the whole OSCE (Cronbach's α) was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS We developed a content-valid new OSCE assessment method for Kampo medicine and obtained high inter-rater and test reliabilities. Our findings suggest that this is one of the most reliable evaluation methods for assessing clinical competence in Kampo medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amitani
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawazu
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Mizuma
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Oki
- Division of Reproductive Health Nursing, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nitta
- Nagashima-Cho National Health Insurance Dental Clinic, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Sonoda
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawano
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nanami Uto
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Mitsuma
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Owaki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
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Suzuki S, Obara T, Ishikawa T, Noda A, Matsuzaki F, Arita R, Ohsawa M, Mano N, Kikuchi A, Takayama S, Ishii T. Prescription of Kampo Formulations for Pre-natal and Post-partum Women in Japan: Data From an Administrative Health Database. Front Nutr 2021; 8:762895. [PMID: 34869533 PMCID: PMC8633842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.762895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines are often prescribed for women in Japan before, during, and after pregnancy. However, detailed information on the actual frequency of use and safety of Kampo preparations during pregnancy is lacking. Aim: To investigate the frequency of prescription of Kampo medicines for pregnant women in Japan. Methods: Information on Kampo medicines prescribed during outpatient care and hospitalization of selected mothers from January 2005 to August 2016 were extracted from the Japan Medical Data Center (Tokyo, Japan), which is a large claims database. Results: Of the 33,941 subscribers identified from the database, 16,294 (48%) received at least one prescription of a Kampo medicine. Kakkonto was the formula most prescribed during the study period, followed by shoseiryuto and tokishakuyakusan. In the 180 days before pregnancy, the most prescribed medicine was tokishakuyakusan, followed by kakkonto and shoseiryuto. Shoseiryuto, tokishakuyakusan, and kakkonnto were the formulae most prescribed during pregnancy. The most prescribed medicines during the 180 days postpartum were kakkonto, shoseiryuto, and saireito. Conclusions: Information in the Japanese insurance system shows that Kampo medicines are often prescribed during pregnancy. Most of these prescriptions are generally used for the treatment of common cold. Tokishakuyakusan in particular is usually used in the treatment of various symptoms of pregnancy. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between the use of Kampo medicines during pregnancy and adverse events in infants in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsuzaki
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Ohsawa
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kikuchi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Ito A, Watanabe K, Fukuzawa Y, Mitani K, Fujimoto S, Matsuda T, Sugiyama K, Kitamura K, Ban N. Development of Kampo(traditional Japanese medicine)e-learning program: evaluation of the flipped classroom for medical students. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2021; 26:1938504. [PMID: 34134610 PMCID: PMC8676632 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2021.1938504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In May 2019, the World Health Assembly, in an unprecedented move, endorsed the inclusion of traditional medicine in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision. In Japan, traditional medicine (known as Kampo) is regulated by the government and prescribed by over 90% of physicians along with modern medicine under the national health insurance system. Although Kampo education must be included in Japan's core medical curricula, there are significant challenges to implementation. In the educational context, the flipped classroom teaching method has received considerable attention in recent years. This study developed a Kampo e-learning program and verified the effectiveness of a flipped classroom using Kampo e-learning. The Kampo e-learning Committee determined three courses and assigned an administrator for each. The administrators appointed lecturers who developed Kampo e-learning lessons. Physicians, pharmacists, medical students, and pharmacy students were asked to participate in the e-learning program, and their comments and suggestions were collected after program completion. The flipped classroom was evaluated by implementing Kampo e-learning in the Kampo session with fourth-year students at Keio University School of Medicine in Japan. Seven courses were created, including four based on volunteer suggestions. The 'Systematic Kampo Curricula' featured 88 lessons developed by 54 Kampo specialists. Out of 118 fourth-year medical students who participated in the flipped classroom, 113 registered for the Kampo e-learning program, 100 attended the session, and 88 answered the post-session questionnaire. Among the students who answered the questionnaire, 86.4% were satisfied with the flipped classroom, 79.5% replied that the program made them understand Kampo and 80.7% stated that it should be adopted. The flipped classroom using Kampo e-learning program was shown to be attractive in one medical school. Further expanded study is necessary in the near future to reveal the usefulness of the flipped classroom of Kampo learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ito
- Human Resources Development and Training Department, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukuzawa
- Aichi Medical Preemptive and Integrative Medicine Center (AMPIMEC, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yamatokashihara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsuda
- Division of General Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kitamura
- Institute of Community Medicine, Japan Association for Development of Community Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaro Ban
- Medical Education Center, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Ota K, Yokoyama H, Fujii K, Nakamura E, Oka M, Ota K, Sano Y, Takasu A. Severe hypokalemia due to Kampo medicine (Shakuyakukanzoto): A report of two cases. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Jansen C, Baker JD, Kodaira E, Ang L, Bacani AJ, Aldan JT, Shimoda LMN, Salameh M, Small-Howard AL, Stokes AJ, Turner H, Adra CN. Medicine in motion: Opportunities, challenges and data analytics-based solutions for traditional medicine integration into western medical practice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113477. [PMID: 33098971 PMCID: PMC7577282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional pharmacopeias have been developed by multiple cultures and evaluated for efficacy and safety through both historical/empirical iteration and more recently through controlled studies using Western scientific paradigms and an increasing emphasis on data science methodologies for network pharmacology. Traditional medicines represent likely sources of relatively inexpensive drugs for symptomatic management as well as potential libraries of new therapeutic approaches. Leveraging this potential requires hard evidence for efficacy that separates science from pseudoscience. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a review of non-Western medical systems and developed case studies that illustrate the epistemological and practical translative barriers that hamper their transition to integration with Western approaches. We developed a new data analytics approach, in silico convergence analysis, to deconvolve modes of action, and potentially predict desirable components of TM-derived formulations based on computational consensus analysis across cultures and medical systems. RESULTS Abstraction, simplification and altered dose and delivery modalities were identified as factors that influence actual and perceived efficacy once a medicine is moved from a non-Western to Western setting. Case studies on these factors highlighted issues with translation between non-Western and Western epistemologies, including those where epistemological and medicinal systems drive markets that can be epicenters for zoonoses such as the novel Coronavirus. The proposed novel data science approach demonstrated the ability to identify and predict desirable medicinal components for a test indication, pain. CONCLUSIONS Relegation of traditional therapies to the relatively unregulated nutraceutical industry may lead healthcare providers and patients to underestimate the therapeutic potential of these medicines. We suggest three areas of emphasis for this field: First, vertical integration and embedding of traditional medicines into healthcare systems would subject them to appropriate regulation and evidence-based practice, as viable integrative implementation mode. Second, we offer a new Bradford-Hill-like framework for setting research priorities and evaluating efficacy, with the goal of rescuing potentially valuable therapies from the nutraceutical market and discrediting those that are pseudoscience. Third, data analytics pipelines offer new capacity to generate new types of TMS-inspired medicines that are rationally-designed based on integrated knowledge across cultures, and also provide an evaluative framework against which to test claims of fidelity and efficacy to TMS made for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J D Baker
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - E Kodaira
- Medicinal Plant Garden, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - L Ang
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - A J Bacani
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J T Aldan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - L M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - M Salameh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | | | - A J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Hawai'i Data Science Institute, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C N Adra
- The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kim H, Choi JY, Hong M, Suh HS. Traditional medicine for the treatment of common cold in Korean adults: A nationwide population-based study. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100458. [PMID: 32913704 PMCID: PMC7473881 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional medicines (TMs) have been used to treat common cold in Asia, but no studies have been conducted to examine the trend of use for several years. The objective of this study was to analyze the prescription patterns of TMs for common cold using national claims data accrued over 7 years in Korea. This will contribute to the scientific evidence enhancing the understanding of TM use for the treatment of common cold. METHODS This study analyzed national claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We extracted data for diagnosis of common cold (Korean Standard Classification of Diseases: J00, Acute nasopharyngitis) and prescriptions of TMs for adults who visited all types of oriental medical institutions during 2010-2016. We estimated the prescription patterns of TMs by sex, age group, and year. RESULTS We extracted 3,014,428 prescriptions. The total number of prescriptions increased by 125.1% in 2016 compared to that in 2010. For all ages and periods, the number of prescriptions in women was higher than that in men. The age range with the most prescriptions was 70-79 years. The seven most prescribed TMs for common cold were Socheongnyongtang, Samso-eum, Yeongyopaedoksan, Insampaedoksan, Gumigohwaltang, Galgeuntang, and Hyeonggae-yeongyotang. CONCLUSION This was the first study to analyze the prescription patterns of TMs for common cold using National Health Insurance data in Korea. This study provides scientific evidences on the disease burden and the utilization pattern of TMs for common cold to support decision making on initiatives such as allocation and management of health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungtae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Minna Hong
- National Clinical Research Center for Korean Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- The Graduate School of Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hae Sun Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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11
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Abstract
Objective Kampo is a traditional Japanese medicine using formulae of natural agents. Although Kampo is widely practiced, information regarding the current prescriptions of Kampo formulations is lacking. The aim of the study was to describe the outpatient use of Kampo formulations in the current Japanese health insurance system. Methods From the JMDC Claims Database, we identified subscribers with outpatient prescriptions of Kampo extract formulations between April 2017 and March 2018. Prescription records were summarized at the individual level to describe the pattern of each formula's use, such as the frequency of prescription and the number of days within a year that were covered by the prescriptions. We also examined whether or not Kampo formulations were prescribed in combination with other drugs. Results Of the 4.5 million subscribers, 13.5% received prescriptions of Kampo extracts within 1 year, and 54% of Kampo users were women. The most commonly prescribed Kampo formulae included kakkonto, shoseiryuto, and maoto, which were used for the short term covering a median of 5 to 7 days. There were also several formulae that were prescribed for longer periods. The median numbers of days covered by kamishoyosan and keishibukuryogan were 60 and 56, respectively. Kampo formulations were used in combination with Western drugs in 85% of prescriptions. Conclusion Kampo formulations are commonly prescribed under the Japanese insurance system and are frequently used in combination with Western drugs. The pattern of prescriptions varied across different formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yamana
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Shii T, Kuroda M, Shamoto N, Mimaki Y. [An analysis of the ingredients in decoctions and extracts of Kampo medicines: Amounts of baicalin and baicalein in Kampo medicines containing Scutellariae Radix]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2020; 57:72-80. [PMID: 32074563 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.57.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Kampo medicines containing Scutellariae Radix (the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; SR) sometimes cause serious adverse effects, including interstitial pneumonia and liver dysfunction. Baicalin (BL) is the major active component of SR and is presumed to be responsible for the adverse effects. We analyzed the amounts of BL in Kampo medicines to better understand how they can be used safely. METHODS We determined the amounts of BL in 28 Kampo decoctions containing SR (recommended daily dose: 1.5-4 g/day) and corresponding Kampo extract products by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The amounts of BL in the Kampo decoctions were 1.7-4.0-fold higher than those of the corresponding Kampo extract products. Inter-product variations in the amounts of BL in Shosaikoto, Otsujito, Daisaikoto, Saibokuto, Orengedokuto, and Saireito Kampo extracts from various companies were also examined. Significant differences in the amounts of BL were observed for Shosaikoto, Otsujito, Daisaikoto, and Saibokuto extract products (up to 2.6, 1.6, 1.5, and 1.3-fold differences, respectively), whereas no significant differences were observed for Orengedokuto and Saireito extract products. CONCLUSIONS Because the Kampo decoctions containing SR that we examined contained 1.7-4.0 times as much BL as the corresponding Kampo extract products, medical doctors and pharmacists should be aware that Kampo decoctions containing SR might cause more severe side effects than corresponding Kampo extract products. Furthermore, we recommend that the amounts of BL and its aglycone, baicalein (BA), in Kampo extract products be made known to practitioners and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shii
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences.,Department of Pharmacy, Kitasato University Hospital
| | - Minpei Kuroda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Noriko Shamoto
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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13
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Abstract
Kampo, a branch of traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been the backbone of Japanese medicine for more than 1500 years. The health insurance system in Japan allows patients to access both Western and Kampo medical care at the same time in the same medical institution. Kampo has been used for the treatment of not only acute but also chronic pain in Japan. In this review, we will elaborate on the short history of Kampo, its basic concepts, and use for the treatment of pain.
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14
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Han K, Kwon O, Jung SY, Park IH, Hwang MS, Park SY, Hwang EH, Lee JH. Jakyakgamcho-tang in the relief of delayed-onset muscle soreness in healthy adults: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial. Trials 2020; 21:211. [PMID: 32085792 PMCID: PMC7035661 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle soreness after exercise, called delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), may cause significant changes in muscle function and may increase the risk of sports injuries. Therefore, various therapeutic strategies have been studied to help recovery after exercise. Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) is a widely prescribed herbal medicine to treat muscle pain and cramps in traditional Eastern medicine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of JGT for reducing pain and improving muscle damage after exercise. Methods This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial. A total of 30 healthy male adults will be recruited. Subjects who voluntarily wish to participate in this study will be hospitalized for 4 days. On the first day, the subjects will perform a standardized treadmill exercise for 1 h to induce DOMS. After the exercise, the subjects will take either JGT or a placebo for 3 days. After a more than 1 week wash-out period, the subjects will repeat the same process with the other drug. Pain intensity, calf circumference, and pain threshold will be measured as outcome measures. Blood tests and blood pressure will be measured as safety assessments. In addition, blood tests for muscle damage and inflammation markers, such as creatine kinase, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein, will be analyzed. Discussion This will be the first trial to assess the effect of JGT on exercise-induced muscle soreness. Our findings will provide valuable data to determine the clinical effects of JGT on DOMS. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Sevice, KCT0003457. Registered on 29 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsun Han
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwa Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Spine and Joint Center, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Suk Hwang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Spine and Joint Center, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Spine and Joint Center, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyoung Hwang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Spine and Joint Center, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea. .,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Hyun MK, Yoon HY, Yoshino T, Park MJ. Japanese government research grants for Kampo medicine: aAn overview of 10 years (1997-2017). Integr Med Res 2019; 8:279-283. [PMID: 31828010 PMCID: PMC6889039 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japan has its own traditional medicine called Kampo medicine, but it is relatively unknown in compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this study examined the current status of the research related to Kampo medicine supported by Japanese government research grants (JGRG). Methods Three databases were searched on October 2019: National Institute of Public Health, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. The search keywords were Kampo medicine, acupuncture, integrative medicine, oriental medicine, and traditional medicine. The final research that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. Results After a comprehensive search of the three database and removing any duplication research, 2246 JGRG (985 new proposal) that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The number and amount of JGRG have been increasing steadily. The basic research conducted by academic research institutes was mainstream, and the proportion of development research of new Kampo medical technology was low. Most J-research was non-clinical research and 21 % were clinical research. The largest research institute was the Toyama University and there were many non-clinical, cancer, and Juzentaihoto research. On the other hand, government grants were funded relatively evenly without bias to specific fields or institutions. Conclusions After analyzing the Japanese government research grants from 1973 to 2017, research on Kampo medicine, which barely had any interest previously, was revived in the 2000s. In particular, it increased sharply in the 2010s, and the research fields were relatively diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Hyun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 123, Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tetsuhiro Yoshino
- School of Medicine, Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Min Jung Park
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Maeda Y, Takahashi K, Yamamoto K, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Crump A. Factors affecting the provision of analgesia during childbirth, Japan. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:631-636. [PMID: 31474776 PMCID: PMC6705500 DOI: 10.2471/blt.19.230128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan’s universal health-care system means that it is a very safe country in which to give birth. Perinatal outcomes in Japan are excellent, with low infant mortality and neonatal mortality. However, childbirth remains a challenge for many Japanese women, who are faced with a scarcity of places to give birth, limited availability of analgesia and social norms that favour natural birth. The number of birth facilities in Japan continues to decrease as fewer children are born. The numbers of qualified medical staff remain inadequate, with a continuing lack of female physicians, perpetuated by a pervasive negative gender bias. Recruitment efforts are underway, but few doctors want to specialize in obstetrics or gynaecology. Furthermore, around half of female obstetricians and gynaecologists in Japan’s male-dominated medical system stop practising when they have their own children. The difficulty of obtaining analgesia during labour is another problem. Although low uptake of labour pain relief in Japan is said to be due to cultural influences, the root of the problem is a lack of qualified anaesthesiologists and the inflexibility of a system that will not allow other staff to be trained to administer labour analgesia. Problems with labour anaesthesia have been linked to 14 maternal deaths since 2010. Japanese policy-makers need to act to renovate the nation’s obstetric facilities, reorganize regional perinatal care systems, train more obstetricians and anaesthesiologists, promote task-shifting and better integrate biomedical and traditional, non-medical care for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Maeda
- National Center of Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takahashi
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Women between Religion and Spirituality: Observing Religious Experience in Everyday Japanese Life. RELIGIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rel10060377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large majority of Japanese people describe themselves as mushūkyō, ‘non-religious’, even though they participate in several religious-related cultural practices that socialize them to accept spiritual attitudes without the mediation of organized religion. This phenomenon fits well into the ‘spiritual but not religious’ formula of the contemporary Northern European and North American sociological debate, in which the ‘religion’ and ‘spiritual’ categories denote interdependent, although not always reciprocated, domains. Drawing upon two sets of qualitative data on women belonging to five religious organizations (Shinnyoen, Risshō kōseikai, the Roman Catholic Church in Japan, Sōga Gakkai, and God Light Association (GLA)), in this study, I argue that the religion–spirituality distinction not only fails to capture the empirical reality of contemporary Japanese religions, it also does not take into account new modalities of religious and spiritual experiences of people with such affiliations. Their experiences are expressed through the socio-cultural milieu and the language of religion and spirituality available to them in contiguous and complementary ways. In this respect, the aim of this article is to discuss such aspects of Japanese women’s religious and spiritual experiences that have often eluded scholars writing on Japanese religiosity in order to broaden the focus of reflection to include the mushūkyō aspect and the presumed religion–spirituality mismatch.
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Michihata N, Shigemi D, Sasabuchi Y, Matsui H, Jo T, Yasunaga H. Safety and effectiveness of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines for treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 145:182-186. [DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services ResearchGraduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Shigemi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health EconomicsSchool of Public HealthThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasabuchi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health EconomicsSchool of Public HealthThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Data Science CenterJichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health EconomicsSchool of Public HealthThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Health Services ResearchGraduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health EconomicsSchool of Public HealthThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Watanabe S, Toyama T, Sato T, Suzuki M, Morozumi A, Sakagami H, Hamada N. Kampo Therapies and the Use of Herbal Medicines in the Dentistry in Japan. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010034. [PMID: 30823475 PMCID: PMC6473445 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are two major diseases in the dentistry. As the society is aging, their pathological meaning has been changing. An increasing number of patients are displaying symptoms of systemic disease and so we need to pay more attention to immunologic aggression in our medical treatment. For this reason, we focused on natural products. Kampo consists of natural herbs-roots and barks-and has more than 3000 years of history. It was originated in China as traditional medicine and introduced to Japan. Over the years, Kampo medicine in Japan has been formulated in a way to suit Japan's natural features and ethnic characteristics. Based on this traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, we have manufactured a Kampo gargle and Mastic Gel dentifrice. In order to practically utilize the effectiveness of mastic, we have developed a dentifrice (product name: IMPLA CARE) and treated implant periodontitis and severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Watanabe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Odoriba Medical Center, Totsuka Green Dental Clinic, 1-10-46 Gumizawa, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0061, Japan.
| | - Toshizo Toyama
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Takenori Sato
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Suzuki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
- Dental Design Clinic, 3-7-10 Kita-aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0061, Japan.
| | - Akira Morozumi
- Morozumi Dental Clinic, 1-3-1 Miyamaedaira, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-0006, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
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Nakada Y, Arai M. The actual conditions of traditional Japanese Kampo education in all the pharmacy schools in Japan: a questionnaire survey after the enforcement of the new national 2015 core curriculum. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:297. [PMID: 30409153 PMCID: PMC6225583 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the present status of Kampo education, which has still not been elucidated, after the introduction of the new core national curriculum of 2015 into nationwide pharmacy education, in all 74 pharmacy schools in Japan. Methods A postal questionnaire survey was conducted from August 2015 to January 2016. The completed questionnaires were returned by mail. Web-based syllabi were also investigated to ascertain the detailed lecture curricula in each school. Descriptive analyses were conducted without statistics. Results A total of 74 questionnaires were collected (response rate, 100%). In 2015, the numbers of clinical Kampo classes as required subjects during the 6 years of regular pharmacy school education ranged from 0 to 36 (median, 13; mean, 11.8 ± 7.6). Of the 74 schools, 49 schools (66%) provided Kampo education from a clinical standpoint. Pharmacists employed in pharmacies and physicians taught most of these classes. The major problems to be solved first are: selecting and retaining teachers to teach clinical Kampo medicine (43 of 74 schools, 58%), preparing standard textbooks (37 schools, 50%), and improving the environment for practical Kampo training (30 schools, 41%). Conclusions Curricula for teaching Kampo medicine significantly differ at each of the 74 Japanese pharmacy schools. In addition to selecting teachers who can adequately teach clinical Kampo medicine, improving training environments, and nationwide standardization of the curricula and textbooks are critical. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2368-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Shim JM. Three plural medical systems in East Asia: interpenetrative pluralism in China, exclusionary pluralism in Korea and subjugatory pluralism in Japan. Health Policy Plan 2018; 33:401-410. [DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Mahn Shim
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Shim JM, Lee YS. The association between the use of biomedical services and the holistic use of traditional East Asian medicine: a national survey of outpatients in South Korea. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018414. [PMID: 29217726 PMCID: PMC5728304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The holistic use of a system of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is potentially linked to its treatment outcomes. This paper examines how the use of biomedicine is associated with the holistic use of CAM, focusing on traditional East Asian medicine (EM) that is uniquely integrated in the medical system in South Korea. DESIGN/SETTINGS A representative national sample of EM outpatients in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS 3861 survey respondents. METHODS By using the 2011 Korean National Survey of EM patients, ordered logistic regression models specify the relationship between EM outpatients' use of biomedicine and their holistic use of EM modalities. RESULTS Among EM outpatients who used at least one EM modality in the past 3 months, people who used two (33.3%) or three (29.4%) modalities together are the two highest proportions, followed by users of four (18.1%), five (7.2%), six (2.1%) and seven (0.6%) modalities. The odds for EM users to use EM holistically are 17% greater among EM users who used biomedicine as well, compared with EM users who did not use biomedicine. CONCLUSIONS The healthcare community should recognise that CAM use likely becomes holistic as people use biomedicine concomitantly, when the practice rights over a CAM system are comprehensively and exclusively entitled to a group of CAM professionals who are independent from practitioners of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Mahn Shim
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Lee
- Department of Sociology, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Traditional Knowledge-based Medicine: A Review of History, Principles, and Relevance in the Present Context of P4 Systems Medicine. PROGRESS IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/pp9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Arai M, Nakada Y, Izumi SI. The education of traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine: surveys of training hospitals and residents. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:134. [PMID: 28253878 PMCID: PMC5335720 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Japanese physicians prescribe Kampo medicine, but Kampo education is not standardized. We surveyed training hospitals and residents to identify problems and suggest solutions to promote Kampo education during and after residency. Methods This was a double questionnaire survey of 1011 training hospitals in Japan and 93 Tokai University School of Medicine graduates of 2011. Results There were 816 effective responses (81%) from the training hospitals. Most instructors (84%) thought physicians should have Kampo clinical skills; 67% thought positively about introducing Kampo education into clinical training; 23% of the hospitals provided Kampo education; 70% of instructors at hospitals without Kampo education indicated the lack of Kampo instructors, 16% lack of time, and 7% no necessity for Kampo education; hospitals permitted Kampo education through voluntary study (42%), lectures sponsored by Kampo manufacturers (35%), and study sessions with other hospitals (32%); independent study sessions (10%); smaller hospitals were less active in Kampo education than larger ones. The survey of residents had 72 effective responses (77%): 91% were interested in Kampo medicine; 96% thought it worth learning; 31% could learn it during residency; 52% were not satisfied with the training, 83% wanted to learn it; 73% thought it should be introduced into the curricula; 93% prescribed Kampo medicine, and residents who learned it prescribed it more; 48% were reluctant to prescribe it after residency; 89% thought Western and Kampo medicine should be integrated. Conclusions Instructors knew Kampo education was needed, but little of it was taught, especially in small hospitals, because of the lack of Kampo instructors. Residents recognized the need for Kampo medicine and were motivated to learn it. Kampo medicine was mostly prescribed because instructors suggested it. Because of the limited opportunities to learn Kampo medicine, it should be taught during residency. In small hospitals, cooperation with other hospitals could be a solution to teach Kampo medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1634-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Shim JM. The influence of social context on the treatment outcomes of complementary and alternative medicine: the case of acupuncture and herbal medicine in Japan and the U.S. Global Health 2015; 11:17. [PMID: 25907272 PMCID: PMC4415294 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-015-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, is popular in many countries. Yet, treatment outcomes of CAM are found to vary significantly between medical trials in different social environments. This paper addresses how the social organization of medicine affects medical treatment outcomes. In particular, it examines the extent to which two popular complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions (acupuncture and herbal medicine) are coordinated with biomedicine and how coordination characteristics are related to the treatment outcomes of the two CAM interventions. Methods This paper conducts an archival analysis of the institutional settings of the CAM interventions in Japan and the U.S. It also conducts a systematic content analysis of the treatment outcomes in 246 acupuncture reports and 528 herbal medicine reports that are conducted in Japan or the U.S. and registered in the Cochrane Library’s Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and 716 acupuncture reports and 3,485 herbal medicine reports that are from Japan or the U.S. and listed in MEDLINE. It examines the association between the treatment outcomes of the two interventions and the geographical location of the reports; it also explores how the institutional settings of the interventions are related to the treatment outcomes. Results Japanese herbal medicine is integrated into the national medical system the most and American herbal medicine the least; American acupuncture and Japanese acupuncture fall in the middle. Treatment outcomes are the most favorable for Japanese herbal medicine and the least favorable for American herbal medicine. The outcomes of American acupuncture and Japanese acupuncture fall in the middle. Conclusions The co-utilization of CAM with biomedicine can produce difficulties due to tensions between CAM and biomedicine. These difficulties and subsequent CAM treatment outcomes vary, depending on how CAM is institutionalized in relation to biomedicine in the national medical system. Coordinated CAM interventions are more likely to be effective and synergic with biomedicine, when compared to uncoordinated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Mahn Shim
- Department of Sociology, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-743, Korea.
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