1
|
Rieder GS, Zamberlan DC, Aschner M, Silva LFO, da Rocha JBT. Biological effects of a copper-based fungicide on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:341-349. [PMID: 38709203 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2347167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The increased consumption of pesticides can have a negative environmental impact by increasing the essential metals to toxic levels. Bordasul® is a commonly used fungicide in Brazil and it is composed of 20% Cu, 10% sulfur, and 3.0% calcium. The study of fungicides in vivo in non-target model organisms can predict their environmental impact more broadly. The Drosophila melanogaster is a unique model due to its ease of handling and maintenance. Here, the potential toxicity of Bordasul® was investigated by assessing the development, survival, and behavior of exposed flies. Exposure to Bordasul® impaired the development (p < 0.01) and caused a significant reduction in memory retention (p < 0.05) and locomotor ability (p < 0.001). Fungicides are needed to assure the world's food demand; however, Bordasul® was highly toxic to D. melanogaster. Therefore, Bordasul® may be potentially toxic to non-target invertebrates and new environmentally-safe biofertilizers have to be developed to preserve the biota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Rieder
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - D C Zamberlan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - L F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad De La Costa, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - J B T da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Bautista T, Gómez-Gómez B, Vicente-Zurdo D, Madrid Y. Single-cell ICP-MS for evaluating the Se-protective effect against MeHg +-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2749-2759. [PMID: 37962609 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of selenium (Se) against Hg-induced neurotoxicity has been widely investigated; however, the mechanisms behind this interaction have not been fully elucidated yet. In the current work, the role of Se against MeHg+-induced cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) is reported for the first time by tracking Hg uptake and accumulation at the single-cell level by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in single-cell mode (SC-ICP-MS). The influence of different Se species (SeMet, SeMeSeCys, citrate-SeNPs, and chitosan-SeNPs) on MeHg+ cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. SeMet and SeMeSeCys exhibited protective effects against MeHg+-induced cell death, particularly at high MeHg+ concentrations (LC50). In addition, chitosan-SeNPs showed greater protection compared to citrate-SeNPs when co-exposed with MeHg+. Interestingly, SC-ICP-MS unveiled the heterogeneous distribution of Hg uptake by SH-SY5Y cells. Co-exposure of SeMet and SeMeSeCys with MeHg+ led to a reduction of the amount of Hg accumulated per individual cell, which decreased the maximum level of Hg per cell by half (from 60 fg Hg cell-1 to 30 fg Hg cell-1) when SeMet was present, along with a decrease in the percentage of cells that accumulated the highest quantity of MeHg+. All these data corroborate the protective role of Se against Hg toxicity at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Fernández-Bautista
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Gómez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Vicente-Zurdo
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okafor M, Champomier O, Raibaut L, Ozkan S, El Kholti N, Ory S, Chasserot-Golaz S, Gasman S, Hureau C, Faller P, Vitale N. Restoring cellular copper homeostasis in Alzheimer disease: a novel peptide shuttle is internalized by an ATP-dependent endocytosis pathway involving Rab5- and Rab14-endosomes. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1355963. [PMID: 38645276 PMCID: PMC11026709 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1355963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CPPs, or Cell-Penetrating Peptides, offer invaluable utility in disease treatment due to their ability to transport various therapeutic molecules across cellular membranes. Their unique characteristics, such as biocompatibility and low immunogenicity, make them ideal candidates for delivering drugs, genes, or imaging agents directly into cells. This targeted delivery enhances treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. CPPs exhibit versatility, crossing biological barriers and reaching intracellular targets that conventional drugs struggle to access. This capability holds promise in treating a wide array of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases, offering a potent avenue for innovative and targeted therapies, yet their precise mechanism of cell entry is far from being fully understood. In order to correct Cu dysregulation found in various pathologies such as Alzheimer disease, we have recently conceived a peptide Cu(II) shuttle, based on the αR5W4 CPP, which, when bound to Cu(II), is able to readily enter a neurosecretory cell model, and release bioavailable Cu in cells. Furthermore, this shuttle has the capacity to protect cells in culture against oxidative stress-induced damage which occurs when Cu binds to the Aβ peptide. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the cell entry route used by this shuttle and determine in which compartment Cu is released. Pharmacological treatments, siRNA silencing and colocalization experiments with GFP-Rab fusion proteins, indicate that the shuttle is internalized by an ATP-dependent endocytosis pathway involving both Rab5 and Rab14 endosomes route and suggest an early release of Cu from the shuttle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Okafor
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Chimie—UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivia Champomier
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Chimie—UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Raibaut
- Institut de Chimie—UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebahat Ozkan
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naima El Kholti
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Ory
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvette Chasserot-Golaz
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Gasman
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie—UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Sun J, Chen T, Song S, Hou Y, Feng L, Fan C, Li M. Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, and Cuproptosis in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3564-3587. [PMID: 37703318 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. Epidemiological investigation has demonstrated that, after cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, and other causes, AD has become a major health issue affecting elderly individuals, with its mortality rate acutely increasing each year. Regulatory cell death is the active and orderly death of genetically determined cells, which is ubiquitous in the development of living organisms and is crucial to the regulation of life homeostasis. With extensive research on regulatory cell death in AD, increasing evidence has revealed that ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis are closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of AD. This paper will review the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and cuproptosis and their regulatory roles in AD to explore potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Siyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Yajun Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Cundong Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Mingquan Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Botchway BOA, Liu X, Zhou Y, Fang M. Biometals in Alzheimer disease: emerging therapeutic and diagnostic potential of molybdenum and iodine. J Transl Med 2023; 21:351. [PMID: 37244993 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current ageing trend of the world population has, in part, accounted for Alzheimer disease (AD) being a public health issue in recent times. Although some progress has been made in clarifying AD-related pathophysiological mechanisms, effective intervention is still elusive. Biometals are indispensable to normal physiological functions of the human body-for example, neurogenesis and metabolism. However, their association with AD remains highly controversial. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are biometals that have been investigated at great length in relation to neurodegeneration, whereas less attention has been afforded to other trace biometals, such as molybdenum (Mo), and iodine. Given the above context, we reviewed the limited number of studies that have evidenced various effects following the usage of these two biometals in different investigative models of AD. Revisiting these biometals via thorough investigations, along with their biological mechanisms may present a solid foundation for not only the development of effective interventions, but also as diagnostic agents for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson O A Botchway
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- Pharmacy Department, Bupa Cromwell Hospital, Kensington, London, SW5 0TU, UK
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brain copper may protect from cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease pathology: a community-based study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4307-4313. [PMID: 36195639 PMCID: PMC9764421 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for brain health and dyshomeostasis of copper could have a pathophysiological role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, there are limited data from community-based samples. In this study, we investigate the association of brain copper (assessed using ICP-MS in four regions -inferior temporal, mid-frontal, anterior cingulate, and cerebellum) and dietary copper with cognitive decline and AD pathology burden (a quantitative summary of neurofibrillary tangles, diffuse and neuritic plaques in multiple brain regions) at autopsy examination among deceased participants (N = 657; age of death: 90.2(±6.2)years, 70% women, 25% APOE-ɛ4 carriers) in the Rush Memory and Aging Project. During annual visits, these participants completed cognitive assessments using a 19-test battery and dietary assessments (using a food frequency questionnaire). Regression, linear mixed-effects, and logistic models adjusted for age at death, sex, education, and APOE-ε4 status were used. Higher composite brain copper levels were associated with slower cognitive decline (β(SE) = 0.028(0.01), p = 0.001) and less global AD pathology (β(SE) = -0.069(0.02), p = 0.0004). Participants in the middle and highest tertile of dietary copper had slower cognitive decline (T2vs.T1: β = 0.038, p = 0.0008; T3vs.T1: β = 0.028, p = 0.01) than those in the lowest tertile. Dietary copper intake was not associated with brain copper levels or AD pathology. Associations of higher brain copper levels with slower cognitive decline and with less AD pathology support a role for copper dyshomeostasis in AD pathogenesis and suggest that lower brain copper may exacerbate or indicate disease severity. Dietary and brain copper are unrelated but dietary copper is associated with slower cognitive decline via an unknown mechanism.
Collapse
|
7
|
He Z, Zheng L, Zhao X, Li X, Xue H, Zhao Q, Ren B, Li N, Ni J, Zhang Y, Liu Q. An Adequate Supply of Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(IV) Remarkably Reversed the Pathological Hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease in Triple-Transgenic Middle-Aged Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3248-3264. [PMID: 35031965 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disease with impaired synapse, imbalanced mineral metabolism, protein mis-folding and aggregation. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium(IV) (BEOV), an organic bioactive vanadium compound with low toxicity and high bioavailability, has been studied as therapeutic agent against tuberculosis and diabetes. However, its neuroprotective effects have rarely been reported. Therefore, in this study, the potential application of BEOV in intervening AD cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology was evaluated. Both low- and high-dose of BEOV (0.2 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L) supplementation for 2 months improved the spatial learning and memory deficits of the triple-transgenic AD (3 × Tg AD) mice and mitigated the loss of synaptic proteins and synaptic dysfunction. By inhibiting the expression of amyloid-β precursor protein and β-secretase, and the phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser262, Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205 residues, BEOV reduced the amyloid-β deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation in AD mouse brains and primarily cultured neurons. Further analysis of the brain ionome revealed that BEOV supplementation could significantly affect the concentrations of a variety of metals, most of which, including several AD risk metals, showed reduced levels, particularly with a high-dose intake. Additionally, the elemental correlation network identified both conserved and specific elemental correlations, implying a highly complex and dynamic crosstalk between vanadium and other elements during long-term BEOV supplementation. Overall, our results suggest that BEOV is effective in AD intervention via both ameliorating the disease related pathology and regulating metal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Food Inspection & Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hua Xue
- National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Selenium-Enriched Products, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Qionghui Zhao
- Food Inspection & Quarantine Center, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Bingyu Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Probable Reasons for Neuron Copper Deficiency in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Complex Role of Amyloid. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that eventually leads the affected patients to die. The appearance of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients is known as a main symptom of this disease. The plaques consist of different components, and according to numerous reports, their main components include beta-amyloid peptide and transition metals such as copper. In this disease, metal dyshomeostasis leads the number of copper ions to simultaneously increase in the plaques and decrease in neurons. Copper ions are essential for proper brain functioning, and one of the possible mechanisms of neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease is the copper depletion of neurons. However, the reason for the copper depletion is as yet unknown. Based on the available evidence, we suggest two possible reasons: the first is copper released from neurons (along with beta-amyloid peptides), which is deposited outside the neurons, and the second is the uptake of copper ions by activated microglia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lei P, Ayton S, Bush AI. The essential elements of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100105. [PMID: 33219130 PMCID: PMC7948403 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) directed against the prominent amyloid plaque neuropathology are yet to be proved effective despite many phase 3 clinical trials. There are several other neurochemical abnormalities that occur in the AD brain that warrant renewed emphasis as potential therapeutic targets for this disease. Among those are the elementomic signatures of iron, copper, zinc, and selenium. Here, we review these essential elements of AD for their broad potential to contribute to Alzheimer’s pathophysiology, and we also highlight more recent attempts to translate these findings into therapeutics. A reinspection of large bodies of discovery in the AD field, such as this, may inspire new thinking about pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, P.R. China; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hsu HW, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, Lim SL, Zumkehr J, Kilian JG, Vidal J, Kitazawa M. Copper-Induced Upregulation of MicroRNAs Directs the Suppression of Endothelial LRP1 in Alzheimer's Disease Model. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:144-156. [PMID: 30923833 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to copper and its dyshomeostasis have been linked to accelerated cognitive decline and potentially increasing risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We and others have previously demonstrated that exposure to copper through drinking water significantly increased parenchymal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and decreased endothelial low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in mouse models of AD. In this study, we determined the underlying mechanisms that microRNA critically mediated the copper-induced loss of endothelial LRP1. In human primary microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs), microRNA-200b-3p, -200c-3p, and -205-5p were significantly elevated within the 24-h exposure to copper and returned to baseline after 48-h postexposure, which corresponded with the temporal change of LRP1 expression in these cells. Transient expression of synthetic microRNA-200b-3p, -200c-3p, or -205-5p on MVECs significantly decreased endothelial LRP1, and cotreatment of synthetic antagomirs effectively prevented the loss of LRP1 during copper exposure, collectively supporting the key regulatory role of these microRNAs in copper-induced loss of LRP1. In mice, a significant reduction of LRP1 in cortical vasculature was evident following 9 months exposure to 1.3 ppm copper in drinking water, although the levels of cortical microRNA-205-5p, -200b-3p, and -200c-3p were only marginally elevated. This, however, correlated with increased vascular accumulation of Aβ and impairment of spatial memory, indicating that copper exposure has the pivotal role in the vascular damage and development of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Hsu
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Siok Lam Lim
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Joannee Zumkehr
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Jason G Kilian
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Janielle Vidal
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92617-1830
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Yin YL, Liu XZ, Shen P, Zheng YG, Lan XR, Lu CB, Wang JZ. Current understanding of metal ions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 32266063 PMCID: PMC7119290 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The homeostasis of metal ions, such as iron, copper, zinc and calcium, in the brain is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that imbalance of these metal ions in the brain is closely related to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Main body Erroneous deposition/distribution of the metal ions in different brain regions induces oxidative stress. The metal ions imbalance and oxidative stress together or independently promote amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction by activating β- or γ-secretases and inhibiting α-secretase, it also causes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating protein kinases, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cyclin-dependent protein kinase-5 (CDK5), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), etc., and inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The metal ions imbalances can also directly or indirectly disrupt organelles, causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunctions, which can cause or aggravate Aβ and tau aggregation/accumulation, and impair synaptic functions. Even worse, the metal ions imbalance-induced alterations can reversely exacerbate metal ions misdistribution and deposition. The vicious cycles between metal ions imbalances and Aβ/tau abnormalities will eventually lead to a chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits, such as seen in AD patients. Conclusion The metal ions imbalance induces Aβ and tau pathologies by directly or indirectly affecting multiple cellular/subcellular pathways, and the disrupted homeostasis can reversely aggravate the abnormalities of metal ions transportation/deposition. Therefore, adjusting metal balance by supplementing or chelating the metal ions may be potential in ameliorating AD pathologies, which provides new research directions for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Xin-Zi Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Peng Shen
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Yan-Ge Zheng
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Xin-Rui Lan
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Cheng-Biao Lu
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- 2Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pilozzi A, Yu Z, Carreras I, Cormier K, Hartley D, Rogers J, Dedeoglu A, Huang X. A Preliminary Study of Cu Exposure Effects upon Alzheimer's Amyloid Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E408. [PMID: 32155778 PMCID: PMC7175127 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that dysregulation of cerebral biometals (Fe, Cu, Zn) and their interactions with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ amyloid may contribute to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) Aβ amyloid pathology. However, the molecular underpinnings associated with the interactions are still not fully understood. Herein we have further validated the exacerbation of Aβ oligomerization by Cu and H2O2 in vitro. We have also reported that Cu enhanced APP translations via its 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells, and increased Aβ amyloidosis and expression of associated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-5 in Alzheimer's APP/PS1 doubly transgenic mice. This preliminary study may further unravel the pathogenic role of Cu in Alzheimer's Aβ amyloid pathogenesis, warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pilozzi
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Isabel Carreras
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kerry Cormier
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Jack Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Alpaslan Dedeoglu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; (I.C.); (K.C.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xudong Huang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; (A.P.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grochowski C, Blicharska E, Krukow P, Jonak K, Maciejewski M, Szczepanek D, Jonak K, Flieger J, Maciejewski R. Analysis of Trace Elements in Human Brain: Its Aim, Methods, and Concentration Levels. Front Chem 2019; 7:115. [PMID: 30891444 PMCID: PMC6411644 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements play a crucial role in many biochemical processes, mainly as components of vitamins and enzymes. Although small amounts of metal ions have protective properties, excess metal levels result in oxidative injury, which is why metal ion homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of the brain. The changes of their level in the brain have been proven to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, it is currently an important application of various analytical methods. This review covers the most important of them: inductively coupled ground mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), flame-induced atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), optical emission spectrometry with excitation in inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and neutron activation analysis (NAA). Additionally, we present a summary of concentration values found by different research groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krukow
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Jonak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejewski
- Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Department of Foreign Languages, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ashraf A, Stosnach H, Parkes HG, Hye A, Powell J, So PW. Pattern of Altered Plasma Elemental Phosphorus, Calcium, Zinc, and Iron in Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3147. [PMID: 30816126 PMCID: PMC6395674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal/mineral dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the study was to investigate the difference in absolute and percentage levels of plasma phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium in cognitively normal (CN) and AD subjects. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy was used to detect plasma metals/minerals in CN and AD subjects (n = 44 per group). TXRF detected significantly increased plasma levels of phosphorus (p = 1.33 × 10−12) and calcium (p = 0.025) in AD compared to CN subjects, with higher phosphorus/calcium (p = 2.55 × 10−14) ratio in the former. Percentage concentrations calculated for phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium by dividing the concentration of each element by the total concentration of these elements and multiplying by 100%, demonstrated phosphorus was higher in AD compared to CN subjects, while calcium, iron, zinc, copper and selenium were lower in AD subjects, with area under the curves as high as 0.937 (p = 6 × 10−5) computed from receiver operating curves. With exclusion of high levels of phosphorus and calcium from percentage calculations, iron levels remained low in AD whereas zinc was higher in AD, and copper and selenium levels were similar. We demonstrate altered distribution of elements in the plasma of AD subjects with high interdependencies between elemental levels and propose the potential of TXRF measurements for disease monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azhaar Ashraf
- King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Harold G Parkes
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123, Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- King's College London, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Po-Wah So
- King's College London, Department of Neuroimaging, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huat TJ, Camats-Perna J, Newcombe EA, Valmas N, Kitazawa M, Medeiros R. Metal Toxicity Links to Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroinflammation. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1843-1868. [PMID: 30664867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the median age of the population increases, the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the associated socio-economic burden are predicted to worsen. While aging and inherent genetic predisposition play major roles in the onset of AD, lifestyle, physical fitness, medical condition, and social environment have emerged as relevant disease modifiers. These environmental risk factors can play a key role in accelerating or decelerating disease onset and progression. Among known environmental risk factors, chronic exposure to various metals has become more common among the public as the aggressive pace of anthropogenic activities releases excess amount of metals into the environment. As a result, we are exposed not only to essential metals, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, but also to toxic metals including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, which perturb metal homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. Herein, we review how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity, as well as their roles in the accumulation of toxic AD proteinaceous species (i.e., β-amyloid and tau). We also discuss studies that validate the disruption of immune-related pathways as an important mechanism of toxicity by which metals can contribute to AD. Our goal is to increase the awareness of metals as players in the onset and progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Drew SC. The Case for Abandoning Therapeutic Chelation of Copper Ions in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:317. [PMID: 28626387 PMCID: PMC5455140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The "therapeutic chelation" approach to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) evolved from the metals hypothesis, with the premise that small molecules can be designed to prevent transition metal-induced amyloid deposition and oxidative stress within the AD brain. Over more than 20 years, countless in vitro studies have been devoted to characterizing metal binding, its effect on Aβ aggregation, ROS production, and in vitro toxicity. Despite a lack of evidence for any clinical benefit, the conjecture that therapeutic chelation is an effective approach for treating AD remains widespread. Here, the author plays the devil's advocate, questioning the experimental evidence, the dogma, and the value of therapeutic chelation, with a major focus on copper ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Drew
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lago L, Nunes EA, Vigato AA, Souza VCO, Barbosa F, Sato JR, Batista BL, Cerchiaro G. Flow of essential elements in subcellular fractions during oxidative stress. Biometals 2017; 30:83-96. [PMID: 28083799 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Essential trace elements are commonly found in altered concentrations in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies in trace metal determination and quantification are conducted in tissue, cell culture or whole brain. In the present investigation, we determined by ICP-MS Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Se, Co, Cr, Mg, and Mn in organelles (mitochondria, nuclei) and whole motor neuron cell cultured in vitro. We performed experiments using two ways to access oxidative stress: cell treatments with H2O2 or Aβ-42 peptide in its oligomeric form. Both treatments caused accumulation of markers of oxidative stress, such as oxidized proteins and lipids, and alteration in DNA. Regarding trace elements, cells treated with H2O2 showed higher levels of Zn and lower levels of Ca in nuclei when compared to control cells with no oxidative treatments. On the other hand, cells treated with Aβ-42 peptide in its oligomeric form showed higher levels of Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn in nuclei when compared to control cells. These differences showed that metal flux in cell organelles during an intrinsic external oxidative condition (H2O2 treatment) are different from an intrinsic external neurodegenerative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lago
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Emilene A Nunes
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Aryane A Vigato
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C O Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Prêto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Prêto, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Batista
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace metal that is required for several important biological processes, however, an excess of copper can be toxic to cells. Therefore, systemic and cellular copper homeostasis is tightly regulated, but dysregulation of copper homeostasis may occur in disease states, resulting either in copper deficiency or copper overload and toxicity. This chapter will give an overview on the biological roles of copper and of the mechanisms involved in copper uptake, storage, and distribution. In addition, we will describe potential mechanisms of the cellular toxicity of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge on the connection of copper toxicity with neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bulcke
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ivo Florin Scheiber
- Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roberts BR, Doecke JD, Rembach A, Yévenes LF, Fowler CJ, McLean CA, Lind M, Volitakis I, Masters CL, Bush AI, Hare DJ. Rubidium and potassium levels are altered in Alzheimer's disease brain and blood but not in cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:119. [PMID: 27842602 PMCID: PMC5109650 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of intracellular compartmentalization of potassium is a biochemical feature of Alzheimer's disease indicating a loss of membrane integrity and mitochondrial dysfunction. We examined potassium and rubidium (a biological proxy for potassium) in brain tissue, blood fractions and cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects to investigate the diagnostic potential of these two metal ions. We found that both potassium and rubidium levels were significantly decreased across all intracellular compartments in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Serum from over 1000 participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), showed minor changes according to disease state. Potassium and rubidium levels in erythrocytes and cerebrospinal fluid were not significantly different according to disease state, and rubidium was slightly decreased in Alzheimer's disease patients compared to healthy controls. Our data provides evidence that contrasts the hypothesized disruption of the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease, with the systemic decrease in cortical potassium and rubidium levels suggesting influx of ions from the blood is minimal and that the observed changes are more likely indicative of an internal energy crisis within the brain. These findings may be the basis for potential diagnostic imaging studies using radioactive potassium and rubidium tracers.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hare DJ, Raven EP, Roberts BR, Bogeski M, Portbury SD, McLean CA, Masters CL, Connor JR, Bush AI, Crouch PJ, Doble PA. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of white and gray matter iron distribution in Alzheimer's disease frontal cortex. Neuroimage 2016; 137:124-131. [PMID: 27233149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deposition in the brain is a feature of normal aging, though in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, the rate of iron accumulation is more advanced than in age-matched controls. Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging we present here a pilot study that quantitatively assessed the iron content of white and gray matter in paraffin-embedded sections from the frontal cortex of Alzheimer's and control subjects. Using the phosphorus image as a confirmed proxy for the white/gray matter boundary, we found that increased intrusion of iron into gray matter occurs in the Alzheimer's brain compared to controls, which may be indicative of either a loss of iron homeostasis in this vulnerable brain region, or provide evidence of increased inflammatory processes as a response to chronic neurodegeneration. We also observed a trend of increasing iron within the white matter of the frontal cortex, potentially indicative of disrupted iron metabolism preceding loss of myelin integrity. Considering the known potential toxicity of excessive iron in the brain, our results provide supporting evidence for the continuous development of novel magnetic resonance imaging approaches for assessing white and gray matter iron accumulation in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Erika P Raven
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States; Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mirjana Bogeski
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart D Portbury
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Australia; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, United States
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip A Doble
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rossi-George A, Guo CJ. Copper disrupts S-nitrosothiol signaling in activated BV2 microglia. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:1-8. [PMID: 27216010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), responds rapidly to pathogens and injury by secreting immune mediators including nitric oxide (NO). The reaction of NO with the anti-oxidant glutathione forms S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), the major pool of biologic NO in the body. GSNO is degraded by GSNO reductase (GSNOR). Recently, we have shown that copper (Cu(I)) inhibits the release of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia and induces BV2 microglia to acquire a mixed a profile with both pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Since GSNOR is the critical enzyme in GSNO metabolism, we sought to determine whether Cu(I) affects GSNOR activity and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) accumulation in activated BV2 microglia. Our results show that GSNOR protein expression is reduced by Cu(I) treatment in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Our results also show a decrease in S-nitrosothiol content despite a reduced GSNOR expression. This effect is most likely due to Cu(I) reacting with the central thiol of the SNO bond resulting in the degradation of SNO. A dose of 1 μM Cu(I) did not affect SNO protein accumulation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia, however, a dose of 100 μM Cu(I) inhibited SNO protein in accordance with inhibition of S-nitrosothiols. These data provide direct evidence that Cu(I) disrupts S-nitrosothiol homeostasis and NO metabolism, and, thus, provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in microglia-mediated-CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rossi-George
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Chang-Jiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Langford-Smith A, Tilakaratna V, Lythgoe PR, Clark SJ, Bishop PN, Day AJ. Age and Smoking Related Changes in Metal Ion Levels in Human Lens: Implications for Cataract Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147576. [PMID: 26794210 PMCID: PMC4721641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract formation is the primary cause of blindness worldwide and although treatable by surgical removal of the lens the majority of sufferers have neither the finances nor access to the medical facilities required. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cataract may identify new therapeutic targets to prevent or slow its progression. Cataract incidence is strongly correlated with age and cigarette smoking, factors that are often associated with accumulation of metal ions in other tissues. Therefore this study evaluated the age-related changes in 14 metal ions in 32 post mortem human lenses without known cataract from donors of 11 to 82 years of age by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; smoking-related changes in 10 smokers verses 14 non-smokers were also analysed. A significant age-related increase in selenium and decrease in copper ions was observed for the first time in the lens tissue, where cadmium ion levels were also increased as has been seen previously. Aluminium and vanadium ions were found to be increased in smokers compared to non-smokers (an analysis that has only been carried out before in lenses with cataract). These changes in metal ions, i.e. that occur as a consequence of normal ageing and of smoking, could contribute to cataract formation via induction of oxidative stress pathways, modulation of extracellular matrix structure/function and cellular toxicity. Thus, this study has identified novel changes in metal ions in human lens that could potentially drive the pathology of cataract formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Langford-Smith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Lythgoe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Clark
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grubman A, James SA, James J, Duncan C, Volitakis I, Hickey JL, Crouch PJ, Donnelly PS, Kanninen KM, Liddell JR, Cotman SL, de Jonge, White AR. X-ray fluorescence imaging reveals subcellular biometal disturbances in a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Chem Sci 2014; 5:2503-2516. [PMID: 24976945 PMCID: PMC4070600 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00316k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biometals such as zinc, iron, copper and calcium play key roles in diverse physiological processes in the brain, but can be toxic in excess. A hallmark of neurodegeneration is a failure of homeostatic mechanisms controlling the concentration and distribution of these elements, resulting in overload, deficiency or mislocalization. A major roadblock to understanding the impact of altered biometal homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease is the lack of rapid, specific and sensitive techniques capable of providing quantitative subcellular information on biometal homeostasis in situ. Recent advances in X-ray fluorescence detectors have provided an opportunity to rapidly measure biometal content at subcellular resolution in cell populations using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). We applied this approach to investigate subcellular biometal homeostasis in a cerebellar cell line isolated from a natural mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder, the CLN6 form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, commonly known as Batten disease. Despite no global changes to whole cell concentrations of zinc or calcium, XFM revealed significant subcellular mislocalization of these important biological second messengers in cerebellar Cln6nclf (CbCln6nclf ) cells. XFM revealed that nuclear-to-cytoplasmic trafficking of zinc was severely perturbed in diseased cells and the subcellular distribution of calcium was drastically altered in CbCln6nclf cells. Subtle differences in the zinc K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra of control and CbCln6nclf cells suggested that impaired zinc homeostasis may be associated with an altered ligand set in CbCln6nclf cells. Importantly, a zinc-complex, ZnII(atsm), restored the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic zinc ratios in CbCln6nclf cells via nuclear zinc delivery, and restored the relationship between subcellular zinc and calcium levels to that observed in healthy control cells. ZnII(atsm) treatment also resulted in a reduction in the number of calcium-rich puncta observed in CbCln6nclf cells. This study highlights the complementarities of bulk and single cell analysis of metal content for understanding disease states. We demonstrate the utility and broad applicability of XFM for subcellular analysis of perturbed biometal metabolism and mechanism of action studies for novel therapeutics to target neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia ; Materials Science and Engineering and the Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - J James
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - C Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - I Volitakis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - J L Hickey
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P J Crouch
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - P S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - K M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211, Finland
| | - J R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - S L Cotman
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - A R White
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scheiber IF, Mercer JF, Dringen R. Metabolism and functions of copper in brain. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 116:33-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|