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Li P, Ma X, Huang D, Gu X. Exploring the roles of non-coding RNAs in liver regeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:945-953. [PMID: 38680418 PMCID: PMC11046251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a complex process encompassing three distinct phases: priming, proliferation phase and restoration, all influenced by various regulatory factors. After liver damage or partial resection, the liver tissue demonstrates remarkable restorative capacity, driven by cellular proliferation and repair mechanisms. The essential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNA), in regulating LR have been vastly studied. Additionally, the impact of ncRNAs on LR and their abnormal expression profiles during this process have been extensively documented. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that ncRNAs interact with genes involved in proliferation to regulate hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, along with liver progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Given the significant role of ncRNAs in LR, an in-depth exploration of their involvement in the liver's self-repair capacity can reveal promising therapeutic strategies for LR and liver-related diseases. Moreover, understanding the unique regenerative potential of the adult liver and the mechanisms and regulatory factors of ncRNAs in LR are crucial for improving current treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches for various liver-related diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the LR process and the ncRNA expression profiles during this process. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the specific molecular mechanisms through which multiple key ncRNAs regulate the LR process. Finally, based on the expression characteristics of ncRNAs and their interactions with proliferation-associated genes, we explore their potential clinical application, such as developing predictive indicators reflecting liver regenerative activity and manipulating LR processes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
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Tajer B, Savage AM, Whited JL. The salamander blastema within the broader context of metazoan regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1206157. [PMID: 37635872 PMCID: PMC10450636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1206157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the animal kingdom regenerative ability varies greatly from species to species, and even tissue to tissue within the same organism. The sheer diversity of structures and mechanisms renders a thorough comparison of molecular processes truly daunting. Are "blastemas" found in organisms as distantly related as planarians and axolotls derived from the same ancestral process, or did they arise convergently and independently? Is a mouse digit tip blastema orthologous to a salamander limb blastema? In other fields, the thorough characterization of a reference model has greatly facilitated these comparisons. For example, the amphibian Spemann-Mangold organizer has served as an amazingly useful comparative template within the field of developmental biology, allowing researchers to draw analogies between distantly related species, and developmental processes which are superficially quite different. The salamander limb blastema may serve as the best starting point for a comparative analysis of regeneration, as it has been characterized by over 200 years of research and is supported by a growing arsenal of molecular tools. The anatomical and evolutionary closeness of the salamander and human limb also add value from a translational and therapeutic standpoint. Tracing the evolutionary origins of the salamander blastema, and its relatedness to other regenerative processes throughout the animal kingdom, will both enhance our basic biological understanding of regeneration and inform our selection of regenerative model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Womersley F, Hancock J, Perry CT, Rowat D. Wound-healing capabilities of whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus) and implications for conservation management. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coaa120. [PMID: 33569175 PMCID: PMC7859907 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is important for marine taxa such as elasmobranchs, which can incur a range of natural and anthropogenic wounds throughout their life history. There is evidence that this group shows a high capacity for external wound healing. However, anthropogenic wounds may become more frequent due to increasing commercial and recreational marine activities. Whale sharks are particularly at risk of attaining injuries given their use of surface waters and wildlife tourism interest. There is limited understanding as to how whale sharks recover from injuries, and often insights are confined to singular opportunistic observations. The present study makes use of a unique and valuable photographic data source from two whale shark aggregation sites in the Indian Ocean. Successional injury-healing progression cases were reviewed to investigate the characteristics of injuries and quantify a coarse healing timeframe. Wounds were measured over time using an image standardization method. This work shows that by Day 25 major injury surface area decreased by an average of 56% and the most rapid healing case showed a surface area reduction of 50% in 4 days. All wounds reached a point of 90% surface area closure by Day 35. There were differences in healing rate based on wound type, with lacerations and abrasions taking 50 and 22 days to reach 90% healing, respectively. This study provides baseline information for wound healing in whale sharks and the methods proposed could act as a foundation for future research. Use of a detailed classification system, as presented here, may also assist in ocean scale injury comparisons between research groups and aid reliable descriptive data. Such findings can contribute to discussions regarding appropriate management in aggregation areas with an aim to reduce the likelihood of injuries, such as those resulting from vessel collisions, in these regions or during movements between coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Womersley
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Mahé, PO Box 384, Seychelles
- Corresponding author: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - James Hancock
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Popeshead Court Offices, Peter Lane, York, Yorkshire, Y01 8SU, UK
| | - Cameron T Perry
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Popeshead Court Offices, Peter Lane, York, Yorkshire, Y01 8SU, UK
| | - David Rowat
- Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Mahé, PO Box 384, Seychelles
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Wang J, Chen G. Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. QJM 2020; 113:324-329. [PMID: 31693155 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exposure has been associated with toxic hepatitis, and no clinical treatment has been reported. AIM To investigate the clinical manifestations of DMAc-induced symptoms and how to rescue the functional loss due to occupational exposure. DESIGN Clinical observations of 60 spandex factory workers with the exposure to DMAc from January, 2017-19. METHODS Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine, glycyrrhizin compound, Hugan tablets and ornithine aspartate) were used to evaluate the therapeutic improvements in DMAc-exposed patients. RESULTS Our data found that 58.3% patients had no distinct clinical symptoms, but 41.7% patients felt fatigue, and 21.7% patients suffered abdominal discomfort and appetite loss, and 8.3% patients had yellow skin and sclera. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed that some patients have fatty livers, intrahepatic calcifications, hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall edema and abdominal effusions. Biochemical analysis showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001) and bilirubin (P < 0.01) statistically decreased after the drug treatment, but alkaline phosphatase (P >0.05) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P> 0.05) did not decrease. Twenty-nine out of the thirty-one patients' abnormal blood ammonia recovered. The risk factor of ALT on hospitalization time was significantly related (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The drugs above are sufficient to rescue functional loss in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis, in part via the regulations of ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and ammonia. Workers with the exposure to DMAc should receive specific drugs to maintain the health and prevent functional loss in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing 314000
| | - G Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, China
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MacNeill AL. The potential of the combined use of targeted type I interferon pathway inhibitors and oncolytic viruses to treat sarcomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:36-42. [PMID: 31618515 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Replicating oncolytic viruses (OVs) are appealing, new, FDA-approved, therapeutic options for humans with head and neck cancers and melanomas. These treatments are not yet available for veterinary patients, but recent clinical trials have shown several OVs to be safe in dogs and cats. Specific viruses being used to treat sarcomas in dogs include modified canine adenovirus 2, myxoma virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and reovirus. In cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas, poxviruses have been injected postoperatively and a reduced rate of tumour recurrence was documented. To date, the response rates of canine and feline patients to OV therapy have been variable (as they are in people). Optimal methods of OV administration and dosing schedules continue to be evaluated. One way to improve outcomes of OV therapy in veterinary patients may be to use OVs in combination with other immunomodulatory therapies. This review discusses the potential utility of concurrent therapy with an OV and an inhibitor of the type I interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Gillette, Colorodo
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Cheng D, Chen Y, Lu C, Qian Y, Lv Z. Preliminary profiling of microRNA in the normal and regenerating liver of Chiloscyllium plagiosum. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 24:60-67. [PMID: 28822868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver is a vital organ present in animals for detoxification, protein synthesis, digestion and other functions and its powerful regenerative capacity is well known. C. plagiosum is an abundant fish that is representative of the cartilaginous class in the southeast coastal region of China and its liver accounts for >70% of the fish's visceral weight and contains many bioactive substances. MicroRNAs (microRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes in eukaryotes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. However, microRNAs in response to liver regeneration has not been well studied. This study aimed to identify the microRNAs that participate in liver regeneration and other liver-related diseases and to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of liver regeneration in sharks. To this end, normal and regenerating liver tissues from C. plagiosum were harvested 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24h after partial hepatectomy (pH) and were sequenced using the Illumina/Solexa platform. In total, 309 known microRNAs and 590 novel microRNAs were identified in C. plagiosum. There were many microRNAs differentially expressed in the normal and regenerating livers between time points. Using target prediction and GO analysis, most of the differentially expressed microRNAs were assigned to functional categories that may be involved in regulating liver regeneration, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The microRNA expression profile of liver regeneration will pave the way for the development of effective strategies to fight against liver disease and other related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, China.
| | - Yanna Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, China.
| | - Conger Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, China.
| | - Yuezhong Qian
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, China.
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, China.
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Ge Y, Zhang J, Shi X, Lu C, Yang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Cheng D, Bai J, Lv Z, Liu L. Differential expression and miRNA regulation of the GSTP1 gene in the regenerating liver of Chiloscyllium plagiosum. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:791-802. [PMID: 28054243 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a complicated process, and understanding the regulatory mechanism will be helpful in the treatment of diseases associated with liver. In this study, the one-third liver resection model was established in Chiloscyllium plagiosum, and the whole transcriptome of the C. plagiosum was generated using the Illumina-Solexa sequencing platform. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using bioinformatics methods and verified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Using miRanda and TargetScan, we screened the microRNA library for miRNAs that target the glutathione S-transferase P1(GSTP1) gene. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm binding between the miRNA and GSTP1. Finally, we used western blotting analysis to determine expression of the GSTP1 protein. As a result, 65,356 unigenes were obtained in normal and damaged liver tissues, with mean length of 955 bp. A total of 359 differentially expressed genes were acquired; 217 of which were upregulated, and 142 were downregulated, including the GSTP1 gene, following liver resection. The presence of the GSTP1 protein in C. plagiosum was shown for the first time. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that GSTP1 messenger RNA was targeted by ipu-miR-143. The discovery and differential expression analysis of GSTP1 in C. plagiosum will be a valuable resource to explain the molecular mechanism of GSTP1 regulation of liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Conger Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lingrong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanna Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Lili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Detection of piRNAs in whitespotted bamboo shark liver. Gene 2016; 590:51-6. [PMID: 27267405 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are 26 to 31-nt small non-coding RNAs that have been reported mostly in germ-line cells and cancer cells. However, the presence of piRNAs in the whitespotted bamboo shark liver has not yet been reported. In a previous study of microRNAs in shark liver, some piRNAs were detected from small RNAs sequenced by Solexa technology. A total of 4857 piRNAs were predicted and found in shark liver. We further selected 17 piRNAs with high and significantly differential expression between normal and regenerative liver tissues for subsequent verification by Northern blotting. Ten piRNAs were further identified, and six of these were matched to known piRNAs in piRNABank. The actual expression of six known and four novel piRNAs was validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, a total of 401 target genes of the 10 piRNAs were predicted by miRanda. Through GO and pathway function analyses, only five piRNAs could be annotated with eighteen GO annotations. The results indicated that the identified piRNAs are involved in many important biological responses, including immune inflammation, cell-specific differentiation and development, and angiogenesis. This manuscript provides the first identification of piRNAs in the liver of whitespotted bamboo shark using Solexa technology as well as further elucidation of the regulatory role of piRNAs in whitespotted bamboo shark liver. These findings may provide a useful resource and may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies against liver damage.
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A New Member of the TBC1D15 Family from Chiloscyllium plagiosum: Rab GTPase-Activating Protein Based on Rab7 as a Substrate. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2955-66. [PMID: 25984991 PMCID: PMC4446614 DOI: 10.3390/md13052955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
APSL (active peptide from shark liver) is a hepatic stimulator cytokine from the liver of Chiloscyllium. It can effectively protect islet cells and improve complications in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that the APSL sequence is present in the N-terminus of novel TBC (Tre-2, Bub2 and Cdc16) domain family, member 15 (TBC1D15) from Chiloscylliumplagiosum. This shark TBC1D15 gene, which contains an ORF of 2088 bp, was identified from a cDNA library of regenerating shark liver. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the gene is highly homologous to TBC1D15 genes from other species. Moreover, the N-terminus of shark TBC1D15 contains a motif of unknown function (DUF3548), which encompasses the APSL fragment. Rab-GAP activity analysis showed that shark TBC1D15 is a new member of the TBC1D15 family. These results demonstrated that shark TBC1D15 possesses Rab-GAP activity using Rab7 as a substrate, which is a common property of the TBC1D15 family. The involvement of APSL at the N-terminus of TBC1D15 also demonstrates that this protein might be involved in insulin signaling and may be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. The current findings pave the way for further functional and clinical studies of these proteins from marine sources.
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Rajaram K, Harding RL, Bailey T, Patton JG, Hyde DR. Dynamic miRNA expression patterns during retinal regeneration in zebrafish: reduced dicer or miRNA expression suppresses proliferation of Müller glia-derived neuronal progenitor cells. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1591-605. [PMID: 25220904 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult zebrafish spontaneously regenerate their retinas after damage. Although a number of genes and signaling pathways involved in regeneration have been identified, the exact mechanisms regulating various aspects of regeneration are unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) were examined for their potential roles in regulating zebrafish retinal regeneration. RESULTS To investigate the requirement of miRNAs during zebrafish retinal regeneration, we knocked down the expression of Dicer in retinas prior to light-induced damage. Reduced Dicer expression significantly decreased the number of proliferating Müller glia-derived neuronal progenitor cells during regeneration. To identify individual miRNAs with roles in neuronal progenitor cell proliferation, we collected retinas at different stages of light damage and performed small RNA high-throughput sequencing. We identified subsets of miRNAs that were differentially expressed during active regeneration but returned to basal levels once regeneration was completed. We then knocked down five different miRNAs that increased in expression and assessed the effects on retinal regeneration. Reduction of miR-142b and miR-146a expression significantly reduced INL proliferation at 51 h of light treatment, while knockdown of miR-7a, miR-27c, and miR-31 expression significantly reduced INL proliferation at 72 h of constant light. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs exhibit dynamic expression profiles during retinal regeneration and are necessary for neuronal progenitor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamya Rajaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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