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Farhangnia P, Ghods R, Falak R, Zarnani AH, Delbandi AA. Identification of placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC-1) expression on human PC-3 cell line-derived prostate cancer stem cells compared to the tumor parental cells. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:251. [PMID: 38943028 PMCID: PMC11213845 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC-1) is a gene primarily expressed in the placenta and the testis. Interestingly, it is also found to be expressed in many solid tumors, and it is involved in malignant cell features. However, no evidence has been reported regarding the relationship between PLAC-1 and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the current research, we explored the expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) derived from the human PC-3 cell line. The enrichment of PCSCs was achieved using a three-dimensional cell culture technique known as the sphere-formation assay. To confirm the identity of PCSCs, we examined the expression of genes associated with stemness and pluripotency, such as SOX2, OCT4, Nanog, C-Myc, and KLF-4, as well as stem cell differentiation molecules like CD44 and CD133. These evaluations were conducted in both the PCSCs and the original tumor cells (parental cells) using real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we assessed the expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in both enriched cells and parental tumor cells at the gene and protein levels using the same techniques. The tumor cells from the PC-3 cell line formed spheroids with CSC characteristics in a non-adherent medium. The expression of SOX2, OCT4, Nanog, and C-Myc genes (p < 0.01), and the molecules CD44 and CD133 (p < 0.05) were significantly elevated in PCSCs compared to the parental cells. The expression of the PLAC-1 molecule in PCSCs showed a significant increase compared to the parental cells at both gene (p < 0.01) and protein (p < 0.001) levels. In conclusion, it was indicated for the first time that PLAC-1 is up-regulated in PCSCs derived from human PC-3 cell line. This study may propose PLAC-1 as a potential target in targeted therapies, which should be confirmed through further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Delbandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Peptide-functionalized graphene oxide quantum dots as colorectal cancer theranostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:698-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Devor EJ, Santillan DA, Warrier A, Scroggins SM, Santillan MK. Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) expression is significantly down-regulated in preeclampsia via a hypoxia-mediated mechanism. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:8419-8425. [PMID: 34565269 PMCID: PMC8959068 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1977792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine a mechanism of PLAC1 regulation and its potential role in preeclampsia (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Placental tissue samples and detailed clinical information were obtained through the University of Iowa Maternal Fetal Tissue Bank (IRB# 200910784) from gestational and maternal age-matched control (n = 17) and PE affected pregnancies (n = 12). PLAC1 and PLAC1 promoter-specific expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and differences were assessed via the standard ΔΔCt method. In addition, the role of hypoxia in PLAC1 transcription was investigated through the exposure of HTR8/SVneo human trophoblast cells to the hypoxia mimic dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG). RESULTS PLAC1 expression is seen to be 8.9-fold lower in human placentas affected by preeclampsia in comparison with controls (p < .05). Further, this decrease is paralleled by a significantly lower expression of the P2 or proximal PLAC1 promoter (p < .05). Expression of mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1), a known hypoxia-sensitive transcription coactivator and PLAC1 effector, is significantly correlated with PLAC 1 expression (r2 = 0.607, p < .001). These data suggest that PLAC1 expression is significantly down-regulated in preeclampsia at least in part via a MED1 hypoxia-mediated mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that PLAC1 transcription is suppressed in the placentae of women affected by preeclampsia. We further demonstrate that this suppression is driven through the P2 or proximal PLAC1 promoter. This demonstration led to the identification of the MED1-TRAP cofactor complex as the hypoxia-sensitive driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Donna A. Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark K. Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Devor EJ, Schickling BM, Lapierre JR, Bender DP, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Leslie KK. The Synthetic Curcumin Analog HO-3867 Rescues Suppression of PLAC1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090942. [PMID: 34577642 PMCID: PMC8465575 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is associated with the increased proliferation and invasiveness of a variety of human cancers, including ovarian cancer. Recent studies have shown that the tumor suppressor p53 directly suppresses PLAC1 transcription. However, mutations in p53 lead to the loss of PLAC1 transcriptional suppression. Small molecules that structurally convert mutant p53 proteins to wild-type conformations are emerging. Our objective was to determine whether the restoration of the wild-type function of mutated p53 could rescue PLAC1 transcriptional suppression in tumors harboring certain TP53 mutations. Ovarian cancer cells OVCAR3 and ES-2, both harboring TP53 missense mutations, were treated with the p53 reactivator HO-3867. Treatment with HO-3867 successfully rescued PLAC1 transcriptional suppression. In addition, cell proliferation was inhibited and cell death through apoptosis was increased in both cell lines. We conclude that the use of HO-3867 as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutics in ovarian cancers harboring TP53 missense mutations could improve patient outcomes. Validation of this conclusion must, however, come from an appropriately designed clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Brandon M. Schickling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
| | - Jace R. Lapierre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
| | - David P. Bender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly K. Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (B.M.S.); (J.R.L.); (D.P.B.); (J.G.-B.); (K.K.L.)
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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5
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Chen R, Sheng C, Ma R, Zhang L, Yang L, Chen Y. PLAC1 is an independent predictor of poor survival, and promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:800. [PMID: 34523695 PMCID: PMC8456314 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is inversely associated with survival in several types of cancer. However, whether PLAC1 is involved in the progression of cervical cancer (CC) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of PLAC1 in CC by determining the relationship between clinicopathological factors, PLAC1 gene expression and survival prognosis using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses. Similarly, Kaplan-Meier curves were evaluated with the log-rank test. Subsequently, gene set enrichment analysis was performed to compare the high- and low-PLAC1 expression phenotypes. Functional studies were further conducted in PLAC1-overexpressing HeLa cells and PLAC1-silenced MS751 cells, and western blotting was performed to determine whether PLAC1 promoted CC progression via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The findings demonstrated that high expression of PLAC1 was associated with American Joint Committee on Cancer metastasis pathological score and suggested a poor overall survival. ‘mTOR complex 1 signaling’, ‘interferon α response’ and ‘hypoxia’ were differentially enriched in the high-PLAC1 phenotype. Furthermore, PLAC1 promoted the invasion of CC cells in vitro. E-cadherin expression was decreased in the PLAC1-overexpressing cells, accompanied by increased expression of the mesenchymal markers, Vimentin, MMP2 and Slug, and the opposite effects were observed in PLAC1-silenced cells. Taken together, the present results indicated that high expression of PLAC1 was associated with poor survival and PLAC1 promoted metastasis via EMT in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chan Sheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ruyue Ma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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6
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Ma J, Li L, Du J, Pan C, Zhang C, Chen Y. Placenta-specific protein 1 enhances liver metastatic potential and is associated with the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:220-231. [PMID: 32701605 PMCID: PMC8011505 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better explore the underlying mechanism of liver metastatic formation by placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) in human colorectal cancer, we investigated the proliferation, invasion and angiogenic capabilities of human colorectal cancer cells with different liver metastatic potentials as well as the mechanism of action of PLAC1 in the metastatic process. The expression of PLAC1 was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR, western blot, and real-time PCR. The effect of PLAC1 on metastatic potential was determined by proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis assays, including an in-vitro coculture system consisting of cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells that were used to detect the relationship between cancer cells and angiogenesis. In addition, we also determined PLAC1 downstream targets that preferentially contribute to the metastatic process. PLAC1 was expressed in HT-29, WiDr, and CaCo-2 colorectal cancer cells but not in Colo320 colorectal cancer cells. PLAC1 not only enhanced significantly the proliferation of CoLo320 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) but also promoted the invasion of CoLo320 cells. The angiogenesis of HUVECs was enhanced by PLAC1 in a dose-dependent manner. In cocultured systems, angiogenesis was significantly increased by coculture with HT-29 cells. In addition, PLAC1 could promote angiogenesis in coculture with HT-29 cells. Furthermore, PLAC1-enhanced metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells was dependent on the activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. The activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling by PLAC1 may be critical for metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. According to our results, we suggest that modification of PLAC1 function might be a promising new therapeutic approach to inhibit the aggressive spread of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachi Ma
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chengwu Pan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chensong Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Oncological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
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7
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Hayashi R, Nagato T, Kumai T, Ohara K, Ohara M, Ohkuri T, Hirata-Nozaki Y, Harabuchi S, Kosaka A, Nagata M, Yajima Y, Yasuda S, Oikawa K, Kono M, Kishibe K, Takahara M, Katada A, Hayashi T, Celis E, Harabuchi Y, Kobayashi H. Expression of placenta-specific 1 and its potential for eliciting anti-tumor helper T-cell responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 10:1856545. [PMID: 33457076 PMCID: PMC7781841 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1856545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is expressed primarily in placental trophoblasts but not in normal tissues and is a targetable candidate for cancer immunotherapy because it is a cancer testis antigen known to be up-regulated in various tumors. Although peptide epitopes capable of stimulating CD8 T cells have been previously described, there have been no reports of PLAC1 CD4 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes and the expression of this antigen in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we show that PLAC1 is highly expressed in 74.5% of oropharyngeal and 51.9% of oral cavity tumors from HNSCC patients and in several HNSCC established cell lines. We also identified an HTL peptide epitope (PLAC131-50) capable of eliciting effective antigen-specific and tumor-reactive T cell responses. Notably, this peptide behaves as a promiscuous epitope capable of stimulating T cells in the context of more than one human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR allele and induces PLAC1-specific CD4 T cells that kill PLAC1-positive HNSCC cell lines in an HLA-DR-restricted manner. Furthermore, T-cells reactive to PLAC131-50 peptide were detected in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. These findings suggest that PLAC1 represents a potential target antigen for HTL based immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Innovative Research for Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohara
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Hirata-Nozaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Marino Nagata
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yajima
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Respiratory and Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Michihisa Kono
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Innovative Research for Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Augusta University, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Mahmoudi AR, Ghods R, Rakhshan A, Madjd Z, Bolouri MR, Mahmoudian J, Rahdan S, Shokri MR, Dorafshan S, Shekarabi M, Zarnani AH. Discovery of a potential biomarker for immunotherapy of melanoma: PLAC1 as an emerging target. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:604-613. [PMID: 33106058 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1837865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma has increased in incidence worldwide prompting investigators to search for new biomarkers for targeted immunotherapy of this disease. Placenta specific 1 (PLAC1) is a new member of cancer-testis antigens with widespread expression in many types of cancer. Here, we aimed to study for the first time the expression pattern of PLAC1 in skin cancer samples including cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in comparison to normal skin and nevus tissues and potential therapeutic effect of anti-PLAC1 antibody in melanoma cancer cell lines in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were applied for immunohistochemical profiling of PLAC1 expression using tissue microarray. The cytotoxic action of anti-PLAC1 antibody alone or as an antibody drug conjugate (with anti-neoplastic agent SN38) was investigated in melanoma cell lines. RESULTS We observed that 100% (39 of 39) of melanoma tissues highly expressed PLAC1 with both cytoplasmic and surface expression pattern. Investigation of PLAC1 expression in BCC (n = 110) samples showed negative results. Cancer cells in SCC samples (n = 66) showed very weak staining. Normal skin tissues and nevus samples including congenital melanocytic nevus failed to express PLAC1. Anti-PLAC1-SN38 exerted a specific pattern of cytotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner in melanoma cells expressing surface PLAC1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings re-inforce the concept of re-expression of embryonic/placental tissue antigens in cancer and highlight the possibility of melanoma targeted therapy by employing anti-PLAC1 antibodies. The data presented here should lead to the future research on targeted immunotherapy of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad-Reza Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Rakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Bolouri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Mahmoudian
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Rahdan
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Dorafshan
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shekarabi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Mahmoudian J, Nazari M, Ghods R, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Ostad SN, Ghahremani MH, Vafaei S, Amiri MM, Zarnani AH. Expression of Human Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) in CHO-K1 Cells. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:24-31. [PMID: 32153735 PMCID: PMC7035464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1), as a new Cancer/Testis Antigen (CTA), is frequently expressed in a variety of cancers and localized to cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Surface expression of cancer target antigens is of great importance that enables antibody-mediated cancer immunotherapy. The aim of the current study was to express the intact human PLAC1 protein on plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell as a model for future anti-PLAC1-based cancer immunotherapy. METHODS In the first approach, entire human PLAC1 gene including its own Signal Peptide (SP) was cloned into pIRES2-EGFP and LeGO-iG2 vectors and expressed in CHO-K1 cells. In the second approach, cytosolic and Signal-Anchor (SA) sequence of Transferrin Receptor Protein 1 (TFR1) were fused to extracellular portion of PLAC1 and expressed as above. Expression of PLAC1 was then assessed using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western Blot (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunofluorescence (IF) and Flow Cytometry (FC). RESULTS The first approach resulted in the expression of PLAC1 in submembranous but not in the surface of transfected CHO-K1 cells. Using the chimeric human PLAC1 construct, the same intracellular expression pattern was observed. CONCLUSION These results indicated that there are some yet unknown PLAC1 localization signals employed by cancer cells for surface expression of PLAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mahmoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Amir-Hassan Zarnani, Ph.D., Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Mahboobeh Nazari, Ph.D., Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 22432020, Fax: +98 21 22432021, E-mail: ;, ,
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Vafaei
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, (ACECR), Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran, Immunology Research Center (IRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Amir-Hassan Zarnani, Ph.D., Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Mahboobeh Nazari, Ph.D., Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 22432020, Fax: +98 21 22432021, E-mail: ;, ,
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Mahmoudian J, Ghods R, Nazari M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Ghahremani MH, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Ostad SN, Zarnani AH. PLAC1: biology and potential application in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1039-1058. [PMID: 31165204 PMCID: PMC11028298 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has revolutionized medical oncology with unprecedented advances in cancer treatment over the past two decades. However, a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy is identifying appropriate tumor-specific antigens to make targeted therapy achievable with fewer normal cells being impaired. The similarity between placentation and tumor development and growth has inspired many investigators to discover antigens for effective immunotherapy of cancers. Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is one of the recently discovered placental antigens with limited normal tissue expression and fundamental roles in placental function and development. There is a growing body of evidence showing that PLAC1 is frequently activated in a wide variety of cancer types and promotes cancer progression. Based on the restricted expression of PLAC1 in testis, placenta and a wide variety of cancers, we have designated this molecule with new terminology, cancer-testis-placenta (CTP) antigen, a feature that PLAC1 shares with many other cancer testis antigens. Recent reports from our lab provide compelling evidence on the preferential expression of PLAC1 in prostate cancer and its potential utility in prostate cancer immunotherapy. PLAC1 may be regarded as a potential CTP antigen for targeted cancer immunotherapy based on the available data on its promoting function in cancer development and also its expression in cancers of different histological origin. In this review, we will summarize current data on PLAC1 with emphasis on its association with cancer development and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mahmoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nafisi Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Devor EJ, Cha E, Warrier A, Miller MD, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Leslie KK. The miR-503 cluster is coordinately under-expressed in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma and targets many oncogenes, cell cycle genes, DNA repair genes and chemotherapy response genes. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7205-7211. [PMID: 30425513 PMCID: PMC6203085 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The miR-503 miRNA cluster, located at Xq23.1, is composed of six miRNAs; miR-424, miR-503, miR-542, miR-450a-1, miR-450a-2 and miR-450b. Numerous studies have focused on the relationship of one or two members of the cluster and various human cancers. Here, we suggest that the entire cluster as a single coordinately expressed polycistron transcribed from a single promoter in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA). Subjects and methods A tissue panel composed of twenty histologically confirmed endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinomas (EEA) and four benign endometrium was assembled under informed consent. Expression of each member of the miR-503 cluster was determined by quantitative PCR and differences in expression between EEA and benign tissues were assessed via the standard ΔΔCt method. In addition, the role of promoter methylation status in miRNA expression was examined in Ishikawa H cells following exposure to the cytidine analog Decitabine. Results Expression of each member of the miR-503 cluster is significantly downregulated in EEA in our tumor sample. Both in our tumor sample and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) there is evidence of highly correlated expression further supporting the idea that the miR-503 cluster is a polycistron. Looking at each member of the miR-503 cluster we were able to identify 55 unique experimentally validated target genes which include a substantial number of genes involved in carcinogenesis, DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation and chemotherapeutic response. We also found preliminary evidence that regulation of the miR-503 cluster is governed by methylation of the promoter in EEA. Conclusion The totality of the data presented here strongly suggest that the miR-503 cluster as a whole merits further investigation as an important potential therapeutic target in EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA, .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
| | - Elizabeth Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
| | - Marina D Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA, .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA, .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA,
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12
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Li Y, Chu J, Li J, Feng W, Yang F, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun C, Yang M, Vasilatos SN, Huang Y, Fu Z, Yin Y. Cancer/testis antigen-Plac1 promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer through Furin/NICD/PTEN signaling pathway. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1233-1248. [PMID: 29704427 PMCID: PMC6068355 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta‐specific protein 1 (Plac1) is a cancer/testis antigen that plays a critical role in promoting cancer initiation and progression. However, the clinical significance and mechanism of Plac1 in cancer progression remain elusive. Here, we report that Plac1 is an important oncogenic and prognostic factor, which physically interacts with Furin to drive breast cancer invasion and metastasis. We have shown that Plac1 expression positively correlates with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, and overall patient survival. Overexpression of Plac1 promoted invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence cell staining assays revealed that interaction of Plac1 and Furin degraded Notch1 and generated Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) that could inhibit PTEN activity. These findings are consistent with the results of microarray study in MDA‐MB‐231 cells overexpressing Plac1. A rescue study showed that inhibition of Furin and overexpression of PTEN in Plac1 overexpression cells blocked Plac1‐induced tumor cell progression. Taken together, our findings suggest that functional interaction between Plac1 and Furin enhances breast cancer invasion and metastasis and the Furin/NICD/PTEN axis may act as an important therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiahui Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Wanting Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Shauna N Vasilatos
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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13
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Yuan H, Wang X, Shi C, Jin L, Hu J, Zhang A, Li J, Vijayendra N, Doodala V, Weiss S, Tang Y, Weiner LM, Glazer RI. Plac1 Is a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response and Immune Tolerance In Mammary Tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5717. [PMID: 29632317 PMCID: PMC5890253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plac1 is an X-linked trophoblast gene expressed at high levels in the placenta, but not in adult somatic tissues other than the testis. Plac1 however is re-expressed in several solid tumors and in most human cancer cell lines. To explore the role of Plac1 in cancer progression, Plac1 was reduced by RNA interference in EO771 mammary carcinoma cells. EO771 "knockdown" (KD) resulted in 50% reduction in proliferation in vitro and impaired tumor growth in syngeneic mice; however, tumor growth in SCID mice was equivalent to tumor cells expressing a non-silencing control RNA, suggesting that Plac1 regulated adaptive immunity. Gene expression profiling of Plac1 KD cells indicated reduction in several inflammatory and immune factors, including Cxcl1, Ccl5, Ly6a/Sca-1, Ly6c and Lif. Treatment of mice engrafted with wild-type EO771 cells with a Cxcr2 antagonist impaired tumor growth, reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, while increasing macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells and the penetration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor bed. Cxcl1 KD phenocopied the effects of Plac1 KD on tumor growth, and overexpression of Cxcl1 partially rescued Plac1 KD cells. These results reveal that Plac1 modulates a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment in part by modulating the chemokine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Chunmei Shi
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Jianxia Hu
- Laboratory of Thyroid Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Alston Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - James Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Nairuthya Vijayendra
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Venkata Doodala
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Spencer Weiss
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Robert I Glazer
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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Abstract
Placental-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is an X-linked trophoblast gene that is re-expressed in several malignancies, including breast cancer, and is therefore a potential biomarker to follow disease onset and progression. Sera from 117 preoperative/pretreatment breast cancer patients and 51 control subjects, including those with fibrocystic disease, were analyzed for the presence of PLAC1 protein as well as its expression by IHC in tumor biopsies in a subset of subjects. Serum PLAC1 levels exceeded the mean plus one standard deviation (mean+SD) of the level in control subjects in 67% of subjects with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 67% with HER2+ tumors, 73% with triple-negative cancer and 73% with ER+/PR+ tumors. Greater sensitivity was achieved using the mean+2 SD of control PLAC1 serum values, where the false positive rate was 3% and was exceeded by 38%, 40%, 60% and 43% of subjects with DCIS, HER2+, TNBC and ER+/PR+/HER2- tumors. PLAC1 was detected in 97% of tumor biopsies, but did not correlate quantitatively with serum levels. There was no significant correlation of serum PLAC1 levels with race, age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) or the presence of metastatic disease. It remains to be determined whether PLAC1 serum levels can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for the presence or recurrence of disease post-surgery and/or therapy.
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15
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The Genes of Life and Death: A Potential Role for Placental-Specific Genes in Cancer. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Devor EJ, Gonzalez-Bosquet J, Warrier A, Reyes HD, Ibik NV, Schickling BM, Newtson A, Goodheart MJ, Leslie KK. p53 mutation status is a primary determinant of placenta-specific protein 1 expression in serous ovarian cancers. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1721-1728. [PMID: 28339050 PMCID: PMC5403493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) expression is co-opted in numerous human cancers. As a consequence of PLAC1 expression, tumor cells exhibit enhanced proliferation and invasiveness. This characteristic is associated with increased aggressiveness and worse patient outcomes. Recently, the presence of the tumor suppressor p53 was shown in vitro to inhibit PLAC1 transcription by compromising the P1, or distal/cancer, promoter. We sought to determine if this phenomenon occurs in primary patient tumors as well. Furthermore, we wanted to know if p53 mutation influenced PLAC1 expression as compared with wild-type. We chose to study serous ovarian tumors as they are well known to have a high rate of p53 mutation. We report herein that the phenomenon of PLAC1 transcription repression does occur in serous ovarian carcinomas but only when TP53 is wild-type. We find that mutant or absent p53 protein de-represses PLAC1 transcription. We further propose that the inability of mutant p53 to repress PLAC1 transcription is due to the fact that the altered TP53 protein is unable to occupy a putative p53 binding site in the PLAC1 P1 promoter thus allowing transcription to occur. Finally, we show that PLAC1 transcript number is significantly negatively correlated with patient survival in our samples. Thus, we suggest that characterizing tumors for TP53 mutation status, p53 protein status and PLAC1 transcription could be used to predict likely prognosis and inform treatment options in patients diagnosed with serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Henry D Reyes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nonye V Ibik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brandon M Schickling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andreea Newtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Januar V, Desoye G, Novakovic B, Cvitic S, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of human placental function and pregnancy outcome: considerations for causal inference. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S182-96. [PMID: 26428498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, often defined as regulating gene activity independently of underlying DNA sequence, are crucial for healthy development. The sum total of epigenetic marks within a cell or tissue (the epigenome) is sensitive to environmental influence, and disruption of the epigenome in utero has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Not surprisingly, given its multifaceted functions and important role in regulating pregnancy outcome, the placenta shows unique epigenetic features. Interestingly however, many of these are only otherwise seen in human malignancy (the pseudomalignant placental epigenome). Epigenetic variation in the placenta is now emerging as a candidate mediator of environmental influence on placental functioning and a key regulator of pregnancy outcome. However, replication of findings is generally lacking, most likely due to small sample sizes and a lack of standardization of analytical approaches. Defining DNA methylation "signatures" in the placenta associated with maternal and fetal outcomes offers tremendous potential to improve pregnancy outcomes, but care must be taken in interpretation of findings. Future placental epigenetic research would do well to address the issues present in epigenetic epidemiology more generally, including careful consideration of sample size, potentially confounding factors, issues of tissue heterogeneity, reverse causation, and the role of genetics in modulating epigenetic profile. The importance of animal or in vitro models in establishing a functional role of epigenetic variation identified in human beings, which is key to establishing causation, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Januar
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Placenta-specific protein 1 is conserved throughout the Placentalia under purifying selection. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:537356. [PMID: 25180201 PMCID: PMC4142310 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental mammals (Placentalia) are a very successful group that, today, comprise 94% of all mammalian species. Recent phylogenetic analyses, coupled with new, quite complete fossils, suggest that the crown orders were all established rapidly from a common ancestor just after the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago. Extensive molecular and morphologic evidence has led to a description of the common ancestor of all Placentalia in which a two-horned uterus and a hemochorial placenta are present. Thus, the process of placentation in which the placenta invades and anchors to the uterine epithelium was already established. One factor that has been suggested as a crucial component of this process is placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1). A phylogenetic analysis of the PLAC1 protein in 25 placental mammal species, representing nine of the sixteen crown orders of the Placentalia, suggests that this protein was present in the placental common ancestor in the form we see it today, that it evolved in the Placentalia and has been subject to the effects of purifying selection since its appearance.
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Placenta-specific protein 1: a potential key to many oncofetal-placental OB/GYN research questions. Obstet Gynecol Int 2014; 2014:678984. [PMID: 24757447 PMCID: PMC3976915 DOI: 10.1155/2014/678984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is a secreted protein found in trophoblasts. Several reports implicate a central role for PLAC1 in establishment and maintenance of the placenta. In addition to placentae PLAC1 is expressed in a variety of solids including breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. In order to show that PLAC1 is potentially relevant to a number of research questions in OB/GYN, we report on PLAC1 expression in a selected panel that includes two choriocarcinoma cell lines, normal placental tissues, and endometrial and ovarian tumors. We report for the first time that PLAC1 is also expressed in human fetal tissues. PLAC1 is transcriptionally heterogeneous with one promoter (P1) generating two transcripts with alternately spliced 5' UTRs and the other promoter (P2) generating a third transcript. Placental tissues favor P2 transcripts, while P1 is favored in most of the other cells. Mechanisms determining multiple PLAC1 transcripts and promoter preferences are as yet unknown, but it is clear that this protein is likely to be important in a variety of phenomena relevant to both gynecologic oncology and maternal-fetal medicine.
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Yang GD, Yang XM, Lu H, Ren Y, Ma MZ, Zhu LY, Wang JH, Song WW, Zhang WM, Zhang R, Zhang ZG. SERPINA3 promotes endometrial cancer cells growth by regulating G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1348-1358. [PMID: 24817931 PMCID: PMC4014215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in women. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the pathological mechanisms of EC. SERPINA3 is a member of the serpin super-family of protease inhibitors. Its aberrant expression has been observed in various tumor cells. However, its clinical significance and biological function in endometrial cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that SERPINA3 expression was significantly up-regulated in EC samples and was closely correlated with lower differentiation, higher stage, positive lymph node or vascular thrombosis and negative estrogen receptor (ER), indicating a poor prognosis. We then demonstrated that SERPINA3 promoted EC cells proliferation by regulating G2/M checkpoint in cell cycle and inhibited cells apoptosis, and we further uncovered that the pro-proliferative effect of SERPINA3 on EC was likely ascribed to the activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. The results of our study may provide insight into the application of SERPINA3 as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes and a potential therapeutic target of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Dong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine200240 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Maternal and Child Care HospitalChangzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Ze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine200240 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Yan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center200032 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengxian Hospital, Southern Medical University201499 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine200240 Shanghai, P.R. China
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Novakovic B, Saffery R. Placental pseudo-malignancy from a DNA methylation perspective: unanswered questions and future directions. Front Genet 2013; 4:285. [PMID: 24368911 PMCID: PMC3857887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing fetus is dependent on adequate placental function for delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen, and for waste removal. The placenta also plays an important protective role; shielding the developing baby from the maternal immune system and adverse environmental exposures. Fundamental to these processes is correct invasion of the decidua and remodeling of maternal vasculature, each of which show remarkable parallels to tumorogenesis, with the obvious exception that the former is usually a tightly controlled process. It is not surprising that these physiological similarities are mirrored in gene expression and epigenetic parallels, many not found in any other aspect of human development. In this perspective, we summarize known DNA methylation similarities between placenta and human tumors, and discuss the implications and knowledge gaps associated with these findings. We also speculate on the potential origin of common DNA methylation features in these two disparate aspects of human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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