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Nazeri Z, Zarezade V, Jamalan M, Cheraghzadeh M, Azizidoost S, Kheirollah A. Carbon nanotubes induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis through increasing protein levels of Bax and ROS in mouse skin fibroblasts. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:148-156. [PMID: 39035585 PMCID: PMC11257208 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_157_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a significant discovery in nanotechnology, with widespread applications in modern technology. However, there are concerns about their potential toxicity, particularly in skin cells. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which CNTs induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in mouse skin fibroblasts. Experimental approach The mice skin fibroblasts were isolated and exposed to two types of CNTs at various concentrations and then analyzed for changes in viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and lactate production. Findings/Results The results demonstrated that CNTs reduced cell viability and increased ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the current study found that CNTs increased the protein levels of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, in mouse skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, it was observed a significant decrease in lactate production in cells exposed to CNTs. Conclusion and implications The findings concluded that CNTs have the potential to be toxic substances for skin fibroblasts, which serve as the body's first line of defense. This is evidenced by their ability to increase the production of ROS and the protein levels of Bax, as well as reduce lactic acid levels. As lactic acid has been reported to have beneficial effects on skin collagen production, further studies are needed to fully understand the impact of carbon nanotube exposure on human skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nazeri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Zarezade
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jamalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Cheraghzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- 548-E Borwell Research Building, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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2
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Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials in Cosmetics: Focus on Dermal and Hair Dyes Products. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials use in cosmetics is markedly enhancing, so their exposure and toxicity are important parameters to consider for their risk assessment. This review article provides an overview of the active cosmetic ingredients used for cosmetic application, including dermal cosmetics and also hair dye cosmetics, as well as their safety assessment, enriched with a compilation of the safety assessment tests available to evaluate the different types of toxicity. In fact, despite the increase in research and the number of papers published in the field of nanotechnology, the related safety assessment is still insufficient. To elucidate the possible effects that nanosized particles can have on living systems, more studies reproducing similar conditions to what happens in vivo should be conducted, particularly considering the complex interactions of the biological systems and active cosmetic ingredients to achieve newer, safer, and more efficient nanomaterials. Toward this end, ecological issues and the toxicological pattern should also be a study target.
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3
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Pagar RR, Musale SR, Pawar G, Kulkarni D, Giram PS. Comprehensive Review on the Degradation Chemistry and Toxicity Studies of Functional Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2161-2195. [PMID: 35522605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades there has been growing interest of material chemists in the successful development of functional materials for drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, diagnosis, theranostic, and other biomedical applications with advanced nanotechnology tools. The efficacy and safety of functional materials are determined by their pharmacological, toxicological, and immunogenic effects. It is essential to consider all degradation pathways of functional materials and to assess plausible intermediates and final products for quality control. This review provides a brief insight into chemical degradation mechanisms of functional materials like oxidation, photodegradation, and physical and enzymatic degradation. The intermediates and products of degradation were confirmed with analytical methods such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mass spectroscopy, and other sophisticated analytical methods. These analytical methods are also used for regulatory, quality control, and stability purposes in industry. The assessment of degradation is important to predetermine the behavior of functional materials in specific storage conditions and can be relevant to their behavior during in vivo applications. Another important aspect is the evaluation of the toxicity of functional materials. Toxicity can be accessed with various methods using in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico models. In vitro cell culture methods are used to determine mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species, stress responses, and cellular toxicity. In vitro cellular toxicity can be measured by MTT assay, LDH leakage assay, and hemolysis. In vivo studies are performed using various animal models involving zebrafish, rodents (mice and rats), and nonhuman primates. Ex vivo studies are also used for efficacy and toxicity determinations of functional materials like ex vivo potency assay and precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) models. The in silico tools with computational simulations like quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), dose and time response, and quantitative cationic-activity relationships ((Q)CARs) are used for prediction of the toxicity of functional materials. In this review, we studied the principle methods used for degradation studies, different degradation pathways, and mechanisms of functional material degradation with prototype examples. We discuss toxicity assessments with different toxicity approaches used for estimation of the safety and efficacy of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani R Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Shubham R Musale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Ganesh Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Deepak Kulkarni
- Srinath College of Pharmacy, Bajajnagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431136, India
| | - Prabhanjan S Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
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4
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Roda E, Luca FD, Locatelli CA, Ratto D, Di Iorio C, Savino E, Bottone MG, Rossi P. From a Medicinal Mushroom Blend a Direct Anticancer Effect on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Preclinical Study on Lung Metastases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225400. [PMID: 33218180 PMCID: PMC7699227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive metabolites isolated from medicinal mushrooms (MM) used as supportive treatment in conventional oncology have recently gained interest. Acting as anticancer agents, they interfere with tumor cells and microenvironment (TME), disturbing cancer development/progression. Nonetheless, their action mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Recently, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we demonstrated that supplementation with Micotherapy U-Care, a MM blend, produced a striking reduction of lung metastases density/number, paralleled by decreased inflammation and oxidative stress both in TME and metastases, together with QoL amelioration. We hypothesized that these effects could be due to either a direct anticancer effect and/or to a secondary/indirect impact of Micotherapy U-Care on systemic inflammation/immunomodulation. To address this question, we presently focused on apoptosis/proliferation, investigating specific molecules, i.e., PARP1, p53, BAX, Bcl2, and PCNA, whose critical role in BC is well recognized. We revealed that Micotherapy U-Care is effective to influence balance between cell death and proliferation, which appeared strictly interconnected and inversely related (p53/Bax vs. Bcl2/PARP1/PCNA expression trends). MM blend displayed a direct effect, with different efficacy extent on cancer cells and TME, forcing tumor cells to apoptosis. Yet again, this study supports the potential of MM extracts, as adjuvant supplement in the TNBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-0382-5924-14 (E.R.); +39-0382-8960-76 (P.R.)
| | - Fabrizio De Luca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ratto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Carmine Di Iorio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Elena Savino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Paola Rossi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.D.L.); (D.R.); (C.D.I.); (M.G.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.R.); Tel.: +39-0382-5924-14 (E.R.); +39-0382-8960-76 (P.R.)
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5
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Samiei F, Shirazi FH, Naserzadeh P, Dousti F, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes inhalation on the brain of rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12096-12111. [PMID: 31984464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the brain toxicity following the respiratory contact with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to 5 mg/m3 MWCNT aerosol in different sizes and purities for 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks in a whole-body exposure chamber. After 2-week exposure, mitochondrial isolation was performed from different parts of rat brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum) and parameters of mitochondrial toxicity including mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release, ATP level, mitochondrial GSH, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that MWCNTs with different characteristics, in size and purity, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased SDH activity, GSH, and ATP level, and increased mitochondrial ROS production, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse, and cytochrome c release in the brain mitochondria. In conclusion, we suggested that MWCNTs with different characteristics, in size and purity, induce damage in varying degrees on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increase mitochondrial ROS formation in different parts of rat brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samiei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Hosseini Shirazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Dousti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Zhang RQ, Liu ZQ, Luo YL, Xu F, Chen YS. Tri-stimuli responsive carbon nanotubes covered by mesoporous silica graft copolymer multifunctional materials for intracellular drug delivery. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Dutt TS, Mia MB, Saxena RK. Elevated internalization and cytotoxicity of polydispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes in activated B cells can be basis for preferential depletion of activated B cells in vivo. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:849-860. [PMID: 31232140 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1593541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of polydispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (AF-SWCNTs) in resting and LPS-activated B cells was studied using fluorescence-tagged AF-SWCNTs (FAF-SWCNTs). Activated B cells internalized substantially higher amounts of FAF-SWCNTs [76.5% AF-SWCNT+ B cells, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) 720.6] as compared to the resting B cells [39.5% AF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 198.5]. B cells in S and G2/M phases were found to have significantly higher uptake of FAF-SWCNTs as compared to cells in G0/G1 phase. Confocal microscopy indicated that AF-SWCNTs were essentially localized on cell membrane in resting B cells, whereas in activated B cells, AF-SWCNTs were distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Targeting of AF-SWCNTs specifically to activated B cells in vivo was examined by first administering intravenously LPS-activated B cells tagged with fluorescence tracer (CFSE) in mice, followed by FAF-SWCNTs through the same route. It was found that FAF-SWCNTs were specifically taken up by CFSE+CD19+-activated B cells (95% FAF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 3725) as compared to CFSE- CD19+ resting B cells (31.1% FAF-SWCNT+ B cells, MFI 428). Administration (i.v.) of LPS resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of B cell in mouse spleen that was reduced by 68% by administering AF-SWCNTs. In control mice, the corresponding decrease in B cell proportion was 49%, which was significantly lower (p < 0.005) than the decline in LPS-treated mice. These results indicate that AF-SWCNTs may have the potential as an agent for depleting activated B cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru S Dutt
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
| | - Md Babu Mia
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
| | - Rajiv K Saxena
- a Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , South Asian University , Chanakyapuri , India
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8
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Kafshgari MH, Mazare A, Distaso M, Goldmann WH, Peukert W, Fabry B, Schmuki P. Intracellular Drug Delivery with Anodic Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes and Nanocylinders. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14980-14985. [PMID: 30916543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) holds remarkable promises for developing current theranostic strategies. Anodic TiO2 nanostructures as a porous scaffold have offered a broad range of useful theranostic properties; however, previous attempts to generate single and uniform TiO2 one-dimensional nanocarriers from anodic nanotube arrays have resulted in a broad cluster size distribution of arbitrarily broken tubes that are unsuitable for therapeutic delivery systems due to poor biodistribution and the risk of introducing tissue inflammation. Here, we achieve well-separated, uniformly shaped anodic TiO2 nanotubes and nanocylinders through a time-varying electrochemical anodization protocol that leads to the generation of planar sheets of weakly connected nanotubes with a defined fracture point near the base. Subsequent sonication cleanly detaches the nanotubes from the base. Depending on the position of the fracture point, we can fabricate single-anodic nanocylinders that are open on both ends and nanotubes that are closed on one end. We proceed to show that anodic nanotubes and nanocylinders are nontoxic at therapeutic concentrations. When conjugated with the anticancer drug doxorubicin using a pH-responsive linker, they are readily internalized by cells and subsequently release their drug cargo into acidic intracellular compartments. Our results demonstrate that uniformly sized anodic TiO2 nanotubes and nanocylinders are suitable for subcellular delivery of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen 91052 , Germany
| | | | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Biophysics Group , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen 91052 , Germany
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Abu Gazia M, El-Magd MA. Effect of pristine and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes on rat renal cortex. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:207-217. [PMID: 30591315 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within environmental, occupational and consumer settings has raised concerns regarding their biosafety and adverse effects on human health. The present study was designed to investigate the possible adverse effect of pristine and functionalized (amylated and polyethelene glycol coated) multi-walled (MW) CNTs on rat kidney with special concern to the histological alterations and the associated oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Healthy male albino rats (n = 40) were randomly divided into 4 groups: group I (control), group II (pristine MWCNTs), group III (amylated MWCNTs) and group IV [polyethelene glycol (PEG)-coated MWCNTs]. Animals of groups II, III and IV received a single dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of MWCNTs via intra-tracheal (IT) instillation at the beginning of the experiment and all rats were sacrificed after 30 days. Rats in groups II and III showed, nearly similar, renal tissue damage (evidenced by thin collapsed glomeruli, packed mesangial and endothelial cells as well as edematous hemorrhagic glomeruli with apoptotic changes) and functional disruptions (indicated by high serum levels of urea and creatinine) probably through induction of oxidative stress [revealed by high level of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], apoptosis (indicated by high caspase 3 activity), and inflammation (evidenced by high level of IL1β). However, PEG-coated MWCNTs-treated group (group IV) showed nearly normal renal structure and function. It could be concluded that pristine and functionalized amylated MWCNTs have nephrotoxic effect, while PEG-coated MWCNTs had lowest, or none, toxic effects making them safer for therapy and diagnosis of a variety of diseases.
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Park MV, Catalán J, Ferraz N, Cabellos J, Vanhauten R, Vázquez-Campos S, Janer G. Development of a systematic method to assess similarity between nanomaterials for human hazard evaluation purposes - lessons learnt. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:652-676. [PMID: 29732939 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1465142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Within the EU FP-7 GUIDEnano project, a methodology was developed to systematically quantify the similarity between a nanomaterial (NM) that has been tested in toxicity studies and the NM for which risk needs to be evaluated, for the purpose of extrapolating toxicity data between the two materials. The methodology is a first attempt to use current knowledge on NM property-hazard relationships to develop a series of pragmatic and systematic rules for assessing NM similarity. Moreover, the methodology takes into account the practical feasibility, in that it is based on generally available NM characterization information. In addition to presenting this methodology, the lessons learnt and the challenges faced during its development are reported here. We conclude that there is a large gap between the information that is ideally needed and its application to real cases. The current database on property-hazard relationships is still very limited, which hinders the agreement on the key NM properties constituting the basis of the similarity assessment and the development of associated science-based and unequivocal rules. Currently, one of the most challenging NM properties to systematically assess in terms of similarity between two NMs is surface coating and functionalization, which lacks standardized parameters for description and characterization methodology. Standardization of characterization methods that lead to quantitative, unambiguous, and measurable parameters describing NM properties are necessary in order to build a sufficiently robust property-hazard database that allows for evidence-based refinement of our methodology, or any other attempt to systematically assess the similarity of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet Vdz Park
- a National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Health Protection , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Julia Catalán
- b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Natalia Ferraz
- d Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Gemma Janer
- e Leitat Technological Center , Terrassa , Spain
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Wiemann M, Sauer UG, Vennemann A, Bäcker S, Keller JG, Ma-Hock L, Wohlleben W, Landsiedel R. In Vitro and In Vivo Short-Term Pulmonary Toxicity of Differently Sized Colloidal Amorphous SiO₂. NANOMATERIALS 2018. [PMID: 29534009 PMCID: PMC5869651 DOI: 10.3390/nano8030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro prediction of inflammatory lung effects of well-dispersed nanomaterials is challenging. Here, the in vitro effects of four colloidal amorphous SiO2 nanomaterials that differed only by their primary particle size (9, 15, 30, and 55 nm) were analyzed using the rat NR8383 alveolar macrophage (AM) assay. Data were compared to effects of single doses of 15 nm and 55 nm SiO2 intratracheally instilled in rat lungs. In vitro, all four elicited the release of concentration-dependent lactate dehydrogenase, β-glucuronidase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the two smaller materials also released H2O2. All effects were size-dependent. Since the colloidal SiO2 remained well-dispersed in serum-free in vitro conditions, effective particle concentrations reaching the cells were estimated using different models. Evaluating the effective concentration–based in vitro effects using the Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials, all four nanomaterials were assigned as “active.” This assignment and the size dependency of effects were consistent with the outcomes of intratracheal instillation studies and available short-term rat inhalation data for 15 nm SiO2. The study confirms the applicability of the NR8383 AM assay to assessing colloidal SiO2 but underlines the need to estimate and consider the effective concentration of such well-dispersed test materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiemann
- IBR R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Mendelstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ursula G Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy-Animal Welfare, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Vennemann
- IBR R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Mendelstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- BASF SE, Human Biomonitoring and Industrial Hygiene, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | | | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Advanced Materials Research, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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12
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Xu C, Liu Q, Liu H, Zhang C, Shao W, Gu A. Toxicological assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in vitro: potential mitochondria effects on male reproductive cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39270-39278. [PMID: 27248475 PMCID: PMC5129931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used in many fields and were reported to cause reversible testis damage in mice at high-dose. However the reproductive effects of low dose MWCNTs remained elusive. Herein, we used the mice spermatocyte cell line (GC-2spd) to assess the reproductive effects of MWCNTs. Size distribution, zeta potential, and intensity of MWCNTs were characterized. A maximal concentration of 0.5 μg/mL MWCNTs was found to be nonlethal to GC-2spd. At this dose, cell cycles and the ROS levels were in normal status. We also found MWCNTs accumulated in mitochondria, which caused potential mitochondrial DNA damage in spermatocyte. Furthermore, the expression level of mitochondria-related genes, the oxygen consumption rate, and cellular ATP content were declined compared to controls, even at the nonlethal dose. Our results suggested for the first time that, in germ cells, mitochondrion was a cellular organelle that accumulated MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Roda E, Barni S, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Colombo G, Coccini T. Single Silver Nanoparticle Instillation Induced Early and Persisting Moderate Cortical Damage in Rat Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102115. [PMID: 28994738 PMCID: PMC5666797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential toxic effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), administered by a single intratracheal instillation (i.t), was assessed in a rat model using commercial physico-chemical characterized nanosilver. Histopathological changes, overall toxic response and oxidative stress (kidney and plasma protein carbonylation), paralleled by ultrastructural observations (TEM), were evaluated to examine renal responses 7 and 28 days after i.t. application of a low AgNP dose (50 µg/rat), compared to an equivalent dose of ionic silver (7 µg AgNO3/rat). The AgNPs caused moderate renal histopathological and ultrastructural alteration, in a region-specific manner, being the cortex the most affected area. Notably, the bulk AgNO3, caused similar adverse effects with a slightly more marked extent, also triggering apoptotic phenomena. Specifically, 7 days after exposure to both AgNPs and AgNO3, dilatation of the intercapillary and peripheral Bowman’s space was observed, together with glomerular shrinkage. At day 28, these effects still persisted after both treatments, accompanied by an additional injury involving the vascular component of the mesangium, with interstitial micro-hemorrhages. Neither AgNPs nor AgNO3 induced oxidative stress effects in kidneys and plasma, at either time point. The AgNP-induced moderate renal effects indicate that, despite their benefits, novel AgNPs employed in consumer products need exhaustive investigation to ensure public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Barni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology and Poison Control Centre and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA-Benefit Corporation, IRCCS Pavia, via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Duke KS, Bonner JC. Mechanisms of carbon nanotube-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a physicochemical characteristic perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1498. [PMID: 28984415 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with numerous beneficial applications. However, they could pose a risk to human health from occupational or consumer exposures. Rodent models demonstrate that exposure to CNTs via inhalation, instillation, or aspiration results in pulmonary fibrosis. The severity of the fibrogenic response is determined by various physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial such as residual metal catalyst content, rigidity, length, aggregation status, or surface charge. CNTs are also increasingly functionalized post-synthesis with organic or inorganic agents to modify or enhance surface properties. The mechanisms of CNT-induced fibrosis involve oxidative stress, innate immune responses of macrophages, cytokine and growth factor production, epithelial cell injury and death, expansion of the pulmonary myofibroblast population, and consequent extracellular matrix accumulation. A comprehensive understanding of how physicochemical properties affect the fibrogenic potential of various types of CNTs should be considered in combination with genetic variability and gain or loss of function of specific genes encoding secreted cytokines, enzymes, or intracellular cell signaling molecules. Here, we cover the current state of the literature on mechanisms of CNT-exposed pulmonary fibrosis in rodent models with a focus on physicochemical characteristics as principal drivers of the mechanisms leading to pulmonary fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Respiratory Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Duke
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Stueckle TA, Davidson DC, Derk R, Wang P, Friend S, Schwegler-Berry D, Zheng P, Wu N, Castranova V, Rojanasakul Y, Wang L. Effect of surface functionalizations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on neoplastic transformation potential in primary human lung epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:613-624. [PMID: 28513319 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1332253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (fMWCNT) development has been intensified to improve their surface activity for numerous applications, and potentially reduce toxic effects. Although MWCNT exposures are associated with lung tumorigenesis in vivo, adverse responses associated with exposure to different fMWCNTs in human lung epithelium are presently unknown. This study hypothesized that different plasma-coating functional groups determine MWCNT neoplastic transformation potential. Using our established model, human primary small airway epithelial cells (pSAECs) were continuously exposed for 8 and 12 weeks at 0.06 μg/cm2 to three-month aged as-prepared-(pMWCNT), carboxylated-(MW-COOH), and aminated-MWCNTs (MW-NHx). Ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) and crocidolite asbestos (ASB) served as particle controls. fMWCNTs were characterized during storage, and exposed cells were assessed for several established cancer cell hallmarks. Characterization analyses conducted at 0 and 2 months of aging detected a loss of surface functional groups over time due to atmospheric oxidation, with MW-NHx possessing less oxygen and greater lung surfactant binding affinity. Following 8 weeks of exposure, all fMWCNT-exposed cells exhibited significant increased proliferation compared to controls at 7 d post-treatment, while UFCB- and ASB-exposed cells did not differ significantly from controls. UFCB, pMWCNT, and MW-COOH exposure stimulated significant transient invasion behavior. Conversely, aged MW-NHx-exposed cells displayed moderate increases in soft agar colony formation and morphological transformation potential, while UFCB cells showed a minimal effect compared to all other treatments. In summary, surface properties of aged fMWCNTs can impact cell transformation events in vitro following continuous, occupationally relevant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Stueckle
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Donna C Davidson
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Ray Derk
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Peng Wang
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Sherri Friend
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- c Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- c Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Vince Castranova
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Liying Wang
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
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16
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Khan NS, Dixit AK, Mehta R. Nanoparticle Toxicity in Water, Soil, Microbes, Plant and Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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17
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Bollu VS, Nethi SK, Dasari RK, Rao SSN, Misra S, Patra CR. Evaluation ofin vivocytogenetic toxicity of europium hydroxide nanorods (EHNs) in male and female Swiss albino mice. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:413-25. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1073398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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FANIZZA C, CASCIARDI S, INCORONATO F, CAVALLO D, URSINI C, CIERVO A, MAIELLO R, FRESEGNA A, MARCELLONI A, LEGA D, ALVINO A, BAIGUERA S. Human epithelial cells exposed to functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: interactions and cell surface modifications. J Microsc 2015; 259:173-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D. CAVALLO
- INAIL; DMEILA; Monteporzio Catone Rome Italy
| | - C.L. URSINI
- INAIL; DMEILA; Monteporzio Catone Rome Italy
| | - A. CIERVO
- INAIL; DMEILA; Monteporzio Catone Rome Italy
| | - R. MAIELLO
- INAIL; DMEILA; Monteporzio Catone Rome Italy
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Del Buffa S, Bonini M, Ridi F, Severi M, Losi P, Volpi S, Al Kayal T, Soldani G, Baglioni P. Design and characterization of a composite material based on Sr(II)-loaded clay nanotubes included within a biopolymer matrix. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:501-7. [PMID: 25778738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity of a hybrid nanocomposite material made of Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite nanotubes included within a biopolymer (3-polyhydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) matrix. The Sr(II)-loaded inorganic scaffold is intended to provide mechanical resistance, multi-scale porosity, and to favor the in-situ regeneration of bone tissue thanks to its biocompatibility and bioactivity. The interaction of the hybrid system with the physiological environment is mediated by the biopolymer coating, which acts as a binder, as well as a diffusional barrier to the Sr(II) release. The degradation of the polymer progressively leads to the exposure of the Sr(II)-loaded Halloysite scaffold, tuning its interaction with osteogenic cells. The in vitro biocompatibility of the composite was demonstrated by cytotoxicity tests on L929 fibroblast cells. The results indicate that this composite material could be of interest for multiple strategies in the field of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Del Buffa
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Silvia Volpi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Tamer Al Kayal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soldani
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Graft Technology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; CSGI Consortium, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
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Awara K, Kitai R, Isozaki M, Neishi H, Kikuta K, Fushisato N, Kawamoto A. Thin-film electroencephalographic electrodes using multi-walled carbon nanotubes are effective for neurosurgery. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:166. [PMID: 25511926 PMCID: PMC4290091 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoperative morphological and functional monitoring is essential for safe neurosurgery. Functional monitoring is based on electroencephalography (EEG), which uses silver electrodes. However, these electrodes generate metal artifacts as silver blocks X-rays, creating white radial lines on computed tomography (CT) images during surgery. Thick electrodes interfere with surgical procedures. Thus, thinner and lighter electrodes are ideal for intraoperative use. Methods The authors developed thin brain electrodes using carbon nanotubes that were formed into thin sheets and connected to electrical wires. Results The nanotube sheets were soft and fitted the curve of the head very well. When attached to the head using paste, the impedance of the newly developed electrodes was 5 kΩ or lower, which was similar to that of conventional metal electrodes. These electrodes can be used in combination with intraoperative CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or cerebral angiography. Somatosensory-evoked potentials, auditory brainstem responses, and visually evoked potentials were clearly identified in ten volunteers. The electrodes, without any artifacts that distort images, did not interfere with X-rays, CT, or MR images. They also did not cause skin damage. Conclusions Carbon nanotube electrodes may be ideal for neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuhei Kitai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki Eiheijimatsuoka, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Landsiedel R, Sauer UG, Ma-Hock L, Schnekenburger J, Wiemann M. Pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials: a critical comparison of published in vitro assays and in vivo inhalation or instillation studies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2557-85. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, guidance on how to incorporate in vitro assays into integrated approaches for testing and assessment of nanomaterials is unavailable. In addressing this shortage, this review compares data from in vitro studies to results from in vivo inhalation or intratracheal instillation studies. Globular nanomaterials (ion-shedding silver and zinc oxide, poorly soluble titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide, and partly soluble amorphous silicon dioxide) and nanomaterials with higher aspect ratios (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) were assessed focusing on the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) reference nanomaterials for these substances. If in vitro assays are performed with dosages that reflect effective in vivo dosages, the mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity can be assessed. In early tiers of integrated approaches for testing and assessment, knowledge on mechanisms of toxicity serves to group nanomaterials thereby reducing the need for animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula G Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy – Animal Welfare, Neubiberg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Schnekenburger
- Biomedical Technology Centre of the Medical Faculty of Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D gGmbH Institute for Lung Health, Münster, Germany
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Orecchioni M, Bedognetti D, Sgarrella F, Marincola FM, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on immune cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:138. [PMID: 24885781 PMCID: PMC4067374 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently proposed that nanomaterials, alone or in concert with their specific biomolecular conjugates, can be used to directly modulate the immune system, therefore offering a new tool for the enhancement of immune-based therapies against infectious disease and cancer. Here, we revised the publications on the impact of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), graphene and carbon nanohorns on immune cells. Whereas f-CNTs are the nanomaterial most widely investigated, we noticed a progressive increase of studies focusing on graphene in the last couple of years. The majority of the works (56%) have been carried out on macrophages, following by lymphocytes (30% of the studies). In the case of lymphocytes, T cells were the most investigated (22%) followed by monocytes and dendritic cells (7%), mixed cell populations (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 6%), and B and natural killer (NK) cells (1%). Most of the studies focused on toxicity and biocompatibility, while mechanistic insights on the effect of carbon nanotubes on immune cells are generally lacking. Only very recently high-throughput gene-expression analyses have shed new lights on unrecognized effects of carbon nanomaterials on the immune system. These investigations have demonstrated that some f-CNTs can directly elicitate specific inflammatory pathways. The interaction of graphene with the immune system is still at a very early stage of investigation. This comprehensive state of the art on biocompatible f-CNTs and graphene on immune cells provides a useful compass to guide future researches on immunological applications of carbon nanomaterials in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Manke A, Luanpitpong S, Rojanasakul Y. Potential Occupational Risks Associated with Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2. [PMID: 25621290 PMCID: PMC4300531 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Given their remarkable properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have made their way through various industrial and medicinal applications and the overall production of CNTs is expected to grow rapidly in the next few years, thus requiring an additional recruitment of workers. However, their unique applications and desirable properties are fraught with concerns regarding occupational exposure. The concern about worker exposure to CNTs arises from the results of recent animal studies. Short-term and sub-chronic exposure studies in rodents have shown consistent adverse health effects such as pulmonary inflammation, granulomas, fibrosis, genotoxicity and mesothelioma after inhalation or instillation of several types of CNTs. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of CNTs such as dispersion, functionalization and particle size can significantly affect their pulmonary toxicity. Risk estimates from animal studies necessitate implementation of protective measures to limit worker exposure to CNTs. Information on workplace exposure is very limited, however, studies have reported that CNTs can be aerosolized and attain respirable airborne levels during synthesis and processing activities in the workplace. Quantitative risk assessments from sub-chronic animal studies recommend the health-based need to reduce exposures below the recommended exposure limit of 1 µg/m3. Practice of prevention measures including the use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, health surveillance program, safe handling and use, as well as worker training can significantly minimize worker exposure and improve worker health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA ; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA ; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Gottardi R, Douradinha B. Carbon nanotubes as a novel tool for vaccination against infectious diseases and cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:30. [PMID: 24025216 PMCID: PMC3846653 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unusual properties, carbon nanotubes have been extensively employed in electronics, nanotechnology and optics, amongst other. More recently, they have also been used as vehicles for drug and antigen delivery, the latter being a novel immunization strategy against infectious diseases and cancer. Here we discuss the potential of carbon nanotubes as an antigen delivery tool and suggest further directions in the field of vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Malaria Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Malaria Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Malaria Vaccines/immunology
- Malaria, Vivax/immunology
- Malaria, Vivax/prevention & control
- Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gottardi
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo (PA) 90133, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Room 239, Pittsburgh (PA) 15219, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1247 Benedum Hall, 3700 OHara Street, Room 427, Pittsburgh (PA) 15261, USA
| | - Bruno Douradinha
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, Palermo (PA) 90133, Italy
- University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3 room 9052, Pittsburgh (PA) 15261, USA
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