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Zhang Q, Duncan S, Szulc DA, Kutryk MJB. Antibody functionalized intravascular devices combined with genetically engineered endothelial colony-forming cells for targeted drug delivery: a proof-of-concept study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:218-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Exploring Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells to Better Understand the Pathophysiology of Disease: An Updated Review. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4460041. [PMID: 35615696 PMCID: PMC9126670 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4460041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions. The collection of ECs from patients is typically conducted postmortem or through invasive procedures, such as surgery and interventional procedures, hampering efforts to clarify the role of ECs in disease onset and progression. In contrast, endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), also termed late endothelial progenitor cells, late outgrowth endothelial cells, blood outgrowth endothelial cells, or endothelial outgrowth cells, are obtained in a minimally invasive manner, namely, by the culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in endothelial growth medium. ECFCs resemble mature ECs phenotypically, genetically, and functionally, making them excellent surrogates for ECs. Numerous studies have been performed that examined ECFC function in conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, congenital bicuspid aortic valve disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, venous thromboembolic disease, and von Willebrand disease. Here, we provide an updated review of studies using ECFCs that were performed to better understand the pathophysiology of disease. We also discuss the potential of ECFCs as disease biomarkers and the standardized methods to culture, quantify, and evaluate ECFCs and suggest the future direction of research in this field.
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MicroRNA-132-3p, Downregulated in Myeloid Angiogenic Cells from Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients, Is Enriched in the TGFβ and PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathways. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040665. [PMID: 35456471 PMCID: PMC9027908 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by life-threatening vascular dysplasia. Myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), alternatively called early endothelial progenitor cells or circulating angiogenic cells, do not directly incorporate into developing blood vessels, but augment angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. MAC dysfunction has been reported in HHT. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cellular function by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. To date, the role of miRNAs in HHT MAC dysfunction has not been documented. Objective. The goal of this study was to comparatively profile miRNAs in HHT patient and control MACs to identify dysregulated miRNAs that may be responsible for the observed MAC dysfunction in HHT. Methodology/Results. Twenty-three dysregulated miRNAs (twenty-one upregulated and two downregulated) in HHT MACs were identified with a TaqMan miRNA microarray. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the dysregulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in HHT pathogenesis, such as the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and Hippo signalling pathways. Furthermore, miR-132-3p was determined to be significantly reduced in HHT MACs compared with controls by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-132-3p is significantly enriched in the TGFβ and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, targeting SMAD4, an effector of the TGFβ signalling pathway and RASA1, a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, respectively. Conclusion. MiRNA dysregulation, specifically reduced expression of miR-132-3p, in HHT MACs was identified. The dysregulated miRNAs are significantly enriched in the TGFβ, PI3K/AKT, and Hippo signalling pathways. These data suggest that alteration in miRNA expression may impair these pathways and contribute to MAC dysfunction in HHT.
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Yan F, Liu X, Ding H, Zhang W. Paracrine mechanisms of endothelial progenitor cells in vascular repair. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151833. [PMID: 34929523 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in repairing damaged blood vessels and promoting neovascularization. However, the specific mechanism of EPCs promoting vascular repair is still unclear. Currently, there are two different views on the repair of damaged vessels by EPCs, one is that EPCs can directly differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and integrate into injured vessels, the other is that EPCs act on cells and blood vessels by releasing paracrine substances. But more evidence now supports the latter. Therefore, the paracrine mechanisms of EPCs are worth further study. This review describes the substances secreted by EPCs, some applications based on paracrine effects of EPCs, and the studies of paracrine mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases--all of these are to support the view that EPCs repair blood vessels through paracrine effects rather than integrating directly into damaged vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchen Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Huang Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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Kumboyono K, Chomsy IN, Nurwidyaningtyas W, Cesa FY, Tjahjono CT, Wihastuti TA. Differences in senescence of late Endothelial Progenitor Cells in non-smokers and smokers. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 34131419 PMCID: PMC8171388 DOI: 10.18332/tid/135320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are part of hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into endothelial cells during their blood vessels' maturation process. The role of EPCs is widely known to contribute to repair of the vascular wall when endothelial dysfunction occurs. However, various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) influence EPC performance, leading to endothelial dysfunction. One EPC dysfunction is decreased amount of EPC mobilization to the injured tissue. EPC dysfunction reduces the angiogenetic function of EPCs. The vital maturation process that the EPCs must pass is the late phase. The dysfunction of late EPCs is known as senescence. This study aimed to identify and compare senescence of late EPCs, through CD62E and CD41 markers, in non-smokers and smokers as a risk factor for CVD. METHODS EPC collection was from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in non-smokers (n=30) and smokers (n=31). The EPCs were then marked by CD62E/CD41 and senescence β-galactosidase assay using FACS. Identification of senescence cells was based on fluorescence with DAPI. RESULTS Positive percentage of late EPCs in non-smokers was not significantly different from that in smokers (p=0.014). The number of senescent late EPCs in smokers was higher than in non-smokers (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial progenitor cells that experienced senescence in the smokers showed EPC dysfunction, which resulted in decreased cell angiogenic function. Further research is needed to explain the mechanism of re-endothelialization failure in EPC dysfunction due to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Cholid Tri Tjahjono
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Alexandru N, Safciuc F, Constantin A, Nemecz M, Tanko G, Filippi A, Dragan E, Bãdilã E, Georgescu A. Platelets of Healthy Origins Promote Functional Improvement of Atherosclerotic Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:424. [PMID: 31068820 PMCID: PMC6491786 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the effect of platelets on functional properties of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), in the direct co-culture conditions, and to investigate the involved mediators, in experimental induced atherosclerosis. The late EPCs obtained from two animal groups, hypertensive-hyperlipidemic (HH) and control (C) hamsters, named late EPCs-HH and late EPCs-C, were co-incubated with or without platelets isolated from both groups. Our results have showed that exposure to platelets from control animals: (i) promoted the late EPCs-C capacity to form colonies and capillary-like structures, and also to proliferate and migrate; (ii) improved the functional properties of late EPCs-HH; (iii) strengthened the direct binding EPCs-platelets; (iv) increased SDF-1α,VEGF, PDGF, and reduced CD40L, IL-1β,-6,-8 levels; and (v) enhanced miR-223 and IGF-1R expressions. Platelets from HH group diminished functional abilities for both EPC types and had opposite effects on these pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory molecules. Furthermore, testing the direct effect of miR-223 and IGF-1R on late EPCs disclosed that these molecular factors improve late EPC functional properties in atherosclerosis in terms of stimulation of the proliferation and migration abilities. In conclusion, in vitro exposure to platelets of healthy origins had a positive effect on functional properties of atherosclerotic late EPCs. The most likely candidates mediating EPC-platelet interaction can be SDF-1α, VEGF, CD40L, PDGF, IL-1β,-6,-8, miR-223, and IGF-1R. The current study brings evidences that the presence of healthy origin platelets is of utmost importance on functional improvement of EPCs in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Safciuc
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Constantin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Nemecz
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Tanko
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Dragan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Bãdilã
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu' of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Zhang Q, Zucco L, Toshner M, Morrell NW, Granton J, Stewart DJ, Kutryk MJB. Myeloid angiogenic cells exhibit impaired migration, reduced expression of endothelial markers, and increased apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:306-312. [PMID: 30557040 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare and devastating condition. There is no known cure for IPAH, and current treatment options are not always effective. Autologous myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) have been explored as a novel therapy for IPAH, but preliminary data from clinical trials show limited beneficial effects. A complete understanding of IPAH MAC function remains elusive. This study was designed to comprehensively compare cell function between IPAH MACs and healthy control MACs. MACs were procured through the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in endothelial selective medium for 7 days. Compared with healthy MACs, IPAH MACs exhibited (1) significantly lower levels of endothelial markers as shown by fluorescence microscopy; (2) a markedly higher rate of apoptosis under both normal culture condition and serum starvation as shown by the TUNEL assay; (3) significantly decreased migration towards vascular endothelial growth factor as shown by a modified Boyden chamber migration assay; and (4) similar vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels as shown by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. In conclusion, various aspects of IPAH MAC function are impaired. To achieve greater therapeutic benefits, pharmacologic and (or) genetic manipulations to improve IPAH MAC function, particularly to promote cell survival and migration, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwang Zhang
- a Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Liana Zucco
- b Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Toshner
- c University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- c University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Granton
- d University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- e Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Michael J B Kutryk
- a Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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Microarray Analysis Reveals a Potential Role of lncRNA Expression in 3,4-Benzopyrene/Angiotensin II-Activated Macrophage in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9495739. [PMID: 29181036 PMCID: PMC5664287 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9495739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal disease, and exposure to 3,4-benzopyrene (Bap) is closely related to the development of AAA. We have found that Bap could impair the biological function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are associated with the occurrence of AAA. We have also demonstrated that macrophage activation plays a key role in Bap-induced AAA, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we used a mouse lncRNA array to investigate the expression signatures of lncRNAs and mRNAs in Bap-activated macrophage. A total of 457 lncRNAs and 219 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. The function of differential mRNAs was determined by pathway and Gene Ontology analysis. Eight pathways associated with inflammation were upregulated, and seven pathways including cell apoptosis were downregulated. It was worth noting that AGE-RAGE pathway, which was involved in Bap-induced EPC dysfunction, was significantly upregulated in Bap-activated macrophage and may contribute to AAA formation. Thus, lncRNAs may exert a key role in activated macrophages and intervene the core lncRNAs and may inhibit the occurrence of a series of cascade reactions in the macrophages, which may provide potential targets for AAA caused by smoking.
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9
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Delayed Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy Promotes Bone Defect Repair in a Clinically Relevant Rat Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7923826. [PMID: 28523072 PMCID: PMC5390645 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7923826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of segmental bone defects remains a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have successfully promoted the repair of acute defects in animal models; however, the ability of EPCs to induce the repair of chronic nonhealing defects, such as those often encountered clinically, has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of EPCs delivered in delayed fashion to induce the repair of nonhealing defects in a clinically relevant model. In order to simulate delayed treatment, 5 mm segmental defects in Fischer 344 rat femora were treated with bone marrow-derived EPCs on a Gelfoam scaffold at 3 weeks post creation of the defect. At ten weeks posttreatment, 100% of EPC-treated defects achieved union, whereas complete union was only achieved in 37.5% of defects treated with Gelfoam alone. Furthermore, significant increases in ultimate torque (p = 0.022) and torsional stiffness (p = 0.003) were found in EPC-treated defects compared to controls. Critically, no differences in outcomes were observed between acute and delayed EPC treatments. These results suggest that EPCs can enhance bone healing when applied in an acute or delayed fashion and that their use may represent a clinically translatable therapy for bone healing in humans.
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10
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Munoz-Pinto DJ, Erndt-Marino JD, Becerra-Bayona SM, Guiza-Arguello VR, Samavedi S, Malmut S, Reichert WM, Russell B, Höök M, Hahn MS. Evaluation of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cell and umbilical vein endothelial cell responses to thromboresistant collagen-mimetic hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1712-1724. [PMID: 28218444 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive coatings which support the adhesion of late-outgrowth peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EOCs) are actively being investigated as a means to promote rapid endothelialization of "off-the-shelf," small-caliber arterial graft prostheses following implantation. In the present work, we evaluated the behavior of EOCs on thromboresistant graft coatings based on the collagen-mimetic protein Scl2-2 and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) diacrylate. Specifically, the attachment, proliferation, migration, and phenotype of EOCs on PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels were evaluated as a function of Scl2-2 concentration (4, 8, and 12 mg/mL) relative to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results demonstrate the ability of each PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogel formulation to support EOC and HUVEC adhesion, proliferation, and spreading. However, only the 8 and 12 mg/mL PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels were able to support stable EOC and HUVEC confluence. These PEG-Scl2-2 formulations were, therefore, selected for evaluation of their impact on EOC and HUVEC phenotype relative to PEG-collagen hydrogels. Cumulatively, both gene and protein level data indicated that 8 mg/mL PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels supported similar or improved levels of EOC maturation relative to PEG-collagen controls based on evaluation of CD34, VEGFR2, PECAM-1, and VE-Cadherin. The 8 mg/mL PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels also appeared to support similar or improved levels of EOC homeostatic marker expression relative to PEG-collagen hydrogels based on von Willebrand factor, collagen IV, NOS3, thrombomodulin, and E-selectin assessment. Combined, the present results indicate that PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels warrant further investigation as "off-the-shelf" graft coatings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1712-1724, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany J Munoz-Pinto
- Department of Engineering Science, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Josh D Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | | | | | - Satyavrata Samavedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Sarah Malmut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - William M Reichert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brooke Russell
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, TAM Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, TAM Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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Secretome from resident cardiac stromal cells stimulates proliferation, cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis of progenitor cells. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:396-403. [PMID: 27404713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the heart, tissue-derived signals play a central role on recruiting/activating stem cell sources to induce cardiac lineage specification for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. Cardiac resident stromal cells (CRSCs) may play a pivotal role in cardiac repair throughout their secretome. Here, we performed the characterization of CRSCs and their secretome by analyzing the composition of their culture-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) and conditioned medium (CM) and by investigating their potential effect on adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) and progenitor cell behavior. We confirmed that CRSCs are a heterogeneous cell population whose secretome is composed by proteins related to cellular growth, immune response and cardiovascular development and function. We also observed that CRSC secretome was unable to change the behavior of ADSCs, except for proliferation. Additionally, CM from CRSCs demonstrated the potential to drive proliferation and cardiac differentiation of H9c2 cells and also the ability to induce angiogenesis in vitro. Our data suggest that the CRSCs can be a source of important modulating signals for cardiac progenitor cell recruitment/activation.
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Flamini V, Jiang WG, Lane J, Cui YX. Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:177-89. [PMID: 26917455 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer conveys profound social and economic consequences throughout the world. Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality and, when it occurs, cancer becomes almost incurable. During metastatic dissemination, cancer cells pass through a series of complex steps including the establishment of tumour-associated angiogenesis. The human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are a cell population derived from the bone marrow which are required for endothelial tubulogenesis and neovascularization. They also express abundant inflammatory cytokines and paracrine angiogenic factors. Clinically hEPCs are highly correlated with relapse, disease progression, metastasis and treatment response in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It has become evident that the hEPCs are involved in the angiogenesis-required progression and metastasis of tumours. However, it is not clear in what way the signalling pathways, controlling the normal cellular function of human BM-derived EPCs, are hijacked by aggressive tumour cells to facilitate tumour metastasis. In addition, the actual roles of hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis-mediated metastasis are not well characterised. In this paper we reviewed the clinical relevance of the hEPCs with cancer diagnosis, progression and prognosis. We further summarised the effects of tumour microenvironment on the hEPCs and underlying mechanisms. We also hypothesized the roles of altered hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. We hope this review may enhance our understanding of the interaction between hEPCs and tumour cells thus aiding the development of cellular-targeted anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Yu-Xin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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13
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Endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis: another brick in the wall. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:832649. [PMID: 26000021 PMCID: PMC4427119 DOI: 10.1155/2015/832649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Until 15 years ago, vasculogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from undifferentiated cells, was thought to occur only during embryonic development. The discovery of circulating cells that are able to promote vascular regeneration and repair—the so-called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)—changed that, and EPCs have since been studied extensively. It is already known that EPCs include many subtypes of cells that play a variety of roles in promoting vascular growth. Some EPCs are destined to differentiate into endothelial cells, whereas others are capable of promoting and sustaining angiogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis might constitute complementary mechanisms for postnatal neovascularization, and EPCs could be at the core of this process. Although the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature plays a beneficial role in many physiological processes, such as wound healing, it also contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. However, many aspects of the role played by EPCs in tumor angiogenesis remain unclear. This review aims to address the main aspects of EPCs differentiation and certain characteristics of their main function, especially in tumor angiogenesis, as well as the potential clinical applications.
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14
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Chang E, Paterno J, Duscher D, Maan ZN, Chen JS, Januszyk M, Rodrigues M, Rennert RC, Bishop S, Whitmore AJ, Whittam AJ, Longaker MT, Gurtner GC. Exercise induces stromal cell-derived factor-1α-mediated release of endothelial progenitor cells with increased vasculogenic function. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 135:340e-350e. [PMID: 25626819 PMCID: PMC4311572 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to traffic to and incorporate into ischemic tissues, where they participate in new blood vessel formation, a process termed vasculogenesis. Previous investigation has demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells appear to mobilize from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation after exercise. In this study, the authors investigate potential etiologic factors driving this mobilization and investigate whether the mobilized endothelial progenitor cells are the same as those present at baseline. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n = 5) performed a monitored 30-minute run to maintain a heart rate greater than 140 beats/min. Venous blood samples were collected before, 10 minutes after, and 24 hours after exercise. Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated and evaluated. RESULTS Plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α significantly increased nearly two-fold immediately after exercise, with a nearly four-fold increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells 24 hours later. The endothelial progenitor cells isolated following exercise demonstrated increased colony formation, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of angiogenic cytokines. Postexercise endothelial progenitor cells also exhibited a more robust response to hypoxic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Exercise appears to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells and augment their function by means of stromal cell-derived factor 1α-dependent signaling. The population of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized following exercise is primed for vasculogenesis with increased capacity for proliferation, differentiation, secretion of cytokines, and responsiveness to hypoxia. Given the evidence demonstrating positive regenerative effects of exercise, this may be one possible mechanism for its benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chang
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Josemaria Paterno
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dominik Duscher
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Zeshaan N. Maan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jerry S. Chen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert C. Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sarah Bishop
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Arnetha J. Whitmore
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alexander J. Whittam
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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15
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Zucco L, Zhang Q, Kuliszewski MA, Kandic I, Faughnan ME, Stewart DJ, Kutryk MJ. Circulating angiogenic cell dysfunction in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89927. [PMID: 24587130 PMCID: PMC3934937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) play an important role in vascular repair and regeneration. This study was designed to examine the function of CACs derived from patients with HHT. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) isolated from patients with HHT and age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were assessed for expression of CD34, CD133 and VEGF receptor 2 by flow cytometry. PBMNCs were cultured to procure early outgrowth CACs. Development of endothelial cell (EC) phenotype in CACs was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. CAC apoptosis was assayed with Annexin V staining, and CAC migration assessed by a modified Boyden chamber assay. mRNA expression of endoglin (ENG), activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ACVLR1 or ALK1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in CACs was measured by real time RT-PCR. The percentage of CD34+ cells in PBMNCs from HHT patients was significantly higher than in PBMNCs of healthy controls. CACs derived from patients with HHT not only showed a significant reduction in EC-selective surface markers following 7-day culture, but also a significant increase in the rate of basal apoptosis and blunted migration in response to vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell-derived factor-1. CACs from HHT patients expressed significantly lower levels of ENG, ALK1 and eNOS mRNAs. In conclusion, CACs from patients with HHT exhibited various functional impairments, suggesting a reduced regenerative capacity of CACs to repair the vascular lesions seen in HHT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Zucco
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St. George’s Hospital Trust, South Thames Foundation School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuwang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Kuliszewski
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ivana Kandic
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie E. Faughnan
- Division of Respirology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael J. Kutryk
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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