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Goulart AC, Rodrigues AAZ, Heleno FF, Faria AMD, Goulart SM, Queiroz MELRD. Liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extractions with low-temperature partitioning - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342795. [PMID: 38969398 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The paper represents the first review of solvent extraction techniques utilizing the low-temperature partitioning/purification (LTP) approach. Initially conceived in the 1960s to purify extracts from fatty matrices, it wasn't until the 2000s that this approach received increasing attention for its efficacy in extracting organic compounds from diverse samples, often without additional cleanup steps. This review covers a brief history and proposes a mechanism for LTP-based solvent extraction. Furthermore, the principal practical issues of the technique are spotlighted, elucidating the factors influencing extraction efficiency. The advantages, limitations, and potential combinations with other extraction techniques of the LTP-based solvent extractions are analyzed. The versatility of the LTP approach is demonstrated by its applications in extracting various compounds from food, environmental, and biological samples, emphasizing its potential for rapid sample preparation with minimal steps, few chemicals, and minimal analyst intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Fernandes Heleno
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Anizio Marcio de Faria
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, 1600, Bairro Tupã, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
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2
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Ma JH, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Feng XS. Organosulfur in food samples: Recent updates on sampling, pretreatment and determination technologies. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463769. [PMID: 36610185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs), mainly found in garlic, are the main biologically active substances for their pharmacological effects, including lowering of blood pressure and cholesterol, anti-cancer effect, liver protection, and anti-inflammatory. Efficient and sensitive pretreatment and determination methods of OSCs in different food matrices are of great significance. This review provides a comprehensive summary about the pretreatment and determination methods for OSCs in different food samples since 2010. Commonly used pretreatment methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, liquid-liquid microextraction, solid phase extraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and so on, have been summarized and overviewed in this paper. In particular, we discussed and compared various analysis methods including high performance liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography-based methods, and few other methods. Finally, we tried to highlight the applicability, advantages and disadvantages of different pretreatment and analysis methods, and identified future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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3
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Freitas LVPD, Alves LMG, Sicupira LC, Pinho GPD, Silvério FO. Determination of DDT in honey samples by liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) combined to HPLC-DAD. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1955-1964. [PMID: 33913942 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Honey is widely consumed worldwide, however, this food can be contaminated by chemical contaminants, such as the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Despite legal restrictions on DDT use, this organochlorine pesticide has been detected in honey collected in several developed and developing countries, representing risks to human health, animals, and the environment due to its high environmental persistence, potential carcinogenicity, and ecotoxicological effects. Thus, the development of an analytical method for DDT monitoring in this matrix is important to ensure food security. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize and validate a simple, low-cost, and efficient method using the liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) to determine DDT in honey samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The proposed method was validated according to SANTE guidelines, being considered selective, precise, accurate, and linear in the range of 8.0-160 μg kg-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) achieved were 4.0 and 8.0 μg kg-1, respectively. This LOQ value is lower than the maximum residue limit established by the Brazilian and European Union legislation. Therefore, the LLE-LTP combined to HPLC-DAD allows the routine analysis of DDT in honey samples and can be widely applied in studies to monitor this pesticide, especially in developing countries, where DDT use is still allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Victor Pereira de Freitas
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mao X, Yan A, Wan Y, Luo D, Yang H. Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Using Microporous Sorbent UiO-66 Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A QuEChERS-Type Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Edible Vegetable Oils without Matrix Interference. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1760-1770. [PMID: 30657679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS-type method without matrix interference was designed and developed to determine organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils, based on dispersive solid-phase extraction with cleanup using UiO-66 as sorbent. Microporous UiO-66 directly and selectively adsorbed organophosphorus pesticides and excluded interfering compounds. Clean analytes were obtained by elution and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dispersive solid-phase extraction conditions (amount of adsorbent, extraction time, desorption solvent volume, and elution time) were optimized. The limits of detection of the pesticides in vegetable oils were 0.16-1.56 ng/g. Under optimized conditions, the average pesticide recoveries were 81.1-113.5%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations for analyte recovery were <8.2 and <13.9%, respectively. Thus, the method is reliable and could detect organophosphorus pesticide residues in edible vegetable oils. Furthermore, UiO-66 can be easily recycled and reused at least 10 times, reducing the cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongmei Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chifeng University , Chifeng 024000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Food Science and Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
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5
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Liu M, Xie Y, Li H, Meng X, Zhang Y, Hu D, Zhang K, Xue W. Multiresidue determination of 29 pesticide residues in pepper through a modified QuEChERS method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1686-95. [PMID: 27076195 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development and use of a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine 29 pesticide residues in green, red and dehydrated red peppers. Pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile (1% acetic acid), partitioned with sodium chloride and purified with primary secondary amino and octadecyl silane in acetone. The QuEChERS extraction conditions were optimized, and the matrix effects that might influence recoveries were evaluated and minimized using matrix-matched calibration curves. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves for 29 pesticides showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/mL with determination coefficient R(2) > 0.998. The limits of quantification of the 29 pesticides were 0.006-0.06 mg/kg for green pepper, 0.005-0.039 mg/kg for red pepper and 0.014-0.25 mg/kg for dehydrated red pepper. These values are below the suggested regulatory maximum residue limits. The mean recoveries ranged between 70.1 and 110%, and the relative standard deviations were <13%. The developed method was successfully applied to commercial samples. Some samples were found to contain the 29 pesticides with levels below the legal limits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haichang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingang Meng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.,Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Liu Y, Mo R, Zhong D, Shen D, Ni Z, Tang F. The Fate of Organophosphorus Pesticides during Camellia Oil Production. J Food Sci 2015; 80:T1926-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
| | - Runhong Mo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
| | - Donglian Zhong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
| | - Fubin Tang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Fuyang 311400 P. R. China
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A multiresidue method for simultaneous determination of 44 organophosphorous pesticides in Pogostemon cablin and related products using modified QuEChERS sample preparation procedure and GC–FPD. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 974:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li R, He L, Zhou T, Ji X, Qian M, Zhou Y, Wang Q. Simultaneous determination of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in duck muscle by modified QuEChERS coupled to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2899-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deme P, Azmeera T, Prabhavathi Devi B, Jonnalagadda PR, Prasad R, Vijaya Sarathi U. An improved dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up method for the gas chromatography–negative chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometric determination of multiclass pesticide residues in edible oils. Food Chem 2014; 142:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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