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Veeragoni D, Deshpande S, Rachamalla HK, Ande A, Misra S, Mutheneni SR. In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer and Genotoxicity Profiles of Green Synthesized and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2324-2339. [PMID: 35426672 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized (Ag-PTs) employing the crude extract of Padina tetrastromatica, a marine alga, and their anticancer and safety profile were compared with those of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by in vitro and in vivo models. Ag-PT exhibited potent cytotoxicity against B16-F10 (IC50 = 3.29), MCF-7 (IC50 = 4.36), HEPG2 (IC50 =3.89), and HeLa (IC50 = 4.97) cancer cell lines, whereas they exhibited lower toxicity on normal CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 5.16). The potent anticancer activity of Ag-PTs on cancer cells is due to the liberation of ions from the nanoparticles. Increased ion internalization to the cells promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ultimately leads to cell death. The in vitro anticancer results and in vivo melanoma tumor regression study showed significant inhibition of melanoma tumor growth due to Ag-PT treatment. Ag-PT is involved in the upregulation of the p53 protein and downregulation of Sox-2 along with the Ki-67 protein. The antitumor effects of Ag-PTs may be due to the additional release of ions at a lower pH of the tumor microenvironment than that of the normal tissue. The results of safety investigations of Ag-PT by studying mitotic chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronucleus (MN) induction, and mitotic index (MI) demonstrated Ag-PT to be less genotoxic compared to Ag-NP. The bioefficacy and toxicology outcomes together demonstrated that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-PTs) could be explored to develop a biocompatible, therapeutic agent and a vehicle of drug delivery for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arundha Ande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Meola G. Myotonic dystrophy type 2: the 2020 update. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:222-234. [PMID: 33458578 PMCID: PMC7783423 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The myotonic dystrophies are the commonest cause of adult-onset muscular dystrophy. Phenotypes of DM1 and DM2 are similar, but there are some important differences, including the presence or absence of congenital form, muscles primarily affected (distal vs proximal), involved muscle fiber types (type 1 vs type 2 fibers), and some associated multisystemic phenotypes. There is currently no cure for the myotonic dystrophies but effective management significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality of patients. For the enormous understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2, these diseases are now called "spliceopathies" and are mediated by a primary disorder of RNA rather than proteins. Despite clinical and genetic similarities, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 are distinct disorders requiring different diagnostic and management strategies. Gene therapy for myotonic dystrophy type 1 and myotonic dystrophy type 2 appears to be very close and the near future is an exciting time for clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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3
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Alì M, Monti CB, Melazzini L, Cardani R, Fossati B, Cavalli M, Chow K, Secchi F, Meola G, Sardanelli F. Rare Disease: Cardiac Risk Assessment With MRI in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Neurol 2020; 11:192. [PMID: 32265828 PMCID: PMC7098463 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate myocardial strain and extracellular volume in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients as potential imaging biomarkers of subclinical cardiac pathology. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 9 DM1 patients without apparent cardiac disease who had undergone cardiac magnetic resonance at our center. Patients were age- and sex-matched with healthy controls. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare cardiac strain between the two groups. The t-test was used to compare the extracellular volume obtained in DM1 patients with that in healthy subject. Spearman's ρ was used for studying the associations among imaging parameters. Results: Global cardiac strain (median -19.1%; IQR -20.5%, -16.5%) in DM1 patients was lower (p = 0.011) than that in controls (median-21.7%; IQR-22.7%,-21.3%). Global extracellular volume in DM1 patients (median 32.3%; IQR 29.3%,36.8%) was significantly (p = 0.008) higher than that reported in literature in healthy subjects (median 25.6%; IQR 19.9%,31.9%). Global cardiac strain showed a strong, positive correlation with septal strain (ρ = 0.767, p = 0.016) and with both global (ρ = 0.733 p = 0.025) and septal extracellular volume (ρ = 0.767, p = 0.016). Discussion: The increase in cardiac extracellular volume and decrease in strain are signs of early cardiac pathology in DM1. Physicians dealing with DM1 may take into consideration cardiac magnetic resonance as a screening tool to identify early cardiac involvement in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alì
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Stereotactic Radiosurgery, C.D.I. Centro Diagnostico Italiano S.p.A., Milan, Italy.,Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Caterina Beatrice Monti
- PhD Course in Integrative Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Melazzini
- PhD Course in Integrative Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Cavalli
- Postgraduate School in Neurology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Francesco Secchi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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4
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Passeri E, Sansone VA, Sconfienza LM, Messina C, Meola G, Corbetta S. Fragility fractures and bone mineral density in male patients affected by type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 30:28-34. [PMID: 31902642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is a multisystemic disorder affecting skeletal muscle. Male patients have an increased risk of fractures and develop a number of endocrine/metabolic impairments known to adversely affect bone health. The aim of this study was primarily to determine the occurrence of fragility fractures and the bone mineralization status (lumbar spine, hip and total body by dual X-ray absorptiometry) in 36 male patients affected with type 1 myotonic dystrophy and 13 male patients affected with type 2 myotonic dystrophy. Fragility fractures occurred in 15 type 1 and 7 type 2 myotonic dystrophy in non-classical osteoporotic sites, such as metatarses. Hip osteopenia was the most frequent finding, particularly in type 2 (n = 6) than type 1 myotonic dystrophy patients (n = 1), while osteoporosis was rare. Patients with type 1 myotonic dystrophy presented higher total body bone mass density than patients with type 2 myotonic dystrophy and healthy controls and lumbar spine was associated positively with the severity of the disease. Gonadic failure, with low testosterone and reduced INSL3 levels, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance correlated with reduced body mass index in both type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophic patients. The independent determinant of fragility fractures were low total body mass index, low blood testosterone and low global muscle mass.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Adult
- Body Mass Index
- Bone Density
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/pathology
- Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging
- Fractures, Bone/etiology
- Fractures, Bone/metabolism
- Fractures, Bone/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myotonic Dystrophy/complications
- Myotonic Dystrophy/metabolism
- Myotonic Dystrophy/pathology
- Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoporosis/etiology
- Osteoporosis/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/pathology
- Pelvic Bones/diagnostic imaging
- Pelvic Bones/pathology
- Testosterone/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- E Passeri
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - V A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, The NEMO (NEuroMuscular Omniservice) Clinical Center, Milan 20162, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - L M Sconfienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - C Messina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - G Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
| | - S Corbetta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan 20161, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
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5
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Bosè F, Renna LV, Fossati B, Arpa G, Labate V, Milani V, Botta A, Micaglio E, Meola G, Cardani R. TNNT2 Missplicing in Skeletal Muscle as a Cardiac Biomarker in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 but Not in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2. Front Neurol 2019; 10:992. [PMID: 31611837 PMCID: PMC6776629 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac involvement is one of the most important manifestations of the multisystemic phenotype of patients affected by myotonic dystrophy (DM) and represents the second cause of premature death. Molecular mechanisms responsible for DM cardiac defects are still unclear; however, missplicing of the cardiac isoform of troponin T (TNNT2) and of the cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) genes might contribute to the reduced myocardial function and conduction abnormalities seen in DM patients. Since, in DM skeletal muscle, the TNNT2 gene shows the same aberrant splicing pattern observed in cardiac muscle, the principal aim of this work was to verify if the TNNT2 aberrant fetal isoform expression could be secondary to myopathic changes or could reflect the DM cardiac phenotype. Analysis of alternative splicing of TNNT2 and of several genes involved in DM pathology has been performed on muscle biopsies from patients affected by DM type 1 (DM1) or type 2 (DM2) with or without cardiac involvement. Our analysis shows that missplicing of muscle-specific genes is higher in DM1 and DM2 than in regenerating control muscles, indicating that these missplicing could be effectively important in DM skeletal muscle pathology. When considering the TNNT2 gene, missplicing appears to be more evident in DM1 than in DM2 muscles since, in DM2, the TNNT2 fetal isoform appears to be less expressed than the adult isoform. This evidence does not seem to be related to less severe muscle histopathological alterations that appear to be similar in DM1 and DM2 muscles. These results seem to indicate that the more severe TNNT2 missplicing observed in DM1 could not be related only to myopathic changes but could reflect the more severe general phenotype compared to DM2, including cardiac problems that appear to be more severe and frequent in DM1 than in DM2 patients. Moreover, TNNT2 missplicing significantly correlates with the QRS cardiac parameter in DM1 but not in DM2 patients, indicating that this splicing event has good potential to function as a biomarker of DM1 severity and it should be considered in pharmacological clinical trials to monitor the possible effects of different therapeutic approaches on skeletal muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosè
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Arpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Labate
- University Cardiology Unit, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Milani
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
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6
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Naro A, Portaro S, Milardi D, Billeri L, Leo A, Militi D, Bramanti P, Calabrò RS. Paving the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of gait impairment in myotonic dystrophy: a pilot study focusing on muscle networks. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:116. [PMID: 31533780 PMCID: PMC6751609 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proper rehabilitation program targeting gait is mandatory to maintain the quality of life of patients with Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Assuming that gait and balance impairment simply depend on the degree of muscle weakness is potentially misleading. In fact, the involvement of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in DM1 pathophysiology calls into account the deterioration of muscle coordination in gait impairment. Our study aimed at demonstrating the presence and role of muscle connectivity deterioration in patients with DM1 by a CNS perspective by investigating signal synergies using a time-frequency spectral coherence and multivariate analyses on lower limb muscles while walking upright. Further, we sought at determining whether muscle networks were abnormal secondarily to the muscle impairment or primarily to CNS damage (as DM1 is a multi-system disorder also involving the CNS). In other words, muscle network deterioration may depend on a weakening in signal synergies (that express the neural drive to muscles deduced from surface electromyography data). METHODS Such an innovative approach to estimate muscle networks and signal synergies was carried out in seven patients with DM1 and ten healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Patients with DM1 showed a commingling of low and high frequencies among muscle at both within- and between-limbs level, a weak direct neural coupling concerning inter-limb coordination, a modest network segregation, high integrative network properties, and an impoverishment in the available signal synergies, as compared to HCs. These network abnormalities were independent from muscle weakness and myotonia. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that gait impairment in patients with DM1 depends also on a muscle network deterioration that is secondary to signal synergy deterioration (related to CNS impairment). This suggests that muscle network deterioration may be a primary trait of DM1 rather than a maladaptive mechanism to muscle degeneration. This information may be useful concerning the implementation of proper rehabilitative strategies in patients with DM1. It will be indeed necessary not only addressing muscle weakness but also gait-related muscle connectivity to improve functional ambulation in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Portaro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luana Billeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Leo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, SS 113, Ctr. Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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7
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Kohno G, Ogawa K, Kushimoto M, Tanaka S, Ikeda J, Nishizawa T, Mitsuke K, Nakayama T, Suzuki Y, Ishihara H, Fujishiro M. Two Adult Siblings With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 With Different Phenotypes Presenting With Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency and Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Front Neurol 2019; 10:681. [PMID: 31333559 PMCID: PMC6620565 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and myotonia along with multiple organ system involvements. Overall, DM1 patients show reduced life expectancy, mainly due to respiratory or cardiac abnormalities. Chronic respiratory impairment is associated with increased morbidity in DM1. The main ventilatory dysfunction etiology in DM1 is complex, consisting of both peripheral respiratory dysfunction and central respiratory drive dysfunction as well as upper airway muscle dysfunction leading to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and aspiration. Advancements in early diagnosis of DM1 and management with non-invasive therapeutic tools have improved life expectancy for DM1 patients. We present herein two siblings with DM1, a thin elder brother and an obese younger sister with visceral fat accumulation. Although neither had voluntary symptoms related to respiratory dysfunction, their apnea-hypopnea indices revealed severe SAS and subsequent arterial blood gases studies showed hypercapnia as well as hypoxia, suggesting central nervous system involvement with peripheral respiratory dysfunction. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation during sleep was started following pulmonary assessment. Respiratory function should be assessed in DM1 patients, even those free of respiratory symptoms, because respiratory muscle weakness occurs in a high percentage of these patients and will shorten their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kohno
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Kushimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nishizawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mitsuke
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Voellenkle C, Perfetti A, Carrara M, Fuschi P, Renna LV, Longo M, Sain SB, Cardani R, Valaperta R, Silvestri G, Legnini I, Bozzoni I, Furling D, Gaetano C, Falcone G, Meola G, Martelli F. Dysregulation of Circular RNAs in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081938. [PMID: 31010208 PMCID: PMC6515344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a recently re-discovered class of non-coding RNAs functioning as sponges for miRNAs and proteins, affecting RNA splicing and regulating transcription. CircRNAs are generated by “back-splicing”, which is the linking covalently of 3′- and 5′-ends of exons. Thus, circRNA levels might be deregulated in conditions associated with altered RNA-splicing. Significantly, growing evidence indicates their role in human diseases. Specifically, myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disorder caused by expanded CTG repeats in the DMPK gene which results in abnormal mRNA-splicing. In this investigation, circRNAs expressed in DM1 skeletal muscles were identified by analyzing RNA-sequencing data-sets followed by qPCR validation. In muscle biopsies, out of nine tested, four transcripts showed an increased circular fraction: CDYL, HIPK3, RTN4_03, and ZNF609. Their circular fraction values correlated with skeletal muscle strength and with splicing biomarkers of disease severity, and displayed higher values in more severely affected patients. Moreover, Receiver-Operating-Characteristics curves of these four circRNAs discriminated DM1 patients from controls. The identified circRNAs were also detectable in peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) and the plasma of DM1 patients, but they were not regulated significantly. Finally, increased circular fractions of RTN4_03 and ZNF609 were also observed in differentiated myogenic cell lines derived from DM1 patients. In conclusion, this pilot study identified circRNA dysregulation in DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Voellenkle
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Perfetti
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Fuschi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marialucia Longo
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Baghai Sain
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rea Valaperta
- Research Laboratories, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedic and Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ivano Legnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Renna LV, Bosè F, Brigonzi E, Fossati B, Meola G, Cardani R. Aberrant insulin receptor expression is associated with insulin resistance and skeletal muscle atrophy in myotonic dystrophies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214254. [PMID: 30901379 PMCID: PMC6430513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant multisystemic disorders linked to two different genetic loci and characterized by several features including myotonia, muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. The aberrant alternative splicing of insulin receptor (IR) gene and post-receptor signalling abnormalities have been associated with insulin resistance, however the precise molecular defects that cause metabolic dysfunctions are still unknown. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate in DM skeletal muscle biopsies if beyond INSR missplicing, altered IR protein expression could play a role in insulin resistance and to verify if the lack of insulin pathway activation could contribute to skeletal muscle wasting. Our analysis showed that DM skeletal muscle exhibits a lower expression of the insulin receptor in type 1 fibers which can contribute to the defective activation of the insulin pathway. Moreover, the aberrant insulin signalling activation leads to a lower activation of mTOR and to an increase in MuRF1 and Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression, possible explaining DM skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Taken together our data indicate that the defective insulin signalling activation can contribute to skeletal muscle features in DM patients and are probably linked to an aberrant specific-fiber type expression of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosè
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Brigonzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Cappella M, Perfetti A, Cardinali B, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Carrara M, Provenzano C, Fuschi P, Cardani R, Renna LV, Meola G, Falcone G, Martelli F. High-throughput analysis of the RNA-induced silencing complex in myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients identifies the dysregulation of miR-29c and its target ASB2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 29955039 PMCID: PMC6023919 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multi-systemic disorder caused by abnormally expanded stretches of CTG DNA triplets in the DMPK gene, leading to mutated-transcript RNA-toxicity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that, after maturation, are loaded onto the RISC effector complex that destabilizes target mRNAs and represses their translation. In DM1 muscle biopsies not only the expression, but also the intracellular localization of specific miRNAs is disrupted, leading to the dysregulation of the relevant mRNA targets. To investigate the functional alterations of the miRNA/target interactions in DM1, we analyzed by RNA-sequencing the RISC-associated RNAs in skeletal muscle biopsies derived from DM1 patients and matched controls. The mRNAs found deregulated in DM1 biopsies were involved in pathways and functions relevant for the disease, such as energetic metabolism, calcium signaling, muscle contraction and p53-dependent apoptosis. Bioinformatic analysis of the miRNA/mRNA interactions based on the RISC enrichment profiles, identified 24 miRNA/mRNA correlations. Following validation in 21 independent samples, we focused on the couple miR-29c/ASB2 because of the role of miR-29c in fibrosis (a feature of late-stage DM1 patients) and of ASB2 in the regulation of muscle mass. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the direct interaction between miR-29c and ASB2. Moreover, decreased miR-29c and increased ASB2 levels were verified also in immortalized myogenic cells and primary fibroblasts, derived from biopsies of DM1 patients and controls. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of CTG expansions rescued normal miR-29c and ASB2 levels, indicating a direct link between the mutant repeats and the miRNA/target expression. In conclusion, functionally relevant miRNA/mRNA interactions were identified in skeletal muscles of DM1 patients, highlighting the dysfunction of miR-29c and ASB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cappella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council-Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perfetti
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council-Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Provenzano
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council-Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Fuschi
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council-Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
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De Siena C, Cardani R, Brigonzi E, Bosè F, Fossati B, Meola G, Costa E, Valaperta R. Incidence of amplification failure in DMPK allele due to allelic dropout event in a diagnostic laboratory. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:111-116. [PMID: 29803895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an expanded CTG repeat in the non-coding 3' UTR of the DMPK gene. PCR and Southern Blot Analysis (SBA) of long-range PCR represent the routine molecular testing most widely used for DM1 diagnosis. However, in these conventional methods artifacts such as allele dropout (ADO) represent a risk of misdiagnosis for DM1. Subjects, who show a single product by conventional methods, require a complementary technique such as triplet repeat primed PCR (TP-PCR). OBJECT To estimate and minimize the incidence of allele dropout event in our diagnostic molecular laboratory by the use of new kit TP-PCR-based. METHODS We retrospectively studied 190 DMPK alleles, on blood samples from to ninety-five subjects, previously genotyped by traditional methods to validate a new assay. The pedigree of a DM1 family was used to expand our analysis. RESULTS TP-PCR assay correctly identified all 95/95 (100%) subjects and these results were in agreement with the other molecular laboratory. By conventional methods the amplification failure due to allele dropout in our cohort was in 12/190 (6.3%) DMPK alleles analyzed. When these 12 alleles were detected and solved by new assay, we found that the 2.6% was caused by primer sequence-dependent and the remaining 3.6% by polymerase-hindering secondary structures. CONCLUSIONS Allele dropout could be considered as a potentially important problem in DM1 diagnosis that may lead to the attribution of a wrong genotype with long-term consequences for both proband and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Siena
- Research Laboratories, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.; Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy..
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Brigonzi
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosè
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costa
- Research Laboratories, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.; Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rea Valaperta
- Research Laboratories, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.; Service of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article describes clinical and electrical myotonia and provides an update on the classification, diagnosis, and management of myotonic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS In the myotonic dystrophies, antisense oligonucleotides provide a general strategy to correct RNA gain of function and modulate the expression of CTG expanded repeats; they are currently being tested in a phase 1-2 randomized controlled trial in patients with adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1. New genetic mutations are continuously being identified in the nondystrophic myotonias involving sodium and chloride channels. This contributes to the difficulty in describing genotype-phenotype correlations as the same mutations can give rise to different phenotypes, and the same phenotypes can arise from different mutations. Pharmacologic therapy is moving toward mutation-targeted treatments. SUMMARY This article describes the clinical and diagnostic characteristics and management of the myotonic dystrophies and the nondystrophic myotonias. Clinical features of the congenital, juvenile, and classic adult forms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 are reviewed, and for the adult form, reference is made to the main diagnostic and follow-up tests for which general consensus exists. The different clinical presentations of myotonic dystrophy type 2 and its main differential diagnostic options are also discussed. The clinical spectrum of the sodium and chloride channelopathies is described, and clinical diagnostic clues to differentiate between these two groups are provided. Therapeutic options for patients with nondystrophic myotonias are also presented with reference to literature review and the author's personal experience.
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Cardiac involvement in myotonic dystrophy: The role of troponins and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide. Atherosclerosis 2017; 267:110-115. [PMID: 29121498 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are dominant inherited muscular dystrophies with multiple systemic involvement, often producing cardiac injury. This study sought to determine the clinical significance of elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T and I (hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI), and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in this population. METHODS Sixty DM patients (35 men and 25 women; mean age: 45.1 years, range: 12-73 years) underwent clinical cardiac investigations and measurements of serum hs-cTnT, hs-cTnI, creatine kinase (CK), and NT-proBNP. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS Genetic analysis revealed that 46 of the 60 patients were DM1, and 14 DM2. Blood measurements showed persistent elevation of hs-cTnT and CK in 55/60 DM patients (91.73%). In contrast, hs-cTnI values were persistently normal throughout the study. Only 2 patients showed an EF <50%, being the overall range of this population between 40% and 79%. We found ECG abnormalities in 19 patients. Of these patients, 13 showed first or second-degree atrio ventricular (AV) blocks (PR interval ≥ 200 ms), 4 showed a left bundle branch block (LBBB) prolonged (QRS duration ≥120 ms), and 2 had an incomplete bundle branch block (QRS duration between 110 and 119 ms). After excluding patients with EF <50%, NT-pro-BNP measurement > 125 pg/mL was an independent predictor of ECG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS NT-pro-BNP levels may be considered to be used clinically to identify DM patients at increased risk of developing myocardial conduction abnormalities.
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Provenzano C, Cappella M, Valaperta R, Cardani R, Meola G, Martelli F, Cardinali B, Falcone G. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Deletion of CTG Expansions Recovers Normal Phenotype in Myogenic Cells Derived from Myotonic Dystrophy 1 Patients. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:337-348. [PMID: 29246312 PMCID: PMC5684470 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common adult-onset muscular dystrophy, characterized by progressive myopathy, myotonia, and multi-organ involvement. This dystrophy is an inherited autosomal dominant disease caused by a (CTG)n expansion within the 3′ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. Expression of the mutated gene results in production of toxic transcripts that aggregate as nuclear foci and sequester RNA-binding proteins, resulting in mis-splicing of several transcripts, defective translation, and microRNA dysregulation. No effective therapy is yet available for treatment of the disease. In this study, myogenic cell models were generated from myotonic dystrophy patient-derived fibroblasts. These cells exhibit typical disease-associated ribonuclear aggregates, containing CUG repeats and muscleblind-like 1 protein, and alternative splicing alterations. We exploited these cell models to develop new gene therapy strategies aimed at eliminating the toxic mutant repeats. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, the repeat expansions were removed, therefore preventing nuclear foci formation and splicing alterations. Compared with the previously reported strategies of inhibition/degradation of CUG expanded transcripts by various techniques, the advantage of this approach is that affected cells can be permanently reverted to a normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Provenzano
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Cappella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rea Valaperta
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Policlinico San Donato-IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cardinali
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Falcone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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Renna LV, Bosè F, Iachettini S, Fossati B, Saraceno L, Milani V, Colombo R, Meola G, Cardani R. Receptor and post-receptor abnormalities contribute to insulin resistance in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184987. [PMID: 28915272 PMCID: PMC5600405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant multisystemic disorders caused by expansion of microsatellite repeats. In both forms, the mutant transcripts accumulate in nuclear foci altering the function of alternative splicing regulators which are necessary for the physiological mRNA processing. Missplicing of insulin receptor (IR) gene (INSR) has been associated with insulin resistance, however, it cannot be excluded that post-receptor signalling abnormalities could also contribute to this feature in DM. We have analysed the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle biopsies and in myotube cultures from DM patients to assess whether downstream metabolism might be dysregulated and to better characterize the mechanism inducing insulin resistance. DM skeletal muscle exhibits alterations of basal phosphorylation levels of Akt/PKB, p70S6K, GSK3β and ERK1/2, suggesting that these changes might be accompanied by a lack of further insulin stimulation. Alterations of insulin pathway have been confirmed on control and DM myotubes expressing fetal INSR isoform (INSR-A). The results indicate that insulin action appears to be lower in DM than in control myotubes in terms of protein activation and glucose uptake. Our data indicate that post-receptor signalling abnormalities might contribute to DM insulin resistance regardless the alteration of INSR splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosè
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Iachettini
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Saraceno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Milani
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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Dozio E, Passeri E, Cardani R, Benedini S, Aresta C, Valaperta R, Corsi Romanelli M, Meola G, Sansone V, Corbetta S. Circulating Irisin Is Reduced in Male Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Myotonic Dystrophies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:320. [PMID: 29184538 PMCID: PMC5694592 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Myotonic dystrophies (DM) are dominantly inherited muscle disorders characterized by myotonia, muscle weakness, and wasting. The reasons for sarcopenia in DMs are uncleared and multiple factors are involved. Irisin, a positive hormone regulator of muscle growth and bone, may play a role. OBJECTIVES To investigate (1) circulating irisin in a series of DM1 and DM2 male patients compared with healthy controls and (2) the relationships between irisin and anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters. DESIGN AND STUDY PARTICIPANTS This is a cross-sectional study. Fasting blood samples for glucometabolic, gonadic, bone markers, and irisin were collected from 28 ambulatory DM1, 10 DM2, and 23 age-matched healthy male subjects. Body composition and bone mineralization [bone mineral density (BMD)] were measured by DEXA. Echocardiographic assessment and visceral adiposity, namely, liver and epicardial fat, were investigated by ultrasound. Irisin released from cultured myotubes derived from 3 DM1, 3 DM2, and 3 healthy donors was assayed. RESULTS Plasma irisin levels were definitely lower in both DM1 and DM2 patients than in controls with no difference between DM1 and DM2. Irisin released from DM1 and DM2 myotubes was similar to that released from myotubes of the non-DM donors, though diabetic DM2 myotubes released more irisin than DM1 myotubes. There was no correlation between irisin and muscle strength or lean mass in both DM1 and DM2 patients. In DM1 patients, plasma irisin levels correlated negatively with oxygen consumption and positively with insulin resistance, while in DM2 patients plasma irisin levels positively correlated with fat mass at arms and legs levels. No correlation with visceral fat, left ventricular mass, and gonadal hormones could be detected. In both DM1 and DM2 patients, legs BMD parameters positively correlated with plasma irisin levels. CONCLUSION Plasma irisin is reduced in both DM1 and DM2 male patients likely reflecting muscle mass reduction. Moreover, insulin resistance may contribute to modulation of plasma irisin in DM1 patients. The irisin-mediated cross talk muscle-adipose tissue-bone may be active also in the male myotonic dystrophies' model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Passeri
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedini
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Aresta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Rea Valaperta
- Research Laboratories, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medicine Unit SMEL-1, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sansone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centro Clinico Nemo, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Corbetta,
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Validation of plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for myotonic dystrophy type 1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38174. [PMID: 27905532 PMCID: PMC5131283 DOI: 10.1038/srep38174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive and simple to measure biomarkers are still an unmet need for myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Indeed, muscle biopsies can be extremely informative, but their invasive nature limits their application. Extracellular microRNAs are emerging humoral biomarkers and preliminary studies identified a group of miRNAs that are deregulated in the plasma or serum of small groups of DM1 patients. Here we adopted very stringent selection and normalization criteria to validate or disprove these miRNAs in 103 DM1 patients and 111 matched controls. We confirmed that 8 miRNAs out of 12 were significantly deregulated in DM1 patients: miR-1, miR-27b, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-140-3p, miR-454 and miR-574. The levels of these miRNAs, alone or in combination, discriminated DM1 from controls significantly, and correlated with both skeletal muscle strength and creatine kinase values. Interestingly, miR-133b levels were significantly higher in DM1 female patients. Finally, the identified miRNAs were also deregulated in the plasma of a small group (n = 30) of DM2 patients. In conclusion, this study proposes that miRNAs might be useful as DM1 humoral biomarkers.
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18
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Valaperta R, Gaeta M, Cardani R, Lombardi F, Rampoldi B, De Siena C, Mori F, Fossati B, Gaia P, Ferraro OE, Villani S, Iachettini S, Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Pusineri E, Meola G, Costa E. High-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay as serum biomarker to predict cardiac risk in myotonic dystrophy: A case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Iachettini S, Valaperta R, Marchesi A, Perfetti A, Cuomo G, Fossati B, Vaienti L, Costa E, Meola G, Cardani R. Tibialis anterior muscle needle biopsy and sensitive biomolecular methods: a useful tool in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2562. [PMID: 26708183 PMCID: PMC4698615 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by a CTG repeat expansion in 3'UTR of DMPK gene. This mutation causes accumulation of toxic RNA in nuclear foci leading to splicing misregulation of specific genes. In view of future clinical trials with antisense oligonucleotides in DM1 patients, it is important to set up sensitive and minimally-invasive tools to monitor the efficacy of treatments on skeletal muscle. A tibialis anterior (TA) muscle sample of about 60 mg was obtained from 5 DM1 patients and 5 healthy subjects through a needle biopsy. A fragment of about 40 mg was used for histological examination and a fragment of about 20 mg was used for biomolecular analysis. The TA fragments obtained with the minimally-invasive needle biopsy technique is enough to perform all the histopathological and biomolecular evaluations useful to monitor a clinical trial on DM1 patients.
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Liu Q, Zheng YF, Zhu YP, Ling SQ, Li WR. Clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of a pedigree with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1931-1936. [PMID: 26640575 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of a pedigree with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A series of clinical data from a pedigree with DM1 were collected. Muscle biopsy revealed a typical nuclear ingression within numerous muscle fibers following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Genomic DNA was extracted from the venous blood of two patients and the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction method was performed to amplify the dystrophia myotonic protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The amplified products were subjected to gene sequencing by capillary fluorescence electrophoresis, and a pathogenic mutation in the DMPK gene comprising >50 cytosine-thymine-guanine repeat sequences was found. DM1 includes multi-system damage, as well as skeletal muscle involvement, and can affect the central nervous system, endocrine glands, skin and heart. A skeletal muscle biopsy and genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis and clarify the severity of the disease. In addition, it is necessary to distinguish DM1 from DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qing Ling
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
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Passeri E, Bugiardini E, Sansone VA, Pizzocaro A, Fulceri C, Valaperta R, Borgato S, Costa E, Bandera F, Ambrosi B, Meola G, Persani L, Corbetta S. Gonadal failure is associated with visceral adiposity in myotonic dystrophies. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:702-10. [PMID: 25950257 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypogonadism occurs in myotonic dystrophies type 1 (MD1) and type 2 (MD2). Sertoli and Leydig cell secretions, including insulin-like peptide-3 (INSL3), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B, were evaluated in male patients with MD. DESIGN Academic settings. Forty-four male patients with MD [31 MD1, 13 MD2, aged 59 (50-64) years, median (interquartile range)], age-, sex- and BMI-matched non-MD hypogonadal patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 32). Serum FSH, LH, inhibin B, AMH, testosterone (T) and INSL3 were measured; fat and muscle masses were evaluated by DEXA. RESULTS Overt primary hypogonadism occurred in 29% of patients with MD1 and 46% of patients with MD2. Considering subclinical forms, the prevalence increased to 69% of MD1 and 100% of MD2. A half of patients with MD experienced symptoms. INSL3 levels were unaffected in most patients with MD. By contrast, AMH and inhibin B were reduced in most patients with MD and unrelated to age. Patients with MD showed increased body and visceral fat. Free T levels were negatively predicted by fat mass, and AMH and FSH levels were negatively correlated with waist/hip ratio and fat mass. AMH, inhibin B and FSH levels positively correlated with muscle strength and muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS AMH and inhibin B secretion failures are common in male patients with MD and are more severe than Leydig cell hormones impairment. AMH and inhibin B measurements might provide clinical utility in evaluating fertility in patients with MD. Serum T, AMH and inhibin B productions are negatively influenced by increased fat mass, while AMH and inhibin B might be markers of muscle impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Passeri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Valeria A Sansone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Fulceri
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Rea Valaperta
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Stefano Borgato
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Costa
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Ambrosi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Neurology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milanese, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Corbetta
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato, Milanese, Italy
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Renna LV, Cardani R, Botta A, Rossi G, Fossati B, Costa E, Meola G. Premature senescence in primary muscle cultures of myotonic dystrophy type 2 is not associated with p16 induction. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2444. [PMID: 25578974 PMCID: PMC4289846 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are multisystemic disorders linked to two different genetic loci and characterized by several features including myotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, cardiac dysfunctions, cataracts and insulin-resistance. In both forms, expanded nucleotide sequences cause the accumulation of mutant transcripts in the nucleus deregulating the activity of some RNA-binding proteins and providing an explanation for the multisystemic phenotype of DM patients. However this pathogenetic mechanism does not explain some histopathological features of DM skeletal muscle like muscle atrophy. It has been observed that DM muscle shares similarities with the ageing muscle, where the progressive muscle weakness and atrophy is accompanied by a lower regenerative capacity possibly due to the failure in satellite cells activation. The aim of our study is to investigate if DM2 satellite cell derived myoblasts exhibit a premature senescence as reported for DM1 and if alterations in their proliferation potential and differentiation capabilities might contribute to some of the histopathological features observed in DM2 muscles. Our results indicate that DM myoblasts have lower proliferative capability than control myoblasts and reach in vitro senescence earlier than controls. Differentely from DM1, the p16 pathway is not responsible for the premature growth arrest observed in DM2 myoblasts which stop dividing with telomeres shorter than controls. During in vitro senescence, a progressive decrease in fusion index is observable in both DM and control myotubes with no significant differences between groups. Moreover, myotubes obtained from senescent myoblasts appear to be smaller than those from young myoblasts. Taken together, our data indicate a possible role of DM2 premature myoblast senescence in skeletal muscle histopathological alterations i.e., dystrophic changes and type 2 fibre atrophy.
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Perfetti A, Greco S, Bugiardini E, Cardani R, Gaia P, Gaetano C, Meola G, Martelli F. Plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:509-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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