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Abdou K, Nomoto M, Aly MH, Ibrahim AZ, Choko K, Okubo-Suzuki R, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Prefrontal coding of learned and inferred knowledge during REM and NREM sleep. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4566. [PMID: 38914541 PMCID: PMC11196720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Idling brain activity has been proposed to facilitate inference, insight, and innovative problem-solving. However, it remains unclear how and when the idling brain can create novel ideas. Here, we show that cortical offline activity is both necessary and sufficient for building unlearned inferential knowledge from previously acquired information. In a transitive inference paradigm, male C57BL/6J mice gained the inference 1 day after, but not shortly after, complete training. Inhibiting the neuronal computations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during post-learning either non-rapid eye movement (NREM) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not wakefulness, disrupted the inference without affecting the learned knowledge. In vivo Ca2+ imaging suggests that NREM sleep organizes the scattered learned knowledge in a complete hierarchy, while REM sleep computes the inferential information from the organized hierarchy. Furthermore, after insufficient learning, artificial activation of medial entorhinal cortex-ACC dialog during only REM sleep created inferential knowledge. Collectively, our study provides a mechanistic insight on NREM and REM coordination in weaving inferential knowledge, thus highlighting the power of idling brain in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Abdou
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Z Ibrahim
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiriko Choko
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Reiko Okubo-Suzuki
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Centre for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 3290498, Japan
- Centre for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Miyanishi H, Suga S, Sumi K, Takakuwa M, Izuo N, Asano T, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. The Role of GABA in the Dorsal Striatum-Raphe Nucleus Circuit Regulating Stress Vulnerability in Male Mice with High Levels of Shati/Nat8l. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0162-23.2023. [PMID: 37813564 PMCID: PMC10598637 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0162-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a frequent and serious illness, and stress is considered the main risk factor for its onset. First-line antidepressants increase serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels in the brain. We previously reported that an N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, is upregulated in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) of stress-susceptible mice exposed to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and that dSTR Shati/Nat8l overexpression in mice (dSTR-Shati OE) induces stress vulnerability and local reduction in 5-HT content. Male mice were used in this study, and we found that dSTR 5-HT content decreased in stress-susceptible but not in resilient mice. Moreover, vulnerability to stress in dSTR-Shati OE mice was suppressed by the activation of serotonergic neurons projecting from the dorsal raphe nucleus (dRN) to the dSTR, followed by upregulation of 5-HT content in the dSTR using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD). We evaluated the role of GABA in modulating the serotonergic system in the dRN. Stress-susceptible after RSDS and dSTR-Shati OE mice exhibited an increase in dRN GABA content. Furthermore, dRN GABA content was correlated with stress sensitivity. We found that the blockade of GABA signaling in the dRN suppressed stress susceptibility in dSTR-Shati OE mice. In conclusion, we propose that dSTR 5-HT and dRN GABA, controlled by striatal Shati/Nat8l via the dSTR-dRN neuronal circuitry, critically regulate stress sensitivity. Our study provides insights into the neural processes that underlie stress and suggests that dSTR Shati/Nat8l could be a novel therapeutic target for drugs against depression, allowing direct control of the dRN serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Miyanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiori Suga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Miho Takakuwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Noda M, Koshu R, Shimada Dias M, Saito C, Takino N, Ito M, Yoshimura H, Ito M, Muramatsu SI. Enhanced Cochlear Transduction by AAV9 with High-Concentration Sucrose. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1064-1071. [PMID: 37642269 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is a primary lesion in sensorineural hearing loss and has been a target in gene therapy. The efficacy of gene therapy depends on achieving sufficient levels of transduction at a safe vector dose. Vectors derived from various adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are predominantly used to deliver therapeutic genes to inner ear cells. AAV9 and its variants vector are attractive candidates for clinical applications since they can cross the mesothelial cell layer and transduce inner hair cells (IHCs), although this requires relatively high doses. In this study, we investigated the effects of sucrose on the transduction of a variant of the AAV9 vector for gene transfer in the inner ear. We found that high concentrations of sucrose increased gene transduction in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that simultaneous administration of sucrose enhanced the transduction of mouse IHCs and spiral ligament cells using an AAV9 variant vector. The procedure did not increase the thresholds in the auditory brainstem response, suggesting that sucrose had no adverse effect on auditory function. This versatile method may be valuable in the development of novel gene therapies for adult-onset sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Noda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Koshu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mari Shimada Dias
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chizu Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shinshu University, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Kumagai S, Nakajima T, Shimazaki K, Kakiuchi T, Harada N, Ohba H, Onuki Y, Takino N, Ito M, Sato M, Nakamura S, Osaka H, Yamagata T, Kawai K, Muramatsu SI. Early distribution of 18 F-labeled AAV9 vectors in the cerebrospinal fluid after intracerebroventricular or intracisternal magna infusion in non-human primates. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3457. [PMID: 36278965 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a valuable method for widespread transduction in the central nervous system. Although infusion into the cerebral ventricles is a common protocol in preclinical studies of small animals, the cisterna magna has been recognized as an alternative target for clinical studies because it can be reached in a less invasive manner using an intrathecal catheter via the subarachnoid space from a lumbar puncture. METHODS We evaluated the early distribution of fluorine-18-labeled AAV9 vectors infused into the lateral ventricle or cisterna magna of four non-human primates using positron emission tomography. The expression of the green fluorescent protein was immunohistochemically determined. RESULTS In both approaches, the labeled vectors diffused into the broad arachnoid space around the brain stem and cervical spinal cord within 30 min. Both infusion routes efficiently transduced neurons in the cervical spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS For gene therapy that primarily targets the cervical spinal cord and brainstem, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cisterna magna infusion would be a feasible and effective administration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kumagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Tsukida K, Muramatsu SI, Osaka H, Yamagata T, Muramatsu K. WDR45 variants cause ferrous iron loss due to impaired ferritinophagy associated with nuclear receptor coactivator 4 and WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 reduction. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac304. [PMID: 36751498 PMCID: PMC9897194 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration is a neurodegenerative disorder with brain iron accumulation caused by the variants of WDR45, a core autophagy-related gene that encodes WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4. However, the pathophysiology of the disease, particularly the function of WDR45/WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 in iron metabolism, is largely unknown. As no other variants of core autophagy-related genes show abnormalities in iron metabolism, the relation between autophagy and iron metabolism remains to be elucidated. Since iron deposition in the brain is the hallmark of static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, iron chelation therapy has been attempted, but it was found to worsen the symptoms; thus, the establishment of a curative treatment is essential. Here, we evaluated autophagy and iron metabolism in patient-derived cells. The expression of ferritin and ferric iron increased and that of ferrous iron decreased in the patient cells with WDR45 variants. In addition, the expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 was markedly reduced in patient-derived cells. Furthermore, divalent metal transporter 1, which takes in ferrous iron, was upregulated, while ferroportin, which exports ferrous iron, was downregulated in patient-derived cells. The transfer of WDR45 via an adeno-associated virus vector restored WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 expression, reduced ferritin levels, and improved other phenotypes observed in patient-derived cells. As nuclear receptor coactivator 4 mediates the ferritin-specific autophagy, i.e. ferritinophagy, its deficiency impaired ferritinophagy, leading to the accumulation of ferric iron-containing ferritin and insufficiency of ferrous iron. Because ferrous iron is required for various essential biochemical reactions, the changes in divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroportin levels may indicate a compensatory response for maintaining the intracellular levels of ferrous iron. Our study revealed that the pathophysiology of static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration involves ferrous iron insufficiency via impaired ferritinophagy through nuclear receptor coactivator 4 expression reduction. Our findings could aid in developing a treatment strategy involving WDR45 manipulation, which may have clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Tsukida
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Muramatsu
- Correspondence to: Kazuhiro Muramatsu, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan E-mail:
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Huang E, Li S. Liver Kinase B1 Functions as a Regulator for Neural Development and a Therapeutic Target for Neural Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182861. [PMID: 36139438 PMCID: PMC9496952 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and Par-4 in C. elegans, has been identified as a master kinase of AMPKs and AMPK-related kinases. LKB1 plays a crucial role in cell growth, metabolism, polarity, and tumor suppression. By interacting with the downstream signals of SAD, NUAK, MARK, and other kinases, LKB1 is critical to regulating neuronal polarization and axon branching during development. It also regulates Schwann cell function and the myelination of peripheral axons. Regulating LKB1 activity has become an attractive strategy for repairing an injured nervous system. LKB1 upregulation enhances the regenerative capacity of adult CNS neurons and the recovery of locomotor function in adult rodents with CNS axon injury. Here, we update the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of LKB1 in regulating neuronal polarization and neural development, and the implications thereof for promoting neural repair, axon regeneration, and functional recovery in adult mammals.
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Chino K, Izuo N, Noike H, Uno K, Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Shati/Nat8l Overexpression Improves Cognitive Decline by Upregulating Neuronal Trophic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2805-2814. [PMID: 35759136 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid β, a causative protein of AD, in the brain. Shati/Nat8l, identified as a psychiatric disease related molecule, is a responsive enzyme of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) synthesis. In the hippocampi of AD patients and model mice, the NAA content and Shati/Nat8l expression were reported to be reduced. Having recently clarified the involvement of Shati/Nat8l in cognitive function, we examined the recovery effect of the hippocampal overexpression of Shati/Nat8l in AD model mice (5XFAD). Shati/Nat8l overexpression suppressed cognitive dysfunction without affecting the Aβ burden or number of NeuN-positive neurons. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA was upregulated by Shati/Nat8l overexpression in 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that Shati/Nat8l overexpression prevents cognitive dysfunction in 5XFAD mice, indicating that Shati/Nat8l could be a therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Chino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noike
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Uno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8511, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Section of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Open Innovation Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Miyanishi H, Kitazawa A, Izuo N, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. N-Acetyl Transferase, Shati/Nat8l, in the Dorsal Hippocampus Suppresses Aging-induced Impairment of Cognitive Function in Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2703-2714. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Oguro K, Shimazaki K, Yokota H, Onuki Y, Murashima Y, Kawai K, Muramatsu SI. Global brain delivery of neuroligin 2 gene ameliorates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3402. [PMID: 34897885 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing availability of effective drugs, around one-third of patients with epilepsy are still resistant to pharmacotherapy. Gene therapy has been suggested as a plausible approach to achieve seizure control, in particular for patients with focal epilepsy. Because seizures develop across wide spans of the brain in many forms of epilepsy, global delivery of the vectors is necessary to tackle such generalized seizures. Neuroligin 2 (NL2) is a postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule that induces or strengthens inhibitory synaptic function by specifically combining with neurexin 1. METHODS In the present study, we applied an adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 9 vector expressing NL2 to modulate neuronal excitability in broad areas of the brain in epileptic (EL) mice, a model of polygene epilepsy. We administered the AAV vector expressing Flag-tagged NL2 under the synapsin I promoter (AAV-NL2) via cardiac injection 6 weeks after birth. RESULTS Significant reductions in the duration, strength and frequency of seizure were observed during a 14-week observation period in NL2-treated EL mice compared to untreated or AAV-green fluorescent protein-treated EL mice. No behavioral abnormality was observed in NL2-treated EL mice in an open-field test. Immunohistochemical examination at 14 weeks after AAV-NL2 injection revealed the expression of exogenous NL2 in broad areas of the brain, including the hippocampus and, in these areas, NL2 co-localized with postsynaptic inhibitory molecule gephyrin. CONCLUSIONS Global brain delivery of NL2 by systemic administration of AAV vector may provide a non-invasive therapeutic approach for generalized epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Oguro
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Shioya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yokota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koga Red Cross Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Onuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Murashima
- Divison of Frontier Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Miyanishi H, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Striatal Shati/Nat8l-BDNF pathways determine the sensitivity to social defeat stress in mice through epigenetic regulation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1594-1605. [PMID: 34099867 PMCID: PMC8280178 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global number of patients with depression increases in correlation to exposure to social stress. Chronic stress does not trigger depression in all individuals, as some remain resilient. The underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to stress sensitivity have been poorly understood, although revealing the regulation of stress sensitivity could help develop treatments for depression. We previously found that striatal Shati/Nat8l, an N-acetyltransferase, was increased in a depression mouse model. We investigated the roles of Shati/Nat8l in stress sensitivity in mice and found that Shati/Nat8l and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the dorsal striatum were increased in stress-susceptible mice but not in resilient mice exposed to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS). Knockdown of Shati/Nat8l in the dorsal striatum induced resilience to RSDS. In addition, blockade of BDNF signaling in the dorsal striatum by ANA-12, a BDNF-specific receptor tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB) inhibitor, also induced resilience to stress. Shati/Nat8l is correlated with BDNF expression after RSDS, and BDNF is downstream of Shati/Nat8l pathways in the dorsal striatum; Shati/Nat8l is epigenetically regulated by BDNF via histone acetylation. Our results demonstrate that striatal Shati/Nat8l-BDNF pathways determine stress sensitivity through epigenetic regulation. The striatal Shati/Nat8l-BDNF pathway could be a novel target for treatments of depression and could establish a novel therapeutic strategy for depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Miyanishi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Open Innovation Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XCenter for Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Nitta A, Izuo N, Hamatani K, Inagaki R, Kusui Y, Fu K, Asano T, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Sekiguchi H, Iritani S, Muramatsu SI, Ozaki N, Miyamoto Y. Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Impairments in Mice with Suppressed Expression of Piccolo in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070607. [PMID: 34206873 PMCID: PMC8304324 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piccolo, a presynaptic cytomatrix protein, plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking in the presynaptic active zone. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the Piccolo-encoding gene PCLO are reported to be associated with mental disorders. However, a few studies have evaluated the relationship between Piccolo dysfunction and psychotic symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in mice with Piccolo suppression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Downregulation of Piccolo in the mPFC reduced regional synaptic proteins, accompanied with electrophysiological impairments. The Piccolo-suppressed mice showed an enhanced locomotor activity, impaired auditory prepulse inhibition, and cognitive dysfunction. These abnormal behaviors were partially ameliorated by the antipsychotic drug risperidone. Piccolo-suppressed mice received mild social defeat stress showed additional behavioral despair. Furthermore, the responses of these mice to extracellular glutamate and dopamine levels induced by the optical activation of mPFC projection in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) were inhibited. Similarly, the Piccolo-suppressed mice showed decreased depolarization-evoked glutamate and -aminobutyric acid elevations and increased depolarization-evoked dopamine elevation in the dSTR. These suggest that Piccolo regulates neurotransmission at the synaptic terminal of the projection site. Reduced neuronal connectivity in the mPFC-dSTR pathway via suppression of Piccolo in the mPFC may induce behavioral impairments observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-415-8822 (ext. 8823); Fax: +81-76-415-8826
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kohei Hamatani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ryo Inagaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuka Kusui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kequan Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Takashi Asano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.I.); (N.O.)
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.I.); (N.O.)
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.I.); (N.O.)
| | - Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.I.); (N.O.)
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Open Innovation Center, Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.T.); (C.H.); (H.S.); (S.I.); (N.O.)
| | - Yoshiaki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.I.); (K.H.); (R.I.); (Y.K.); (K.F.); (T.A.); (Y.M.)
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12
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Nakamura S, Osaka H, Muramatsu SI, Takino N, Ito M, Jimbo EF, Watanabe C, Hishikawa S, Nakajima T, Yamagata T. Intra-cisterna magna delivery of an AAV vector with the GLUT1 promoter in a pig recapitulates the physiological expression of SLC2A1. Gene Ther 2021; 28:329-338. [PMID: 33077933 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is caused by haplo-insufficiency of SLC2A1, which encodes GLUT1, resulting in impaired hexose transport into the brain. Previously, we generated a tyrosine-mutant AAV9/3 vector in which SLC2A1 was expressed under the control of the endogenous GLUT1 promoter (AAV-GLUT1), and confirmed the improved motor function and cerebrospinal fluid glucose levels of Glut1-deficient mice after cerebroventricular injection of AAV-GLUT1. In preparation for clinical application, we examined the expression of transgenes after intra-cisterna magna injection of AAV-GFP (tyrosine-mutant AAV9/3-GFP with the CMV promoter) and AAV-GLUT1. We injected AAV-GFP or AAV-GLUT1 (1.63 × 1012 vector genomes/kg) into the cisterna magna of pigs to compare differential promoter activity. After AAV-GFP injection, exogenous GFP was expressed in broad areas of the brain and peripheral organs. After AAV-GLUT1 injection, exogenous GLUT1 was expressed predominantly in the brain. At the cellular level, exogenous GLUT1 was mainly expressed in the endothelium, followed by glia and neurons, which was contrasted with the neuronal-predominant expression of GFP by the CMV promotor. We consider intra-cisterna magna injection of AAV-GLUT1 to be a feasible approach for gene therapy of GLUT1DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko F Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chika Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hishikawa
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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13
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Abak A, Shoorei H, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. In vivo Engineering of Chromosome 19 q-arm by Employing the CRISPR/AsCpf1 and ddAsCpf1 Systems in Human Malignant Gliomas (Hypothesis). J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1648-1663. [PMID: 33990905 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deletions of the q13.3 region of chromosome 19 have been found commonly in all three main kinds of diffuse human malignant gliomas, powerfully demonstrating the existence of tumor suppressor genes in this region. Consistent with the previous studies, the most common deletion interval has been mapped to a roughly 4 Mb region of 19q13.3 between the APOC2 and HRC genes, between genetic markers D19S219 and D19S246. EML2 is a tumor suppressor gene that is located on 19q13.32 and is considerably methylated in high-grade gliomas. Notably, MIR330 gene that is situated within the non-coding intronic region of EML2 is also detected as an oncosuppressor-miR in a variety of cancers including gliomas. Additionally, glioma oncoprotein Bcl2L12 which is located on 19q13.33 is significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma multiform and has a pivotal role in cancer evolution and resistance to apoptosis. Other genes such as MIR519D and NOP53 are also discovered as tumor suppressor genes in gliomas which are located on 19q13.3 and 19q13.4, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesize that a CRISPR/AsCpf1-based genome engineering strategy might be utilized to attach these deleted sizeable chromosomal portions of genes coding tumor suppressors as vital parts of the chromosome 19 q-arm with the purpose of treatment of this chromosomal abnormality in gliomas. Also, we can concurrently employ the CRISPR-ddAsCpf1 strategy for the precise suppression of Bcl2L12 oncogene in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics. Shahid, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effects of Altering HSPG Binding and Capsid Hydrophilicity on Retinal Transduction by AAV. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02440-20. [PMID: 33658343 PMCID: PMC8139652 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02440-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have recently emerged as the leading vector for retinal gene therapy. However, AAV vectors which are capable of achieving clinically relevant levels of transgene expression and widespread retinal transduction are still an unmet need. Using rationally designed AAV2-based capsid variants, we investigate the role of capsid hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity as it relates to retinal transduction. We show that hydrophilic, single amino acid (aa) mutations (V387R, W502H, E530K, L583R) in AAV2 negatively impact retinal transduction when heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding remains intact. Conversely, addition of hydrophobic point mutations to an HSPG binding deficient capsid (AAV2ΔHS) lead to increased retinal transduction in both mouse and macaque. Our top performing vector, AAV2(4pMut)ΔHS, achieved robust rod and cone photoreceptor (PR) transduction in macaque, especially in the fovea, and demonstrates the ability to spread laterally beyond the borders of the subretinal injection (SRI) bleb. This study both evaluates biophysical properties of AAV capsids that influence retinal transduction, and assesses the transduction and tropism of a novel capsid variant in a clinically relevant animal model.ImportanceRationally guided engineering of AAV capsids aims to create new generations of vectors with enhanced potential for human gene therapy. By applying rational design principles to AAV2-based capsids, we evaluated the influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid (aa) mutations on retinal transduction as it relates to vector administration route. Through this approach we identified a largely deleterious relationship between hydrophilic aa mutations and canonical HSPG binding by AAV2-based capsids. Conversely, the inclusion of hydrophobic aa substitutions on a HSPG binding deficient capsid (AAV2ΔHS), generated a vector capable of robust rod and cone photoreceptor (PR) transduction. This vector AAV2(4pMut)ΔHS also demonstrates a remarkable ability to spread laterally beyond the initial subretinal injection (SRI) bleb, making it an ideal candidate for the treatment of retinal diseases which require a large area of transduction.
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15
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Chen W, Yao S, Wan J, Tian Y, Huang L, Wang S, Akter F, Wu Y, Yao Y, Zhang X. BBB-crossing adeno-associated virus vector: An excellent gene delivery tool for CNS disease treatment. J Control Release 2021; 333:129-138. [PMID: 33775685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a challenge in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, as it hinders the infiltration of many therapeutic drugs into the brain parenchyma. Therefore, developing efficacious pharmacological agents that can traverse the BBB is crucial for optimal treatment of diseases of the CNS such as neurodegenerative conditions and brain tumors. Adeno-associated virus (AAV), one of the most promising gene therapy vectors, has been shown to cross the BBB safely and is non-pathogenic in nature and therefore has been utilized for numerous diseases of the CNS. Along with the development of protein engineering techniques such as directed evolution including DNA shuffling, a great number of BBB-crossing AAVs have been developed, that could be systemically injected for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we discuss several feasible approaches to improve transportation of therapeutic agents to the CNS. We also discuss the advantages of using BBB-crossing AAVs, their role as a gene delivery agent and highlight the different types of BBB-AAV vectors that have been developed in order to provide a greater insight into how they can be used in diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Chen
- Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of TCM, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Farhana Akter
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225600, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Yizheng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225600, China; Department of Oncology, Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China.
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16
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Dasgupta I, Flotte TR, Keeler AM. CRISPR/Cas-Dependent and Nuclease-Free In Vivo Therapeutic Gene Editing. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:275-293. [PMID: 33750221 PMCID: PMC7987363 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise gene manipulation by gene editing approaches facilitates the potential to cure several debilitating genetic disorders. Gene modification stimulated by engineered nucleases induces a double-stranded break (DSB) in the target genomic locus, thereby activating DNA repair mechanisms. DSBs triggered by nucleases are repaired either by the nonhomologous end-joining or the homology-directed repair pathway, enabling efficient gene editing. While there are several ongoing ex vivo genome editing clinical trials, current research underscores the therapeutic potential of CRISPR/Cas-based (clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats-associated Cas nuclease) in vivo gene editing. In this review, we provide an overview of the CRISPR/Cas-mediated in vivo genome therapy applications and explore their prospective clinical translatability to treat human monogenic disorders. In addition, we discuss the various challenges associated with in vivo genome editing technologies and strategies used to circumvent them. Despite the robust and precise nuclease-mediated gene editing, a promoterless, nuclease-independent gene targeting strategy has been utilized to evade the drawbacks of the nuclease-dependent system, such as off-target effects, immunogenicity, and cytotoxicity. Thus, the rapidly evolving paradigm of gene editing technologies will continue to foster the progress of gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence R. Flotte
- Department of Pediatrics, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison M. Keeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Kurokawa Y, Osaka H, Kouga T, Jimbo E, Muramatsu K, Nakamura S, Takayanagi Y, Onaka T, Muramatsu SI, Yamagata T. Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:589-598. [PMID: 33256498 PMCID: PMC8236559 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a fatal congenital neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which is involved in cholesterol transport in lysosomes. Broad clinical manifestations of NPC1 include liver failure, pulmonary disorder, neurological deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. The main cause of death in NPC1 patients involves central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction; there is no essential treatment. We generated a tyrosine-mutant adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9/3 vector that expresses human NPC1 under a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (AAV-CMV-hNPC1) and injected it into the left lateral ventricle (5 μL) and cisterna magna (10 μL) of Npc1 homo-knockout (Npc1−/−) mice. Each mouse received total 1.35 × 1011 vector genome on days 4 or 5 of life. AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice (n = 11) had an average survival of >28 weeks, while all saline-treated Npc1−/− mice (n = 11) and untreated Npc1−/− mice (n = 6) died within 16 weeks. Saline-treated and untreated Npc1−/− mice lost body weight from 7 weeks until death. However, the average body weight of AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice increased until 15 weeks. AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice also showed a significant improvement in the rotarod test performance. A pathological analysis at 11 weeks showed that cerebellar Purkinje cells were preserved in AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice. In contrast, untreated Npc1−/− mice showed an almost total loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Combined injection into both the lateral ventricle and cisterna magna achieved broader delivery of the vector to the CNS, leading to better outcomes than noted in previous reports, with injection into the lateral ventricles or veins alone. In AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice, vector genome DNA was detected widely in the CNS and liver. Human NPC1 RNA was detected in the brain, liver, lung, and heart. Accumulated unesterified cholesterol in the liver was reduced in the AAV-treated Npc1−/− mice. Our results suggest the feasibility of gene therapy for patients with NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Kurokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kouga
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eriko Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Center for Open Innovation, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Current Status and Challenges Associated with CNS-Targeted Gene Delivery across the BBB. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121216. [PMID: 33334049 PMCID: PMC7765480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The era of the aging society has arrived, and this is accompanied by an increase in the absolute numbers of patients with neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Such neurological disorders are serious costly diseases that have a significant impact on society, both globally and socially. Gene therapy has great promise for the treatment of neurological disorders, but only a few gene therapy drugs are currently available. Delivery to the brain is the biggest hurdle in developing new drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) diseases and this is especially true in the case of gene delivery. Nanotechnologies such as viral and non-viral vectors allow efficient brain-targeted gene delivery systems to be created. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of the development of successful drug delivery to the CNS for the treatment of CNS-related disorders especially by gene therapy. We mainly address three aspects of this situation: (1) blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions; (2) adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, currently the most advanced gene delivery vector; (3) non-viral brain targeting by non-invasive methods.
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Haddar M, Azuma K, Izuo N, Kyosuke U, Asano T, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Impairment of cognitive function induced by Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112938. [PMID: 32998043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel N-acetyltransferase, Shati/Nat8l, was identified in the brains of mice exposed to methamphetamine. Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was found to attenuate methamphetamine-induced dependence. The mPFC is a brain region that plays an important role in cognitive function. However, the effect of Shati/Nat8l on cognition and memory has not yet been clarified. To understand the role of Shati/Nat8l in memory, we generated C57BL/6J mice with overexpressed Shati/Nat8l in the mPFC and performed memory-related experiments, including novel object-location and object-in-context tests. Furthermore, we used quantitative immunohistochemistry to assess the presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, respectively. Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC impaired both novel object-location and object-in-context memory. Moreover, Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC reduced PSD-95 levels, but not synaptophysin levels in the mPFC. These results demonstrated that Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC is involved in location and contextual memory, and can affect the excitatory postsynaptic protein, PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Haddar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Azuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naotaka Izuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Uno Kyosuke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Asano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Open Innovation Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan; Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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20
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Haddar M, Uno K, Azuma K, Muramatsu S, Nitta A. Inhibitory effects of Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex on methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in mice. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12749. [PMID: 30950164 PMCID: PMC7187255 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shati/Nat8l is a novel N-acetyltransferase identified in the brain of mice treated with methamphetamine (METH). Shati/Nat8l mRNA is expressed in various brain areas, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), where the expression level is higher than that in other brain regions. Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) attenuates the pharmacological response to METH via mGluR3. Meanwhile, dopamine (DA) and glutamate dysregulations have been reported in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and NAc after METH self-administration and during reinstatement. However, the mechanism, the reward system, and function of Shati/Nat8l in the mPFC is unclear. Here, we injected an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing Shati/Nat8l into the mPFC of mice, to overexpress Shati/Nat8l in the mPFC (mPFC-Shati/Nat8l). Interestingly, the METH-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was attenuated in the mPFC-Shati/Nat8l mice, but locomotor activity was not. Additionally, immunohistochemical results from mice that were injected with AAV-GFP showed fluorescence in the mPFC and other brain regions, mainly the NAc, indicating an mPFC-NAc top-down connection. Finally, in vivo microdialysis experiments revealed that Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC reduced extracellular DA levels and suppressed the METH-induced DA increase in the NAc. Moreover, decreased extracellular glutamate levels were observed in the NAc. These results indicate that Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC attenuates METH-induced CPP by decreasing extracellular DA in the NAc. In contrast, Shati/Nat8l-mPFC overexpression did not alter METH-induced hyperlocomotion. This study demonstrates that Shati/Nat8l in the mPFC attenuates METH reward-seeking behaviour but not the psychomotor activity of METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Haddar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Kyosuke Uno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Katsunori Azuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Shin‐ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineJichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
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21
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Asai H, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Ghandour K, Murayama E, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Hirayama T, Kaneko R, Muramatsu SI, Yagi T, Inokuchi K. Pcdhβ deficiency affects hippocampal CA1 ensemble activity and contextual fear discrimination. Mol Brain 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 31959219 PMCID: PMC6971911 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs), a large group of adhesion molecules, are important for axonal projections and dendritic spread, but little is known about how they influence neuronal activity. The Pcdhβ cluster is strongly expressed in the hippocampus, and in vivo Ca2+ imaging in Pcdhβ-deficient mice revealed altered activity of neuronal ensembles but not of individual cells in this region in freely moving animals. Specifically, Pcdhβ deficiency increased the number of large-size neuronal ensembles and the proportion of cells shared between ensembles. Furthermore, Pcdhβ-deficient mice exhibited reduced repetitive neuronal population activity during exploration of a novel context and were less able to discriminate contexts in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. These results suggest that one function of Pcdhβs is to modulate neural ensemble activity in the hippocampus to promote context discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Asai
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Khaled Ghandour
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Emi Murayama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mina Matsuo
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Hirayama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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22
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Uno K, Miyanishi H, Sodeyama K, Fujiwara T, Miyazaki T, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Vulnerability to depressive behavior induced by overexpression of striatal Shati/Nat8l via the serotonergic neuronal pathway in mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112227. [PMID: 31520691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with depressive disorders is increasing. However, the mechanism of depression onsets has not been completely revealed. We previously identified Shati/Nat8l, an N-acetyltransferase, in the brain using an animal model of psychosis. In this study, we revealed the involvement of Shati/Nat8l in the vulnerability to major depression. Shati/Nat8l mRNA was increased only in the striatum of mice, which were exposed to chronic social defeat stress. Shati/Nat8l-overexpressed mice showed impairment in social interaction and sucrose preference after the subthreshold social defeat (microdefeat) stress. These depression-like behaviors were restored by fluvoxamine and LY341495 injection prior to these tests. Furthermore, the intracerebral administration of only fluvoxamine, but not of LY341495, to the dorsal striatum and direct infusion of LY341495 to the dorsal raphe also rescued. Taken together, Shati/Nat8l in the striatum has an important role in the vulnerability to depression onsets by regulating the origin of serotonergic neuronal system via GABAergic projection neuron in the dorsal raphe from the dorsal striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Uno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kengo Sodeyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toh Miyazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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23
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Xu M, Huang Y, Song P, Huang Y, Huang W, Zhang HT, Hu Y. AAV9-Mediated Cdk5 Inhibitory Peptide Reduces Hyperphosphorylated Tau and Inflammation and Ameliorates Behavioral Changes Caused by Overexpression of p25 in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:573-585. [PMID: 31256130 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingwei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yaowei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, the First People’s Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yafang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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24
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Haddar M, Uno K, Hamatani K, Muramatsu SI, Nitta A. Regulatory system of mGluR group II in the nucleus accumbens for methamphetamine-induced dopamine increase by the medial prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:209-216. [PMID: 31283871 PMCID: PMC7292294 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We previously reported that methamphetamine (METH)-induced conditioned place preference was attenuated by Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Shati/Nat8l overexpression in the mPFC expressed lower levels of both glutamate and dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and attenuated METH-induced DA elevation. We suggested a mechanism in which a decline of glutamate levels in the NAc decreases extracellular DA levels. However, the hypothesis has not confirmed. METHODS We conducted a recovery experiments by pre-microinjection of an mGluR group II antagonist, LY341495, into the NAc shell of mPFC-Shati/Nat8l-overexpressed mice followed by METH injection and DA levels measurement by in vivo microdialysis. RESULTS Pretreatment with LY341495 was able to restore METH-induced DA increase. Furthermore, mice injected with an adeno-associated virus vector containing GFP (AAV-GFP vector) in the mPFC expressed a colocalization of GFP with DARPP-32 a medium spiny neuron (MSN) marker. Next, co-immunostaining of DARPP-32 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS: expressed in a subtype of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA interneurons) in ventral tegmental area (VTA) showed a colocalization of nNOS and DARPP-32. CONCLUSION These results provided a proof that Shati/Nat8l attenuation of METH-induced DA increase is mediated by mGluR group II in the NAc. Moreover, immunohistochemical study showed a direct connection of mPFC projection neurons with NAc MSN and a connection of MSN projection neurons with a subtype of GABA interneurons in VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Haddar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Uno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamatani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Open Inovation Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsumi Nitta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Therapy and Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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25
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Oishi N, Nomoto M, Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Sano Y, Tsujimura S, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Artificial association of memory events by optogenetic stimulation of hippocampal CA3 cell ensembles. Mol Brain 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30621738 PMCID: PMC6323779 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous gain-of-function studies using an optogenetic technique showed that manipulation of the hippocampal dentate gyrus or CA1 cell ensembles is important for memory reactivation and to generate synthetic or false memory. However, gain-of-function study manipulating CA3 cell ensembles has not been reported. The CA3 area of the hippocampus comprises a recurrent excitatory circuit, which is thought to be important for the generation of associations among the stored information within one brain region. We investigated whether the coincident firing of cell ensembles in one brain region, hippocampal CA3, associates distinct events. CA3 cell ensembles responding to context exploration and during contextual fear conditioning were labeled with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)-mCherry. The synchronous activation of these ensembles induced freezing behavior in mice in a neutral context, in which a foot shock had never been delivered. The recall of this artificial associative fear memory was context specific. In vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that 20-Hz optical stimulation of ChR2-mCherry-expressing CA3 neurons, which is the same stimulation protocol used in behavioral experiment, induced long-term potentiation at CA3-CA3 synapses. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the synchronous activation of ensembles in one brain region, CA3 of the hippocampus, is sufficient for the association of distinct events. The results of our electrophysiology potentially suggest that this artificial association of memory events might be induced by the strengthening of synaptic efficacy between CA3 ensembles via recurrent circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masanori Nomoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohkawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), JST, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshito Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsujimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Mina Matsuo
- Division of Animal Experimental Laboratory, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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26
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Ohtake Y, Sami A, Jiang X, Horiuchi M, Slattery K, Ma L, Smith GM, Selzer ME, Muramatsu SI, Li S. Promoting Axon Regeneration in Adult CNS by Targeting Liver Kinase B1. Mol Ther 2018; 27:102-117. [PMID: 30509565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a downstream effector of cyclic AMP (cAMP)/PKA and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, is a determinant for migration and differentiation of many cells, but its role in CNS axon regeneration is unknown. Therefore, LKB1 was overexpressed in sensorimotor cortex of adult mice five days after mid-thoracic spinal cord injury, using an AAV2 vector. Regeneration of corticospinal axons was dramatically enhanced. Next, systemic injection of a mutant-AAV9 vector was used to upregulate LKB1 specifically in neurons. This promoted long-distance regeneration of injured corticospinal fibers into caudal spinal cord in adult mice and regrowth of descending serotonergic and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive axons. Either intracortical or systemic viral delivery of LKB1 significantly improved recovery of locomotor functions in adult mice with spinal cord injury. Moreover, we demonstrated that LKB1 used AMPKα, NUAK1, and ERK as the downstream effectors in the cortex of adult mice. Thus, LKB1 may be a critical factor for enhancing the growth capacity of mature neurons and may be an important molecular target in the treatment of CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ohtake
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Armin Sami
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xinpei Jiang
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kieran Slattery
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lena Ma
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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27
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Fuentes CM, Schaffer DV. Adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in the central nervous system. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 7:33-41. [PMID: 34046535 PMCID: PMC8153090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 as a powerful genome editing tool has led to several studies exploring its potential to treat neurological disorders. Cas9 and its sgRNA can be readily engineered to target any gene and can be multiplexed to target several genes at once. Furthermore, the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver with Cas9 and its sgRNA is a promising therapeutic combination with strong potential to reach the clinic. Here we discuss how Cas9 editing has been utilized for gene insertion, knockout, and deletion in vivo for applications in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, we highlight major challenges that remain for AAV-Cas9-sgRNA clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Fuentes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biolomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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28
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Chansel-Debordeaux L, Bourdenx M, Dutheil N, Dovero S, Canron MH, Jimenez C, Bezard E, Dehay B. Systemic Gene Delivery by Single-Dose Intracardiac Administration of scAAV2/9 and scAAV2/rh10 Variants in Newborn Rats. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:189-199. [PMID: 30064266 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.192.r3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV2/9) and pseudotype rhesus-10 (rAAV2/rh10) are used for gene delivery, especially into the central nervous system. Both serotypes cross the blood-brain barrier and mediate stable long-term transduction in dividing and nondividing cells. Among possible routes of administration, intracardiac injection holds the potential for widespread vector diffusion associated with a relatively simple approach. In this study adopting the intracardiac route, we compare the cell-specific tropism and transfection efficacy of a panel of engineered rAAV2/9 and rAAV2/rh10 vectors encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein. We observed transduction in the brain and peripherally, with a predominant neuronal tropism while the various serotypes achieved different expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Chansel-Debordeaux
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,3 CHU Bordeaux , Service de Biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dutheil
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Dovero
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Helene Canron
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Clement Jimenez
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,3 CHU Bordeaux , Service de Biologie de la reproduction-CECOS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- 1 Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,2 CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives , UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Inoue R, Abdou K, Hayashi-Tanaka A, Muramatsu SI, Mino K, Inokuchi K, Mori H. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated amygdalar metaplasticity underlies adaptive modulation of fear memory by stress. eLife 2018; 7:e34135. [PMID: 29941090 PMCID: PMC6019067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is crucial for signaling mediated by stress-induced high levels of glucocorticoids. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is a key structure underlying auditory-cued fear conditioning. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of GR in the LA (LAGRKO) resulted in an auditory-cued fear memory deficit for strengthened conditioning. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of a single restraint stress (RS) prior to conditioning on auditory-cued fear memory in floxed GR (control) mice was abolished in LAGRKO mice. Optogenetic induction of long-term depression (LTD) at auditory inputs to the LA reduced auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed LAGRKO mice, and in contrast, optogenetic induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increased auditory-cued fear memory in RS-exposed floxed GR mice. These findings suggest that prior stress suppresses fear conditioning-induced LTP at auditory inputs to the LA in a GR-dependent manner, thereby protecting animals from encoding excessive cued fear memory under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Inoue
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kareem Abdou
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Ayumi Hayashi-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kaori Mino
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
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Abdou K, Shehata M, Choko K, Nishizono H, Matsuo M, Muramatsu SI, Inokuchi K. Synapse-specific representation of the identity of overlapping memory engrams. Science 2018; 360:1227-1231. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Memories are integrated into interconnected networks; nevertheless, each memory has its own identity. How the brain defines specific memory identity out of intermingled memories stored in a shared cell ensemble has remained elusive. We found that after complete retrograde amnesia of auditory fear conditioning in mice, optogenetic stimulation of the auditory inputs to the lateral amygdala failed to induce memory recall, implying that the memory engram no longer existed in that circuit. Complete amnesia of a given fear memory did not affect another linked fear memory encoded in the shared ensemble. Optogenetic potentiation or depotentiation of the plasticity at synapses specific to one memory affected the recall of only that memory. Thus, the sharing of engram cells underlies the linkage between memories, whereas synapse-specific plasticity guarantees the identity and storage of individual memories.
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31
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Sun S, Schaffer DV. Engineered viral vectors for functional interrogation, deconvolution, and manipulation of neural circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:163-170. [PMID: 29614429 PMCID: PMC5984719 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of traditional replication-competent viral tracers has granted access to immediate synaptic partners of target neuronal populations, enabling the dissection of complex brain circuits into functional neural pathways. The excessive virulence of most conventional tracers, however, impedes their utility in revealing and genetically perturbing cellular function on long time scales. As a promising alternative, the natural capacity of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to safely mediate persistent and robust gene expression has stimulated strong interest in adapting them for sparse neuronal labeling and physiological studies. Furthermore, increasingly refined engineering strategies have yielded novel AAV variants with enhanced target specificity, transduction, and retrograde trafficking in the CNS. These potent vectors offer new opportunities for characterizing the identity and connectivity of single neurons within immense networks and modulating their activity via robust delivery of functional genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Zhang X, He T, Chai Z, Samulski RJ, Li C. Blood-brain barrier shuttle peptides enhance AAV transduction in the brain after systemic administration. Biomaterials 2018; 176:71-83. [PMID: 29860139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has been used in preclinical and clinical trials of gene therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. One of the biggest challenges of effectively delivering AAV to the brain is to surmount the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we identified several potential BBB shuttle peptides that significantly enhanced AAV8 transduction in the brain after a systemic administration, the best of which was the THR peptide. The enhancement of AAV8 brain transduction by THR is dose-dependent, and neurons are the primary THR targets. Mechanism studies revealed that THR directly bound to the AAV8 virion, increasing its ability to cross the endothelial cell barrier. Further experiments showed that binding of THR to the AAV virion did not interfere with AAV8 infection biology, and that THR competitively blocked transferrin from binding to AAV8. Taken together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that BBB shuttle peptides are able to directly interact with AAV and increase the ability of the AAV vectors to cross the BBB for transduction enhancement in the brain. These results will shed important light on the potential applications of BBB shuttle peptides for enhancing brain transduction with systemic administration of AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Zhang
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ting He
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zheng Chai
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - R Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chengwen Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA.
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Nakamura S, Muramatsu SI, Takino N, Ito M, Jimbo EF, Shimazaki K, Onaka T, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Yamagata T, Osaka H. Gene therapy for Glut1
-deficient mouse using an adeno-associated virus vector with the human intrinsic GLUT1 promoter. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3013. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
- Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science; The University of Tokyo; Japan
| | - Naomi Takino
- Division of Neurology; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Division of Neurology; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Eriko F. Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Kuniko Shimazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics; Jichi Medical University; Tochigi Japan
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Li H. New Insights: MicroRNA Function in CNS Development and Psychiatric Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lau CH, Suh Y. In vivo genome editing in animals using AAV-CRISPR system: applications to translational research of human disease. F1000Res 2017; 6:2153. [PMID: 29333255 PMCID: PMC5749125 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has shown promising therapeutic efficacy with a good safety profile in a wide range of animal models and human clinical trials. With the advent of clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based genome-editing technologies, AAV provides one of the most suitable viral vectors to package, deliver, and express CRISPR components for targeted gene editing. Recent discoveries of smaller Cas9 orthologues have enabled the packaging of Cas9 nuclease and its chimeric guide RNA into a single AAV delivery vehicle for robust
in vivo genome editing. Here, we discuss how the combined use of small Cas9 orthologues, tissue-specific minimal promoters, AAV serotypes, and different routes of administration has advanced the development of efficient and precise
in vivo genome editing and comprehensively review the various AAV-CRISPR systems that have been effectively used in animals. We then discuss the clinical implications and potential strategies to overcome off-target effects, immunogenicity, and toxicity associated with CRISPR components and AAV delivery vehicles. Finally, we discuss ongoing non-viral-based
ex vivo gene therapy clinical trials to underscore the current challenges and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery for human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cia-Hin Lau
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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36
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Miyazaki Y, Du X, Muramatsu SI, Gomez CM. An miRNA-mediated therapy for SCA6 blocks IRES-driven translation of the CACNA1A second cistron. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:347ra94. [PMID: 27412786 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by slowly progressive ataxia and Purkinje cell degeneration. SCA6 is caused by a polyglutamine repeat expansion within a second CACNA1A gene product, α1ACT. α1ACT expression is under the control of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) present within the CACNA1A coding region. Whereas SCA6 allele knock-in mice show indistinguishable phenotypes from wild-type littermates, expression of SCA6-associated α1ACT (α1ACTSCA6) driven by a Purkinje cell-specific promoter in mice produces slowly progressive ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. We developed an early-onset SCA6 mouse model using an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene delivery system to ectopically express CACNA1A IRES-driven α1ACTSCA6 to test the potential of CACNA1A IRES-targeting therapies. Mice expressing AAV9-mediated CACNA1A IRES-driven α1ACTSCA6 exhibited early-onset ataxia, motor deficits, and Purkinje cell degeneration. We identified miR-3191-5p as a microRNA (miRNA) that targeted CACNA1A IRES and preferentially inhibited the CACNA1A IRES-driven translation of α1ACT in an Argonaute 4 (Ago4)-dependent manner. We found that eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), eIF4AII and eIF4GII, interacted with the CACNA1A IRES to enhance α1ACT translation. Ago4-bound miR-3191-5p blocked the interaction of eIF4AII and eIF4GII with the CACNA1A IRES, attenuating IRES-driven α1ACT translation. Furthermore, AAV9-mediated delivery of miR-3191-5p protected mice from the ataxia, motor deficits, and Purkinje cell degeneration caused by CACNA1A IRES-driven α1ACTSCA6 We have established proof of principle that viral delivery of an miRNA can rescue a disease phenotype through modulation of cellular IRES activity in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
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Murphy CP, Singewald N. Potential of microRNAs as novel targets in the alleviation of pathological fear. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 17:e12427. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - N. Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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38
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Lee NC, Hwu WL, Muramatsu SI, Falk DJ, Byrne BJ, Cheng CH, Shih NC, Chang KL, Tsai LK, Chien YH. A Neuron-Specific Gene Therapy Relieves Motor Deficits in Pompe Disease Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5299-5309. [PMID: 28895054 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In Pompe disease, deficient lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity causes glycogen accumulation in the muscles, which leads to weakness, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory failure. Although glycogen accumulation also occurs in the nervous system, the burden of neurological deficits in Pompe disease remains obscure. In this study, a neuron-specific gene therapy was administered to Pompe mice through intracerebroventricular injection of a viral vector carrying a neuron-specific promoter. The results revealed that gene therapy increased GAA activity and decreased glycogen content in the brain and spinal cord but not in the muscles of Pompe mice. Gene therapy only slightly increased the muscle strength of Pompe mice but substantially improved their performance on the rotarod, a test measuring motor coordination. Gene therapy also decreased astrogliosis and increased myelination in the brain and spinal cord of Pompe mice. Therefore, a neuron-specific treatment improved the motor coordination of Pompe mice by lowering glycogen accumulation, decreasing astrogliosis, and increasing myelination. These findings indicate that neurological deficits are responsible for a significant burden in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 10041, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 10041, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 3290498, Japan.,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Darin J Falk
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Chu Shih
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ling Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Tsai
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 10041, Taipei, Taiwan.
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El-Shamayleh Y, Kojima Y, Soetedjo R, Horwitz GD. Selective Optogenetic Control of Purkinje Cells in Monkey Cerebellum. Neuron 2017. [PMID: 28648497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purkinje cells of the primate cerebellum play critical but poorly understood roles in the execution of coordinated, accurate movements. Elucidating these roles has been hampered by a lack of techniques for manipulating spiking activity in these cells selectively-a problem common to most cell types in non-transgenic animals. To overcome this obstacle, we constructed AAV vectors carrying the channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) gene under the control of a 1 kb L7/Pcp2 promoter. We injected these vectors into the cerebellar cortex of rhesus macaques and tested vector efficacy in three ways. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed selective ChR2 expression in Purkinje cells. Neurophysiological recordings confirmed robust optogenetic activation. Optical stimulation of the oculomotor vermis caused saccade dysmetria. Our results demonstrate the utility of AAV-L7-ChR2 for revealing the contributions of Purkinje cells to circuit function and behavior, and they attest to the feasibility of promoter-based, targeted, genetic manipulations in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine El-Shamayleh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yoshiko Kojima
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robijanto Soetedjo
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gregory D Horwitz
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., HSB I-728, UW Mailbox 357290, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Altered Intracellular Milieu of ADAR2-Deficient Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020060. [PMID: 28208729 PMCID: PMC5333049 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology, and failure of A-to-I conversion (RNA editing) at the glutamine/arginine (Q/R) site of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA2, are etiology-linked molecular abnormalities that concomitantly occur in the motor neurons of most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) specifically catalyzes GluA2 Q/R site-RNA editing. Furthermore, conditional ADAR2 knockout mice (AR2) exhibit a progressive ALS phenotype with TDP-43 pathology in the motor neurons, which is the most reliable pathological marker of ALS. Therefore, the evidence indicates that ADAR2 downregulation is a causative factor in ALS, and AR2 mice exhibit causative molecular changes that occur in ALS. We discuss the contributors to ADAR2 downregulation and TDP-43 pathology in AR2 mouse motor neurons. We describe mechanisms of exaggerated Ca2+ influx amelioration via AMPA receptors, which is neuroprotective in ADAR2-deficient motor neurons with normalization of TDP-43 pathology in AR2 mice. Development of drugs to treat diseases requires appropriate animal models and a sensitive method of evaluating efficacy. Therefore, normalization of disrupted intracellular environments resulting from ADAR2 downregulation may be a therapeutic target for ALS. We discuss the development of targeted therapy for ALS using the AR2 mouse model.
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Gene therapy for a mouse model of glucose transporter-1 deficiency syndrome. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 10:67-74. [PMID: 28119822 PMCID: PMC5238605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We generated an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector in which the human SLC2A1 gene was expressed under the synapsin I promoter (AAV-hSLC2A1) and examined if AAV-hSLC2A1 administration can lead to functional improvement in GLUT1-deficient mice. Methods AAV-hSLC2A1 was injected into heterozygous knock-out murine Glut1 (GLUT1+/−) mice intraperitoneally (systemic; 1.85 × 1011 vg/mouse) or intra-cerebroventricularly (local; 1.85 × 1010 vg/mouse). We analyzed GLUT1 mRNA and protein expression, motor function using rota-rod and footprint tests, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose levels. Results Vector-derived RNA was detected in the cerebrum for both injection routes. In the intra-cerebroventricular injection group, exogenous GLUT1 protein was strongly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus near the injection site. In the intraperitoneal injection group, exogenous GLUT1 protein was mildly expressed in neural cells throughout the entire central nervous system. The motor function test and CSF/blood glucose ratio were significantly improved following intra-cerebroventricular injection. Conclusions AAV-hSLC2A1 administration produced exogenous GLUT1 in neural cells and improved CSF glucose levels and motor function of heterozygous knock-out murine Glut1 mice.
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Regulation of Axon Regeneration by MicroRNAs after Spinal Cord Injury. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1279051. [PMID: 27818801 PMCID: PMC5081430 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1279051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating disease which disrupts the connections between the brain and spinal cord, often resulting in the loss of sensory and motor function below the lesion site. Most injured neurons fail to regenerate in the central nervous system after injury. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the general failure of axonal regeneration after injury. MicroRNAs can modulate multiple genes' expression and are tightly controlled during nerve development or the injury process. Evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs and their signaling pathways play important roles in mediating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury. This article reviews the role and mechanism of differentially expressed microRNAs in regulating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury, as well as their therapeutic potential for promoting axonal regeneration and repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Castle MJ, Turunen HT, Vandenberghe LH, Wolfe JH. Controlling AAV Tropism in the Nervous System with Natural and Engineered Capsids. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1382:133-49. [PMID: 26611584 PMCID: PMC4993104 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3271-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
More than one hundred naturally occurring variants of adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been identified, and this library has been further expanded by an array of techniques for modification of the viral capsid. AAV capsid variants possess unique antigenic profiles and demonstrate distinct cellular tropisms driven by differences in receptor binding. AAV capsids can be chemically modified to alter tropism, can be produced as hybrid vectors that combine the properties of multiple serotypes, and can carry peptide insertions that introduce novel receptor-binding activity. Furthermore, directed evolution of shuffled genome libraries can identify engineered variants with unique properties, and rational modification of the viral capsid can alter tropism, reduce blockage by neutralizing antibodies, or enhance transduction efficiency. This large number of AAV variants and engineered capsids provides a varied toolkit for gene delivery to the CNS and retina, with specialized vectors available for many applications, but selecting a capsid variant from the array of available vectors can be difficult. This chapter describes the unique properties of a range of AAV variants and engineered capsids, and provides a guide for selecting the appropriate vector for specific applications in the CNS and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Castle
- Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 502-G Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Heikki T Turunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Luk H Vandenberghe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - John H Wolfe
- Research Institute of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 502-G Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- W.F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Lipinski DM, Reid CA, Boye SL, Peterson JJ, Qi X, Boye SE, Boulton ME, Hauswirth WW. Systemic Vascular Transduction by Capsid Mutant Adeno-Associated Virus After Intravenous Injection. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:767-76. [PMID: 26359319 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to effectively deliver genetic material to vascular endothelial cells remains one of the greatest unmet challenges facing the development of gene therapies to prevent diseases with underlying vascular etiology, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and age-related macular degeneration. Herein, we assess the effectiveness of an rAAV2-based capsid mutant vector (Y272F, Y444F, Y500F, Y730F, T491V; termed QuadYF+TV) with strong endothelial cell tropism at transducing the vasculature after systemic administration. Intravenous injection of QuadYF+TV resulted in widespread transduction throughout the vasculature of several major organ systems, as assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and postmortem histology. Robust transduction of lung tissue was observed in QuadYF+TV-injected mice, indicating a role for intravenous gene delivery in the treatment of chronic diseases presenting with pulmonary complications, such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency. The QuadYF+TV vector cross-reacted strongly with AAV2 neutralizing antibodies, however, indicating that a targeted delivery strategy may be required to maximize clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lipinski
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida .,2 Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Reid
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sanford L Boye
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - James J Peterson
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shannon E Boye
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael E Boulton
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - William W Hauswirth
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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Benefits of Neuronal Preferential Systemic Gene Therapy for Neurotransmitter Deficiency. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1572-81. [PMID: 26137853 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease that impairs synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. Children with AADC deficiency exhibit severe motor, behavioral, and autonomic dysfunctions. We previously generated an IVS6+4A>T knock-in mouse model of AADC deficiency (Ddc(KI) mice) and showed that gene therapy at the neonatal stage can rescue this phenotype. In the present study, we extended this treatment to systemic therapy on young mice. After intraperitoneal injection of AADC viral vectors into 7-day-old Ddc(KI) mice, the treated mice exhibited improvements in weight gain, survival, motor function, autonomic function, and behavior. The yfAAV9/3-Syn-I-mAADC-treated mice showed greater neuronal transduction and higher brain dopamine levels than AAV9-CMV-hAADC-treated mice, whereas AAV9-CMV-hAADC-treated mice exhibited hyperactivity. Therefore, neurotransmitter-deficient animals can be rescued at a young age using systemic gene therapy, although a vector for preferential neuronal expression may be necessary to avoid hyperactivity caused by this treatment.
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Scott KA, Hoban AE, Clarke G, Moloney GM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Thinking small: towards microRNA-based therapeutics for anxiety disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:529-42. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.997873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Scott
- 1Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan E Hoban
- 1Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 3Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- 1Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 3Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- 1Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- 2Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Bourdenx M, Dutheil N, Bezard E, Dehay B. Systemic gene delivery to the central nervous system using Adeno-associated virus. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:50. [PMID: 24917785 PMCID: PMC4040820 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery has emerged as an effective and safe tool for both preclinical and clinical studies of neurological disorders. The recent discovery that several serotypes are able to cross the blood–brain barrier when administered systemically has been a real breakthrough in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Widespread transgene expression after systemic injection could spark interest as a therapeutic approach. Such strategy will avoid invasive brain surgery and allow non-focal gene therapy promising for CNS diseases affecting large portion of the brain. Here, we will review the recent results achieved through different systemic routes of injection generated in the last decade using systemic AAV-mediated delivery and propose a brief assessment of their values. In particular, we emphasize how the methods used for virus engineering could improve brain transduction after peripheral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bourdenx
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France ; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dutheil
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France ; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293 Bordeaux, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France ; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France ; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293 Bordeaux, France
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Ojala DS, Amara DP, Schaffer DV. Adeno-associated virus vectors and neurological gene therapy. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:84-98. [PMID: 24557878 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414521870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has strong potential for treating a variety of genetic disorders, as demonstrated in recent clinical trials. There is unfortunately no scarcity of disease targets, and the grand challenge in this field has instead been the development of safe and efficient gene delivery platforms. To date, approximately two thirds of the 1800 gene therapy clinical trials completed worldwide have used viral vectors. Among these, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as particularly promising because of its impressive safety profile and efficiency in transducing a wide range of cell types. Gene delivery to the CNS involves both considerable promise and unique challenges, and better AAV vectors are thus needed to translate CNS gene therapy approaches to the clinic. This review discusses strategies for vector design, potential routes of administration, immune responses, and clinical applications of AAV in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ojala
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dominic P Amara
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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