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Li J, Chen J, Shen B, Lu R, He W, Huang X, Li D, Su L, Long J. Association of non-essential metals with Chinese schizophrenia: A case-control study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38339807 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential link between environmental pollutants, including metals, and schizophrenia development remains debated. This study aimed to explore the association between plasma levels of three non-essential metals-barium (Ba), tungsten (W), and uranium (U)-and schizophrenia risk among Chinese individuals. METHOD We recruited a total of 221 patients and 219 healthy controls. Plasma levels of three non-essential metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We employed unconditional logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to explore the relationship between exposure to multiple metals and the risk of schizophrenia. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis revealed that the highest quartile (Q4) of W had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.08-3.21) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), with a significant P-trend of 0.017. For U, the ORs (95% CI) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 2.06 (1.19-3.56), 1.99 (1.15-3.44), and 1.74 (1.00-3.00), respectively. BKMR analyses revealed a progressive increase in the risk of schizophrenia with increasing cumulative levels of the three metals at concentrations below 35%, with U playing a major role in this association. U showed a non-linear positive correlation with schizophrenia, particularly at the 75th percentile level. Moreover, potential interactions were observed between W and Ba, as well as between W and U. CONCLUSION Higher plasma W and U concentrations were positively associated with the risk of schizophrenia, which was potentially related to the severity of symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rumei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wanting He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaolan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianxiong Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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2
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Vellingiri B. A deeper understanding about the role of uranium toxicity in neurodegeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116430. [PMID: 37329943 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural deposits and human-caused releases of uranium have led to its contamination in the nature. Toxic environmental contaminants such as uranium that harm cerebral processes specifically target the brain. Numerous experimental researches have shown that occupational and environmental uranium exposure can result in a wide range of health issues. According to the recent experimental research, uranium can enter the brain after exposure and cause neurobehavioral problems such as elevated motion related activity, disruption of the sleep-wake cycle, poor memory, and elevated anxiety. However, the exact mechanism behind the factor for neurotoxicity by uranium is still uncertain. This review primarily aims on a brief overview of uranium, its route of exposure to the central nervous system, and the likely mechanism of uranium in neurological diseases including oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and neuronal inflammation has been described, which could present the probable state-of-the-art status of uranium in neurotoxicity. Finally, we offer some preventative strategies to workers who are exposed to uranium at work. In closing, this study highlights the knowledge of uranium's health dangers and underlying toxicological mechanisms is still in its infancy, and there is still more to learn about many contentious discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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3
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Erdei E, Qeadan F, Miller CP, Kanda DA, Luo L, Gonzales M, Lewis JL, MacKenzie D. Environmental uranium exposures and cytokine profiles among mother-newborn baby pairs from the Navajo Βirth Cohort Study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116292. [PMID: 36270330 PMCID: PMC10228290 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Navajo Nation was heavily mined for uranium (U) during the cold-war leading to a legacy of >1100 abandoned U mining, milling and associated waste sites. The Navajo Birth Cohort Study was initiated to assess the effect of non-occupational legacy exposure to U during pregnancy on birth outcomes and child development. We report that 92% of babies with detectable urine U at birth were born from mothers who had urine U concentrations greater than national norms during pregnancy, indicative of prenatal exposure to U. To assess immune alterations associated with U exposure on both mothers and babies, we investigated associations between cytokine profiles and maternal U and associations of these measures with cytokine profiles in babies. Effect sizes for the differences in cytokine profiles were more evident among babies than mothers. Overall, there were seven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α), for which the effect size for babies with higher than the national U concentrations was medium to large (ORs of 2.21 (1.08-4.52) through 1.71(0.76-3.83). In contrast, only three cytokines (IL-8, IL-12p70, and TNF-α) had effect sizes which almost reached medium strength (ORs of 1.64 (0.74-4.05) through 1.36 (0.65-2.87) in mothers with U above national norms. The effects of prenatal exposures to uranium and associated alterations in systemic immune responses resulting from U exposure could impact both maternal health as well as healthy child development through induction of inflammation, autoimmunity or other chronic diseases related to immune dysfunction that may affect long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Erdei
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Fares Qeadan
- Loyola University Chicago, Parkinson School of Public Health, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Curtis P Miller
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Kanda
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine & University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Li Luo
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine & University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Preventive Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Johnnye L Lewis
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Community Environmental Health Program, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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4
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Thompson González N, Ong J, Luo L, MacKenzie D. Chronic Community Exposure to Environmental Metal Mixtures Is Associated with Selected Cytokines in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14939. [PMID: 36429656 PMCID: PMC9690552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many tribal populations are characterized by health disparities, including higher rates of infection, metabolic syndrome, and cancer-all of which are mediated by the immune system. Members of the Navajo Nation have suffered chronic low-level exposure to metal mixtures from uranium mine wastes for decades. We suspect that such metal and metalloid exposures lead to adverse health effects via their modulation of immune system function. We examined the relationships between nine key metal and metalloid exposures (in blood and urine) with 11 circulating biomarkers (cytokines and CRP in serum) in 231 pregnant Navajo women participating in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study. Biomonitored levels of uranium and arsenic species were considerably higher in participants than NHANES averages. Each biomarker was associated with a unique set of exposures, and arsenic species were generally immunosuppressive (decreased cellular and humoral stimulating cytokines). Overall, our results suggest that environmental metal and metalloid exposures modulate immune status in pregnant Navajo women, which may impact long-term health outcomes in mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Thompson González
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Academic Science Education and Research Training Program, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jennifer Ong
- Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Debra MacKenzie
- Health Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Grison S, Souidi M. Use of omics analysis for low-dose radiotoxicology and health risk assessment: the case of uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac025. [PMID: 36518874 PMCID: PMC9743459 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollution and the increase in the incidence of multifactorial diseases in the population have become health problems for industrialized countries. In this context, the question of the health impact of exposure to these pollutants is not clearly identified in the low-dose range. This article looks at this problem using the example of preclinical studies of the effects of chronic low-dose exposure to uranium in rats. These studies demonstrate the value of molecular screening analyses (omics) and multimodal integrative approaches, of which the extreme sensitivity and breadth of observation spectrum make it possible to observe all the biological processes affected and the mechanisms of action triggered at the molecular level by exposure to low doses. They also show the value of these analytical approaches for finding diagnostic biomarkers or indicators of prognosis, which can be necessary to evaluate a risk. Finally, the results of these studies raise the question of the health risk caused by epigenomic deregulations occurring during critical developmental phases and their potential contribution to the development of chronic diseases that are metabolic in origin or to the development of certain cancer liable in the long term to affect the exposed adult and possibly its progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- *Correspondence address. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. Tel: +331-58-35-91-23; E-mail:
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Schilz JR, Dashner-Titus EJ, Simmons KA, Erdei E, Bolt AM, MacKenzie DA, Hudson LG. The immunotoxicity of natural and depleted uranium: From cells to people. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116252. [PMID: 36152676 PMCID: PMC10044422 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Uranium is a naturally occurring element found in the environment as a mixture of isotopes with differing radioactive properties. Enrichment of mined material results in depleted uranium waste with substantially reduced radioactivity but retains the capacity for chemical toxicity. Uranium mine and milling waste are dispersed by wind and rain leading to environmental exposures through soil, air, and water contamination. Uranium exposure is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes in humans, yet there is limited understanding of the effects of depleted uranium on the immune system. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings on uranium immunotoxicity obtained from cell, rodent and human population studies. We also highlight how each model contributes to an understanding of mechanisms that lead to immunotoxicity and limitations inherent within each system. Information from population, animal, and laboratory studies will be needed to significantly expand our knowledge of the contributions of depleted uranium to immune dysregulation, which may then inform prevention or intervention measures for exposed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi R Schilz
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Erica J Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Karen A Simmons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Esther Erdei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Debra A MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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7
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Early Metabolomic Markers of Acute Low-Dose Exposure to Uranium in Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050421. [PMID: 35629925 PMCID: PMC9147032 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolomics over time were studied in rats to identify early biomarkers and highlight the main metabolic pathways that are significantly altered in the period immediately following acute low-dose uranium exposure. A dose response relationship study was established from urine and plasma samples collected periodically over 9 months after the exposure of young adult male rats to uranyl nitrate. LC-MS and biostatistical analysis were used to identify early discriminant metabolites. As expected, low doses of uranium lead to time-based non-toxic biological effects, which can be used to identify early and delayed markers of exposure in both urine and plasma samples. A combination of surrogate markers for uranium exposure was validated from the most discriminant early markers for making effective predictions. N-methyl-nicotinamide, kynurenic acid, serotonin, tryptophan, tryptamine, and indole acetic acid associated with the nicotinate–nicotinamide and tryptophan pathway seem to be one of the main biological targets, as shown previously for chronic contaminations and completed, among others, by betaine metabolism. This study can be considered as a proof of concept for the relevance of metabolomics in the field of low-dose internal contamination by uranium, for the development of predictive diagnostic tests usable for radiotoxicological monitoring.
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8
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Guéguen Y, Frerejacques M. Review of Knowledge of Uranium-Induced Kidney Toxicity for the Development of an Adverse Outcome Pathway to Renal Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084397. [PMID: 35457214 PMCID: PMC9030063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a conceptual construct of causally and sequentially linked events, which occur during exposure to stressors, with an adverse outcome relevant to risk assessment. The development of an AOP is a means of identifying knowledge gaps in order to prioritize research assessing the health risks associated with exposure to physical or chemical stressors. In this paper, a review of knowledge was proposed, examining experimental and epidemiological data, in order to identify relevant key events and potential key event relationships in an AOP for renal impairment, relevant to stressors such as uranium (U). Other stressors may promote similar pathways, and this review is a necessary step to compare and combine knowledge reported for nephrotoxicants. U metal ions are filtered through the glomerular membrane of the kidneys, then concentrate in the cortical and juxtaglomerular areas, and bind to the brush border membrane of the proximal convoluted tubules. U uptake by epithelial cells occurs through endocytosis and the sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter (NaPi-IIa). The identified key events start with the inhibition of the mitochondria electron transfer chain and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, due to cytochrome b5/cytochrome c disruption. In the nucleus, U directly interacts with negatively charged DNA phosphate, thereby inducing an adduct formation, and possibly DNA strand breaks or cross-links. U also compromises DNA repair by inhibiting zing finger proteins. Thereafter, U triggers the Nrf2, NF-κB, or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. The resulting cellular key events include oxidative stress, DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, the main adverse outcome is tubular damage of the S2 and S3 segments of the kidneys, leading to tubular cell death, and then kidney failure. The attribution of renal carcinogenesis due to U is controversial, and specific experimental or epidemiological studies must be conducted. A tentative construction of an AOP for uranium-induced kidney toxicity and failure was proposed.
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The Effectiveness of Potential Probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe and Lactobacillus delbrueckii IAHAHI in Irradiated Rats Depends on the Nutritional Stage of the Host. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1439-1450. [PMID: 32462507 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several species of eukaryotic organisms living in the high mountain areas of Armenia with naturally occurring levels of radiation have high adaptive responses to radiation. We speculate on the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in this protection against radiation. Therefore, seventeen microorganisms with high antagonistic activities against several multi-drug-resistant pathogens were isolated from the human and animal gut microbiota, as well as from traditional Armenian fermented products. These strains were tested in vivo on Wistar rats to determine their ability to protect the eukaryotic host against radiation damages. The efficiency of the probiotics' application and the dependence on pre- and post-radiation nutrition of rats were described. The effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Vahe, isolated from a healthy breastfed infant, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii IAHAHI, isolated from the fermented dairy product matsuni, on the survival of irradiated rats, and their blood leucocyte and glucose levels, were considered to be the most promising, based on this study's results.
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Bontemps-Karcher A, Magneron V, Conquet L, Elie C, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Roy L, Barbier OC, Guéguen Y. Renal adaptive response to exposure to low doses of uranyl nitrate and sodium fluoride in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126708. [PMID: 33360916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their differences in physicochemical properties, both uranium (U) and fluoride (F) are nephrotoxicants at high doses but their adverse effects at low doses are still the subject of debate. METHODS This study aims to improve the knowledge of the biological mechanisms involved through an adaptive response model of C57BL/6 J mice chronically exposed to low priming doses of U (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) or F (0, 15, 30 and 50 mg/L) and then challenged with acute exposure of 5 mg/kg U or 7.5 mg/kg NaF. RESULTS We showed that an adaptive response occurred with priming exposures to 20 mg/L U and 50 mg/L F, with decreased levels of the biomarkers KIM-1 and CLU compared to those in animals that received the challenge dose only (positive control). The adaptive mechanisms involved a decrease in caspase 3/7 activities in animals exposed to 20 mg/L U and a decrease in in situ VCAM expression in mice exposed to 50 mg/L F. However, autophagy and the UPR were induced independently of priming exposure to U or F and could not be identified as adaptive mechanisms to U or F. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results allow us to identify renal adaptive responses to U and F at doses of 20 and 50 mg/L, probably through decrease apoptosis and inflammatory cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bontemps-Karcher
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Victor Magneron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Christelle Elie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laurence Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier C Barbier
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Departamento de Toxicología (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, México City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Ma M, Wang R, Xu L, Xu M, Liu S. Emerging health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium contamination: Lessons from the past two decades. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106107. [PMID: 32932066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uranium contamination is a global health concern. Regarding natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination, the major sources of concern are groundwater, mining, phosphate fertilizers, nuclear facilities, and military activities. Many epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that environmental and occupational uranium exposure can induce multifarious health problems. Uranium exposure may cause health risks because of its chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity in natural or anthropogenic scenarios: the former is generally thought to play a more significant role with regard to the natural uranium exposure, and the latter is more relevant to enriched uranium exposure. The understanding of the health risks and underlying toxicological mechanisms of uranium remains at a preliminary stage, and many controversial findings require further research. In order to present state-of-the-art status in this field, this review will primarily focus on the chemotoxicity of uranium, rather than its radiotoxicity, as well as the involved toxicological mechanisms. First, the natural or anthropogenic uranium contamination scenarios will be briefly summarized. Second, the health risks upon natural uranium exposure, for example, nephrotoxicity, bone toxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity, will be discussed based on the reported epidemiological cases and laboratory studies. Third, the recent advances regarding the toxicological mechanisms of uranium-induced chemotoxicity will be highlighted, including oxidative stress, genetic damage, protein impairment, inflammation, and metabolic disorder. Finally, the gaps and challenges in the knowledge of uranium-induced chemotoxicity and underlying mechanisms will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Mitrović B, Stojanović M, Sekulić Ž, Andrić V, Vićentijević M, Vranješ B. Toxicity of high uranium doses in broilers and protection with mineral adsorbents. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:385-391. [PMID: 30972493 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the uranium distribution and histopathological changes in broiler organs (kidney, liver, and brain) and muscle after 7 days of contamination with high doses of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UN), and the protective efficiency of three different mineral adsorbents (organobentonite, organozeolite, and sepiolite). During the 7 days, the UN administration was 50 mg per day, and administration of adsorbents was 2 g per day immediately after UN. In control group where broilers received only UN, histopathological changes such as necrosis of intestinal villi, oedema, vacuolisation and abruption of epithelial cells in renal tubules, oedema and vacuolisation of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and dystrophic changes in the neurons of the medulla oblongata were observed. In contrast, when the adsorbents organobentonite, organozeolite, and sepiolite were administered, no histopathological changes were observed in liver and brain. The investigated adsorbents showed the highest protective effects in liver (80-92%), compared to the kidney (77-86%), brain (37-64%), and meat (31-63%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Mitrović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana Stojanović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Row Materials, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Franše d'Eperea 86, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Živko Sekulić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Row Materials, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Franše d'Eperea 86, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Velibor Andrić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Vićentijević
- Science Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Vojvode Toze 14, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Borjana Vranješ
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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13
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Bolt AM, Medina S, Lauer FT, Liu KJ, Burchiel SW. Minimal uranium immunotoxicity following a 60-day drinking water exposure to uranyl acetate in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 372:33-39. [PMID: 30978399 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Historical uranium (U) mining in the Southwestern United States resulted in significant environmental contamination throughout this region and presents a significant risk of chronic metal exposure and toxicity for communities living in close proximity to mine waste sites. Uranium exposure is associated with numerous deleterious health effects including immune dysfunction; however, its effects on the immune system have yet to be fully characterized. We recently published that drinking water exposure to U, in the form of uranyl acetate (UA), results in low overall tissue retention of U (<0.01%), with very little accumulation in immune organs (blood, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus) of male and female mice. In the present study we characterized the immunotoxicity of U, in the form of UA, following a 60-day drinking water exposure to 5 and 50 ppm in male and female C57BL/6J mice. The following immunotoxicity endpoints were evaluated: hematology, immune tissue weights and total cell recoveries, immunophenotying of the spleen and thymus, and immune cell function (lymphocyte mitogenesis and T-dependent antibody response). Uranium exposure had subtle impacts on the immune endpoints evaluated, likely due to low U accumulation at these sites. The only significant alterations were a slight decrease in the percentages of splenic natural killer T-cells and macrophages in exposed male mice. Despite minimal immunological effects, this study highlights the importance of investigating toxicological endpoints in both sexes and developing accurate animal models that model epidemiological exposures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Bolt
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| | - Sebastian Medina
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
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Grison S, Kereselidze D, Cohen D, Gloaguen C, Elie C, Lestaevel P, Legendre A, Manens L, Habchi B, Benadjaoud MA, Tarlet G, Milliat F, Martin JC, Lobaccaro JM, Souidi M. Applying a multiscale systems biology approach to study the effect of chronic low-dose exposure to uranium in rat kidneys. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:737-752. [PMID: 30714840 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1577567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effects of low-dose exposure to uranium with a systems biology approach, a multiscale high-throughput multi-omics analysis was applied with a protocol for chronic exposure to the rat kidney. Methods: Male and female rats were contaminated for nine months through their drinking water with a nontoxic solution of uranyl nitrate. A multiscale approach enabled clinical monitoring associated with metabolomic and transcriptomic (mRNA and microRNA) analyses. Results: A sex-interaction effect was observed in the kidney, urine, and plasma metabolomes of contaminated rats. Moreover, urine and kidney metabolic profiles correlated and confirmed that the primary dysregulated metabolisms are those of nicotinate-nicotinamide and of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Upstream of the metabolic pathways, transcriptomic profiles of the kidney reveal gene activity focused on gene regulation mechanisms, cell signaling, cell structure, developmental processes, and cell proliferation. Examination of epigenetic post-transcriptional gene regulation processes showed significant dysregulation of 70 micro-RNAs. The multi-omics approach highlighted the activities of the cells' biological processes on multiple scales through analysis of gene expression, confirmed by changes observed in the metabolome. Conclusion: Our results showed changes in multi-omic profiles of rats exposed to low doses of uranium contamination, compared with controls. These changes involved gene expression as well as modifications in the transcriptome and the metabolome. The metabolomic profile confirmed that the main molecular targets of uranium in kidney cells are the metabolism of nicotinate-nicotinamide and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed that the metabolism of fatty acids is targeted by processes associated with cell function. These results demonstrate that multiscale systems biology is useful in elucidating the most discriminative pathways from genomic to metabolomic levels for assessing the biological impact of this low-level environmental exposure, i.e. the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - David Cohen
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Céline Gloaguen
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Christelle Elie
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Audrey Legendre
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Line Manens
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Baninia Habchi
- b Aix Marseille Université (AMU), NORT, UMR INSERM 1062 , Marseille , France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- c Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- d Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- d Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- b Aix Marseille Université (AMU), NORT, UMR INSERM 1062 , Marseille , France
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- e Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, UMR CNRS6293-INSERM U1103 , Aubière , France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- a Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX , Fontenay-aux-Roses , France
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15
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Asic A, Kurtovic-Kozaric A, Besic L, Mehinovic L, Hasic A, Kozaric M, Hukic M, Marjanovic D. Chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium: The evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:665-673. [PMID: 28472753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge on chemical toxicity and radioactivity of depleted uranium (DU) and their effect on living systems and cell lines. This was done by presenting a summary of previous investigations conducted on different mammalian body systems and cell cultures in terms of potential changes caused by either chemical toxicity or radioactivity of DU. In addition, the authors aimed to point out the limitations of those studies and possible future directions. The majority of both in vitro and in vivo studies performed using animal models regarding possible effects caused by acute or chronic DU exposure has been reviewed. Furthermore, exposure time and dose, DU particle solubility, and uranium isotopes as factors affecting the extent of DU effects have been discussed. Special attention has been dedicated to chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and DNA breaks, as well as micronuclei formation and epigenetic changes, as DU has recently been considered a possible causative factor of all these processes. Therefore, this approach might represent a novel area of study of DU-related irradiation effects on health. Since different studies offer contradictory results, the main aim of this review is to summarize and briefly discuss previously obtained results in order to identify the current opinion on DU toxicity and radioactivity effects in relation to exposure type and duration, as well as DU properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adna Asic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Kurtovic-Kozaric
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Larisa Besic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Mehinovic
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Azra Hasic
- Department of Biology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirza Kozaric
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pathology, Cytology and Human Genetics, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirsada Hukic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Academy of Sciences and Art of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institute for Biomedical Diagnostics Nalaz, Hasana Brkica 2, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Damir Marjanovic
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidza, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Institute for Anthropologic Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Guéguen Y, Roy L, Hornhardt S, Badie C, Hall J, Baatout S, Pernot E, Tomasek L, Laurent O, Ebrahimian T, Ibanez C, Grison S, Kabacik S, Laurier D, Gomolka M. Biomarkers for Uranium Risk Assessment for the Development of the CURE (Concerted Uranium Research in Europe) Molecular Epidemiological Protocol. Radiat Res 2017; 187:107-127. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14505.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Laurent O, Gomolka M, Haylock R, Blanchardon E, Giussani A, Atkinson W, Baatout S, Bingham D, Cardis E, Hall J, Tomasek L, Ancelet S, Badie C, Bethel G, Bertho JM, Bouet S, Bull R, Challeton-de Vathaire C, Cockerill R, Davesne E, Ebrahimian T, Engels H, Gillies M, Grellier J, Grison S, Gueguen Y, Hornhardt S, Ibanez C, Kabacik S, Kotik L, Kreuzer M, Lebacq AL, Marsh J, Nosske D, O'Hagan J, Pernot E, Puncher M, Rage E, Riddell T, Roy L, Samson E, Souidi M, Turner MC, Zhivin S, Laurier D. Concerted Uranium Research in Europe (CURE): toward a collaborative project integrating dosimetry, epidemiology and radiobiology to study the effects of occupational uranium exposure. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:319-345. [PMID: 27183135 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/2/319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential health impacts of chronic exposures to uranium, as they occur in occupational settings, are not well characterized. Most epidemiological studies have been limited by small sample sizes, and a lack of harmonization of methods used to quantify radiation doses resulting from uranium exposure. Experimental studies have shown that uranium has biological effects, but their implications for human health are not clear. New studies that would combine the strengths of large, well-designed epidemiological datasets with those of state-of-the-art biological methods would help improve the characterization of the biological and health effects of occupational uranium exposure. The aim of the European Commission concerted action CURE (Concerted Uranium Research in Europe) was to develop protocols for such a future collaborative research project, in which dosimetry, epidemiology and biology would be integrated to better characterize the effects of occupational uranium exposure. These protocols were developed from existing European cohorts of workers exposed to uranium together with expertise in epidemiology, biology and dosimetry of CURE partner institutions. The preparatory work of CURE should allow a large scale collaborative project to be launched, in order to better characterize the effects of uranium exposure and more generally of alpha particles and low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Laurent
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Assessment of the Central Effects of Natural Uranium via Behavioural Performances and the Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9740353. [PMID: 27247806 PMCID: PMC4877492 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9740353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural uranium (NU), a component of the earth's crust, is not only a heavy metal but also an alpha particle emitter, with chemical and radiological toxicity. Populations may therefore be chronically exposed to NU through drinking water and food. Since the central nervous system is known to be sensitive to pollutants during its development, we assessed the effects on the behaviour and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome of rats exposed for 9 months from birth to NU via lactation and drinking water (1.5, 10, or 40 mg·L(-1) for male rats and 40 mg·L(-1) for female rats). Medium-term memory decreased in comparison to controls in male rats exposed to 1.5, 10, or 40 mg·L(-1) NU. In male rats, spatial working memory and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour were only altered by exposure to 40 mg·L(-1) NU and any significant effect was observed on locomotor activity. In female rats exposed to NU, only locomotor activity was significantly increased in comparison with controls. LC-MS metabolomics of CSF discriminated the fingerprints of the male and/or female NU-exposed and control groups. This study suggests that exposure to environmental doses of NU from development to adulthood can have an impact on rat brain function.
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Grison S, Favé G, Maillot M, Manens L, Delissen O, Blanchardon É, Dublineau I, Aigueperse J, Bohand S, Martin JC, Souidi M. Metabolomics reveals dose effects of low-dose chronic exposure to uranium in rats: identification of candidate biomarkers in urine samples. Metabolomics 2016; 12:154. [PMID: 27729830 PMCID: PMC5025510 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data are sparse about the potential health risks of chronic low-dose contamination of humans by uranium (natural or anthropogenic) in drinking water. Previous studies report some molecular imbalances but no clinical signs due to uranium intake. OBJECTIVES In a proof-of-principle study, we reported that metabolomics is an appropriate method for addressing this chronic low-dose exposure in a rat model (uranium dose: 40 mg L-1; duration: 9 months, n = 10). In the present study, our aim was to investigate the dose-effect pattern and identify additional potential biomarkers in urine samples. METHODS Compared to our previous protocol, we doubled the number of rats per group (n = 20), added additional sampling time points (3 and 6 months) and included several lower doses of natural uranium (doses used: 40, 1.5, 0.15 and 0.015 mg L-1). LC-MS metabolomics was performed on urine samples and statistical analyses were made with SIMCA-P+ and R packages. RESULTS The data confirmed our previous results and showed that discrimination was both dose and time related. Uranium exposure was revealed in rats contaminated for 9 months at a dose as low as 0.15 mg L-1. Eleven features, including the confidently identified N1-methylnicotinamide, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and 4-hydroxyphenylacetylglycine, discriminated control from contaminated rats with a specificity and a sensitivity ranging from 83 to 96 %, when combined into a composite score. CONCLUSION These findings show promise for the elucidation of underlying radiotoxicologic mechanisms and the design of a diagnostic test to assess exposure in urine, in a dose range experimentally estimated to be above a threshold between 0.015 and 0.15 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Grison
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Gaëlle Favé
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), NORT, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1062, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inra, UMR_INRA 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Maillot
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), NORT, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1062, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inra, UMR_INRA 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
- MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France
| | - Line Manens
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Olivia Delissen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Éric Blanchardon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SDI, LEDI, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Isabelle Dublineau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Jocelyne Aigueperse
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | | | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), NORT, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1062, 13005 Marseille, France
- Inra, UMR_INRA 1260, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maâmar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-HOM, SRBE, LRTOX, 92260 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
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Zhivin S, Guseva Canu I, Samson E, Laurent O, Grellier J, Collomb P, Zablotska LB, Laurier D. Mortality (1968–2008) in a French cohort of uranium enrichment workers potentially exposed to rapidly soluble uranium compounds. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:167-74. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bersimbaev RI, Bulgakova O. The health effects of radon and uranium on the population of Kazakhstan. Genes Environ 2015; 37:18. [PMID: 27350814 PMCID: PMC4918080 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-015-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioactive contamination is a significant factor affecting the environment and human health. Radon and its decay products are the major contributors to human exposure from natural radiation sources. World Health Organization has identified the chronic residential exposure to radon and its decay products as the second cause of lung cancer after tobacco consumption and also as the main risk-factor in never smokers. The high levels of radon are observed in the North and East areas of Kazakhstan because of the natural radiation sources and the long-term and large-scale mining of uranium. The genotoxic effects of radon on population of Kazakhstan are poorly understood, in spite of the fact that many regions of the country contain the high levels of radon. Studies elucidating potential health risk among population exposed to radon and genotoxic effect of radon in Kazakhstan are very limited or they have never been addressed in some areas. In this review, we are presenting available data on the residential radon exposure of humans in uranium mining and milling areas in the North and East areas of Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakmetkazhy I Bersimbaev
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaitpassov str.5, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Munaitpassov str.5, 010008 Astana, Kazakhstan
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Dinocourt C, Legrand M, Dublineau I, Lestaevel P. The neurotoxicology of uranium. Toxicology 2015; 337:58-71. [PMID: 26277741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a target of environmental toxic pollutants that impair cerebral functions. Uranium is present in the environment as a result of natural deposits and release by human applications. The first part of this review describes the passage of uranium into the brain, and its effects on neurological functions and cognitive abilities. Very few human studies have looked at its cognitive effects. Experimental studies show that after exposure, uranium can reach the brain and lead to neurobehavioral impairments, including increased locomotor activity, perturbation of the sleep-wake cycle, decreased memory, and increased anxiety. The mechanisms underlying these neurobehavioral disturbances are not clearly understood. It is evident that there must be more than one toxic mechanism and that it might include different targets in the brain. In the second part, we therefore review the principal mechanisms that have been investigated in experimental models: imbalance of the anti/pro-oxidant system and neurochemical and neurophysiological pathways. Uranium effects are clearly specific according to brain area, dose, and time. Nonetheless, this review demonstrates the paucity of data about its effects on developmental processes and the need for more attention to the consequences of exposure during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dinocourt
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Marie Legrand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Isabelle Dublineau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Pôle de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie Expérimentale, BP 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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