1
|
Mili M, Bachu V, Kuri PR, Singh NK, Goswami P. Improving synthesis and binding affinities of nucleic acid aptamers and their therapeutics and diagnostic applications. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107218. [PMID: 38547671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers have captivated the attention of analytical and medicinal scientists globally due to their several advantages as recognition molecules over conventional antibodies because of their small size, simple and inexpensive synthesis, broad target range, and high stability in varied environmental conditions. These recognition molecules can be chemically modified to make them resistant to nuclease action in blood serum, reduce rapid renel clearance, improve the target affinity and selectivity, and make them amenable to chemically conjugate with a support system that facilitates their selective applications. This review focuses on the development of efficient aptamer candidates and their application in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Significant advances have been made in aptamer-based diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Collaterally, the progress made in therapeutic applications of aptamers is encouraging, as evident from their use in diagnosing cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infection, and in imaging. This review also updates the progress on clinical trials of many aptamer-based products of commercial interests. The key development and critical issues on the subject have been summarized in the concluding remarks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malaya Mili
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vinay Bachu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pooja Rani Kuri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang B, Kobeissy F, Golpich M, Cai G, Li X, Abedi R, Haskins W, Tan W, Benner SA, Wang KKW. Aptamer Technologies in Neuroscience, Neuro-Diagnostics and Neuro-Medicine Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1124. [PMID: 38474636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aptamers developed using in vitro Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technology are single-stranded nucleic acids 10-100 nucleotides in length. Their targets, often with specificity and high affinity, range from ions and small molecules to proteins and other biological molecules as well as larger systems, including cells, tissues, and animals. Aptamers often rival conventional antibodies with improved performance, due to aptamers' unique biophysical and biochemical properties, including small size, synthetic accessibility, facile modification, low production cost, and low immunogenicity. Therefore, there is sustained interest in engineering and adapting aptamers for many applications, including diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, aptamers have shown promise as early diagnostic biomarkers and in precision medicine for neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Here, we critically review neuro-targeting aptamers and their potential applications in neuroscience research, neuro-diagnostics, and neuro-medicine. We also discuss challenges that must be overcome, including delivery across the blood-brain barrier, increased affinity, and improved in vivo stability and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 1501 NW 68th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CVNR), Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Guangzheng Cai
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Reem Abedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - William Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Steven A Benner
- The Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 1501 NW 68th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CVNR), Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Devi S, Sharma N, Ahmed T, Huma ZI, Kour S, Sahoo B, Singh AK, Macesic N, Lee SJ, Gupta MK. Aptamer-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in animals: Current potential and challenges. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5081-5093. [PMID: 34466086 PMCID: PMC8381015 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast and precise diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases and their targeted treatments are of utmost importance for their clinical management. The existing biochemical, serological and molecular methods of disease diagnosis need improvement in their specificity, sensitivity and cost and, are generally not amenable for being used as points-of-care (POC) device. Further, with dramatic changes in environment and farm management practices, one should also arm ourselves and prepare for emerging and re-emerging animal diseases such as cancer, prion diseases, COVID-19, influenza etc. Aptamer – oligonucleotide or short peptides that can specifically bind to target molecules – have increasingly become popular in developing biosensors for sensitive detection of analytes, pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungus, prions), drug residues, toxins and, cancerous cells. They have also been proven successful in the cellular delivery of drugs and targeted therapy of infectious diseases and physiological disorders. However, the in vivo application of aptamer-mediated biosensing and therapy in animals has been limited. This paper reviews the existing reports on the application of aptamer-based biosensors and targeted therapy in animals. It also dissects the various modifications to aptamers that were found to be successful in in vivo application of the aptamers in diagnostics and therapeutics. Finally, it also highlights major challenges and future directions in the application of aptamers in the field of veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Devi
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J & K, India
- Corresponding author at: Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181102, India.
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Zul I. Huma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Savleen Kour
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Bijayalaxmi Sahoo
- Gene Manipulation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, U.P., India
| | - Nino Macesic
- Clinic for Reproduction and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Gene Manipulation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W. Prospective Application of Aptamer-based Assays and Therapeutics in Bloodstream Infections. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:831-840. [PMID: 32048971 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200212105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is still a severe health problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Blood bacterial culture remains the gold standard for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections, but it is time-consuming, and both the sophisticated equipment and well-trained personnel are required. Immunoassays and genetic diagnosis are expensive and limited to specificity and sensitivity. Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotide or peptide sequence generated in vitro based on the binding affinity of aptamer-target by a process known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). By taking several advantages over monoclonal antibodies and other conventional small-molecule therapeutics, such as high specificity and affinity, negligible batch-to-batch variation, flexible modification and production, thermal stability, low immunogenicity and lack of toxicity, aptamers are presently becoming promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This review describes the prospective application of aptamerbased laboratory diagnostic assays and therapeutics for pathogenic bacteria and toxins in bloodstream infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, 900th Hospital of Joint Service Corps, PLA, China.,Laboratory Department of Fujian Medical University, No. 156 North Xi-er Huan Road, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350025, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaur H, Shorie M, Sabherwal P. Biolayer interferometry-SELEX for Shiga toxin antigenic-peptide aptamers & detection via chitosan-WSe 2 aptasensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112498. [PMID: 32814208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report biolayer interferometry based in-vitro selection technique (BLI-SELEX) for fishing out specific aptamers against E. coli Shiga toxin subtypes viz., stx1 & stx2 via epitopic peptides. BLI-SELEX is a one-step technique for rapidly generating aptamers against protein biomarkers in a microtiter plate format, obliterating the need for multiple enrichment rounds to harvest high-affinity aptamers as in conventional SELEX. Two unique aptamers selected against stx1 & stx2 with picomolar Kd (~47 pM & ~29 pM, respectively) were successfully used to fabricate voltammetric diagnostic assay via immobilization onto chitosan exfoliated 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanosheet platform. These aptamers modified nanosensors showed high sensitivity of ~ 5.0 μA ng-1 mL, a dynamic response range from 50 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 44.5 pg mL-1 & 41.3 pg mL-1 for stx subtypes, respectively and showed low cross-reactivity in spiked urine, serum and milk samples. The synergistic effect of selective aptamers & high sensitivity imparted by 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) highlights the superior potential of a fabricated nanosensor for bacterial toxin detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Munish Shorie
- Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Mohali, 160062, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Acquah C, Agyei D, Obeng EM, Pan S, Tan KX, Danquah MK. Aptamers: an emerging class of bioaffinity ligands in bioactive peptide applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1195-1206. [PMID: 30714390 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1564234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The food and health applications of bioactive peptides have grown remarkably in the past few decades. Current elucidations have shown that bioactive peptides have unique structural arrangement of amino acids, conferring distinct functionalities, and molecular affinity characteristics. However, whereas interest in the biological potency of bioactive peptides has grown, cost-effective techniques for monitoring the structural changes in these peptides and how these changes affect the biological properties have not grown at the same rate. Due to the high binding affinity of aptamers for other biomolecules, they have a huge potential for use in tracking the structural, conformational, and compositional changes in bioactive peptides. This review provides an overview of bioactive peptides and their essential structure-activity relationship. The review further highlights on the types and methods of synthesis of aptamers before the discussion of the prospects, merits, and challenges in the use of aptamers for bioaffinity interactions with bioactive peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Acquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia.,School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Eugene Marfo Obeng
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kei Xian Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Michael Kobina Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Espiritu CAL, Justo CAC, Rubio MJ, Svobodova M, Bashammakh AS, Alyoubi AO, Rivera WL, Rollon AP, O’Sullivan CK. Aptamer Selection against a Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein for Diagnostic Applications. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1306-1315. [PMID: 29972299 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, is the leading nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. We report the selection of a DNA aptamer against a T. vaginalis adhesion protein, AP65, using a microtiter plate-based in vitro combinatorial chemistry process termed systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. The enriched library pool was sequenced by next-generation sequencing, and several aptamer candidates with high affinity and specificity were identified. The aptamer with the highest affinity and specificity had a KD in the low nanomolar range, as confirmed by three different techniques: surface plasmon resonance, enzyme-linked aptamer assay, and biolayer interferometry. The selected aptamer was demonstrated to have a high specificity to the AP65 protein and to T. vaginalis cells with no cross-reactivity to other enteric and urogenital microorganisms. Current work is focused on the development of inexpensive and easy-to-use aptamer-based diagnostic assays for the reliable and rapid detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal swabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miriam Jauset Rubio
- Interfibio Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Marketa Svobodova
- Interfibio Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Abdulaziz S. Bashammakh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman O. Alyoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ciara K. O’Sullivan
- Interfibio Group, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alizadeh N, Memar MY, Mehramuz B, Abibiglou SS, Hemmati F, Samadi Kafil H. Current advances in aptamer-assisted technologies for detecting bacterial and fungal toxins. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:644-651. [PMID: 29171901 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the common leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Associated with the emergence of new infectious diseases, the increasing number of antimicrobial-resistant isolates presents a serious threat to public health and hospitalized patients. A microbial pathogen may elicit several host responses and use a variety of mechanisms to evade host defences. These methods and mechanisms include capsule, lipopolysaccharides or cell wall components, adhesions and toxins. Toxins inhibit phagocytosis, cause septic shock and host cell damages by binding to host surface receptors and invasion. Bacterial and fungal pathogens are able to apply many different toxin-dependent mechanisms to disturb signalling pathways and the structural integrity of host cells for establishing and maintaining infections Initial techniques for analysis of bacterial toxins were based on in vivo or in vitro assessments. There is a permanent demand for appropriate detection methods which are affordable, practical, careful, rapid, sensitive, efficient and economical. Aptamers are DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are selected by systematic evolution of ligands using exponential enrichment (SELEX) methods and can be applied in diagnostic applications. This review provides an overview of aptamer-based methods as a novel approach for detecting toxins in bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Y Memar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - B Mehramuz
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - S S Abibiglou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - F Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bazin I, Tria SA, Hayat A, Marty JL. New biorecognition molecules in biosensors for the detection of toxins. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:285-298. [PMID: 27568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological and synthetic recognition elements are at the heart of the majority of modern bioreceptor assays. Traditionally, enzymes and antibodies have been integrated in the biosensor designs as a popular choice for the detection of toxin molecules. But since 1970s, alternative biological and synthetic binders have been emerged as a promising alternative to conventional biorecognition elements in detection systems for laboratory and field-based applications. Recent research has witnessed immense interest in the use of recombinant enzymatic methodologies and nanozymes to circumvent the drawbacks associated with natural enzymes. In the area of antibody production, technologies based on the modification of in vivo synthesized materials and in vitro approaches with development of "display "systems have been introduced in the recent years. Subsequently, molecularly-imprinted polymers and Peptide nucleic acid (PNAs) were developed as an attractive receptor with applications in the area of sample preparation and detection systems. In this article, we discuss all alternatives to conventional biomolecules employed in the detection of various toxin molecules We review recent developments in modified enzymes, nanozymes, nanobodies, aptamers, peptides, protein scaffolds and DNazymes. With the advent of nanostructures and new interface materials, these recognition elements will be major players in future biosensor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France.
| | - Scherrine A Tria
- École des Mines d'Alès, 6 Avenuede Clavières, 30100 Alès Cedex, France
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- BAE (Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement), Universite de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex 66860, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trends in the Design and Development of Specific Aptamers Against Peptides and Proteins. Protein J 2016; 35:81-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
11
|
Baicalin inhibits the lethality of Shiga-like toxin 2 in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7054-60. [PMID: 26349825 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01416-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga-like toxins (Stxs), produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli, are a major virulence factor involved in severe diseases in human and animals. These toxins are ribosome-inactivating proteins, and treatment for diseases caused by them is not available. Therefore, there is an urgent need for agents capable of effectively targeting this lethal toxin. In this study, we identified baicalin, a flavonoid compound used in Chinese traditional medicine, as a compound against Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2). We found that baicalin significantly improves renal function and reduces Stx2-induced lethality in mice. Further experiments revealed that baicalin induces the formation of oligomers by the toxin by direct binding. We also identified the residues important for such interactions and analyzed their roles in binding baicalin by biophysical and biochemical analyses. Our results establish baicalin as a candidate compound for the development of therapeutics against diseases caused by Stxs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Neutralization of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by an aptamer antagonist. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2072-7. [PMID: 25624325 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04414-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a major virulence factor for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS). SEB activates a large subset of the T lymphocytic population, releasing proinflammatory cytokines. Blocking SEB-initiated toxicity may be an effective strategy for treating TSS. Using a process known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we identified an aptamer that can antagonize SEB with nanomolar binding affinity (Kd = 64 nM). The aptamer antagonist effectively inhibits SEB-mediated proliferation and cytokine secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, a PEGylated aptamer antagonist significantly reduced mortality in a "double-hit" mouse model of SEB-induced TSS, established via sensitization with d-galactosamine followed by SEB challenge. Therefore, our novel aptamer antagonist may offer potential therapeutic efficacy against SEB-mediated TSS.
Collapse
|