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Liao K, Xiang Y, Huang F, Huang M, Xu W, Lin Y, Liao P, Wang Z, Yang L, Tian X, Chen D, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomics decoding the molecular landscape and cellular organization of avian optic tectum. iScience 2024; 27:109009. [PMID: 38333704 PMCID: PMC10850779 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The avian optic tectum (OT) has been studied for its diverse functions, yet a comprehensive molecular landscape at the cellular level has been lacking. In this study, we applied spatial transcriptome sequencing and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to explore the cellular organization and molecular characteristics of the avian OT from two species: Columba livia and Taeniopygia guttata. We identified precise layer structures and provided comprehensive layer-specific signatures of avian OT. Furthermore, we elucidated diverse functions in different layers, with the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGP) potentially playing a key role in advanced functions of OT, like fear response and associative learning. We characterized detailed neuronal subtypes and identified a population of FOXG1+ excitatory neurons, resembling those found in the mouse neocortex, potentially involved in neocortex-related functions and expansion of avian OT. These findings could contribute to our understanding of the architecture of OT, shedding light on visual perception and multifunctional association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Ya Xiang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Youning Lin
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Pingfang Liao
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinmao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Duoyuan Chen
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
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Mito K, Sato T, Ishikawa R, Ramadhani R, Okada Y, Hirohata Y, Saito T, Ishii H. Age-related decrease of cholinergic parasympathetic reflex vasodilation in the rat masseter muscle. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104214. [PMID: 34217740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hemodynamics, including that in jaw muscles, is an important in their functions and is modulated by aging. Marked blood flow increases mediated by parasympathetic vasodilation may be important for blood flow in the masseter muscle (MBF); however, the relationship between parasympathetic vasodilation and aging is unclear. We examined the effect of aging on parasympathetic vasodilation evoked by trigeminal afferent inputs and their mechanisms by investigating the MBF during stimulation of the lingual nerve (LN) in young and old urethane-anesthetized and vago-sympathectomized rats. Electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the LN elicited intensity- and frequency-dependent increases in MBF in young rats, while these increases were significantly reduced in old rats. Increases in the MBF evoked by LN stimulation in the young rats were greatly reduced by hexamethonium and atropine administration. Increases in MBF in young rats were produced by exogenous acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner, whereas acetylcholine did not influence the MBF in old rats. Significant levels of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor type 1 (MR1) and type 3 (MR3) mRNA were observed in the masseter muscle in young rats, but not in old rats. Our results indicate that cholinergic parasympathetic reflex vasodilation evoked by trigeminal afferent inputs to the masseter muscle is reduced by aging and that this reduction may be mediated by suppression of the expression of MR1 and MR3 in the masseter muscle with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Mito
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rina Ishikawa
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ratna Ramadhani
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Okada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirohata
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Saito
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Ishii
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Sato T, Mito K, Ishii H. Relationship between impaired parasympathetic vasodilation and hyposalivation in parotid glands associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R940-R949. [PMID: 32209022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between hemodynamics in the three major salivary glands and salivary secretion in urethane-anesthetized and sympathectomized type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic rats via laser speckle imaging and by collecting the saliva. Lingual nerve stimulation elicited rapid increases in glandular blood flow and induced salivary secretion from the three glands in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. In the parotid gland, the magnitude of blood flow increase and salivary secretion was significantly lower in the diabetic rats when compared with the nondiabetic rats; however, this was not observed in the other glands. Although the intravenous administration of acetylcholine increased blood flow in the parotid gland in a dose-dependent manner, the response was significantly lower in the diabetic rats when compared with the nondiabetic rats. Similarly, mRNA expression levels of M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the parotid gland were relatively lower in the diabetic rats compared with the nondiabetic rats. Our results indicate that type 2 diabetes impairs parasympathetic vasodilation and salivary secretion in the parotid gland and suggest that disturbances in the cholinergic vasodilator pathway may contribute to the underlying mechanisms involved in the disruption of parasympathetic nerve-mediated glandular vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sato
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohei Mito
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Ishii
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Morley BJ, Dolan DF, Ohlemiller KK, Simmons DD. Generation and Characterization of α9 and α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Knockout Mice on a C57BL/6J Background. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:516. [PMID: 28983232 PMCID: PMC5613126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated constitutive knockout mouse models for the α9 and α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits by derivation from conditional knockouts by breeding with CRE deleter mice. We then backcrossed them onto a C57BL/6J genetic background. In this manuscript, we report the generation of the strains and an auditory phenotypic characterization of the constitutive α9 and α10 knockouts and a double α9α10 constitutive knockout. Although the α9 and α10 nAChR subunits are relevant to a number of physiological measures, we chose to characterize the mouse with auditory studies to compare them to existing but different α9 and α10 nAChR knockouts (KOs). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) showed that all constitutive mouse strains had normal hearing. DPOAEs with contralateral noise (efferent adaptation measurements), however, showed that efferent strength was significantly reduced after deletion of both the α9 and α10 subunits, in comparison to wildtype controls. Animals tested were 3-8 weeks of age and efferent strength was not correlated with age. Confocal studies of single and double constitutive KOs showed that all KOs had abnormal efferent innervation of cochlear hair cells. The morphological results are similar to those obtained in other strains using constitutive deletion of exon 4 of α9 or α10 nAChR. The results of our physiological studies, however, differ from previous auditory studies using a α9 KO generated by deletion of the exon 4 region and backcrossed onto a mixed CBA/CaJ X 129Sv background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. Morley
- Center for Sensory Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research HospitalOmaha, NE, United States
| | - David F. Dolan
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kevin K. Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, MO, United States
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