1
|
Wahoski CC, Singh B. The Roles of RAC1 and RAC1B in Colorectal Cancer and Their Potential Contribution to Cetuximab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2472. [PMID: 39001533 PMCID: PMC11240352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers and a leading contributor to cancer-related deaths in the United States. Clinically, standard treatment regimens include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy; however, there has been increasing development and clinical use of targeted therapies for CRC. Unfortunately, many patients develop resistance to these treatments. Cetuximab, the first targeted therapy approved to treat advanced CRC, is a monoclonal antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor and inhibits downstream pathway activation to restrict tumor cell growth and proliferation. CRC resistance to cetuximab has been well studied, and common resistance mechanisms include constitutive signal transduction through downstream protein mutations and promotion of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. While the most common resistance mechanisms are known, a proportion of patients develop resistance through unknown mechanisms. One protein predicted to contribute to therapy resistance is RAC1, a small GTPase that is involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement, cell migration, motility, and proliferation. RAC1 has also been shown to be overexpressed in CRC. Despite evidence that RAC1 and its alternative splice isoform RAC1B play important roles in CRC and the pathways known to contribute to cetuximab resistance, there is a need to directly study the relationship between RAC1 and RAC1B and cetuximab resistance. This review highlights the recent studies investigating RAC1 and RAC1B in the context of CRC and suggests that these proteins could play a role in resistance to cetuximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Wahoski
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra SK. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic modulations of chromatin: Role of mechanical signals in gene regulation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30531. [PMID: 38345428 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces may be generated within a cell due to tissue stiffness, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the changes (even subtle) in the cell's physical surroundings. These changes of forces impose a mechanical tension within the intracellular protein network (both cytosolic and nuclear). Mechanical tension could be released by a series of protein-protein interactions often facilitated by membrane lipids, lectins and sugar molecules and thus generate a type of signal to drive cellular processes, including cell differentiation, polarity, growth, adhesion, movement, and survival. Recent experimental data have accentuated the molecular mechanism of this mechanical signal transduction pathway, dubbed mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitive proteins in the cell's plasma membrane discern the physical forces and channel the information to the cell interior. Cells respond to the message by altering their cytoskeletal arrangement and directly transmitting the signal to the nucleus through the connection of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton before the information despatched to the nucleus by biochemical signaling pathways. Nuclear transmission of the force leads to the activation of chromatin modifiers and modulation of the epigenetic landscape, inducing chromatin reorganization and gene expression regulation; by the time chemical messengers (transcription factors) arrive into the nucleus. While significant research has been done on the role of mechanotransduction in tumor development and cancer progression/metastasis, the mechanistic basis of force-activated carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Here, in this review, we have discussed the various cues and molecular connections to better comprehend the cellular mechanotransduction pathway, and we also explored the detailed role of some of the multiple players (proteins and macromolecular complexes) involved in mechanotransduction. Thus, we have described an avenue: how mechanical stress directs the epigenetic modifiers to modulate the epigenome of the cells and how aberrant stress leads to the cancer phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang X, Huang J, Jiang Y, Qiu J, Li T, Li W, Chen Z, Huang Z, Yu X, Yang T, Ji X, Tan R, Lv L, Yang Z, Chen H. Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 as a novel prospective tumor suppressor induced by ERG promotes ubiquitination-mediated radixin degradation to inhibit gastric cancer tumorigenicity and metastasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:670. [PMID: 37759298 PMCID: PMC10536727 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a fatal cancer with unclear pathogenesis. In this study, we explored the function and potential mechanisms of intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM2) in the development and advancement of GC. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to quantify ICAM2 expression in harvested GC tissues and cultured cell lines. Immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on a GC tissue microarray to quantify ICAM2 expression and explore its implication on the prognosis of GC patients. In vitro experiments were carried out to reveal the biological functions of ICAM2 in GC cell lines. Further, in vivo experiments were conducted using xenograft models to assess the impact of ICAM2 on GC development and metastasis. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination analysis were employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ICAM2 expression was downregulated in GC, positively correlating with advanced T stage, distant metastasis, advanced clinical stage, vessel invasion, and shorter patient survival time. ICAM2 overexpression suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis of GC cells as well as their ability to form tumors, whereas ICAM2 knockdown yielded opposite results. Erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene (ERG) as a transcription factor promoted the transcription of ICAM2 by binding to the crucial response element localized within its promoter region. Further analysis revealed that ICAM2 reduced radixin (RDX) protein stability and expression. In these cells, ICAM2 bound to the RDX protein to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of RDX via NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4L), and this post-translational modification resulted in the inhibition of GC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study demonstrates that ICAM2, which is induced by ERG, suppresses GC progression by enhancing the ubiquitination and degradation of RDX in a NEDD4L-dependent manner. Therefore, these results suggest that ICAM2 is a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jintuan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yingming Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tuoyang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhenze Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xihu Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Rongchang Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zuli Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Section 2, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park SW, Kang J, Kim HS, Yoon S, Kim BS, Lim C, Lee D, Kim YH. Predicting prognosis through the discovery of specific biomarkers according to colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3221-3233. [PMID: 37559990 PMCID: PMC10408476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The presence or absence of lymph node metastases is one of the representative markers for predicting CRC prognosis, but often yields heterogeneous results. In this study, we conducted an integrative molecular analysis of CRC using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus. Through our analysis, we identified 372 upregulated genes that were differentially expressed in CRC patients. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed five significant pathways, including Hippo, FC-gamma, and forkhead box O signaling pathways, which are known to be associated with cancer. Survival analysis of 28 genes involved in these pathways led to the identification of 13 genes with prognostic significance (P < 0.05). To validate our findings, logistic regression models were generated and tested in multiple cohorts, demonstrating significant accuracy. Moreover, we identified six genes (BNIP3, CD63, RDX, RGCC, WASF1, and WASF3) whose combination predicted the best prognosis based on survival analysis. This predictive model holds promise as a potential biomarker for prognosis, survival, and treatment efficacy. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular characteristics of CRC and identifies prognostic biomarkers. The combination of differentially expressed genes and their involvement in cancer-related pathways enhances our understanding of CRC pathogenesis and opens avenues for personalized treatment approaches and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Park
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kang
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeseong Lim
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel HospitalBusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityYangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buenaventura RGM, Merlino G, Yu Y. Ez-Metastasizing: The Crucial Roles of Ezrin in Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:1620. [PMID: 37371090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ezrin is the cytoskeletal organizer and functions in the modulation of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction, maintenance of cell shape and structure, and regulation of cell-cell adhesion and movement, as well as cell survival. Ezrin plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis through interaction with other binding proteins. Notably, Ezrin has been reported to interact with immune cells, allowing tumor cells to escape immune attack in metastasis. Here, we review the main functions of Ezrin, the mechanisms through which it acts, its role in tumor metastasis, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rand Gabriel M Buenaventura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Wang D, Ge H, Güngör C, Gong X, Chen Y. Cytoskeletal and Cytoskeleton-Associated Proteins: Key Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Properties. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1369. [PMID: 36355541 PMCID: PMC9698833 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells possessing stemness characteristics that are closely associated with tumor proliferation, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Recent studies have shown that different cytoskeletal components and remodeling processes have a profound impact on the behavior of CSCs. In this review, we outline the different cytoskeletal components regulating the properties of CSCs and discuss current and ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting the cytoskeleton. Given the many challenges currently faced in targeted cancer therapy, a deeper comprehension of the molecular events involved in the interaction of the cytoskeleton and CSCs will help us identify more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate CSCs and ultimately improve patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heming Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Han Z, Wang X, Li X, Yuan P, Ji S, Liu Q. A‑kinase interacting protein 1 regulates the cell proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells and affects the ERK/c‑Myc signaling pathway by binding to Rac1. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:558. [PMID: 35978938 PMCID: PMC9366277 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has previously been demonstrated to be overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and is associated with patient prognosis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether AKIP1 can affect the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of ccRCC cells via its interaction with Rac1. Furthermore, the influence of AKIP1 and therefore Rac1 on the expression of the downstream ERK/cellular (c)-Myc signaling pathway was explored. The interaction between AKIP1 and Rac1 was determined using co-immunoprecipitation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of AKIP1 and Rac1 in normal renal epithelial cell lines and ccRCC cell lines were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. The transfection efficiency of small interfering RNA-AKIP1 and the Rac1 overexpression vector were also confirmed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The viability, proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells following transfection were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The tube formation ability of HUVECs was assessed using the tube formation assay. The protein expression levels of proliferation, invasion, migration and tube-formation-associated proteins as well as proteins associated with the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway, were detected via western blotting. The results demonstrated that AKIP1 expression levels were increased in ccRCC cell lines. AKIP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC cells and HUVEC tube-formation. In addition, AKIP1 was demonstrated to bind to Rac1 in ccRCC cells and AKIP1 downregulation inhibited Rac1 expression. Furthermore, Rac1 overexpression reversed the effects of AKIP1 knockdown on ccRCC cells. AKIP1 knockdown also suppressed the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway, which was reversed by Rac1 overexpression. In conclusion, AKIP1 knockdown potentially suppressed the proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis of ccRCC cells and inhibited the ERK/c-Myc signaling pathway by binding to Rac1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xuyu Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Ji
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jahan S, Mukherjee S, Ali S, Bhardwaj U, Choudhary RK, Balakrishnan S, Naseem A, Mir SA, Banawas S, Alaidarous M, Alyenbaawi H, Iqbal D, Siddiqui AJ. Pioneer Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Cancer Initiation in Progression, Drug Therapy, and Vaccine Prospects. Cells 2022; 11:490. [PMID: 35159299 PMCID: PMC8833976 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading diseases, causing deaths worldwide. Nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2020 due to cancer alone. Several factors are involved in cancer progressions, such as lifestyle and genetic characteristics. According to a recent report, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy failure. EVs can play a major role in intracellular communication, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In a healthy person, EVs carry different cargoes, such as miRNA, lncRNA etc., to help other body functions. On the other hand, the same EV in a tumor microenvironment carries cargoes such as miRNA, lncRNA, etc., to initiate or help cancer progression at various stages. These stages may include the proliferation of cells and escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis, reprogramming energy metabolism, evasion of the immune response, and transfer of mutations. Tumor-derived EVs manipulate by altering normal functions of the body and affect the epigenetics of normal cells by limiting the genetic makeup through transferring mutations, histone modifications, etc. Tumor-derived EVs also pose therapy resistance through transferring drug efflux pumps and posing multiple drug resistances. Such EVs can also help as biomarkers for different cancer types and stages, which ultimately help with cancer diagnosis at early stages. In this review, we will shed light on EVs' role in performing normal functions of the body and their position in different hallmarks of cancer, in altering the genetics of a normal cell in a tumor microenvironment, and their role in therapy resistance, as well as the importance of EVs as diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouvik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shaheen Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Urvashi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhanaraj Balakrishnan
- Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jahangiri S, Khoei S, Khoee S, Safa M, Shirvalilou S, Pirhajati Mahabadi V. Potential anti-tumor activity of 13.56 MHz alternating magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 by up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of chemo-magnetic hyperthermia (MH), a combination of alternating magnetic field (AMF) and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with Polyethylene glycol-Poly(butyl acrylate)-Polyethylene glycol (PEG-PBA-PEG) carrying 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), at inducing apoptosis in the human cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116. This process can be mediated by alterations in the expression of apoptotic effector proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. For this purpose, the cells were cultured as monolayers. Then both cell lines were treated with 5-Fu/magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic hyperthermia. Finally, the effect of treatment on cancer cells was determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry.
Results
Our results showed that combined chemo-magnetic thermotherapy significantly increased the apoptosis in colon cancer cells compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone (P < 0.05). Up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins was indicative of apoptosis induction in cancer cells, which are involved in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that localized hyperthermia was able to significantly trigger the 5-Fu release and inhibit cell viability, which, due to the synchronization of hyperthermia and chemotherapy, exacerbated the damage of cancer cells.
Graphical Abstract
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoon S, Shin B, Woo HG. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces CAP2 Expression Promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Liver Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2021; 44:569-579. [PMID: 34294609 PMCID: PMC8424138 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) has been addressed as a candidate biomarker in various cancer types. Previously, we have shown that CAP2 is expressed during multi-step hepatocarcinogenesis; however, its underlying mechanisms in liver cancer cells are not fully elucidated yet. Here, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced CAP2 expression, and which promoted migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. We also found that the ER stress-induced CAP2 expression is mediated through activation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) and the promotor binding of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). In addition, we further demonstrated that CAP2 expression promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activation of Rac1 and ERK. In conclusion, we suggest that ER stress induces CAP2 expression promoting EMT in liver cancers cells. Our results shed light on the novel functions of CAP2 in the metastatic process of liver cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Boram Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kobori T, Tanaka C, Tameishi M, Urashima Y, Ito T, Obata T. Role of Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin in the Surface Localization of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma LS180 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090864. [PMID: 34577564 PMCID: PMC8467328 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein highly expressed on the cell surface in various cancer cell types, binds to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), leading to T-cell dysfunction and tumor survival. Despite clinical successes of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies, patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receive little benefit because most cases respond poorly. Because high PD-L1 expression is associated with immune evasion and poor prognosis in CRC patients, identifying potential modulators for the plasma membrane localization of PD-L1 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies. Here, we investigated whether PD-L1 expression in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (LS180) is affected by ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM), functioning as scaffold proteins that crosslink plasma membrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton. We observed colocalization of PD-L1 with all three ERM proteins in the plasma membrane and detected interactions involving PD-L1, the three ERM proteins, and the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin and radixin, but not of moesin, substantially decreased the expression of PD-L1 on the cell surface without affecting its mRNA level. Thus, in LS180 cells, ezrin and radixin may function as scaffold proteins mediating the plasma membrane localization of PD-L1, possibly by post-translational modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; (T.K.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; (T.K.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; (T.K.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; (T.K.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan;
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan; (T.K.); (C.T.); (M.T.); (Y.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-721-24-9371
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kobori T, Tameishi M, Tanaka C, Urashima Y, Obata T. Subcellular distribution of ezrin/radixin/moesin and their roles in the cell surface localization and transport function of P-glycoprotein in human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250889. [PMID: 33974673 PMCID: PMC8112653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins act as linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and regulate the plasma membrane localization and functionality of the latter in various cancer cells. Notably, P-gp overexpression in the plasma membrane of cancer cells is a principal factor responsible for multidrug resistance and drug-induced mutagenesis. However, it remains unknown whether the ERM proteins contribute to the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp in human colorectal cancer cells in which the subcellular localization of ERM has yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization of ERM and P-gp and investigate the role of ERM proteins in the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, we showed higher levels of ezrin and moesin mRNAs than those of radixin mRNA in these cells and preferential distribution of all three ERM proteins on the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins were highly colocalized with P-gp. Additionally, we show that the knockdown of ezrin, but not of radixin and moesin, by RNA interference significantly decreased the cell surface expression of P-gp in LS180 cells without affecting the mRNA expression of P-gp. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin substantially increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123, a typical P-gp substrate, with no alterations in the plasma membrane permeability of Evans blue, a passive transport marker. In conclusion, ezrin may primarily regulate the cell surface localization and transport function of P-gp as a scaffold protein without influencing the transcriptional activity of P-gp in LS180 cells. These findings should be relevant for treating colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential process from embryogenesis to cell death. This is tightly regulated by numerous proteins that help in proper functioning of the cell. In diseases like cancer, this process is deregulated and helps in the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary site to secondary sites initiating the process of metastasis. For metastasis to be efficient, cytoskeletal components like actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments and their associated proteins should co-ordinate in an orderly fashion leading to the formation of many cellular protrusions-like lamellipodia and filopodia and invadopodia. Knowledge of this process is the key to control metastasis of cancer cells that leads to death in 90% of the patients. The focus of this review is giving an overall understanding of these process, concentrating on the changes in protein association and regulation and how the tumor cells use it to their advantage. Since the expression of cytoskeletal proteins can be directly related to the degree of malignancy, knowledge about these proteins will provide powerful tools to improve both cancer prognosis and treatment. Abstract Successful metastasis depends on cell invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, and angiogenesis. The process of cell invasion and migration relies on the dynamic changes taking place in the cytoskeletal components; actin, tubulin and intermediate filaments. This is possible due to the plasticity of the cytoskeleton and coordinated action of all the three, is crucial for the process of metastasis from the primary site. Changes in cellular architecture by internal clues will affect the cell functions leading to the formation of different protrusions like lamellipodia, filopodia, and invadopodia that help in cell migration eventually leading to metastasis, which is life threatening than the formation of neoplasms. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved, will give a better insight of the changes during metastasis, which will eventually help targeting proteins for treatment resulting in reduced mortality and longer survival.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lambda-Carrageenan Enhances the Effects of Radiation Therapy in Cancer Treatment by Suppressing Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis through Racgap1 Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081192. [PMID: 31426369 PMCID: PMC6721563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used extensively in cancer treatment, but radioresistance and the metastatic potential of cancer cells that survive radiation remain critical issues. There is a need for novel treatments to improve radiotherapy. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic benefit of λ-carrageenan (CGN) to enhance the efficacy of radiation treatment and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism. CGN treatment decreased viability in irradiated cancer cells and enhanced reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis, and polyploid formation. Additionally, CGN suppressed radiation-induced chemoinvasion and invasive growth in 3D lrECM culture. We also screened target molecules using a gene expression microarray analysis and focused on Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RacGAP1). Protein expression of RacGAP1 was upregulated in several cancer cell lines after radiation, which was significantly suppressed by CGN treatment. Knockdown of RacGAP1 decreased cell viability and invasiveness after radiation. Overexpression of RacGAP1 partially rescued CGN cytotoxicity. In a mouse xenograft model, local irradiation followed by CGN treatment significantly decreased tumor growth and lung metastasis compared to either treatment alone. Taken together, these results suggest that CGN may enhance the effectiveness of radiation in cancer therapy by decreasing cancer cell viability and suppressing both radiation-induced invasive activity and distal metastasis through downregulating RacGAP1 expression.
Collapse
|
15
|
Michie KA, Bermeister A, Robertson NO, Goodchild SC, Curmi PMG. Two Sides of the Coin: Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin and Merlin Control Membrane Structure and Contact Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081996. [PMID: 31018575 PMCID: PMC6515277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merlin-ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins plays a central role in linking the cellular membranes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Merlin regulates contact inhibition and is an integral part of cell–cell junctions, while ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin, assist in the formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane structures and membrane vesicle structures. These two protein families share a common evolutionary history, having arisen and separated via gene duplication near the origin of metazoa. During approximately 0.5 billion years of evolution, the merlin and ERM family proteins have maintained both sequence and structural conservation to an extraordinary level. Comparing crystal structures of merlin-ERM proteins and their complexes, a picture emerges of the merlin-ERM proteins acting as switchable interaction hubs, assembling protein complexes on cellular membranes and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton. Given the high level of structural conservation between the merlin and ERM family proteins we speculate that they may function together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Michie
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Adam Bermeister
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Neil O Robertson
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang N, Shuai K, Cheng J, Yang W, Kan Z. LncRNA linc01116 prometes glioma cell migration and invasion by modulation of radixin targeted by miR-31. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1078-1086. [PMID: 31933922 PMCID: PMC6945163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) linc01116 was found to be abnormally expressed in many malignant tumor tissues and involved in cancer progression, but its expression and role in glioma tissue is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the expression of linc01116 in glioma tissues and the role of linc01116 in glioma cell migration and invasion. METHODS Linc01116 and miR-31 expression was measured in 135 cases of human glioma tissues and normal brain tissues using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The function of linc01116 in glioma cells was determined by Transwell invasion assays and nude mice metastasis assay. Luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the connection between linc01116 and miR-31, or miR-31 and radixin. RESULTS Linc01116 is highly expressed in glioma tissue and cells, along with low expression of miR-31, and there was a negative correlation between the expression of linc01116 and miR-31 in glioma tissue. In addition, the expression of linc01116 in glioma patients with metastasis was significantly higher than that in patients without metastasis, while miR-31 was significantly lower. In vitro and in vivo studies shown that linc01116 promoted invasion and migration of glioma cells. The luciferase gene reporter system had confirmed that linc01116 targeted miR-31 and miR-31 targeted radixin in U251 cells. Moreover, radixin was downregulated and decreased E-cadherin protein expression, but increased MMP-9 and vimentin protein expression in U251 cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA linc01116 is highly expressed in glioma tissues, and it promotes glioma cell migration and invasion by modulation of radixin targeted by miR-31.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Kegang Shuai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing XianLinNanjing, China
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen H, Dai J. miR-409-3p suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via targeting RDX. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:543-551. [PMID: 29928443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-409-3p in the proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells via targeting radixin (RDX) gene. The expression of miR-409-3p was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in TSCC tissue and cell lines. The binding of miR-409-3p to RDX was investigated by performing a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Tca8113 cells were selected to transfect with miR-409-3p mimic/inhibitor, small interfering (si)-RDX, and miR-409-3p inhibitor + si-RDX, as well as negative control (NC) respectively. The proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of transfected Tca8113 cells were investigated by cell-counting-kit-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Additionally, a tumor xenograft model was constructed to examine the effects of miR-409-3p on the tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis in nude mice. A significant downregulation was detected in miR-409-3p expression in TSCC tissues and cells (all P<0.05) compared with normal tongue mucosa tissues and cell line, which was associated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node metastasis staging (both P<0.05). The results from the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that RDX is a potential target gene of miR-409-3p. Compared with the blank group, a marked reduction in RDX expression, cell proliferation, migration and invasion was detected in the miR-409-3p mimic group and si-RDX group (all P<0.05). Conversely, the reverse was observed in cells that were transfected with the miR-409-3p inhibitor. Furthermore, si-RDX is able to reverse the effect of miR-409-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05). The results form the tumor xenograft model of nude mice verified that miR-409-3p mimic is able to inhibit the growth of Tca8113 tumor cells and lymph node metastasis in nude mice. miR-409-3p may delay the proliferation of TSCC cells by inhibiting of RDX so as to decrease its migratory and invasive abilities. Therefore, miR-409-3p may be a potential target for the clinical treatment of TSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hujie Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Fan J, Yu F, Cui F, Sun X, Zhong L, Yan D, Zhou C, Deng G, Wang B, Qi X, Wang S, Qu L, Deng B, Pan M, Chen J, Wang Y, Song G, Tang H, Zhou Z, Peng Z. Decreased MALL expression negatively impacts colorectal cancer patient survival. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22911-27. [PMID: 26992238 PMCID: PMC5008411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether MALL expression is associated with colon cancer progression and patient survival. MALL mRNA expression was reduced in the tumor tissues of 70% of the colon cancer patients and 75% of the rectal cancer patients as compared to their normal tissues. MALL protein was also significantly reduced in the tumor tissues of colon cancer patients (P < 0.001). Increased LOH and methylation of MALL was observed in tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues. Reduced MALL expression was associated with vessin invasion, disease recurrence and metastasis or death (P ≤ 0.027). Furthermore, patients with MALL-negative tumors had significantly decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P < 0.008 and P < 0.011, respectively). Univariate analysis indicated that MALL expression was significantly associated with OS and DFS. Finally, overexpression of MALL suppressed HCT116 and SW480 cell proliferation and inhibited HCT116 migration. MALL may play a role in colorectal cancer progression as suppression of its expression in tumor tissues negatively impacts colorectal cancer patient survival. Further analyses are required to determine if reduced MALL expression is due to LOH and/or methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fudong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guilong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosheng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laboratory of Digestive Surgery of State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
MMP7 is required to mediate cell invasion and tumor formation upon Plakophilin3 loss. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123979. [PMID: 25875355 PMCID: PMC4395386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin3 (PKP3) loss results in increased transformation in multiple cell lines in vitro and increased tumor formation in vivo. A microarray analysis performed in the PKP3 knockdown clones, identified an inflammation associated gene signature in cell lines derived from stratified epithelia as opposed to cell lines derived from simple epithelia. However, in contrast to the inflammation associated gene signature, the expression of MMP7 was increased upon PKP3 knockdown in all the cell lines tested. Using vector driven RNA interference, it was demonstrated that MMP7 was required for in-vitro cell migration and invasion and tumor formation in vivo. The increase in MMP7 levels was due to the increase in levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver3 (PRL3), which is observed upon PKP3 loss. The results suggest that MMP7 over-expression may be one of the mechanisms by which PKP3 loss leads to increased cell invasion and tumor formation.
Collapse
|