1
|
Expression and Prognostic Significance of Stem Cell Marker CD133 in Survival Rate of Patients with Colon Cancer. Oncol Ther 2022; 10:451-461. [PMID: 35980560 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-022-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Today, colon cancer is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancer worldwide. CD133 as a known cancer stem cell marker has been found effective in cell proliferation and differentiation in various cancers, including colon cancer. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CD133 expression in colon cancer with prognostic factors and survival rate of patients with colon cancer by immunohistochemistry. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue was taken from patients with colon cancer. Histopathology examination was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD133 expression. Association between CD133 expression and clinicopathological profile was then assessed. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association between CD133 protein expression and sex , cancer stage, and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.044, p = 0.131, and p = 0.002, respectively). However, no significant correlation was identified between CD133 expression and other factors, including age of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (p = 0.267), tumor location (p = 0.494), tumor differentiation grade (p = 0.263), neural tissue invasion, and 5-year survival (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION CD133 is a useful predictive or prognostic biomarker for CRC in clinical assessment and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chao HM, Wang TW, Chern E, Hsu SH. Regulatory RNAs, microRNA, long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:748-764. [PMID: 35582099 PMCID: PMC9048531 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as self-renewal, drug resistance, and metastasis, have been indicated to be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with colon cancers. The epigenetic regulatory network plays a crucial role in CSC properties. Regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have an important influence on cell physiopathology. They modulate cells by regulating gene expression in different ways. This review discusses the basic characteristics and the physiological functions of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. Elucidation of these ncRNAs will help us understand the pathological mechanism of CRC progression, and they could become a new target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Chao
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Liu JY, Jiang D, Qiu M. Expression and prognostic value of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cellmarkersin primary lesions and liver metastases of colorectal cancers. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:499. [PMID: 33981361 PMCID: PMC8108244 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers are considered useful indicators associated with metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, only a few studies have focused on the expression of these useful markers in metastases. Metastasectomy is widely used in advanced CRCs, and thus the postoperative prognostic factors are worth investigating. The present study investigated the consistency and differences of target proteins between primary and metastatic lesions of colorectal cancer, and discussed the prognostic indicators following resection of colorectal liver metastases. Clinical data of 56 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were collected and the expression levels of target proteins (Ki-67, CD133, CD44, Snail, E-cadherin and β-catenin) were detected in primary tumor and matched liver metastases via immunohistochemistry analysis. Paired comparison between both tissue types was performed. The prognostic values of the target proteins for resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases were assessed. No significant differences were observed between the primary tissues and metastatic tissues. The consistency rates of these protein expression levels ranged from 51.8-78.6%. The maximum diameter of the liver metastases was <5 cm. Low Snail expression in metastases was associated with a longer overall survival (OS) time following resection of colorectal liver metastases. Furthermore, N0 stage and low carcinoembryonic antigen levels were associated with a longer progression-free survival time. Notably, no significant differences were observed in expression levels of the target proteins between the primary tumors and liver metastases. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that Snail expression in liver metastases may be used as a novel independent prognostic factor for OS following resection of colorectal liver metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Radioncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Navvabi N, Kolikova P, Hosek P, Zitricky F, Navvabi A, Vycital O, Bruha J, Palek R, Rosendorf J, Liska V, Pitule P. Altered Expression of MBNL Family of Alternative Splicing Factors in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:295-306. [PMID: 33893082 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Colorectal cancer is currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and recently, alternative splicing has risen as its important regulator and potential treatment target. In the present study, we analyzed gene expression of the MBNL family of regulators of alternative splicing in various stages of colorectal cancer development, together with the MBNL-target splicing events in FOXP1 and EPB41L3 genes and tumor-related CD44 variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of tumor tissue and non-malignant mucosa from 108 patients were collected. After RNA isolation and reverse transcription, the relative gene expression of a selected gene panel was tested by quantitative real-time PCR, followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS MBNL expression was decreased in tumor tissue compared to non-tumor mucosa. In addition, lower expression was observed for the variants of FOXP1 and EPB41L3, while higher expression in tumor tissue was detected both for total CD44 and its cancer-related variants 3 and 6. Transcript levels of the MBNL genes were not found to be related to any of the studied clinicopathological characteristics. Multiple significant associations were identified in the target gene panel, including higher transcript levels of FOXP1 and CD44v3 in patients with distant metastases and connections between recurrence-free survival and altered levels of FOXP1 and CD44v3. CONCLUSION Our results identified for the first-time deregulation of MBNL genes in colorectal cancer. Down-regulation of their transcripts in tumor tissue compared to matched non-tumor mucosa can lead to transition of alternative splicing patterns towards a less differentiated phenotype, which highlights the importance of alternative splicing regulation for tumor growth and propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Navvabi
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kolikova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hosek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Zitricky
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Azita Navvabi
- Biological Center, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technologies in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan University, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Ondrej Vycital
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bruha
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Palek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jachym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Liska
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pitule
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic; .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang JY, Kim JH, Kang J, Park Y, Park SJ, Cheon JH, Kim WH, Kim H, Park JJ, Kim TI. mTOR Signaling Combined with Cancer Stem Cell Markers as a Survival Predictor in Stage II Colorectal Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:572-578. [PMID: 32608200 PMCID: PMC7329744 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.7.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Wnt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are major molecular signaling pathways associated with the development and progression of tumor, as well as the maintenance and proliferation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying patients at risk of poor prognosis is important to determining whether to add adjuvant treatment in stage II CRC and thus improve survival. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of Wnt, mTOR, and CSC markers as survival predictors in stage II CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 148 cases of stage II CRC and acquired their tumor tissue. Tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical staining were constructed, and the expressions of CD166, CD44, EphB2, β-catenin, pS6 were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The expressions of CD166 (p=0.045) and pS6 (p=0.045) and co-expression of pS6/CD166 (p=0.005), pS6/CD44 (p=0.042), and pS6/CD44/CD166 (p=0.013) were negatively correlated with cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the combination of CD166/pS6 [hazard ratio, 9.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.36-37.59; p=0.002] to be the most significant predictor related with decreased cancer-specific survival. In addition, co-expression of CD44/CD166 (p=0.017), CD166/β-catenin (p=0.036), CD44/β-catenin (p=0.001), and CD44/CD166/β-catenin (p=0.001) were significant factors associated with liver metastasis. CONCLUSION Specific combinations of CSC markers and β-catenin/mTOR signaling could be a significant predictor of poor survival in stage II CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joyeon Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yehyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoguen Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Altered expression of fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in lymph node and liver metastases. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:10337-10358. [PMID: 32428869 PMCID: PMC7346028 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in elderly people because of its high incidence and high mortality rate. Despite early screening programs, more than half of CRC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been associated with a higher risk of metastases and poor survival. Here, we have analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of FAP in 41 adenoma-carcinoma sequences. In addition, FAP expression was analyzed individually and in combination with β-catenin (BCAT), CD44 and Cyclin-D1 expression in primary tumors and in their corresponding lymph node and liver metastases (n=294). Finally, soluble FAP (sFAP) levels in plasma from CRC patients (n=127) were also analyzed by ELISA. FAP was expressed only in CRC tissue and its expression level was found to be higher in tumors exhibiting deeper local invasion and poorer cancer cell differentiation. FAP and concomitant nuclear BCAT expression in cancer cells at the infiltrating front of primary tumors and in lymph node metastases was independently associated with 5- and 10-year cancer specific and disease-free survival. Moreover, lower sFAP levels correlated with poorer survival. These findings support the potential importance of FAP as a biomarker of CRC development and progression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vázquez-Iglesias L, Barcia-Castro L, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal J, Cordero OJ. Surface expression marker profile in colon cancer cell lines and sphere-derived cells suggests complexity in CD26 + cancer stem cells subsets. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041673. [PMID: 31285270 PMCID: PMC6679411 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients at different stages of the disease and the fact that all of them could form spheres, cell surface biomarkers of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were tested. The aim was to investigate cancer stem cells and metastatic stem cells in order to provide functional characterization of circulating tumor cells and promote the development of new anti-metastatic therapies. Our model showed an important heterogeneity in EpCAM, CD133, CD44, LGR5, CD26 and E-cadherin expression. We showed the presence of a subset of E-cadherin+ (some cells being E-cadherinhigh) expressing CD26+ (or CD26high) together with the well-known CSC markers LGR5 and EpCAMhigh, sometimes in the absence of CD44 or CD133. The already described CD26+/E-cadherinlow or negative and CD26+/EpCAM−/CD133− subsets were also present. Cell division drastically affected the expression of all markers, in particular E-cadherin, so new-born cells resembled mesenchymal cells in surface staining. CD26 and/or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have already shown anti-metastatic effects in pre-clinical models, and the existence of these CD26+ subsets may help further research against cancer metastasis. Summary: In our model of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients we show the presence of different putative cancer stem cell (CSC) subsets with expression of CD26/DPP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vázquez-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Berrocal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CIBUS Building, Facultade de Bioloxía. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sadeghi A, Roudi R, Mirzaei A, Zare Mirzaei A, Madjd Z, Abolhasani M. CD44 epithelial isoform inversely associates with invasive characteristics of colorectal cancer. Biomark Med 2019; 13:419-426. [PMID: 30942083 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: There is no consensus regarding the clinical significance of CD44 and CD24 as cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methodology: A total of 494 CRC samples (2008-2017) were assessed for CD44 (epithelial isoform) and CD24 expression using tissue microarray. Results: CD24 individually or in combination with CD44 was not associated with any of the clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumor. CD44 expression was inversely associated with pathological Tumor, Node, Metastasis (pTNM) lower stages (p = 0.038) and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, the epithelial isoform of CD44 is inversely associated with invasive characteristics of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Sadeghi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone & Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zare Mirzaei
- Department of Pathology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khelwatty SA, Essapen S, Bagwan I, Green M, Seddon AM, Modjtahedi H. Co-expression and prognostic significance of putative CSC markers CD44, CD133, wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1704-1715. [PMID: 30899442 PMCID: PMC6422200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been associated with tumour initiation and resistance to therapy. This study investigated the co-expression and prognostic significance of the CSCs biomarkers CD44 and CD133 with wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) and EGFRvIII in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of these biomarkers were determined in tumours from 70 patients with metastatic CRC by immunohistochemistry, and in a panel of human CRC cell lines, and their variants with acquired-resistance to EGFR inhibitors, by flow cytometry. The expression of CD44, CD133, wtEGFR and EGFRvIII were present in 17%, 23%, 26% and 13% of cases and the co-expression of CD44/CD133 with wtEGFR and EGFRvIII were present in 9% and 3% of the cases respectively. Only co-expression of CSCs/EGFRvIII (P = 0.037), and amphiregulin (P = 0.017) were associated with worse overall survival. Interestingly, disease-free survival was improved in BTC expressing patients (P = 0.025). In vitro CD133 expression and its co-expression with CD44 were associated with primary-resistance to irinotecan and acquired-resistance to anti-EGFR inhibitors respectively. Our results suggest co-expression of CSCs and EGFRvIII could be potential biomarkers of worse overall survival and resistance to therapy in patients with mCRC and warrants further validation in a larger cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharadah Essapen
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK.,St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Izhar Bagwan
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Margaret Green
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Alan M Seddon
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abd ElAziz AM, Abd ElHamid HS, Mostafa RR, Shalaby YR. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in colorectal carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 38:18-21. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000534712.68027.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
11
|
Huang R, Mo D, Wu J, Ai H, Lu Y. CD133 expression correlates with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients: An updated meta-analysis of 37 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10446. [PMID: 29879012 PMCID: PMC5999490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of CD133 in CRC patients remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the above issues. METHODS We collected a comprehensive literature search from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase database up to September 20, 2016 examining CD133 and clinical features of colorectal cancer patients. We used the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the effects by overall and stratified analysis. RESULTS The overall result of our meta-analysis indicated that CD133 expression was positively correlated with T category, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion. Moreover, patients with higher CD133 expression had a poorer overall survival (OS) (HR=2.01, P < .001) and a lower 5-year OS rate (OR = 3.26, P < .001) than those with lower expression. Disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year DFS rate were similar with the above results. Though the correlation between CD133 expression with the clinical characteristic was not positive in some ways when we analyzed the different subgroup. The prognostic value of CD133 expression for 5-year OS rate of CRC patients was noticeable in spite of different patients' region, multiple antibodies used in studies, various cut-off values of CD133 expression, and adjuvant therapy situation of patients. CONCLUSION CD133 is a useful predictive or prognostic biomarker for CRC in clinical assessment and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Mo
- Department of Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Junrong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huaying Ai
- Department of Injection Room, The People's Hospital of Yingtan City, Yingtan, Jiangxi
| | - Yiping Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-EGFR antibody sensitizes colorectal cancer stem-like cells to Fluorouracil-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81402-81409. [PMID: 27833077 PMCID: PMC5348401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may be sustained by a small subpopulation of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have drug resistance properties as a key reason for chemotherapy failure. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) controls CRC initiation and progression. Monoclonal antibody against EGFR (cetuximab) has been used in treatment of several cancers. However, the effects of cetuximab on CSCs in the CRC chemotherapy remain unclear. Here, we studied the effects of cetuximab on the CSC-like cells in Fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated CRC cells. CSC-like cells were independently isolated from CRC cells using CD133, CD44 or EphB2-high as markers and confirmed by tumor sphere formation assay. We found that 5-FU increased the apoptotic death of CSC-like CRC cells. Co-application of cetuximab augmented the apoptotic death of CSC-like CRC cells by 5-FU, seemingly through inhibition of 5-FU-induced increases in cell autophagy in CSC-like CRC cells. Together, our data suggest that EGFR monoclonal antibody may sensitize CSC-like CRC cells to 5-FU-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Prognostic significance of CD44 in human colon cancer and gastric cancer: Evidence from bioinformatic analyses. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45538-45546. [PMID: 27323782 PMCID: PMC5216740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a well-recognized stem cell biomarker expressed in colon and gastric cancer. In order to identify whether CD44 mRNA could be used as a prognostic marker in colon and gastric cancer, bioinformatic analyses were used in this study. cBioPortal analysis and COSMIC analysis were used to explore the CD44 mutation. CD44 mRNA levels were evaluated by using SAGE Genie tools and Oncomine analysis. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was performed to identify the prognostic roles of CD44 mRNA in these two cancers. In this study, first, we found that low alteration frequency of CD44 mRNA in colon and gastric cancer. Second, the high CD44 mRNA level was found in colon and gastric cancer, and it correlated with a benign survival rate in gastric cancer. Third, CD4 and CD74 may be used as markers to predict the prognosis of colon and gastric cancer. However, the deep mechanism(s) of these results remains unclear, further studies have to be performed in the future.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagata H, Ishihara S, Kishikawa J, Sonoda H, Murono K, Emoto S, Kaneko M, Sasaki K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Hata K, Kawai K, Nozawa H. CD133 expression predicts post-operative recurrence in patients with colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:721-732. [PMID: 29328371 PMCID: PMC5807045 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer, the impact of stem cell markers on patient survival remains unclear, particularly in those with distant metastasis. In this study, we focused on colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis and investigated the association between the expression of CD133, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and leucine-rich repeating G-protein coupled receptor-5 (Lgr5), and disease prognosis. Putative stem cell marker expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in samples from 142 primary tumours and 75 peritoneal nodules. The associations between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival and disease-free survival were analysed. The expression of CD133, ALDH1 and Lgr5 was found to be positive in 55.6, 47.2 and 78.9% of the primary tumour samples, respectively. While their expression was not associated with overall survival, disease-free survival was significantly worse in the CD133‑negative group (36.1 vs. 13.7%, P=0.041). Multivariable analysis confirmed that a negative CD133 expression was an independent risk factor for a reduced disease-free survival (P=0.005). Furthermore, the benefit of systemic chemotherapy was significantly greater in the CD133-negative group (P=0.039). On the whole, our data indicated that patients with colon cancer with CD133-negative expression had a reduced disease-free survival. Thus, we propose that CD133 expression may be a useful clinical biomarker in the treatment of colon cancer with peritoneal metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Sanno Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Junko Kishikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohto Bunkyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Manabu Kaneko
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng B, Ni CH, Chen H, Wu WD, Guo ZH, Zhu Y, Zheng W, Chen C. New evidence guiding extent of lymphadenectomy for esophagogastric junction tumor: Application of Ber-Ep4 Joint with CD44v6 staining on the detection of lower mediastinal lymph node micrometastasis and survival analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6533. [PMID: 28383418 PMCID: PMC5411202 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEJ), the optimal surgical approach and extent of lymph nodes dissection remain controversial. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been reported to be available for identifying lymph node micrometastasis (LNMM) in patients with AEJ. This was a prospective case series of patients who underwent R0 resection and lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy from January 2010 to June 2015 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital for Siewert type II AEJ. The outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 1325 lymph nodes were collected from 49 patients, grouped into 3 groups: lower mediastinal, paracardial, and abdominal. The former 2 groups were examined by monoclonal antibodies against Ber-Ep4 and CD44v6. The incidence of LNMM in mediastinal group was 37% (18/49) for Ber-Ep4 and 33% (16/49) for CD44v6. While in routine histological diagnosis, the number of patients with the positive lymph nodes was 7 (14%). When combining IHC with histopathology (HE) staining, the incidence of positive mediastinal lymph nodes was increased to 24%, with a total number of 37 lymph nodes from 28 patients (57%). Micrometastases indicated by Ber-Ep4 and CD44v6 were associated with the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.020 and 0.037, respectively), histopathological nodal status (P = 0.024 and 0.01, respectively), and Lauren classification (P = 0.038 and, respectively). Expression of CD44v6 and Ber-Ep4 was positively correlated (r = 0.643, P < 0.001). The 3- and 5-year survival rates for all patients were 66% and 50%, respectively. The patients with LNMM had a lower 3-year survival rate of 51%, compared to 80% from no LNMM group; 5-year survival rate was also lower in LNMM group, which is 29% versus 68% (P = 0.006) in the no LNMM group. Patients with positive Ber-Ep4 cells had a lower survival, but not statistically significant (P = 0.058). CD44v6-positive group had a significantly reduced survival (P < 0.001). In patients group with negative lower mediastinal lymph nodes, patients without LNMM obtained a significant survival benefit (P = 0.021). Our study demonstrated that routine test for LNMM is necessary for patients with negative lymph nodes. As a positive prognostic factor, thorough lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy in an invasive approach should be considered when necessary. Ber-Ep4 and CD44v6 were shown to be great markers for detecting LNMM.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ismaiel NEHS, Sharaf WM, Helmy DO, Zaki MM, Badawi MA, Soliman ASA. Detection of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:543-547. [PMID: 28028388 PMCID: PMC5175496 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the notion that the onset of tumorigenesis could occur through cancer stem cells (CSCs). These tumour cells show low proliferative rates, high self-renewal capacity, propensity to differentiate into active proliferating tumour cells & resistance to chemoradiotherapy thus, possibly causing local recurrences & metastasis formation. CD44 has been used as a marker to isolate CSCs from colorectal carcinoma (CRC). AIM To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cells marker (CD44) in CRC and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological aspects, TNM staging and modified Dukes' classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour biopsies from colectomy specimens of 60 patients with CRC were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological evaluation then immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 which was detected in term of negative or positive expression. RESULTS CD44 was demonstrated in 58.3% (35/60) of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with tumour site and histological type (p-value < 0.05). However, CD44 showed statistically insignificant inverse correlation with tumour invasiveness (T), lymph node status (N), grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes' classification, while it was directly correlated with distant metastasis (M) (p-value > 0.05). Chi-square /Fisher exact test proportion independence and the p-value are set significant at 0.05 level. CONCLUSION the CD44 rate of expression is higher in the colon than rectum and in adenocarcinoma than mucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. CD44 showed statistically insignificant relation with T, N, M, grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes' classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walid M Sharaf
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina O Helmy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Zaki
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal A Badawi
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Characterization of cancer stem cells from different grades of human colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14069-14081. [PMID: 27507615 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that a population of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), is responsible for tumor heterogeneity, invasion, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence of CRC. The isolation and characterization of CSCs using cell surface markers have been reported previously with varying results. In this study, we investigated a panel of four putative CSC markers, CD44, CD24, CD166, and EpCAM, to define CRC-CSC. Paraffin embedded tissue samples from different grades of primary, untreated CRC were analyzed for the expression of four CSC markers CD44, CD326, CD24, and CD166, using immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometric analysis of CRC-CSC from HT29 (low grade) and HCT116 (high grade) human colorectal cancer cell lines was done. Marker-based isolation of CSC and non-CSC-bulk-tumor cells from HT29 was done using FACS, and tumor sphere assay was performed. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the expression of CD44, CD326, and CD166 between cases and controls. A novel cutoff distribution of CD44 and CD166 was suggested to help for better immunohistochemical analysis of CRC. Higher prevalence of CSC was seen in high-grade CRC as compared to low-grade CRC. Sorted and cultured CD44 + CD166+ cells formed tumor spheres, suggesting that these cells, having properties of self renewal and anchorage independent proliferation, were in fact CSC. Hence, CD44 and CD166 may serve as good CRC-CSC markers when used together with novel cutoff immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression levels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ayadi M, Bouygues A, Ouaret D, Ferrand N, Chouaib S, Thiery JP, Muchardt C, Sabbah M, Larsen AK. Chronic chemotherapeutic stress promotes evolution of stemness and WNT/beta-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells: implications for clinical use of WNT-signaling inhibitors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18518-33. [PMID: 26041882 PMCID: PMC4621907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors contain a subfraction of cells with stem/progenitor cell features. Stem cells are naturally chemoresistant suggesting that chronic chemotherapeutic stress may select for cells with increased “stemness”. We carried out a comprehensive molecular and functional analysis of six independently selected colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with acquired resistance to three different chemotherapeutic agents derived from two distinct parental cell lines. Chronic drug exposure resulted in complex alterations of stem cell markers that could be classified into three categories: 1) one cell line, HT-29/5-FU, showed increased “stemness” and WNT-signaling, 2) three cell lines showed decreased expression of stem cell markers, decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, attenuated WNT-signaling and lost the capacity to form colonospheres and 3) two cell lines displayed prominent expression of ABC transporters with a heterogeneous response for stem cell markers. While WNT-signaling could be attenuated in the HT-29/5-FU cells by the WNT-signaling inhibitors ICG-001 and PKF-118, this was not accompanied by any selective growth inhibitory effect suggesting that the cytotoxic activity of these compounds is not directly linked to WNT-signaling inhibition. We conclude that classical WNT-signaling inhibitors have toxic off-target activities that need to be addressed for clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Ayadi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bouygues
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Djamila Ouaret
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cancer stem cells in human digestive tract malignancies. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
20
|
Wang H, Lu C, Liu X, Zhang W. Metastatic and prognostic factors in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11192-11198. [PMID: 26617841 PMCID: PMC4637656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic predictions in alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are usually based on relapse and metastasis. Thus, assessment of factors associated with metastasis and clinical outcomes in patients with alveolar echinococcosis are of significant important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlated factors for metastasis and prognosis for patients with AE. METHODS We analyzed 159 AE patients who underwent curative surgery at the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2003 to December 2013 by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD44 was performed in 159 AE and adjacent normal liver specimens. The clinicopathological parameters were analyzed for metastasis and prognosis, including gender, age, size, calcification, necrosis, foreign body granuloma and CD44 protein level. RESULTS The rate of metastasis was 22.1%. Chi-square test showed that low levels of CD44 was associated with metastasis (P = 0.004). However, multivariate analysis suggested that CD44 expression is not independent prognostic indicators for overall survival (P = 0.356). In addition, no correlations between prognosis and gender, age, size, calcification, necrosis, foreign body granulomatous, metastasis were identified. CONCLUSIONS The finding that a low level of CD44 is associated with metastasis in AE patients. At present, it thus remains question whether CD44 expression is a valid prognostic marker for AE, further investigations are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu B, Luo W, Hu RT, Zhou Y, Qin SY, Jiang HX. Meta-Analysis of Prognostic and Clinical Significance of CD44v6 in Esophageal Cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1238. [PMID: 26252284 PMCID: PMC4616606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44v6 is a cell adhesion molecule that plays an important role in the development and progression of esophageal cancer. However, the prognostic value and clinical significance of CD44v6 in esophageal cancer remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to clarify these relationships through a meta-analysis.We performed a comprehensive search of studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid library database, Google scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases that were published before June 2015. The odds ratio (OR) and pooled hazard ratio (HR) with the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the effects.Twenty-one studies including 1504 patients with esophageal cancer were selected to assess the prognostic value and clinical significance of CD44v6 in these patients. The results showed that the expression of CD44v6 was higher in esophageal cancer tissue than in normal colorectal tissue (OR=9.19, 95% CI=6.30-13.42). Moreover, expression of CD44v6 was higher in patients with lymphoid nodal metastasis, compared to those without (OR=6.91, 95% CI=4.81-9.93). The pooled results showed that CD44v6 was associated with survival in patients with esophageal cancer (HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.56-3.92). No significant difference in CD44v6 expression was found in patients with different histological types and tumor stages (both P>0.05). Moreover, no publication bias was found among the studies (all P > 0.05).This meta-analysis demonstrates that CD44v6 is associated with the metastasis of esophageal cancer and a poor prognosis, but is not associated with the histological types and tumor stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangli Hu
- From the Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China (BH, WL, S-YQ, H-XJ); Minzu Hospital Affiliated of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China (R-TH); and Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland (YZ)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Varela-Calviño R, Cordero OJ. Stem and immune cells in colorectal primary tumour: Number and function of subsets may diagnose metastasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:68-77. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An important percentage of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, even after a successful curative resection. This leads to a very high mortality rate if metastasis is not detected early on. Disseminated cancer cells develop from metastatic stem cells (MetSCs). Recent knowledge has accumulated about these cells particularly in CRC, so they may now be tracked from the removed primary tumour. This approach could be especially important in prognosis of metastasis because it is becoming clear that metastasis does not particularly rely on testable driver mutations. Among the many traits supporting an epigenetic amplification of cell survival and self-renewal mechanisms of MetSCs, the role of many immune cell populations present in tumour tissues is becoming clear. The amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer cells), dendritic cells and some regulatory populations have already shown prognostic value or to be correlated with disease-free survival time, mainly in immunohistochemistry studies of unique cell populations. Parallel analyses of these immune cell populations together with MetSCs in the primary tumour of patients, with later follow-up data of the patients, will define the usefulness of specific combinations of both immune and MetSCs cell populations. It is expected that these combinations, together to different biomarkers in the form of an immune score, may predict future tumour recurrences, metastases and/or mortality in CRC. It will also support the future design of improved immunotherapeutic approaches against metastasis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hong I, Hong SW, Chang YG, Lee WY, Lee B, Kang YK, Kim YS, Paik IW, Lee H. Expression of the Cancer Stem Cell Markers CD44 and CD133 in Colorectal Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Staining Analysis. Ann Coloproctol 2015; 31:84-91. [PMID: 26161375 PMCID: PMC4496458 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2015.31.3.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the expressions of CD44 and CD133 in colorectal cancer tissue by using immunohistochemical staining and to analyze the clinical significance of the expressions related to other clinicopathological data and survival results. Methods One hundred sixty-two patients with a biopsy-proven colorectal adenocarcinoma who were operated on between January 1998 and August 2004 were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for CD44 and CD133 was performed on primary colorectal cancer tissue, metastatic lymph nodes, and synchronous and metachronous metastatic tumor tissues if available. Results CD44 expression was stronger in the primary tumor than in metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.001), and CD133 expression tended to be stronger in primary tumor than in metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.057). No significant correlation was found between the CD44 and the CD133 expressions. The cases with recurrence showed low expression of CD44 (P = 0.017). CD133 expression was lower in cases with elevated CA 19-9 serum levels (P = 0.028) and advanced T stage (P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis proved that low expression of CD44 was an independent prognosis factor for short disease-free survival (P = 0.028). Conclusion Low CD44 expression was correlated with increased tumor recurrence and short disease-free survival, and low CD133 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage. We suggest that further studies be performed to evaluate whether the immunohistochemical method for determining the CD44 and the CD133 expressions is appropriate for exploring cancer stem-cell biology in patients with colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Injae Hong
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Hong
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Goo Chang
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Yong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungmo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Wook Paik
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyucksang Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Senol S, Yildırım A, Akalin I, Uruç F, Çobanoğlu B, Yilmaz S, Ceyran B, Kösemetin D, Ece D, Aydın A. Relation of stem cell markers ALDH1 and CD44 with clinicopathological factors in urothelial carcinomas of urinary bladder. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4195-4203. [PMID: 26064330 PMCID: PMC4443164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular studies are ongoing in regards to superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) either to define targeted therapy or to better select aggressive therapy candidates and also to delineate the outcome of the disease. In this study, we aimed to present the impact of ALDH1 and CD44 as stem cell markers in tumorigenesis and their prognostic value in urothelial carcinoma. We investigated ALDH1 and CD44 immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded material of 125 non-muscle-invasive (NMI) cases in 163 UCB patients. In the NMI-UCB subgroup, we found ALDH1 to be significantly correlated with all poor prognostic factors, including high stage (≥pT2), high grade, recurrence and progression development and poor survey (P=0.001) in contrast to CD44 expression (P>0.05). Although ALDH1 expression had a good correlation with a poor clinical course of UCB, it could be used as a molecular marker to determine the best treatment strategy and could contribute to the development of targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Senol
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildırım
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Uruç
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bengü Çobanoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sarenur Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ceyran
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kösemetin
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ece
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aydın
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang SZ, Ji WH, Mao WM, Ling ZQ. Elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44⁺ lymphocytes and neutrophils predict poor survival for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:172-7. [PMID: 25451952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain circulating cells have been shown to predict the clinical outcome of several cancers. The objective of this study was to identify clinical, hematological and immunological predictors of prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS A retrospective study on a prevalent cohort of 225 NSCLC patients hospitalized at the Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital (ZPCH) was conducted from August 1, 2006 to April 15, 2008. Circulating lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry. WBC count and classification in peripheral blood were measured with a Coulter counter. We calculated the proportion of patients surviving after first hospital admission and hazard ratios (HR) using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Elevated levels of preoperative circulating CD44(+) lymphocytes, WBCs and neutrophils indicated low cumulative survival. Clinical stage (HR: 2.292; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-3.91, P=0.002), neutrophils (HR: 1.877; 95% CI: 1.34-2.62, P<0.001) and CD44(+) lymphocytes (HR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.002) are independent predictors of survival in NSCLC patients, respectively. Elevated levels of CD44(+) lymphocytes and neutrophils correlated with distant metastasis and prognosis in NSCLC patients with stage III/IV, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CD44(+) lymphocytes along with neutrophils could serve as an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Yang
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Ji
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Mao
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No. 38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou 310022, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|