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Da Matta ES, Mosti G, Corralo VDS, Moura GPD, Quadros LBD, De Sá CA. Effects of lower limb muscle strengthening on interface pressure in older adults undergoing inelastic compression: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Phlebology 2024; 39:379-387. [PMID: 38369821 DOI: 10.1177/02683555241235042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of lower limb muscle strengthening on interface pressure (IP), static stiffness index (SSI), dynamic stiffness index (DSI), and walking pressure amplitude (WPA) in older adults undergoing inelastic compression therapy. METHOD Forty-three healthy older adults of both sexes (Age: 66.2 ± 4.4 years) met the eligibility criteria and completed all stages of the study (Resistance Training - RT: N = 20; Control - CONT: N = 23). Body composition, strength and functional mobility of lower limbs, IP, SSI, DSI, and WPA were evaluated before and after intervention. RESULTS The two-way ANOVA with repeated measures demonstrated a significant time-group interaction effect on muscular strength for 1-RM [F (1, 41) = 21.091; p ≤ 0.001], IP in the orthostatic position [F (1, 41) = 5.124; p ≤ 0.05], minimum WPA [F (1, 41) = 10.999; p ≤ 0.05], maximum WPA [F (1, 41) = 8.315; p ≤ 0.05], DSI minimum (F (1, 41) = 4.608; p ≤ 0.05), DSI maximum (F (1, 41) = 8.926; p ≤ 0.05), and on the delta DSI (F (1, 41) = 7.891; p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In RT group, the increase in lower limb muscle strength was accompanied by an increase in IP in foot dorsiflexion and plantar flexion maneuvers, both in the standing position (DSI) and during gait (WPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Simões Da Matta
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Health, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, Brazil
- Pró-Circulação™ - Angiology and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Xanxerê, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa da Silva Corralo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Health, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Branco de Quadros
- Pró-Circulação™ - Angiology and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Xanxerê, Brazil
- Life Sciences and Health Area, Universidade Do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, Brazil
| | - Clodoaldo Antônio De Sá
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Health, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, Brazil
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Zhou J, Manor B, McCarten JR, Wade MG, Jor’dan AJ. The effects of cognitive impairment on the multi-scale dynamics of standing postural control during visual-search in older men. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1068316. [PMID: 36761178 PMCID: PMC9905142 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1068316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment disrupts postural control, particularly when standing while performing an unrelated cognitive task (i.e., dual-tasking). The temporal dynamics of standing postural sway are "complex," and such complexity may reflect the capacity of the postural control system to adapt to task demands. We aimed to characterize the impact of cognitive impairment on such sway complexity in older adults. Methods Forty-nine older adult males (Alzheimer's disease (AD): n = 21; mild cognitive impairment (MCI): n = 13; cognitively-intact: n = 15) completed two 60-s standing trials in each of single-task and visual-search dual-task conditions. In the dual-task condition, participants were instructed to count the frequency of a designated letter in a block of letters projected on screen. The sway complexity of center-of-pressure fluctuations in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction was quantified using multiscale entropy. The dual-task cost to complexity was obtained by calculating the percent change of complexity from single- to dual-task condition. Results Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed significant main effects of group (F > 4.8, p < 0.01) and condition (F = 7.7, p < 0.007) on both AP and ML sway complexity; and significant interaction between group and condition for ML sway complexity (F = 3.7, p = 0.03). The AD group had the lowest dual-task ML complexity, as well as greater dual-task cost to ML (p = 0.03) compared to the other two groups. Visual-search task accuracy was correlated with ML sway complexity in the dual-task condition (r = 0.42, p = 0.007), and the dual-task cost to ML sway complexity (r = 0.39, p = 0.01) across all participants. Conclusion AD-related cognitive impairment was associated with a greater relative reduction in postural sway complexity from single- to dual-tasking. Sway complexity appears to be sensitive to the impact of cognitive impairment on standing postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Junhong Zhou,
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Riley McCarten
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States,School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael G. Wade
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Azizah J. Jor’dan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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Biathletes present repeating patterns of postural control to maintain their balance while shooting. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267105. [PMID: 35503761 PMCID: PMC9064080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance can be a main factor contributing to success in many disciplines, and biathlon is a representative example. A more stable posture may be a key factor for shooting scores. The center of foot pressure (COP) is commonly recorded when evaluating postural control. As COP measurements are highly irregular and non-stationary, non-linear deterministic methods, such as entropy, are more appropriate for the analysis of COP displacement. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the longitudinal effects of biathlon training can elicit specific changes in postural control. Eight national-level biathletes, 15 non-athletes who prior to the experiment took part in 3 months of shooting training, and 15 non-athletes with no prior rifle shooting experience took part in our study. The data was collected with the use of a force plate. Participants performed three balance tasks in quiet standing, the shooting position (internal focus-participants concentrated on maintaining the correct body position and rifle), and aiming at the target (external focus-participants concentrated on keeping the laser beam centered on the targets). Biathletes obtained significantly lower values of sample entropy compared to the other groups during the shooting and aiming at the target trials (p<0.05). External and internal focuses influenced the process of postural control among participants who had prior rifle shooting experience and the control group; they obtained significantly higher values of sample entropy while shooting and aiming at the target compared to the quiet standing trial (p<0.05). The biathletes obtained significantly lower values of sample entropy in the aiming at the target position compared to the quiet standing trial. Specific balance training is associated with the ability to deal with a more challenging, non-specific task. The biathletes seemed to employ a different motor control strategy than the beginners and control group, creating repeating patterns (more regular signal for COP) to keep one's balance during the shooting and aiming at the target positions.
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Zanin M, Olivares F, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Rausell E, Gomez-Andres D. Gait analysis under the lens of statistical physics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3257-3267. [PMID: 35782747 PMCID: PMC9237948 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gait is a fundamental activity, essential for the survival of the individual, and an emergent property of the interactions between complex physical and cognitive processes. Gait is altered in many situations, due both to external constraints, as e.g. paced walk, and to physical and neurological pathologies. Its study is therefore important as a way of improving the quality of life of patients, but also as a door to understanding the inner working of the human nervous system. In this review we explore how four statistical physics concepts have been used to characterise normal and pathological gait: entropy, maximum Lyapunov exponent, multi-fractal analysis and irreversibility. Beyond some basic definitions, we present the main results that have been obtained in this field, as well as a discussion of the main limitations researchers have dealt and will have to deal with. We finally conclude with some biomedical considerations and avenues for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Zanin
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Felipe Olivares
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Estrella Rausell
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Andres
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, ERN-RND & EURO-NMD, Pg. de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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Tofas T, Fatouros IG, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Tziortzis C, Panayiotou G, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Effects of Cardiovascular, Resistance and Combined Exercise Training on Cardiovascular, Performance and Blood Redox Parameters in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: An 8-Month Training-Detraining Randomized Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030409. [PMID: 33803076 PMCID: PMC8001546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that chronic/regular exercise improves the cardiovascular function, decreases oxidative stress and enhances the antioxidant capacity in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the chronic effects of different types of training and detraining on cardiovascular function and the levels of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effects of cardiovascular, resistance and combined exercise training followed by a three-month detraining period, on cardiovascular function, physical performance and blood redox status parameters in CAD patients. Sixty coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either a cardiovascular training (CVT, N = 15), resistance training (RT, N = 11), combined cardiovascular and resistance training (CT, N = 16) or a control (C, N = 15) group. The training groups participated in an 8-month supervised training program (training three days/week) followed by a 3-month detraining period, while the control group participated only in measurements. Body composition, blood pressure, performance-related variables (aerobic capacity (VO2max), muscle strength, flexibility) and blood redox status-related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), catalase activity (CAT), protein carbonyls (PC)) were assessed at the beginning of the study, after 4 and 8 months of training as well as following 1, 2 and 3 months of detraining (DT). CVT induced the most remarkable and pronounced alterations in blood pressure (~9% reduction in systolic blood pressure and ~5% in diastolic blood pressure) and redox status since it had a positive effect on all redox-related variables (ranging from 16 to 137%). RT and CT training affected positively some of the assessed (TAC, CAT and PC) redox-related variables. Performance-related variables retained the positive response of the training, whereas most of the redox status parameters, for all training groups, restored near to the pre-exercise values at the end of the DT period. These results indicate that exercise training has a significant effect on redox status of CAD. Three months of detraining is enough to abolish the exercise-induced beneficial effects on redox status, indicating that for a better antioxidant status, exercise must be a lifetime commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryfonas Tofas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Charalambos Tziortzis
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - George Panayiotou
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus 6 Diogenis Str., 2404 Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus; (C.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall Campus, Gorway Rd, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (T.T.); (I.G.F.); (D.D.); (C.K.D.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-24310-47054
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Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive deterioration of muscle mass, quality, and strength, is prevalent among older adults. Since the first Baby Boomers reached age 65 years in 2010, primary care providers have faced a challenge to address sarcopenia in this growing older population. Preventing sarcopenia is essential for reducing falls, preventing chronic disease, and improving longevity. This article reviews new dietary and exercise guidelines for sarcopenia prevention in older adults.
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7
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Multiscale Entropy of Cardiac and Postural Control Reflects a Flexible Adaptation to a Cognitive Task. ENTROPY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7514245 DOI: 10.3390/e21101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In humans, physiological systems involved in maintaining stable conditions for health and well-being are complex, encompassing multiple interactions within and between system components. This complexity is mirrored in the temporal structure of the variability of output signals. Entropy has been recognized as a good marker of systems complexity, notably when calculated from heart rate and postural dynamics. A degraded entropy is generally associated with frailty, aging, impairments or diseases. In contrast, high entropy has been associated with the elevated capacity to adjust to an ever-changing environment, but the link is unknown between entropy and the capacity to cope with cognitive tasks in a healthy young to middle-aged population. Here, we addressed classic markers (time and frequency domains) and refined composite multiscale entropy (MSE) markers (after pre-processing) of heart rate and postural sway time series in 34 participants during quiet versus cognitive task conditions. Recordings lasted 10 min for heart rate and 51.2 s for upright standing, providing time series lengths of 500–600 and 2048 samples, respectively. The main finding was that entropy increased during cognitive tasks. This highlights the possible links between our entropy measures and the systems complexity that probably facilitates a control remodeling and a flexible adaptability in our healthy participants. We conclude that entropy is a reliable marker of neurophysiological complexity and adaptability in autonomic and somatic systems.
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8
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Permutation Entropy and Irreversibility in Gait Kinematic Time Series from Patients with Mild Cognitive Decline and Early Alzheimer’s Dementia. ENTROPY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7515397 DOI: 10.3390/e21090868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gait is a basic cognitive purposeful action that has been shown to be altered in late stages of neurodegenerative dementias. Nevertheless, alterations are less clear in mild forms of dementia, and the potential use of gait analysis as a biomarker of initial cognitive decline has hitherto mostly been neglected. Herein, we report the results of a study of gait kinematic time series for two groups of patients (mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease) and a group of matched control subjects. Two metrics based on permutation patterns are considered, respectively measuring the complexity and irreversibility of the time series. Results indicate that kinematic disorganisation is present in early phases of cognitive impairment; in addition, they depict a rich scenario, in which some joint movements display an increased complexity and irreversibility, while others a marked decrease. Beyond their potential use as biomarkers, complexity and irreversibility metrics can open a new door to the understanding of the role of the nervous system in gait, as well as its adaptation and compensatory mechanisms.
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Gilfriche P, Deschodt-Arsac V, Blons E, Arsac LM. Frequency-Specific Fractal Analysis of Postural Control Accounts for Control Strategies. Front Physiol 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 29643816 PMCID: PMC5883185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse indicators of postural control in Humans have been explored for decades, mostly based on the trajectory of the center-of-pressure. Classical approaches focus on variability, based on the notion that if a posture is too variable, the subject is not stable. Going deeper, an improved understanding of underlying physiology has been gained from studying variability in different frequency ranges, pointing to specific short-loops (proprioception), and long-loops (visuo-vestibular) in neural control. More recently, fractal analyses have proliferated and become useful additional metrics of postural control. They allowed identifying two scaling phenomena, respectively in short and long timescales. Here, we show that one of the most widely used methods for fractal analysis, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, could be enhanced to account for scalings on specific frequency ranges. By computing and filtering a bank of synthetic fractal signals, we established how scaling analysis can be focused on specific frequency components. We called the obtained method Frequency-specific Fractal Analysis (FsFA) and used it to associate the two scaling phenomena of postural control to proprioceptive-based control loop and visuo-vestibular based control loop. After that, convincing arguments of method validity came from an application on the study of unaltered vs. altered postural control in athletes. Overall, the analysis suggests that at least two timescales contribute to postural control: a velocity-based control in short timescales relying on proprioceptive sensors, and a position-based control in longer timescales with visuo-vestibular sensors, which is a brand-new vision of postural control. Frequency-specific scaling exponents are promising markers of control strategies in Humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gilfriche
- CATIE - Centre Aquitain des Technologies de l'Information et Electroniques, Talence, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | | | - Estelle Blons
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Laurent M Arsac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
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Mohammed J, Derom E, Van Oosterwijck J, Da Silva H, Calders P. Evidence for aerobic exercise training on the autonomic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2018; 104:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Human Postural Control: Assessment of Two Alternative Interpretations of Center of Pressure Sample Entropy through a Principal Component Factorization of Whole-Body Kinematics. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20010030. [PMID: 33265120 PMCID: PMC7512231 DOI: 10.3390/e20010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sample entropy (SaEn), calculated for center of pressure (COP) trajectories, is often distinct for compromised postural control, e.g., in Parkinson, stroke, or concussion patients, but the interpretation of COP-SaEn remains subject to debate. The purpose of this paper is to test the hypotheses that COP-SaEn is related (Hypothesis 1; H1) to the complexity of the postural movement structures, i.e., to the utilization and coordination of the mechanical degrees of freedom; or (Hypothesis 2; H2) to the irregularity of the individual postural movement strategies, i.e., to the neuromuscular control of these movements. Twenty-one healthy volunteers (age 26.4 ± 2.4; 10 females), equipped with 27 reflective markers, stood on a force plate and performed 2-min quiet stances. Principal movement strategies (PMs) were obtained from a principal component analysis (PCA) of the kinematic data. Then SaEn was calculated for the COP and PM time-series. H1 was tested by correlating COP-SaEn to the relative contribution of the PMs to the subject specific overall movement and H2 by correlating COP-SaEn and PM-SaEn. Both hypotheses were supported. This suggests that in a healthy population the COP-SaEn is linked to the complexity of the coordinative structure of postural movements, as well as to the irregularity of the neuromuscular control of specific movement components.
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12
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Pasluosta CF, Steib S, Klamroth S, Gaßner H, Goßler J, Hannink J, von Tscharner V, Pfeifer K, Winkler J, Klucken J, Eskofier BM. Acute Neuromuscular Adaptations in the Postural Control of Patients with Parkinson's Disease after Perturbed Walking. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:316. [PMID: 29021758 PMCID: PMC5623711 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) present motor impairments reflected in the dynamics of the center of pressure (CoP) adjustments during quiet standing. One method to study the dynamics of CoP adjustments is the entropic half-life (EnHL), which measures the short-term correlations of a time series at different time scales. Changes in the EnHL of CoP time series suggest neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. In this study, we sought to investigate the immediate changes in the EnHL of CoP adjustments of patients with PD during one session of perturbed (experimental group) and unperturbed treadmill walking (control group). A total of 39 patients with PD participated in this study. The experimental group (n = 19) walked on a treadmill providing small tilting of the treadmill platform. The control group (n = 20) walked without perturbations. Each participant performed 5-min practice followed by three 5-min training blocks of walking with or without perturbation (with 3-min resting in between). Quiet standing CoP data was collected for 30 s at pre-training, after each training block, immediately post-training, and after 10 min retention. The EnHL was computed on the original and surrogates (phase-randomized) CoP signals in the medio-lateral (ML) and anterior–posterior (AP) directions. Data was analyzed using four-way mixed ANOVA. Increased EnHL values were observed for both groups (Time effect, p < 0.001) as the intervention progressed, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. The EnHL of surrogate signals were significantly lower than for original signals (p < 0.001), confirming that these adaptations come from non-random control processes. There was no Group effect (p = 0.622), however by analyzing the significant Group by Direction by Time interaction (p < 0.05), a more pronounced effect in the ML direction of the perturbed group was observed. Altogether, our findings show that treadmill walking decreases the complexity of CoP adjustments, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in balance control during a short training period. Further investigations are required to assess these adaptations during longer training intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian F Pasluosta
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Steib
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Klamroth
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gaßner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Goßler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Hannink
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Institute of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bjoern M Eskofier
- Digital Sports Group, Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Otero M, Esain I, González-Suarez ÁM, Gil SM. The effectiveness of a basic exercise intervention to improve strength and balance in women with osteoporosis. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:505-513. [PMID: 28352163 PMCID: PMC5358963 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s127233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of a simple exercise program on the balance and strength of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods This program was based on low intensity strength and balance exercises, and was carried out with simple, readily available equipment. Sixty five women were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG; n=33, age: 57.4±4.8 years) or the control group (CG; n=32, age: 58.8±4.5 years). Participants in the EG underwent balance and strength training for 60 min, three times/week for 6 months. Each session consisted of warm-up exercises (10 min), balance training (20 min), strength training (20 min), and cooldown (10 min). Participants from the CG were asked not to modify their usual habits during the course of the study. Static balance was evaluated using the blind monopodal stance static balance test. In contrast, dynamic balance was assessed using the “8-foot up and go” test, whereas the strength of the upper and lower limbs was measured using the “arm curl” and “30 s chair stand” tests, respectively. All these variables were assessed at baseline and upon program completion. Results The EG showed significant improvements (P<0.001) in static balance (21%), dynamic balance (36%), and in the strength of the upper (80%) and lower (47%) limbs in comparison to the CG after the sixth month. Participants in the CG showed significantly lower values (P<0.001) in the four tests. In addition, a significant inverse relationship between static balance and the strength of the upper (r=−0.390; P=0.001) and lower (r=−0.317; P=0.01) limbs was found. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that a physical exercise program based on balance and strength exercises, carried out with simple and readily available equipment, is capable of significantly improving the strength and balance of women with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Otero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz
| | - Izaro Esain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ángel M González-Suarez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz
| | - Susana M Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Possibility of Using Entropy Method to Evaluate the Distracting Effect of Mobile Phones on Pedestrians. ENTROPY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/e18110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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VALENTI GIULIO, BONOMI ALBERTOGIOVANNI, WESTERTERP KLAASROELOF. Multicomponent Fitness Training Improves Walking Economy in Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1365-70. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Center-of-Pressure Dynamics in Human Postural Control: Methodological Considerations. ENTROPY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/e17127849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ramdani S, Bonnet V, Tallon G, Lagarde J, Bernard PL, Blain H. Parameters Selection for Bivariate Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Postural Fluctuations in Fallers and Non-Fallers Older Adults. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015; 24:859-71. [PMID: 26372426 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2473701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Entropy measures are often used to quantify the regularity of postural sway time series. Recent methodological developments provided both multivariate and multiscale approaches allowing the extraction of complexity features from physiological signals; see "Dynamical complexity of human responses: A multivariate data-adaptive framework," in Bulletin of Polish Academy of Science and Technology, vol. 60, p. 433, 2012. The resulting entropy measures are good candidates for the analysis of bivariate postural sway signals exhibiting nonstationarity and multiscale properties. These methods are dependant on several input parameters such as embedding parameters. Using two data sets collected from institutionalized frail older adults, we numerically investigate the behavior of a recent multivariate and multiscale entropy estimator; see "Multivariate multiscale entropy: A tool for complexity analysis of multichannel data," Physics Review E, vol. 84, p. 061918, 2011. We propose criteria for the selection of the input parameters. Using these optimal parameters, we statistically compare the multivariate and multiscale entropy values of postural sway data of non-faller subjects to those of fallers. These two groups are discriminated by the resulting measures over multiple time scales. We also demonstrate that the typical parameter settings proposed in the literature lead to entropy measures that do not distinguish the two groups. This last result confirms the importance of the selection of appropriate input parameters.
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