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Pan L, Su S, Li Y, Liu D, Shen L, Wang H, Wen J, Hu H, Zheng R. The effect of acupuncture on oestrogen receptors in rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106402. [PMID: 37734284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acupuncture on the protein and gene expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) alpha (α) and beta (β) in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats remains unclear. In this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group). The rats in the blank group did not receive any treatment, while the rats in the model group were injected intraperitoneally with testosterone propionate for 28 days to establish the BPH model and then randomly sub-divided into a control group, an acupuncture group and a finasteride group (positive control group). Dissections were performed after rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, and then the weight and volume of the prostate were then measured. The expression of ERs was detected via immunohistochemistry, western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that ERα was discontinuously distributed in epithelial cells and expressed in large quantities in stromal cells, and ERβ was aggregated and expressed in hyperplastic nodules. Acupuncture and finasteride could significantly improve the distribution of ERα and ERβ which suggested that acupuncture and finasteride could improve BPH. There was no significant difference in ERα messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression among the groups, but the ERβ mRNA expression in the finasteride group showed a significant difference compared with the control and acupuncture groups. The mechanism of the acupuncture treatment of BPH may be related to the increased transcription level of ERβ mRNA in prostate tissues, the improved distribution of ERα expression in epithelial cells and the aggregation expression of ERs in hyperplastic nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pan
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shiyu Su
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lingyu Shen
- Department of Acupuncture, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Hospital Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Ruwen Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Inhibition of α 1-Adrenergic, Non-Adrenergic and Neurogenic Human Prostate Smooth Muscle Contraction and of Stromal Cell Growth by the Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234943. [PMID: 36500973 PMCID: PMC9735664 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavone-rich legumes, including soy, are used for food production, as dietary supplements and in traditional medicine. Soy consumption correlates negatively with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and voiding symptoms. However, isoflavone effects on the prostate are hardly known. Here, we examined the effects on human prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which are driving factors of voiding symptoms in BPH. Smooth muscle contractions were induced in prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy. Growth-related functions were studied in cultured stromal cells (WPMY-1). Neurogenic, α1-adrenergic and non-adrenergic contractions were strongly inhibited with 50 µM and by around 50% with 10 µM genistein. Daidzein inhibited neurogenic contractions using 10 and 100 µM. Agonist-induced contractions were inhibited by 100 µM but not 10 µM daidzein. A combination of 6 µM genistein with 5 µM daidzein still inhibited neurogenic and agonist-induced contractions. Proliferation of WPMY-1 cells was inhibited by genistein (>50%) and daidzein (<50%). Genistein induced apoptosis and cell death (by seven-fold relative to controls), while daidzein induced cell death (6.4-fold) without apoptosis. Viability was reduced by genistein (maximum: 87%) and daidzein (62%). In conclusion, soy isoflavones exert sustained effects on prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which may explain the inverse relationships between soy-rich nutrition, BPH and voiding symptoms.
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Hu X, Li X, Deng P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Cai D, Xu Q, Jiang X, Sun J, Bai W. The consequence and mechanism of dietary flavonoids on androgen profiles and disorders amelioration. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11327-11350. [PMID: 35796699 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Androgen is a kind of steroid hormone that plays a vital role in reproductive system and homeostasis of the body. Disrupted androgen balance serves as the causal contributor to a series of physiological disorders and even diseases. Flavonoids, as an extremely frequent family of natural polyphenols, exist widely in plants and foods and have received great attention when considering their inevitable consumption and estrogen-like effects. Mounting evidence illustrates that flavonoids have a propensity to interfere with androgen synthesis and metabolism, and also have a designated improvement effect on androgen disorders. Therefore, flavonoids were divided into six subclasses based on the structural feature in this paper, and the literature about their effects on androgens published in the past ten years was summarized. It could be concluded that flavonoids have the potential to regulate androgen levels and biological effects, mainly by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, androgen synthesis and metabolism, androgen binding with its receptors and membrane receptors, and antioxidant effects. The faced challenges about androgen regulation by flavonoids masterly include target mechanism exploration, individual heterogeneity, food matrixes interaction, and lack of clinical study. This review also provides a scientific basis for nutritional intervention using flavonoids to improve androgen disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ruijing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Based Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dongbao Cai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingjie Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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A Combination of Natural Products, BenPros (Green Tea Extract, Soybean Extract and Camellia Japonica Oil), Ameliorates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases in elderly men and causes lower urinary tract symptoms due to excessive proliferation of prostate stromal and epithelial cells. The present study investigated the improving effect of BenPros, an edible natural product mixture (green tea extract, soybean extract and camellia japonica oil), against the development of BPH in vitro and in vivo. BenPros treatment showed inhibitory ability on testosterone-induced androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and 5α-reductase protein expression in LNCap-LN3 cells and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced increases in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in RAW264.7 cells. In a testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model, BenPros decreased the up-regulated serum 5α-dihydrotestosterone and PSA levels. Moreover, BenPros also significantly reduced PSA protein expression in prostate tissue. Furthermore, TP-induced increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were reduced by BenPros, resulting in an increase in the Bcl-2/BCL2-related X ratio. These regulatory abilities of BenPros on BPH inducing markers also reduced prostate size and epithelial thickness based on histological analysis. These results indicate that BenPros has a protective ability against BPH in vitro and in vivo, and it may be a promising candidate as a functional food in regulating BPH.
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The Promising Therapeutic and Preventive Properties of Anthocyanidins/Anthocyanins on Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071070. [PMID: 35406634 PMCID: PMC8997497 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As water-soluble flavonoid derivatives, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins are the plants pigments mostly rich in berries, pomegranate, grapes, and dark color fruits. Many bioactivity properties of these advantageous phytochemicals have been reported; among them, their significant abilities in the suppression of tumor cells are of the promising therapeutic features, which have recently attracted great attention. The prostate malignancy, is considered the 2nd fatal and the most distributed cancer type in men worldwide. The present study was designated to gather the preclinical and clinical studies evaluating potencies of anthocyanidins/anthocyanins for the treatment and prevention of this cancer type for the first time. In general, findings confirm that the anthocyanins (especifically cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) indicated higher activity against prostatic neoplasms compared to their correlated anthocyanidins (e.g., delphinidin); in which potent anti-inflammatory, apoptosis, and anti-proliferative activities were analyzed. Complementary anti-prostate cancer assessment of diverse naturally occurred anthocyanidins/anthocyanins and their synthetically optimized derivatives through preclinical experiments and eventually confirmed by clinical trials can promisingly lead to discover natural-based chemotherapeutic drug options.
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Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020450. [PMID: 33467066 PMCID: PMC7829696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life. Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH. Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in BPH. Next, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, including those of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Vásquez-Velásquez C, Gasco M, Fano-Sizgorich D, Gonzales GF. Inflammatory pathway employed by Red Maca to treat induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13516. [PMID: 31989657 DOI: 10.1111/and.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathology characterised by an increase in prostate size associated with low urinary tract symptoms. Finasteride (F), a 5a-reductase inhibitor, is the standard treatment for BPH reducing prostate weight but also sexual desire. The Peruvian plant known as Red Maca (RM) (Lepidium meyenii) inhibits BPH in rats and mice. The aim of the study was to assess the inflammatory effect of RM and finasteride in rats with testosterone enanthate (TE)-induced BPH. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, TE (50 mg/rat), TE + F (0.6 mg/kg), and two groups of TE + RM 40/80 (40 or 80 mg). After treatments, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), interleukin 4 (IL4) and interferon gamma (INFg) as well as testosterone and oestradiol were evaluated and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, mast cells and lymphocytes) in prostate were quantified. Red Maca and finasteride treatments decreased inflammatory cells counts in prostate, inhibiting TNFa by different pathways. Finasteride increased IL4 whereas Red Maca increased INFg. In conclusion, data suggest that finasteride acts on Th2 response by increasing IL4 in prostate, while Red Maca acts on Th1 response mediated by INFg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Vásquez-Velásquez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel Gasco
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Fano-Sizgorich
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo F Gonzales
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Altitude Research Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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The Effect of Xialiqi Capsule on Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5367814. [PMID: 30364022 PMCID: PMC6186362 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5367814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common among elderly men, of which inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferative, and apoptotic changes play important roles. Xialiqi (XLQ) capsule, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is used as a potential drug in treating BPH. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of XLQ capsule on testosterone propionate- (TP-) induced BPH in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham control, BPH model, high and low dose of XLQ, and finasteride as a positive control group. All groups were treated with appropriate drugs/normal saline for 28 consecutive days. Prostate weights were recorded; histopathological changes and content of IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, SOD, MDA, caspase-3, and PCNA of the prostate were determined. Animals with BPH demonstrated significantly increased prostate weights and prostate index, higher levels of IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, MDA, and PCNA, but lower activity of SOD and reduced expression of caspase-3. After treatment with XLQ, significant reductions of prostate weights, prostate index, IL-8, TNF-α, DHT, MDA, and PCNA, increased activity of SOD, and higher level of caspase-3 were shown. The present study indicates that XLQ can effectively prevent the development of TP-induced BPH model through mechanisms of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antiproliferation, and proapoptosis.
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Chen J, Zhang HF, Xiong CM, Ruan JL. Inhibitory effect of diosgenin on experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:806-810. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bae WJ, Park HJ, Koo HC, Kim DR, Ha US, Kim KS, Kim SJ, Cho HJ, Hong SH, Lee JY, Hwang SY, Kim SW. The Effect of Seoritae Extract in Men with Mild to Moderate Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:1960926. [PMID: 27382404 PMCID: PMC4921633 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1960926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of Seoritae extract (SE) on mild to moderate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Seventy-six subjects with mild to moderate LUTS suggestive of BPH were prospectively recruited from the urology outpatient clinic and assigned to either SE (4200 mg or 6 tablets 3 times a day) or matching placebo. The primary outcome variable, the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), was evaluated at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks. Postvoid residual volume (PVR), maximum urine flow rate (Q max), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were evaluated. IPSSs decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks within the SE group. Significant improvements in IPSS voiding scores at 4 and 12 weeks were also observed in the SE group compared to the placebo group. IPSS storage and quality of life scores were also significantly decreased at 12 weeks in the SE group. There was no change in Q max or PVR in both groups after 12 weeks. Administration of SE for 12 weeks led to significant improvements in LUTS, and it can be concerned as a reasonable and safe alternative for men with mild to moderate LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Jin Bae
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Cheong Koo
- Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Ram Kim
- Korea Bio Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U-Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sup Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jin Cho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Youl Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sae Woong Kim
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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de Amorim Ribeiro IC, da Costa CAS, da Silva VAP, Côrrea LBNS, Boaventura GT, Chagas MA. Flaxseed reduces epithelial proliferation but does not affect basal cells in induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1201-1210. [PMID: 26857761 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the effects of a flaxseed-based diet on the histoarchitecture of the prostate of normal Wistar rats and of rats with induced BPH. METHODS The study included four experimental groups of ten animals each: casein control group (CCG), who were fed a casein-based diet; flaxseed control group (FCG), who were fed a flaxseed-based diet; hyperplasia-induced casein group (HICG), who were fed a casein-based diet; and hyperplasia-induced flaxseed group (HIFG), who were fed a flaxseed-based diet. Hyperplasia was induced by the subcutaneous implantation of silicone pellets containing testosterone propionate. After 20 weeks, the rats were euthanized and their prostate fixed in buffered formalin. Tissue sections were stained with HE, picrosirius red and immunostained for nuclear antigen p63. Histomorphometric analysis evaluated the epithelial thickness, epithelial area, individual luminal area, and total area of prostatic alveoli. RESULTS The mean epithelial thickness obtained for HIFG and HICG was 16.52 ± 1.65 and 20.58 ± 2.86 µm, respectively. The mean epithelial thickness in HICG was greater than that in the other groups tested. HIFG had a smaller epithelial thickness and lower percentage of papillary projections in the prostatic alveoli. No significant difference was observed between CCG and FCG. The total area and mean alveolar area showed no significant differences between the groups. The number of cells immunostained for p63 was not significantly different between the groups evaluated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that flaxseed has a protective effect on the prostate epithelium in BPH-induced animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Cely de Amorim Ribeiro
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Soares da Costa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University, 30/5th floor, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Vivian Alves Pereira da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Lanna Beatriz Neves Silva Côrrea
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Gilson Teles Boaventura
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University, 30/5th floor, Rio de Janeiro, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Alves Chagas
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Extracellular Biomorphology Biomedic Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
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