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Cheng X, Tan Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Hui S, Zhang Z, Peng W. Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Implications of NRF2 in Diabetic Encephalopathy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:8253-8278. [PMID: 38483656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a complication of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by damage in the central nervous system and cognitive impairment, which has gained global attention. Despite the extensive research aimed at enhancing our understanding of DE, the underlying mechanism of occurrence and development of DE has not been established. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a close correlation between DE and various factors, such as Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Of interest, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor with antioxidant properties that is crucial in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating inflammatory responses. The activation and regulatory mechanisms of NRF2 are a relatively complex process. NRF2 is involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and confers neuroprotective functions. Multiple studies have provided evidence demonstrating the significant involvement of NRF2 as a critical transcription factor in the progression of DE. Additionally, various molecules capable of activating NRF2 expression have shown potential in ameliorating DE. Therefore, it is intriguing to consider NRF2 as a potential target for the treatment of DE. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role and the possible underlying mechanism of NRF2 in DE. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current research landscape and address the challenges associated with using NRF2 activators as potential treatment options for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- YangSheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Gupta M, Pandey S, Rumman M, Singh B, Mahdi AA. Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia associated cognitive decline. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:57-63. [PMID: 36590246 PMCID: PMC9800261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. DM can lead to a number of secondary complications affecting multiple organs in the body including the eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. The most common effect of hyperglycemia on the brain is cognitive decline. It has been estimated that 20-70% of people with DM have cognitive deficits. High blood sugar affects key brain areas involved in learning, memory, and spatial navigation, and the structural complexity of the brain has made it prone to a variety of pathological disorders, including T2DM. Studies have reported that cognitive decline can occur in people with diabetes, which could go undetected for several years. Moreover, studies on brain imaging suggest extensive effects on different brain regions in patients with T2D. It remains unclear whether diabetes-associated cognitive decline is a consequence of hyperglycemia or a complication that co-occurs with T2D. The exact mechanism underlying cognitive impairment in diabetes is complex; however, impaired glucose metabolism and abnormal insulin function are thought to play important roles. In this review, we have tried to summarize the effect of hyperglycemia on the brain structure and functions, along with the potential mechanisms underlying T2DM-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Othman MA, Fadel R, Tayem Y, Jaradat A, Rashid A, Fatima A, Al-Mahameed AE, Nasr El-Din WA. Caffeine protects against hippocampal alterations in type 2 diabetic rats via modulation of gliosis, inflammation and apoptosis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:443-466. [PMID: 36577880 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is implicated in the injury of several organs, including the brain resulting in neuronal damage, which may lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Additionally, it is linked to inflammation, cytokine release, apoptosis and various degenerative conditions. Astrocytes and microglia might have a role in mediating these processes. Caffeine, a psychoactive beverage, has been shown to reduce the risk of cognitive and memory impairment. This study proposes anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of caffeine, which can be mediated via microglia/astrocyte activation and overexpression of pro-inflammatory molecules. T2D was induced in rats by feeding with high fat high sugar diet and injecting a single low dose streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally. Other diabetic rats were given caffeine orally (in two doses) for 5 weeks, starting 1 week before STZ injection. Measurement of plasma cytokines, TNFα and IL6, was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After sacrificing animals, brains were obtained and processed for histological evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was also performed using the following primary antibodies, anti-astrocyte marker GFAP, anti-microglia marker CD11b and apoptotic marker (anti-cleaved caspase-3). There was upregulation of IL6 and TNF-α in diabetic rats. Additionally, histological evaluation of the hippocampus of diabetic rats revealed cellular degeneration. There was increased immunostaining of GFAP, CD11b and cleaved caspase-3 in diabetic rats. Pretreatment with caffeine to diabetic rats, resulted in improvement of structural changes and decrease in cytokine levels and immuno-markers, expression, and this was in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, caffeine had an ameliorative role in enhancing hippocampal degenerative changes in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Raouf Fadel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasin Tayem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Jaradat
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Aisha Rashid
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ayesha Fatima
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali E Al-Mahameed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Wael Amin Nasr El-Din
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Bahrain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Fahimi S, Oryan S, Ahmadi R, Eidi A. Downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Expression During Apoptosis in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effects of Peganum harmala Seed Extract. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e132071. [PMID: 36915407 PMCID: PMC10007996 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis is proposed as a possible mechanism for diabetes-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Numerous studies have suggested that the therapeutic properties of plants, such as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic, are effective in improving the complications of diabetes in the hippocampus. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic properties of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) in the brain hippocampal cells of diabetic rats. Methods In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8) as follows: Control (C), diabetic (D), harmine (H), diabetic plus harmine (DH), seed extract (S), and diabetic plus seed extract (DS). A single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) was enough to cause diabetes. Seed extract and harmine were given at 150 mg/kg and 6.5 mg/kg, respectively (daily by oral gavage for 28 days). The glucose levels in the blood were measured, and the histological staining of the hippocampus was examined. Percentages of apoptotic hippocampal cells were identified with flow cytometry. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was assayed via Real time- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Results In DH (P = 0.001) and DS (P = 0.01) rats, the mean fasting blood glucose level significantly reduced compared with the D group. Bax and Bcl-2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels significantly differed between the D group and other groups (P = 0.01). Harmine and the seed extract considerably reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal cells compared to the D group (P = 0.001). Conclusions Streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats was reduced by administering the seed extract of Peganum harmala. The P. harmala seed extract and its active ingredient, harmine, could be used as anti-apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Fahimi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramesh Ahmadi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Arigela CS, Nelli G, Gan SH, Sirajudeen KNS, Krishnan K, Abdul Rahman N, Pasupuleti VR. Bitter Gourd Honey Ameliorates Hepatic and Renal Diabetic Complications on Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models by Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms. Foods 2021; 10:2872. [PMID: 34829154 PMCID: PMC8618080 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has several pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic activity. However, the effectiveness of bitter gourd honey (BGH) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties of BGH on the kidney and liver of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. METHODS A single dose (nicotinamide 110 mg/kg, streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) was used to induce DM in male rats. For 28 days, normal or diabetic rats were administered 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day of BGH orally. After the treatment, blood, liver, and kidney samples were collected and analysed for biochemical, histological, and molecular parameters. In addition, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the major bioactive components in BGH. RESULTS The administration of BGH to diabetic rats resulted in significant reductions in alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea levels. Diabetic rats treated with BGH showed lesser pathophysiological alterations in the liver and kidney as compared to non-treated control rats. BGH-treated diabetic rats exhibited reduced levels of oxidative stress (MDA levels), inflammatory (MYD88, NFKB, p-NFKB, IKKβ), and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers, as well as higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver and kidney. BGH contains many bioactive compounds that may have antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION BGH protected the liver and kidney in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-induced damage. As a result, BGH can be used as a potential therapy to ameliorate diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Arigela
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, Kota Bharu 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (C.S.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Giribabu Nelli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kuttulebbai Nainamohamed Salam Sirajudeen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Kumarathevan Krishnan
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, Kota Bharu 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (C.S.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Nurhanan Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, Kota Bharu 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (C.S.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 44800, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Pekanbaru 28291, Riau, Indonesia
- Centre for Excellence in Biomaterials Engineering (CoEBE), AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
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Fazelzadeh M, Afzalpour ME, Fallah Mohammadi Z, Falah Mohammadi H. The effects of voluntary complex and regular wheel running exercises on the levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, semaphorin 3B, H2O2, and apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01988. [PMID: 33471970 PMCID: PMC7994679 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most frequent complications associated with diabetes mellitus is apoptosis within the brain which can lead to cognitive disorders. Exercise is considered the best non-pharmacological approach to reduce the severity and extent of cell death through poorly-understood mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of voluntary complex and regular wheel running on the levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1 ), semaphorin 3B (sema3B), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. METHODS 48 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: healthy control (C), diabetes control (D), regular wheel running + diabetes (RWD), complex wheel running + diabetes (CWD), healthy regular wheel running (RW), and healthy complex wheel running (CW). The diabetic rat model was produced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The protocol encompassed a 4-week voluntary running training regimen on regular and complex wheel running apparatus. The rats were sacrificed 48 hr after the last training session. To measure the protein concentrations within the hippocampus, ELISA has been utilized. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in OGG1 protein levels between the groups. H2 O2 level in the D group was significantly higher than the C group (p = .002), while this in RWD and CWD groups was considerably lower than the D group (p = .002 and p = .003, respectively). In the D group, the levels of apoptosis and Sema3B were significantly (p = .001 and p = .007, respectively) higher than C, RWD (p = .001, p = .0001, respectively), and CWD groups (p = .001, p = .006, respectively). Nevertheless, there were not any significant differences between RWD and CWD groups. CONCLUSION The increased levels of Sema3B, H2O2, and apoptosis within the hippocampus associated with diabetes could be noticeably restored by both types of voluntary wheel running protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fazelzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Ziya Fallah Mohammadi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Hossein Falah Mohammadi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Ulm University, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Ranneh Y, Akim AM, Hamid HA, Khazaai H, Fadel A, Zakaria ZA, Albujja M, Bakar MFA. Honey and its nutritional and anti-inflammatory value. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 33441127 PMCID: PMC7807510 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the main key role in developing chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases which possess a huge challenge for treatment. With massively compelling evidence of the role played by nutritional modulation in preventing inflammation-related diseases, there is a growing interest into the search for natural functional foods with therapeutic and preventive actions. Honey, a nutritional healthy product, is produced mainly by two types of bees: honeybee and stingless bee. Since both types of honey possess distinctive phenolic and flavonoid compounds, there is recently an intensive interest in their biological and clinical actions against inflammation-mediated chronic diseases. This review shed the light specifically on the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of honey polyphenols and highlight their roles in targeting inflammatory pathways in gastrointestinal tract disorders, edema, cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Ranneh
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hasiah Ab Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huzwah Khazaai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Sport and Exercises Sciences School, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Albujja
- Department of Forensic Biology, Faculty of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University of Security Sciences, Riyadh, 14812, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
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Meligi NM, Ismail SA, Tawfik NS. Protective effects of honey and bee venom against lipopolysaccharide and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:693-705. [PMID: 33178430 PMCID: PMC7640919 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the protective effects of honey and bee venom (BV) either independently or in combination against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and hematological alterations in male albino rats were investigated. In addition, histopathological alterations of hepatic tissues induced by LPS/CCL4 were recorded. Sixty-four of male albino rats of average weight 120-150 g were included in this study. Rats were divided into eight equal groups of eight. The obtained results demonstrated that treatment with LPS/CCl4 caused an increase in the levels of alpha-fetoprotein, which was accompanied by changes in the hepatic function biomarkers that characterized by the increased levels of transaminases (AST, ALT). The results showed oxidative stress as assigned by the increase in lipid peroxide. Meantime detraction in the antioxidants, including glutathione peroxidase was observed. Interruptions in biochemical parameters accompanied by disturbances in hematological parameters and liver histopathology were resulted due to exposure to LPS/CCl4. This study showed the use of honey and BV provided a protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by LPS/CCl4. This might have been occurred through the reduction of hepatic transaminases and the "Alpha-fetoprotein" in serum and the equilibration of the antioxidation system, thereby, inhibiting the reactive oxygen species accumulation. Honey and BV administration reestablish disturbed hematological parameters and liver histopathology persuaded by LPS/CCl4. More interesting, we demonstrated that using a combination of the honey and BV showed promising enhancement in their protective effects over the use of just one of the two reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519, Minia, Egypt
| | - Suzan Alaa Ismail
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nagy S Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519, Minia, Egypt
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Voxel-based morphometry reveals regional reductions of gray matter volume in school-aged children with short-term type 1 diabetes mellitus. Neuroreport 2019; 30:516-521. [PMID: 30913134 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Follow-up observation is needed for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children due to the potential injury to the brain. However, the effect of short-term T1DM on gray matter in school-aged children is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate gray matter volume (GMV) changes and their relationships with clinical variables in school-aged children with short-term T1DM. Twenty-one school-aged T1DM children were compared with 21 control patients, matched for sex and age. T1-weighted gradient echo three-dimensional MRI was performed using a 3.0-Tesla scanner and the resulting images were processed with FSL software to assess the difference in GMV between the two groups. The children with T1DM presented with decreased GMV in the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG), the right postcentral gyrus, and the left triangular part of the frontal inferior gyrus (LTP-FIG). No significant changes in intelligence quotient (IQ) were found between the T1DM and control groups. In T1DM patients, there was a significant positive correlation between the GMV of LMTG and full-scale IQ or linguistic IQ. In addition, an increased glycosylated hemoglobin level was negatively correlated with reduced GMV in the LMTG and LTP-FIG in the T1DM group. These findings suggest that short-term T1DM could lead to regional structural brain deficits in school-aged children. The GMV of the LMTG may affect IQ, and poor recent glycemic control may have an adverse effect on GMV in the LMTG and LTP-FIG in T1DM children.Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/WNR/A506.
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Azman KF, Zakaria R. Honey as an antioxidant therapy to reduce cognitive ageing. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1368-1377. [PMID: 32133053 PMCID: PMC7043876 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the potential role of honey as a therapeutic antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress and improve cognitive ageing. All articles indexed to PubMed Central (PMC) were searched using the following key words: honey, antioxidant, memory and ageing. Honey is a natural insect-derived product with therapeutic, medicinal and nutritional values. Antioxidant properties of honey quench biologically-circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and counter oxidative stress while restoring the cellular antioxidant defense system. Antioxidant properties of honey may complement its nootropic effects to reduce cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnuur Fairuz Azman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia ,Corresponding author: Rahimah Zakaria. Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Tel: +609-7676156;
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11
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Sesamin: A promising protective agent against diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats. Life Sci 2019; 230:169-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Farbood Y, Rashno M, Ghaderi S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Rashidi K, Rashno M, Badavi M. Ellagic acid protects against diabetes-associated behavioral deficits in rats: Possible involved mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 225:8-19. [PMID: 30943382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease, is associated with behavioral deficits. It has been suggested that ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol compound, has potent anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The present study was aimed to explore the potential protective effects of EA against diabetes-associated behavioral deficits and verified possible involved mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: i.e., CON: normal rats treated with vehicle (5 ml/kg/day; P.O.), EA: normal rats treated with EA (50 mg/kg/day; P.O.), STZ: diabetic rats treated with vehicle (5 ml/kg/day; P.O.), STZ + INS: diabetic rats treated with insulin (6 IU/rat/day; S.C.), STZ + EA: diabetic rats treated with EA (50 mg/kg/day; P.O.). All the groups were under treatment for eight consecutive weeks. During the seventh and eighth weeks, behavioral functions of the rats were assessed by commonly used behavioral tests. Subsequently, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and also histological changes were evaluated in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats. KEY FINDINGS Chronic EA treatment attenuated anxiety/depression-like behaviors, improved exploratory/locomotor activities, and ameliorated cognitive deficits in diabetic rats. These results were accompanied by decreased blood glucose levels, modulation of inflammation status, improved neurotrophic support, and amelioration of neuronal loss in diabetic rats. In some aspects, treatment with EA was even more effective than insulin therapy. SIGNIFICANCE The current work's data confirms that EA could potentially serve as a novel, promising, and accessible protective agent against diabetes-associated behavioral deficits, owing to its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic properties.
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Malekiyan R, Abdanipour A, Sohrabi D, Jafari Anarkooli I. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of lycopene and insulin in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Rep 2018; 10:47-54. [PMID: 30588303 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of insulin and lycopene on passive avoidance memory, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde activity (MDA) and prevention of apoptosis in the hippocampus streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined. The rats were randomly divided to six experimental groups (n=8 per group): Non-diabetic (controls); diabetic; diabetic treated with lycopene; diabetic treated with insulin; diabetic treated with lycopene and insulin; and normal treated with lycopene. Intraperitoneal injection of single dose (60 mg/kg) streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce the diabetes rat model. The shuttle box test was used for learning and memory assessment. Rats were then sacrificed and hippocampi tissue isolated from the two hemispheres to determine TAC and MDA. Apoptosis rate was also evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and acridine orange staining assays. The results indicated that lycopene and insulin, solely or in combination, prevented hippocampal neuronal cell death and improved learning and cognition by increasing TAC and decreasing MDA. Collectively, the findings presented herein suggest that insulin and lycopene co-treatment has neuroprotective effect, and ameliorates STZ-induced learning and memory impairment and apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal regions of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Malekiyan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdanipour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Davood Sohrabi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
| | - Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56111, Iran
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Neuroprotective effects of Tualang honey against oxidative stress and memory decline in young and aged rats exposed to noise stress. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1465275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hamed SA. Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:409-428. [PMID: 28276776 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt
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Sadeghi A, Hami J, Razavi S, Esfandiary E, Hejazi Z. The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Apoptosis in Hippocampus: Cellular and Molecular Aspects. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:57. [PMID: 27076895 PMCID: PMC4809120 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.178531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animals. These deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in brain. In diabetic animals, impairments of spatial learning, memory, and cognition occur in association with distinct changes in hippocampus, a key brain area for many forms of learning and memory and are particularly sensitive to changes in glucose homeostasis. However, the multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy is not yet completely understood. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in diabetes-induce neuronal loss in hippocampus. Methods: The effects of diabetes on hippocampus and cognitive/behavioral dysfunctions in experimental models of diabetes are reviewed, with a focus on the negative impact on increased neuronal apoptosis and related cellular and molecular mechanisms. Results: Of all articles that were assessed, most of the experimental studies clearly showed that diabetes causes neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus through multiple mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inhibition of caspases, disturbance in expression of apoptosis regulator genes, as well as deficits in mitochondrial function. The balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling may determine the neuronal apoptotic outcome in vitro and in vivo models of experimental diabetes. Conclusions: Dissecting out the mechanisms responsible for diabetes-related changes in the hippocampal cell apoptosis helps improve treatment of impaired cognitive and memory functions in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hejazi
- Department of Genetic Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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