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Mahendrarajan V, Lazarus H, Easwaran N. Quorum quenching mediated biofilm impediment in Chromobacterium violaceum and Staphylococcus aureus by leaf extracts of Delonix elata. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31898. [PMID: 38882294 PMCID: PMC11177153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that cause systemic infections, resistance development and delay in healing wounds. Biofilms can form in various parts of the human body, such as the teeth, lungs, urinary tract, and wounds. Biofilm complicates the effects of antibiotics in treating infections. In search of a cure, a plant-based phyto component was selected for this investigation as an anti-quorum-mediated biofilm restricting agent in Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The bioactive components in Delonix elata (DE) ethyl acetate extract were identified using Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The extract was examined for toxicity using 3T3 cell lines and brine shrimp and ascertained to be non-toxic. Violacein was inhibited up to 68.81 % in C. violaceum at 0.6 mg/ml concentration. Hemolysin synthesis impediments in C. violaceum and S. aureus were 80 % and 51.35 %, respectively, at 0.6 mg/ml of DE extract. At 0.6 mg/ml, EPS was abated by up to 49 % in C. violaceum and 35.26 % in S. aureus. DE extract prevented biofilm formation in C. violaceum and S. aureus up to 76.45 % and 58.15 %, respectively, while associated eDNA was suppressed up to 67.50 % and 53.47 % at the respective sub-MIC concentrations. Expression of genes such as cviI, cviR, vioA, vioB, and vioE were dramatically reduced in C. violaceum, while genes such as agrA, sarA, fnbA, and fnbB were significantly reduced in S. aureus. Docking demonstrates that two or more DE molecules bind efficiently to the QS receptors of C. violaceum and S. aureus. Thus, DE extract can be investigated for therapeutic purposes against pathogenic microorganisms by rendering them less virulent through quorum quenching mediated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Huldah Lazarus
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Nalini Easwaran
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
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Guo P, Chen H, Ma J, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wei T, Gao D, Li J. Enzyme-assisted extraction, characterization, and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Potentilla anserina L. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216572. [PMID: 37528998 PMCID: PMC10388540 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Potentilla anserina (Potentilla anserina L.), also known as ginseng fruit, is a plant that can be used as both medicine and food. Potentilla anserina L. has high medical value in Chinese medicine, such as strengthening the spleen and stomach, replenishing qi and blood, and astringing hemostasis. Methods In this study, polysaccharides of Potentilla anserina L. were extracted from the root using an enzyme-assisted extraction method. According to the principle of Box-Behnken design, response surface methodology was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and appearance of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The monosaccharide composition of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activities were also studied. Results Under the optimal extraction conditions (the ratio of solid to liquid, 1:15; ratio of cellulase to pectinase, 1:2; extraction pH, 8.0; enzyme reaction temperature, 60°C), the extraction yield of Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides was 19.80 ± 0.01%, equal to the model prediction value 19.84%. The data of Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide was a kind of α-pyran polysaccharide, mainly consisting of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The antioxidant results showed that Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides had a strong hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (IC50 = 0.367 mg/mL), superoxide anion scavenging ability (IC50 = 45.017 mg/mL), and a certain degree of total reducing ability. Discussion Enzyme-assisted extraction is an efficient method to extract Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides. The Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharides could have potential use in functional foods as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ti Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Taizishan Ecosystem Observatory of Carbon Neutralization, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Nephropathy Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Karthik P, Ravichandran S, Mukkannan A, Rajesh J. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Delonix Elata: A promising photocatalyst for crystal violet degradation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Surai PF, Earle-Payne K, Kidd MT. Taurine as a Natural Antioxidant: From Direct Antioxidant Effects to Protective Action in Various Toxicological Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1876. [PMID: 34942978 PMCID: PMC8698923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention over the last 3 decades. At the same time, the attitude to free radicals is slowly changing, and their signalling role in adaptation to stress has recently received a lot of attention. Among many different antioxidants in the body, taurine (Tau), a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic β-amino acid, is shown to have a special place as an important natural modulator of the antioxidant defence networks. Indeed, Tau is synthesised in most mammals and birds, and the Tau requirement is met by both synthesis and food/feed supply. From the analysis of recent data, it could be concluded that the direct antioxidant effect of Tau due to scavenging free radicals is limited and could be expected only in a few mammalian/avian tissues (e.g., heart and eye) with comparatively high (>15-20 mM) Tau concentrations. The stabilising effects of Tau on mitochondria, a prime site of free radical formation, are characterised and deserve more attention. Tau deficiency has been shown to compromise the electron transport chain in mitochondria and significantly increase free radical production. It seems likely that by maintaining the optimal Tau status of mitochondria, it is possible to control free radical production. Tau's antioxidant protective action is of great importance in various stress conditions in human life, and is related to commercial animal and poultry production. In various in vitro and in vivo toxicological models, Tau showed AO protective effects. The membrane-stabilizing effects, inhibiting effects on ROS-producing enzymes, as well as the indirect AO effects of Tau via redox balance maintenance associated with the modulation of various transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2 and NF-κB) and vitagenes could also contribute to its protective action in stress conditions, and thus deserve more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Katie Earle-Payne
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renfrewshire Health and Social Care Centre, 10 Ferry Road, Renfrew PA4 8RU, UK;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Doustimotlagh AH, Taheri S, Mansourian M, Eftekhari M. Extraction and Identification of Two Flavonoids in Phlomoides hyoscyamoides as an Endemic Plant of Iran: The Role of Quercetin in the Activation of the Glutathione Peroxidase, the Improvement of the Hydroxyproline and Protein Oxidation in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 16:629-640. [PMID: 31481005 DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190903163335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver disease, a serious chronic condition that develops progressive hepatic degeneration through free radicals. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to extract and identify two flavonoids in Phlomoides hyoscyamoides plant, native to Iran and evaluate the role of quercetin identified on the liver injury among bile ductligated rats. METHODS This study was conducted on 25 male Wistar rats within three groups of sham control, mere bile duct-ligated, and bile duct-ligated with quercetin. The bile duct-ligated animals received quercetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 10 days, followed by biochemical tests, oxidative stress markers, activity of antioxidant enzymes and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Molecular docking was used to explore the interactive behavior of quercetin with glutathione peroxidase. RESULTS According to analyses of the obtained extract, two main active ingredients of P. hyoscyamoides were rutin and quercetin. Bile duct-ligated group showed a significant liver necrosis, a clear increase in plasma and tissue oxidative stress parameters, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to sham control group. Quercetin injection in bile duct-ligated rats resulted in significant decrease in hydroxyproline, protein carbonyl and histopathologic indexes and significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P-value≤0.05). Based on the molecular docking, the quercetin was able to regulate the glutathione peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION The quercetin acts as an enzyme inducer by renewing the glutathione peroxidase activity and inhibiting the oxidation of proteins and hence decreases the oxidative stress. These results could be a sign of confirming the positive role of quercetin in attenuating the liver damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Salman Taheri
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mansourian
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gupta A, Singh AK, Kumar R, Jamieson S, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Neuroprotective Potential of Ellagic Acid: A Critical Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1211-1238. [PMID: 33693510 PMCID: PMC8321875 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a dietary polyphenol present in various fruits, vegetables, herbs, and nuts. It exists either independently or as part of complex structures, such as ellagitannins, which release EA and several other metabolites including urolithins following absorption. During the past few decades, EA has drawn considerable attention because of its vast range of biological activities as well as its numerous molecular targets. Several studies have reported that the oxidative stress-lowering potential of EA accounts for its broad-spectrum pharmacological attributes. At the biochemical level, several mechanisms have also been associated with its therapeutic action, including its efficacy in normalizing lipid metabolism and lipidemic profile, regulating proinflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and inhibiting NF-κB action. EA exerts appreciable neuroprotective activity by its free radical-scavenging action, iron chelation, initiation of several cell signaling pathways, and alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous in vivo studies have also explored the neuroprotective attribute of EA against various neurotoxins in animal models. Despite the increasing number of publications with experimental evidence, a critical analysis of available literature to understand the full neuroprotective potential of EA has not been performed. The present review provides up-to-date, comprehensive, and critical information regarding the natural sources of EA, its bioavailability, metabolism, neuroprotective activities, and underlying mechanisms of action in order to encourage further studies to define the clinical usefulness of EA for the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarah Jamieson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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Tang J, Lu L, Liu Y, Ma J, Yang L, Li L, Guo H, Yu S, Ren J, Bai H, Yang J. Quercetin improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo study via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:9747-9757. [PMID: 30656723 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of quercetin to improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo study. METHODS The cells were divided into five groups: model control (MC) group was ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model group; DL group was treated with 25 mL/L quercetin based on MC group; DM group was treated with 50 ml/L quercetin based on MC group; DH group was treated with 100 mL/L quercetin based on MC group; Meto group was treated with metoprolol based on MC group. In the in vivo study, the rats were divided into five groups: MC group was I/R model group; DL group was treated with 25 mg/kg quercetin; DM group was treated with 50 mg/kg quercetin; DM group was treated with 100 mg/kg quercetin; Meto group was treated with Meto as positive drug. RESULTS The cell apoptosis rates of quercetin treated groups (DL, DM, and DH groups) were significantly suppressed compared with the MC group. The silent information regulatory factor 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Bcl-2 proteins expression of quercetin treated were significantly upregulation compared with MC group (P < 0.05, respectively), and Bax protein expression of quercetin treated group was significantly downregulation compared with MC group ( P < 0.05, respectively). In the vivo study, the myocardial pathological morphology of quercetin treated groups was improved. The cell apoptosis number of quercetin treated group were significantly suppressed compared with MC group by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay ( P < 0.05, respectively). SIRT1, PGC-1a, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins expressions of quercetin treated groups were significant differences compared with MC group in myocardial tissue ( P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Quercetin had improved the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Heping Bai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Bark anatomy, chemical composition and ethanol-water extract composition of Anadenanthera peregrina and Anadenanthera colubrina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189263. [PMID: 29281656 PMCID: PMC5744935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan were characterized in relation to anatomical and chemical features. The barks were similar and included a thin conducting phloem, a largely dilated and sclerified non-conducting phloem, and a rhyridome with periderms with thin phellem interspersed by cortical tissues. Only small differences between species were observed that cannot be used alone for taxonomic purposes. The summative chemical composition of A. peregrina and A. colubrina was respectively: 8.2% and 7.7% ash; 28.8% and 29.3% extractives; 2.4% and 2.6% suberin; and 18.9% lignin. The monosaccharide composition showed the predominance of glucose (on average 82% of total neutral sugars) and of xylose (9%). The ethanol-water extracts of A. peregrina and A. colubrina barks included a high content of phenolics, respectively: total phenolics 583 and 682 mg GAE/g extract; 148 and 445 mg CE/g extract; tannins 587 and 98 mg CE/g extract. The antioxidant activity was 238 and 269 mg Trolox/g extract. The barks of the Anadenanthera species are a potential source of polar extractives that will represent an important valorization and therefore contribute to improve the overall economic potential and sustainability of A. peregrina and A. colubrina.
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Perazzoli MRA, Perondi CK, Baratto CM, Winter E, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Locatelli C. Gallic Acid and Dodecyl Gallate Prevents Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute and Chronic Hepatotoxicity by Enhancing Hepatic Antioxidant Status and Increasing p53 Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:425-434. [PMID: 28381798 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), a natural phenolic acid has been reported as a strong antioxidant. Therefore the present study was designed to evaluate the effects of GA and dodecyl gallate (DGA) against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. For acute model, rats were orally treated with GA and DGA for 7 d prior to CCl4 by intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection. For the chronic model, rats were orally treated with GA or DGA and CCl4 i.p. twice a week for four weeks. In both acute and chronic models, the CCl4-treated groups showed significantly increase in serum hepatic enzyme activities and histopathologic alterations, as well as a disruption in antioxidative status. In contrast, the treatment with GA and DGA restored serum hepatic enzymes activities, improved histopathologic alterations, increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased lipid peroxidation levels. The activities of liver antioxidant enzymes were increased by GA and DGA only in acute model. The expression of p53 gene increased about 3.5 times after GA and DGA treatments, which could result in cell death of damaged hepatocytes preventing of a lifelong liver failure. Thus, these results suggest that GA and DGA has the potential to prevent liver damages as the case of fibrosis condition.
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Krishnappa P, Venkatarangaiah K, Venkatesh, Shimoga Rajanna SK, Kayattukandy Balan R. Wound healing activity of Delonix elata stem bark extract and its isolated constituent quercetin-3-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6) glucopyranoside in rats. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:389-395. [PMID: 29404008 PMCID: PMC5762931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Delonix elata L. is a Ceasalpinaceae species and is traditionally used in India for treatment of skin diseases, liver diseases and rheumatic problems. However, systematic evaluation of its wound healing activity is lacking. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to assess the wound healing activity of D. elata stem bark extract (DSE) and its isolated constituent quercetin-3-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-6) glucopyranoside (QRPG) in rats. The formulations effects on wound healing were assessed by the wound contraction rate, epithelialization period, tensile strength, content of the hydroxyproline, hexosamine and uronic acid in granulation tissue, histopathological studies and Col 1 α (I) expression level in wound tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) study. The topical application of DSE ointment caused faster epithelialization, significant wound contraction (100%), and better tensile strength (710.5±10.5 g/cm2), while QRPG showed wound epithelialization with 98.2% contraction, better than that of the control group (78.18%). The biochemical analysis of granulation tissue revealed that DSE and QRPG significantly increased hydroxyproline, hexosamine and uronic acid content. A significant increase in the expression of Col 1 α (I) was observed in the wound tissue of DSE and QRPG treated rats. DSE and QRPG were shown to enhance wound healing by increasing collagen synthesis through up-regulation of Col 1 α (I), thus validating ethnomedicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepa Krishnappa
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biotechnology, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India
| | - Krishna Venkatarangaiah
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatesh
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Shimoga Rajanna
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577451, Karnataka, India
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Teng H, Chen M, Zou A, Jiang H, Han J, Sun L, Feng C, Liu J. Hepatoprotective effects of licochalcone B on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:910-915. [PMID: 27746874 PMCID: PMC5048128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of licochalcone B (LCB) in a mice model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced in mice by a single subcutaneous injection (SC) of CCl4. The LCB was administered orally once a day for seven days (PO) as pretreatment at three doses of 1, 5, and 25 mg/kg/day. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed by ELISA. The protein expression degrees of p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38) and nuclear factor-k-gene binding (NF-κB) were assayed by western blotting. RESULTS CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by an increase in the levels of ALT, AST, MDA, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-ɑ, and a decrease in the SOD level and GSH/GSSG ratio in the serum. The histopathological examination of the liver sections revealed necrosis and inflammatory reactions. Pretreatment with LCB decreased the levels of ALT, AST, MDA, GSSG, IL-6, CRP, TNF-ɑ, and the protein expression of p38 and NF-κB, increased the level of SOD and GSH, and normalized the hepatic histo-architecture. CONCLUSION LCB protected the liver from CCl4-induced injury. Protection may be due to inhibition of p38 and NFκB signaling, which subsequently reduced inflammation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Teng
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, China,Corresponding author: Haifeng Teng. Weihai Municipal Hospital, China. Tel: 15856439807;
| | - Meng Chen
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Laishan Branch, China
| | - Ansheng Zou
- Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Haili Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jichun Han
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, China
| | | | | | - Ju Liu
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, China
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Liu MC, Yang SJ, Hong D, Yang JP, Liu M, Lin Y, Huang CH, Wang CJ. A simple and convenient method for the preparation of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:39. [PMID: 27335584 PMCID: PMC4916535 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walnut (Juglans regia L.), that belongs to the Juglandaceae family, is one of the nuts commonly found in Chinese diets. Researchers had obtained peptides from walnut protein hydrolysates, and these peptides exhibited the high antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and convenient method for a facile and reproducible preparation of antioxidant peptides from walnut protein hydrolysates. Results Walnut proteins were extracted from walnut kernels using continuous countercurrent extraction process, and were separately hydrolyzed with six types of proteases (neutrase, papain, bromelain, alcalase, pepsin, and pancreatin). Then, hydrolysates were purified by ultrafiltration. The yields and purity of the peptides prepared using neutrase and papain were 16 and 81 % at least, respectively, higher than others, and had low molecular weight, 99 % of which were less than 1500 Da. Furthermore, the bioassay indicated that the two peptides exhibited the high antioxidant activities in the DPPH (IC50 values: 59.40 and 31.02 µg/mL, respectively), ABTS (IC50 values: 80.36 and 62.22 µg/mL, respectively), and superoxide radical scavenging assay (IC50 values: 107.47 and 80.00 µg/mL, respectively). Conclusions The method combines the advantages of generality, rapidity, simplicity, and is useful for the mass production of walnut peptides.Preparation of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Liu
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Sheng-Jie Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Da Hong
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Jin-Ping Yang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Min Liu
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Yun Lin
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China
| | - Chao-Jih Wang
- R&D Center, Sinphar Tian-Li Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100 China ; School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical Univerisity, Shenyang, 110016 China ; R&D Center, Sinphar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ilan (Taiwan), 269 China
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Ma JQ, Li Z, Xie WR, Liu CM, Liu SS. Quercetin protects mouse liver against CCl4-induced inflammation by the TLR2/4 and MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. Ellagic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in liver protection. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:84-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Olayinka ET, Ore A, Adeyemo OA, Ola OS, Olotu OO, Echebiri RC. Quercetin, a Flavonoid Antioxidant, Ameliorated Procarbazine-Induced Oxidative Damage to Murine Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:304-21. [PMID: 26783707 PMCID: PMC4665474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Procarbazine (PCZ) (indicated in Hodgkin's disease), is an alkylating agent known to generate free radicals in vivo, while Quercetin (QCT) is a flavonoid antioxidant with proven free radical scavenging capacity. This study investigated the protective effects of QCT on PCZ-induced oxidative damage in the rat. Male Wistar rats (160-180 g) were randomized into five groups (n = 5/group): I (control), II PCZ-treated (2 mg/kg body weight (bw) for seven days); III pre-treated with QCT (20 mg/kg bw) for seven days, followed by PCZ for seven days; IV co-treated with PCZ and QCT for seven days and V administered QCT alone for seven days. PCZ caused a significant increase in plasma total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine when compared with control (P < 0.05). Similarly, plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) were significantly increased in the PCZ-treated group relative to control. Furthermore, PCZ caused a significant decrease in the activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as levels of ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH). This was followed by a significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, QCT pre-treatment and co-treatment ameliorated the PCZ-induced changes in plasma levels of urea, creatinine, and bilirubin as well as the activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and GGT. QCT also ameliorated hepatic AA and GSH levels and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GST. This all suggests that QCT protected against PCZ-induced oxidative damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Ayokanmi Ore
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Olaniyi Solomon Ola
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Olaoluwa Oluwaseun Olotu
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
| | - Roseline Chinonye Echebiri
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, Oyo State 211213, Nigeria.
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Silymarin as a Natural Antioxidant: An Overview of the Current Evidence and Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:204-47. [PMID: 26785346 PMCID: PMC4665566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SM), an extract from the Silybum marianum (milk thistle) plant containing various flavonolignans (with silybin being the major one), has received a tremendous amount of attention over the last decade as a herbal remedy for liver treatment. In many cases, the antioxidant properties of SM are considered to be responsible for its protective actions. Possible antioxidant mechanisms of SM are evaluated in this review. (1) Direct scavenging free radicals and chelating free Fe and Cu are mainly effective in the gut. (2) Preventing free radical formation by inhibiting specific ROS-producing enzymes, or improving an integrity of mitochondria in stress conditions, are of great importance. (3) Maintaining an optimal redox balance in the cell by activating a range of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants, mainly via Nrf2 activation is probably the main driving force of antioxidant (AO) action of SM. (4) Decreasing inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB pathways is an emerging mechanism of SM protective effects in liver toxicity and various liver diseases. (5) Activating vitagenes, responsible for synthesis of protective molecules, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), thioredoxin and sirtuins and providing additional protection in stress conditions deserves more attention. (6) Affecting the microenvironment of the gut, including SM-bacteria interactions, awaits future investigations. (7) In animal nutrition and disease prevention strategy, SM alone, or in combination with other hepatho-active compounds (carnitine, betaine, vitamin B12, etc.), might have similar hepatoprotective effects as described in human nutrition.
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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity of Clausena excavata Leaves Extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:975450. [PMID: 25610488 PMCID: PMC4290147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/975450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Clausena excavata (Lour.), locally known as “Kemantu hitam,” is a common plant in Malaysian folklore medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts of C. excavata leaves and determined the acute toxicity of methanolic extract C. excavata (MECE) leaves in Sprague-Dawley rats. Harvested leaves were dried and subjected to solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol in succession. The antioxidant activity of each extract was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl dihydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and ethanolic aluminium chloride method, respectively. The chloroform extract was found to be highest in flavonoid content, while the methanolic extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. There was no mortality in rats treated with MECE leaves even at a high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. However, the MECE leaves produced mild to moderate pathological changes in the liver and kidneys, shown by mild degenerative changes and leucocyte infiltration. The extract did not affect the haematological parameters or relative weights of the liver or kidneys. Overall, the MECE leaves have potent antioxidant activity and are presumed safe to be used orally as health-promoting product at low to moderate doses.
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Olayinka ET, Ore A, Ola OS, Adeyemo OA. Protective effect of quercetin on melphalan-induced oxidative stress and impaired renal and hepatic functions in rat. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2014; 2014:936526. [PMID: 25574394 PMCID: PMC4276702 DOI: 10.1155/2014/936526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One major challenge with the use of anticancer agents is the phenomenon of drug-induced toxicity. Melphalan (MPLN) is an alkylating anticancer agent, while quercetin (QCT) is an antioxidant. We investigated the protective role of quercetin against MPLN-induced toxicity. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (160-170 g) were randomized into five treatment groups; (I) control, (II) MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), (III) pre-treated with QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days followed by MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days, (IV) cotreated with QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) and MPLN (0.2 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days, and (V) QCT (20 mg/kg b.w.) alone. MPLN caused a significant increase in plasma bilirubin, urea, and creatinine by 122.2%, 102.3%, and 188%, respectively (P < 0.05). Similarly, plasma ALP, ALT, AST, and γ-GT activities increased significantly by 57.9%, 144.3%, 71.3%, and 307.2%, respectively, relative to control. However, pre or cotreatment with QCT ameliorated the levels of renal and hepatic function indices. Hepatic ascorbic acid and GSH and activities of glutathione-S-transferase, SOD, and catalase decreased significantly by 36.2%, 188%, 46.5%, 34.4%, and 55.2%, respectively, followed by increase in MDA content by 46.5% relative to control. Pre- and cotreatment with QCT reestablished the hepatic antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation. Overall, quercetin protected against MPLN-induced renal and hepatic toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Tunde Olayinka
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, 211213 Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Ayokanmi Ore
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, 211213 Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Solomon Ola
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, 211213 Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi Adewumi Adeyemo
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, PMB 1066, Oyo, 211213 Oyo State, Nigeria
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